FM 44-80 VISUAL AIRCRAFT RECOGNITION (30 September 1996) - page 6

 

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FM 44-80 VISUAL AIRCRAFT RECOGNITION (30 September 1996) - page 6

 

 

Wings. Low-mounted and unequally tapered with blunt tips. Wide wing roots. Positive slant.
Engine(s). Two piston engines mounted in and extending beyond the wings’ leading edges.
Fuselage. Short, thick, round, and tapered to rear section. Tapered nose. Stepped cockpit.
Tail. Tapered tail flats with blunt tips and high-mounted on body with positive slant. Swept-back tail fin
with a square tip.
USER COUNTRIES
Argentina, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Israel, Japan, Mexico, Pakistan, Peru, Thailand, USA,
Venezuela.
UV-18A TWIN OTTER (DE HAVILLAND CANADA)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. Canada (DHC-6, CC-138).
Similar Aircraft. Skyservant.
Crew. Two.
Role. STOL transport, cargo (twenty equipped troops).
Armament. Usually none.
Dimensions. Length: 51 ft, 9 in (15.8 m). Span: 65 ft (19.8 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. High-mounted and untapered with blunt tips.
Engine(s). Two turboprops mounted in and extending beyond wings’ leading edges.
Fuselage. Cigar-shaped and tapered to the rear section and nose section. Stepped cockpit.
Tail. Flats low-mounted on tail fin and untapered with blunt tips. Swept-back fin is tapered with a blunt
tip.
USER COUNTRIES
Argentina, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Haiti, Kenya, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, People’s
Republic of China, Senegal, Sudan, Switzerland, USA.
CHAPTER 10
Helicopter Aircraft
This chapter covers helicopter (rotary-wing) aircraft. There are a large number of helicopters covered since nearly all countries have
them in their inventory.
Helicopters have been grouped together in this chapter because, with the exception of a few attack helicopters, most can be used in a
variety of roles: attack, observation, heavy lift, cargo, transport, and surveillance.
There are many helicopter configurations. Only a few helicopters are similar in appearance and the differences make recognition of
them easier for an observer.
For each aircraft, there are line drawings, general data, WEFT descriptions, user countries, photographs, and aircraft manufacturer
information. The following illustration shows helicopter aircraft WEFT description features. Line drawings are not to scale.
Chapter 10 Aircraft List
AH-1F Cobra
Gazelle
Mi-28 Havoc
AH-1W Super Cobra
Hirundo A109
OH-6A Cayuse
AH-64 Apache
Ka-50 Hokum
OH-13 Sioux
Alouette II
Lynx
OH-58D Kiowa
Alouette III
Mangusta A129
Puma
BO 105
Mi-1 Hare
Scout, Wasp
CH-3/HH-3E Jolly Green Giant
Mi-2 Hoplite
SH-3 Sea King
CH-46 Sea Knight
Mi-4 Hound
Super Frelon
CH-47 Chinook
Mi-6 Hook
UH-1 Iroquois
CH-53 Sea Stallion
Mi-8 Hip
UH-1N Model 212
Dauphin 2
Mi-24 Hind
UH-60A Black Hawk
Defender 500
Mi-26 Halo
AH-1F COBRA (BELL)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. USA.
Similar Aircraft. Mi-24 Hind, Mangusta A129, AH-64 Apache.
Crew. Two.
Role. Attack helicopter.
Armament. Cannon, grenade launcher, rockets, missiles, TOW missiles.
Dimensions. Length: 44 ft, 7 in (13.6 m). Rotor diameter: 44 ft (13.42 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Large, dual-blade main rotor. Weapon-carrying wings are mid-mounted, short, and stubby.
Engine(s). One turboshaft mounted on top of the body forming a hump-like appearance. Single exhaust.
Fuselage. Thin, oval body with a short, pointed nose. Stepped, flat-plated canopy and tapered rear
section. Low-mounted, tubular tail boom.
Tail. Small flats are mid-mounted, swept-back, tapered, blunt-tipped, and forward of the fin. Swept-back
fin is tapered. Rotor on the right.
USER COUNTRIES
Bahrain, Iran, Israel, Japan, Jordan, South Korea, Pakistan, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, USA.
