FM 44-80 VISUAL AIRCRAFT RECOGNITION (30 September 1996) - page 4

 

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FM 44-80 VISUAL AIRCRAFT RECOGNITION (30 September 1996) - page 4

 

 

Chapter 7 Aircraft List
B-1B Lancer
Il-28 Beagle
Tu-26 Backfire
B-2
Tu-16 Badger
Tu-95 Bear
B-52 Stratofortress
Tu-22 Blinder
Tu-160 Blackjack
Canberra
B-1B LANCER (ROCKWELL INTERNATIONAL)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. USA.
Similar Aircraft. Tu-26 Backfire, Tu-160 Blackjack.
Crew. Four.
Role. Supersonic, long-range bomber.
Armament. ALCMs, SRAMs, bombs.
Dimensions. Length: 146 ft, 8 in (44.8 m). Span: 136 ft, 8 in (41.7 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Low-mounted, variable, swept-back, and tapered with blunt tips. Leading edge root extension.
Engine(s). Four turbofans; two side-by-side pods on each side of the fuselage. Square air intakes under
the wings. Four exhausts.
Fuselage. Long, slender, pointed nose and tail. Flattened belly except for engine pods. Body widens
progressively from the LERX through the exhausts. Stepped canopy. Tapered tail section overhangs the
exhausts. Tail cone.
Tail. Swept-back, tapered fin with square tip. Flats mid-mounted on fin, swept-back, and tapered with
blunt tips.
USER COUNTRY
USA.
B-2 (NORTHROP)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. USA.
Similar Aircraft. None.
Crew. Two. Provisions for three.
Role. Low-observable strategic bomber.
Armament. Cruise and attack missiles. Bombs both tactical and nuclear. Sea mines.
Dimensions. Length: 69 ft (21.03 m). Span: 172 ft (52.43 m)
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Straight, swept-back leading edges, "double-W" trailing edges and square tips.
Engine(s). Four turbofans mounted in pairs within wing structure. Exhausts overwing.
Fuselage. Blended flying wing with sharp pointed nose. Flush cockpit, bulging spine.
Tail. No tail flats or fins.
USER COUNTRY
USA.
B-52 STRATOFORTRESS (BOEING)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. USA.
Similar Aircraft. Tu-95 Bear.
Crew. Six.
Role. Strategic bomber.
Armament. Bombs, ALCMs, SRAMs, cannon.
Dimensions. Length: 157 ft, 7 in (48.6 m). Span: 185 ft (56.4 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. High-mounted, swept-back, and tapered with blunt tips and a negative slant.
Engine(s). Eight turbofans suspended in four pairs from pylons beneath the wings. Engines extend
forward of the wings’ leading edges.
Fuselage. Long, slender, and tapers to the rear. Solid, tapered nose. Stepped cockpit.
Tail. Swept-back and tapered fin with square tip. Flats mid-mounted on fuselage, swept-back, and
tapered with blunt tips.
USER COUNTRY
USA.
CANBERRA (ENGLISH ELECTRIC, BAC)
GENERAL DATA
Countries of Origin. UK, USA.
Similar Aircraft. I1-28 Beagle.
Crew. Two.
Role. Light bomber, ECM, reconnaissance, EW, night interdictor, trainer.
Armament. Bombs, cannons, rockets, missiles.
Dimensions. Length: 65 ft, 6 in (20 m). Span: 63 ft, 11 in (19.4 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Wide, mid-mounted wing; straight from the fuselage to the engine pods and equally tapered from
engine pods to the blunt tips.
Engine(s). Two turbojets or turbofans are mounted in the wings. Air intakes are forward of the wings’
leading edges. Exhausts are to the rear of the wings’ trailing edges.
Fuselage. Cigar-shaped and tapered to the rear. Round, solid, or glassed-in nose. Bubble canopy.
Tail. Flats high-mounted on fuselage tapered with rounded tips and a positive slant. Fin is unequally
tapered with a blunt tip.
USER COUNTRIES
Argentina, Peru, UK.
Il-28 BEAGLE (ILYUSHIN)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. CIS (formerly USSR).
Similar Aircraft. Canberra, Yak-28 Brewer.
Crew. Three.
Role. Light bomber, trainer.
Armament. Bombs, two 23-mm cannons in tail.
Dimensions. Length: 57 ft, 11 in (17.6 m). Span: 70 ft, 5 in (21.5 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. High-mounted with straight leading edge and forward-tapered trailing edge with blunt tips.
Engine(s). Two turbojets mounted beneath the wings in pods. Pods extend beyond wings’ leading and
trailing edges.
Fuselage. Tubular and cigar-shaped tapering to the rear. Rounded, glassed-in nose. Bubble canopy.
Tail. Fin is swept-back and tapered with a blunt tip. Flats are low-mounted on the fin, swept-back, and
tapered with blunt tips. A glassed-in tail gunner compartment is to the rear of the tail.
USER COUNTRIES
Egypt, North Korea (H-5), People’s Republic of China (H-5).
Tu-16 BADGER (TUPOLEV)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. CIS (formerly USSR).
Similar Aircraft. None in this manual.
Crew. Six.
Role. Strategic bomber, ELINT, ECM.
Armament. Bombs, missiles, cannon.
Dimensions. Length: 114 ft (34.8 m). Span: 108 ft (32.9 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Mid-mounted, swept-back, and tapered with blunt tips. Fences on top of wings. Landing gear
pods extend beyond wings’ trailing edges.
Engine(s). Two turbojets mounted in wing roots extend beyond the leading and trailing edges of the wing
root. Round air intakes.
Fuselage. Long, slender, and bulging where the engines are mounted and tapered to the tail. Round,
glassed-in nose. Stepped cockpit.
Tail. Swept-back, tapered fin and flats with blunt tips. Flats low-mounted on the fin. Tail gunner
compartment.
USER COUNTRIES
CIS, Egypt, Iraq, People’s Republic of China (H-6), Ukraine.
Tu-22 BLINDER (TUPOLEV)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. CIS (formerly USSR).
Similar Aircraft. None in this manual.
Crew. Three.
Role. Bomber, reconnaissance, ELINT.
Armament. Bomber, missiles, cannon.
Dimensions. Length: 133 ft (40.5 m). Span: 91 ft (27.75 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Low-mounted, swept-back, and tapered with square tips. Wide wing root. Landing gear pods
extend beyond wings’ trailing edges.
Engine(s). Two turbojets low-mounted on the tail fin. Round air intakes.
Fuselage. Tube-shaped with solid, pointed nose. Stepped cockpit.
Tail. Flats low-mounted on the fuselage, swept-back, and tapered with square tips. Fin is swept-back, and
tapered with square tip.
USER COUNTRIES
CIS, Iraq, Libya, Ukraine.
Tu-26 BACKFIRE (TUPOLEV)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. CIS (formerly USSR).
Similar Aircraft. B-1B Lancer, Tu-160 Blackjack.
Crew. Four.
Role. Strategic medium bomber, maritime reconnaissance.
Armament. Bombs, missiles, cannon.
Dimensions. Length: 138 ft (42 m). Span: 115 ft (35 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Mid-mounted, variable, swept-back, and tapered with curved tips. Wide wing root.
Engine(s). Two turbofans mounted in body. Large, rectangular air intakes. Dual exhausts.
Fuselage. Long and slender with solid, pointed nose. Body is rectangular from the air intakes to the
exhausts. Stepped cockpit.
Tail. Fin is swept-back and tapered with a square tip. Flats are mid-mounted on body, swept-back, and
tapered with blunt tips.
USER COUNTRIES
CIS, Ukraine.
Tu-95 BEAR (TUPOLEV)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. CIS (formerly USSR).
Similar Aircraft. B-52 Stratofortress.
Crew. Unknown.
Role. Strategic bomber, also maritime.
Armament. Bombs, missiles, cruise missiles, two 23-mm cannons in the tail.
Dimensions. Length: 162 ft, 5 in (49.5 m). Span: 167 ft, 8 in (51.1 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Mid-mounted, swept-back, and tapered with blunt tips.
Engine(s). Four turboprops with contrarotating propellers located on the wings. Engine nacelles extend
well beyond the wings’ leading edges.
Fuselage. Tube-shaped with rounded nose; tapers to the rear. Stepped cockpit. Tail gun compartment.
Tail. Fin swept-back and tapered with a square tip. Flats low-mounted on the fin, swept-back, and
tapered.
USER COUNTRIES
CIS, India (Bear F), Ukraine.
Tu-160 BLACKJACK (TUPOLEV)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. CIS (formerly USSR).
Similar Aircraft. B-1B Lancer, Tu-26 Backfire.
Crew. Four.
Role. Strategic bomber.
Armament. Bombs, missiles, ALCMs.
Dimensions. Length: 177 ft (54 m). Span: 182 ft, 9 in (55.7 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
CHAPTER 8
Cargo and Transport Aircraft
This chapter provides examples of cargo and transport aircraft. Many of these aircraft have very similar recognition features because
they were all designed to perform similar, specific missions such as operating from short, unimproved runways, roads, or fields. Modern
cargo and transport aircraft are manufactured with high-mounted straight wings which allow greater lift and better control at low speeds
and altitudes.
For each aircraft, there are line drawings, general data, WEFT descriptions, user countries, photographs, and aircraft manufacturer
information. Line drawings are not to scale. The following illustration shows cargo and transport aircraft WEFT description features.
Chapter 8 Aircraft List
An-12 Cub
Buffalo, C-8A
C-141B Starlifter
An-24 Coke, An-26 Curl
C-5 Galaxy
C-160 Transall
An-32 Cline
Caribou, C-7A
DC-3 Dakota
An-72 Coaler
C-17A Globemaster III
G.222