AH-1F SUPER COBRA (BELL)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. USA.
Similar Aircraft. Mi-24 Hind, Mangusta A129, AH-64 Apache.
Crew. Two.
Role. Attack helicopter.
Armament. Missiles, rockets, cannon, Hellfire and TOW missiles.
Dimensions. Length: 47 ft (14.32 m). Rotor diameter: 44 ft (13.42 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Large, dual-blade main rotor. Weapon-carrying wings are mid-mounted, short, and stubby.
Engine(s). Two turboshaft engines mounted on top rear of cabin. Two exhausts just above the tail boom.
Fuselage. Thin, oval body with short, pointed nose. Stepped, glassed-in canopy and tapered rear section.
Low-mounted, tubular tail boom.
Tail. Small flat is mid-mounted, swept-back, tapered, and square-tipped. Fin is swept-back and tapered.
Rotor is on the right.
USER COUNTRIES
Iran, South Korea, USA.
AH-64 APACHE (McDONNELL DOUGLAS)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. USA.
Similar Aircraft. Mi-28 Havoc, Mangusta A129, Mi-24 Hind, Ka-50 Hokum.
Crew. Two.
Role. Advanced attack helicopter.
Armament. 30-mm chain gun, missiles, rockets, Hellfire missiles.
Dimensions. Length: 48 ft, 2 in (14.69 m). Rotor diameter: 48 ft (14.64 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Four-blade main rotor mounted above body midsection. Blade tips are swept-back. Short, stubby,
weapon-carrying wings are mid-mounted with square tips.
Engine(s). Two turboshaft engines mounted high and outside the fuselage and to rear of the cockpit.
Fuselage. Blunt nose, flat-plated, and glassed-in cockpit. Fixed landing gear. Flat belly except for chain
gun.
Tail. Large, equally tapered flats with square tips and low-mounted on fin. Swept-back fin with square
tip. Rotor on the top left of fin.
USER COUNTRIES
Israel, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Greece, Kuwait, South Korea, United Arab Emirates, UK, USA.
ALOUETTE II (AEROSPATIALE)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. France.
Similar Aircraft. Alouette III, Gazelle, Scout/Wasp, OH-13 Sioux.
Crew. One.
Role. Observation, liaison, light-attack.
Armament. Machine gun, rockets, missiles.
Dimensions. Length: 33 ft, 8 in (10.28 m). Rotor diameter: 36 ft (11 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Three-blade main rotor high-mounted to the rear of the cockpit.
Engine(s). One turboshaft high-mounted on the fuselage to the rear of the cockpit and main rotor shaft.
Upturned exhaust.
Fuselage. Oval, transparent, bubble cockpit. Tadpole-like appearance. Fixed-skid landing gear. Tail
boom is open framework.
Tail. Small, rectangular, square-tipped flats forward of a small, right side-mounted rotor. No fin. Rotor
guard.
USER COUNTRIES
Algeria, Belgium, Djibouti, Ecuador, France, Germany, India (Cheetah), Indonesia, Pakistan (Lama),
Portugal, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey.
ALOUETTE III (AEROSPATIALE)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. France.
Similar Aircraft. Alouette II, Gazelle, Scout/Wasp, OH-13 Sioux, BO 105.
Crew. One.
Role. Light-attack, transport (six equipped troops), general purpose.
Armament. Machine guns, cannon, antitank missiles, rockets.
Dimensions. Length: 32 ft, 10 in (10.02 m). Rotor diameter: 36 ft (11 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Three-blade main rotor on top of fuselage to the rear of the cockpit.
Engine(s). One turboshaft above and to the rear of the cockpit and rotor shaft.
Fuselage. Oval-shaped, glassed-in cockpit. Fixed landing gear.
Tail. Rectangular flats with small, oval fins on tips. Rotor on right with prominent tail rotor guard.
USER COUNTRIES
Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Austria, Burkina-Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Chile, Congo,
Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, France, Gabon, Ghana, Greece, Guinea-Bissau, India
(Chetak), Iraq, Ireland, Ivory Coast, Libya, Malawi, Malaysia, Malta, Mexico, Nepal (Chetak),
Netherlands, Nicaragua, North Yemen, Pakistan, Peru, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, South Africa,
Senegal, South Korea, Spain, Suriname, Switzerland, Togo, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Venezuela,
Zaire.
BO 105 (MBB)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. Germany.
Similar Aircraft. OH-6 Cayuse, Defender 500MD, Alouette III, Mi-4 Hound.
Crew. Two.
Role. Observation, antitank utility.
Armament. HOT antitank missiles.
Dimensions. Length: 39 ft (11.84 m). Rotor diameter: 32 ft, 3 in (9.84 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Four-blade main rotor mounted above center of cabin. Antitank version has short, stubby,
weapon-carrying outriggers on lower midsection.
Engine(s). Two turboshaft engines on top of fuselage.
Fuselage. Short, thick, oval-shaped, and rounded at nose and rear. Glassed-in cockpit. Landing skids.
Tail. Swept-back and tapered fin. Small rectangular fins mounted at the tips of the rectangular flats.
Rotor on left.
USER COUNTRIES
Bahrain, Brunei, Chile, Colombia, Germany, Indonesia, Iraq, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Philippines,
USA.
CH-3E/HH-3E JOLLY GREEN GIANT (SIKORSKY)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. USA.
Similar Aircraft. CH-53 Sea Stallion, SH-3 Sea King, Super Frelon, Puma.
Crew. Two.
Role. Transport, cargo (30 equipped troops), assault, search and rescue missions.
Armament. Usually none.
Dimensions. Length: 57 ft, 3 in (17.46 m). Rotor diameter: 62 ft (19 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Large, five-blade main rotor mounted above the body midsection.
Engine(s). Two turboshaft engines on top of the body midsection. Two round air intakes located above
and behind cockpit.
Fuselage. Boat-shaped body with blunt, rounded nose, gradually tapering upward at the rear. A hump on
top of the body and landing gear in pods on the sides. Stepped cockpit.
Tail. Single, tapered flat on right side of swept-back fin. Small rotor on left side of fin.
USER COUNTRIES
Italy, USA.
CH-46 SEA KNIGHT (BOEING VERTOL)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. USA.
Similar Aircraft. CH-47 Chinook.
Crew. Three.
Role. Transport, cargo (25 equipped troops), assault.
Armament. Usually none.
Dimensions. Length: 45 ft (13.68 m). Rotor diameter: 51 ft (15.56 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Two three-blade main rotors, one above the nose section and cabin on a hump; the other on top
of high, thick tail fin.
Engine(s). Two turboshafts located inside the lower part of the tail fin.
Fuselage. Short and thick with flat bottom and upswept tail section. Glassed-in cockpit. Landing gear
pods on bottom rear of body.
Tail. High, thick tail fin with oval exhaust ports on the sides.
USER COUNTRIES
Japan (KV-107), USA.
CH-47 CHINOOK (BOEING VERTOL)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. USA.
Similar Aircraft. CH-46 Sea Knight.
Crew. Two on flight deck.
Role. Transport, cargo (44 equipped troops), recovery.
Armament. Usually none.
Dimensions. Length: 51 ft (15.56 m). Rotor diameter: 60 ft (18.3 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Two three-blade main rotors, one above the nose and one above the tail section.
Engine(s). Two turboshafts in pods, one on each side of thick tail fin.
Fuselage. Thick, box-like body with bulges along the sides of the midsection. Tapered front and rear.
Glassed-in, stepped cockpit above a short, rounded nose. Fixed landing gear.
Tail. High, thick tail fin.
USER COUNTRIES
Argentina, Australia, Canada, Egypt, Greece, Iran, Italy, Japan, Libya, Morocco, UK, USA.
CH-53 SEA STALLION (SIKORSKY)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. USA.
Similar Aircraft. HH-3E Jolly Green Giant, SH-3 Sea King, Super Frelon, Mi-26 Halo.
Crew. Two on flight deck.
Role. Heavy-assault transport (55 equipped troops, vehicles, guns), rescue.
Armament. Usually none.
Dimensions. Length: 67 ft (20.46 m). Rotor diameter: 72 ft, 3 in (22.04 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Large, six-blade main rotor mounted on a long hump above the body midsection.
Engine(s). Two turboshafts mounted high and outside the body midsection.
Fuselage. Large, boat-shaped with rounded nose. Body tapers to rear. Glassed-in cockpit. Upswept rear
section. Landing gear pods at lower midsection.
Tail. One tapered flat on right side of swept-back fin. Rotor on left side of fin.
USER COUNTRIES
Germany, Iran, Israel, USA.
DAUPHIN 2 (AEROSPATIALE)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. France.
Similar Aircraft. Lynx, Gazelle, Hirundo A109.
Crew. Normally two. Three with crew chief.
Role. Assault-transport (8 to 10 troops), utility, attack.
Armament. Rockets, antitank missiles on SA 365M model.
Dimensions. Length: 37 ft, 6 in (11.43 m). Rotor diameter: 39 ft, 2 in (11.94 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Four-blade main rotor. Weapons carrying platform on some models.
Engine(s). Two turboshafts mounted side by side on top of cabin. Air intake on side of motor hump.
Exhausts at the rear of the hump.
Fuselage. Teardrop-shaped body. Tapered boom to the tail fin. Rounded nose and stepped-up cockpit.
Retractable gear and flat bottom.
Tail. Flats with swept-back tips forward of the swept-back and tapered fin with blunt tip. Rotor is inside
housing at the bottom of the fin.
USER COUNTRIES
France, People’s Republic of China (Z-9), USA.
DEFENDER 500 (McDONNELL DOUGLAS)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. USA.
Similar Aircraft. OH-6 Cayuse, BO 105, Alouette II.
Crew. One.
Role. ASW, scout, antitank, multimission.
Armament. Chain gun, missiles, TOW-capable.
Dimensions. Length: 23 ft (7.02 m). Rotor diameter: 26 ft, 4 in (8.04 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Either four- or five-blade main rotor (depending on model). Weapons platform on lower rear
body.
Engine(s). One mounted inside body. Air intakes on top of cabin. Blackhole exhaust.
Fuselage. Teardrop-shaped. Round, glassed-in cockpit. Landing skids.
Tail. Fin boomerang-shaped, swept-back, and tapered. Flats back-tapered with small fins attached to the
tips. Flats high-mounted on the fin forming a T. Rotor on lower left of tail boom.
USER COUNTRIES
Argentina, Bahrain, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Denmark, Dominican Republic, El Salvador,
Honduras, Indonesia, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan, USA.
GAZELLE (AEROSPATIALE, WESTLAND)
GENERAL DATA
Countries of Origin. France, UK.
Similar Aircraft. Alouette II, Alouette III, Scout/Wasp, OH-13 Sioux, Dauphin 2.
Crew. One.
Role. General utility, attack.
Armament. Machine guns, rockets, missiles.
Dimensions. Length: 39 ft, 3 in (11.98 m). Rotor diameter: 34 ft, 5 in (10.6 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Three-blade main rotor mounted on top of the fuselage at the rear of the cabin.
Engine(s). One turboshaft engine mounted on top of the fuselage and to the rear of the rotor shaft.
Prominent, upturned exhaust.
Fuselage. Teardrop-shaped with round, glassed-in cockpit. Tapering tail boom mid-mounted on fuselage.
Landing skids.
Tail. Tail fin swept-back and tapered with a square tip. Rectangular flats with small fins. Fan rotor
housing is built into the lower tail.
USER COUNTRIES
Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, Cyprus, Ecuador, Egypt, France, Gabon, Iraq, Kenya, Kuwait,
Lebanon, Morocco, People’s Republic of China, Qatar, Rwanda, Senegal, Syria, UK, Yugoslavia.
HIRUNDO A109 (AGUSTA)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. Italy.
Similar Aircraft. OH-58 Kiowa, UH-1 Iroquois, UH-1N Model 212, Lynx.
Crew. One, two.
Role. Utility, ECM, ambulance, scout, attack, air defense, antitank.
Armament. Machine guns, rockets, pods, HOT or TOW missiles.
Dimensions. Length: 42 ft, 10 in (13.06 m). Rotor diameter: 36 ft (11.02 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Four-blade main rotor mounted on hump above the body midsection. Weapon-carrying platforms
at bottom midsection.
Engine(s). Two turboshafts on top of fuselage. Exhaust ports protrude upward and to the rear.
Fuselage. Rectangular with flat belly. Retractable landing gear. Tapered, rounded nose section. Stepped
cockpit. Upswept, tapered rear section.
Tail. Swept-back and tapered tail fin with angular tip. Swept-back and tapered belly fin with angular tip.
Small rotor on left side attached to the tapered tail boom.
USER COUNTRIES
Argentina, Greece, Italy, Mexico, UK, Venezuela.
Ka-50 HOKUM (KAMOV)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. CIS (Formerly USSR).
Similar Aircraft. Hirundo A109, Mangusta A129, AH-64 Apache, AH-1F Cobra.
Crew. Two.
Role. Antihelicopter and gunship.
Armament. Rocket packs, gun, AAMs.
Dimensions. Length: 44 ft, 3 in (13.5 m). Roter diameter: 45 ft, 10 in (14 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Coaxial, contrarotating, three-blade main rotors, widely separated with swept-back tips. Equally
tapered, short, stubby, weapon-carrying wings with end plates.
Engine(s). Twin turboshafts mounted high on the fuselage above the stubby wings. Semicircular air
intakes. Exhausts are turned outward.
Fuselage. Streamlined body tapers to the front and rear. Flat-bottomed except for underbelly gun pod and
sensor. Flat plated glassed-in canopy.
Tail. Thick, tapering tail boom. Back-tapered tail fin with a square tip. Flats are high-mounted on the tail
boom with end plates. Flats are located forward of the fin. No tail rotor.
USER COUNTRY
CIS.
LYNX (WESTLAND)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. UK.
Similar Aircraft. OH-58 Kiowa, Hirundo A109, UH-1 Iroquois, UH-1N Model 212, Dauphin 2.
Crew. Two.
Role. Utility, attack, antitank.
Armament. Cannon, minigun, rockets, missiles, HOT or TOW antitank missiles.
Dimensions. Length: 39 ft, 6 in (12.06 m). Rotor diameter: 42 ft (12.8 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Four-blade main rotor on a hump on top of the cabin.
Engine(s). Two turboshaft engines on top of rear of cabin.
Fuselage. Oval, stepped-up and glassed-in cockpit. Box-like cargo compartment. High-mounted, tapered
tail boom. Landing skids on army versions. Naval versions have wheels.
Tail. Swept-back fin is tapered. Single flat on right side near top of tail fin. Tail rotor on left side.
USER COUNTRIES
Brazil, Denmark, France, Germany, Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, UK.
MANGUSTA A129 (AGUSTA)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. Italy.
Similar Aircraft. AH-64 Apache, Mi-28 Havoc, Ka-50 Hokum.
Crew. Two.
Role. Light-attack, antiarmor, scout.
Armament. Gun pods; rockets; missiles; TOW-, Hellfire-, or HOT-capable.
Dimensions. Length: 46 ft, 10 in (14.3 m). Rotor diameter: 39 ft (12 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Four-blade main rotor on top center of cabin. Weapon-carrying wings are short, stubby, and mid-
mounted on the fuselage.
Engine(s). Two turboshaft engines mounted alongside the top of the fuselage. Semicircular air intakes.
Fuselage. Slender and tapered to the rear. Tandem cockpit, glassed-in and flat-plated. Tapered from
cockpit to blunted nose. Fixed landing gear.
Tail. Boom tapers to the rear. High, swept-back fin with square tip. Flats unequally tapered with square
tip. Belly fin with the rear landing wheel attached. Tail rotor on left side.
USER COUNTRY
Italy.
Mi-1 HARE (MIL)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. CIS (formerly USSR).
Similar Aircraft. None.
Crew. One.
Role. Utility, liaison.
Armament. Usually none.
Dimensions. Length: 39 ft, 8 in (12.2 m). Rotor diameter: 47 ft (14.36 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Three-blade main rotor mounted on a high hump on top of fuselage midsection.
Engine(s). One radial (piston) engine mounted beneath a hump on top of cabin.
Fuselage. Tadpole-shaped when viewed from bottom. Rounded nose and rear sections. Stepped, glassed-
in cockpit and a long, thin, tapered tail boom.
Tail. Swept-back fin with rotor on the right top. Small flats are equally tapered and mounted directly in
front of the fin.
USER COUNTRY
CIS.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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