An-124 Condor
C-123 Provider
Il-14 Crate
Aviocar C-212
C-130 Hercules
Il-76 Candid
An-12 CUB (ANTONOV)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. CIS (formerly USSR).
Similar Aircraft. C-130 Hercules, C-160 Transall, G.222.
Crew. Six.
Role. Medium-cargo/transport (100 equipped troops, vehicles, and weapons), ECM, ELINT.
Armament. Twin 23-mm cannons in tail.
Dimensions. Length: 121 ft, 4 in (37 m). Span: 124 ft, 8 in (38 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. High-mounted with drooping outer wing panels, back-tapered leading edges, straight trailing
edges, and blunt tips.
Engine(s). Four turboprop engines mounted under the wings’ leading edges.
Fuselage. Round, slender body with stepped cockpit and glassed-in nose. Landing gear pods bulge at
lower body midsection. Upswept rear section.
Tail. Flats are unequally tapered with blunt tips and mounted high on the fuselage. Fin is tapered with a
blunt tip and a step in the leading edge. Two 23-mm guns in tail turret.
USER COUNTRIES
Angola, Afghanistan, Bulgaria, CIS, Czech Republic, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Iraq, People’s Republic of
China (Y-12), Poland, Slovakia, South Yemen, Sri Lanka, Syria (Y-12), Yugoslavia.
An-24 COKE, An-26 CURL (ANTONOV)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. CIS (formerly USSR).
Similar Aircraft. An-32 Cline, IL-20 Coot, P-3C Orion, An-12 Cub.
Crew. Five.
Role. Short haul, light-transport, cargo (40 equipped troops, small vehicles), paratroop.
Armament. Usually none.
Dimensions. Length: 77 ft, 2 in (23.54 m). Span: 95 ft, 9 in (29.2 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. High-mounted and equally tapered from the engines to the blunt tips.
Engine(s). Two turboprops mounted in pods beneath the wings. Pods extend beyond the wings’ leading
and trailing edges.
Fuselage. Long, slender, upswept rear section. Solid, rounded nose. Stepped cockpit.
Tail. Fin is back-tapered with a blunt tip and angular fairing. Flats are high-mounted on the body, back-
tapered with blunt tips, and have a positive slant.
USER COUNTRIES
Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Cape Verde, Congo, CIS, Cuba, Czech
Republic, Ethiopia, Germany, Hungary, Iraq, Laos, Libya, Madagascar, Mali, Mongolia, Mozambique,
Nicaragua, North Korea, People’s Republic of China (Y-7), Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Somalia, South
Yemen, Syria, Vietnam, Yugoslavia, Zambia.
An-32 CLINE (ANTONOV)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. CIS (formerly USSR).
Similar Aircraft. An-24 Coke, An-26 Curl.
Crew. Five.
Role. Short- to medium-range, light-transport, cargo (39 equipped troops, small vehicles), airdrop.
Armament. Usually none.
Dimensions. Length: 78 ft (23.75 m). Span: 95 ft, 9 in (29.2 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. High-mounted and equally tapered from the engines to the blunt tips.
Engine(s). Two turboprops mounted in pods over the wings. Pods extend beyond the wings’ leading and
trailing edges.
Fuselage. Long, tubular, upswept rear section and solid, rounded nose. Stepped cockpit.
Tail. Fin is unequally tapered with blunt tip and angular fairing. Flats are high-mounted on the body,
back-tapered with blunt tips, and have a positive slant.
USER COUNTRIES
CIS, Cuba, India, Mongolia, Peru.
An-72 COALER (ANTONOV)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. CIS (formerly USSR).
Similar Aircraft. C-160 Transall, G.222.
Crew. Three.
Role. Medium-transport, STOL.
Armament. None.
Dimensions. Length: 87 ft, 2 in (26.56 m). Span: 84 ft, 9 in (25.84 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. High-mounted and back-tapered with blunt tips and a negative slant.
Engine(s). Two turbofans in long pods mounted on top of the wings. Round air intakes extend from the
front of the wings’ leading edges.
Fuselage. Circular with round, solid nose, upswept rear section, and a flush cockpit.
Tail. Swept-back, untapered fin. Back-tapered flats high-mounted on the fin forming a T.
USER COUNTRY
CIS.
An-124 CONDOR (ANTONOV)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. CIS (formerly USSR).
Similar Aircraft. C-5B Galaxy, C-17A Globemaster III.
Crew. Six--seven with loadmaster.
Role. Strategic transport.
Armament. None.
Dimensions. Length: 226 ft, 3 in (69 m). Span: 240 ft, 5 in (73.3 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. High-mounted, swept-back, and tapered with curved tips. Negative slant.
Engine(s). Four turbofans mounted on pylons under the wings.
Fuselage. Thick, oval, rounded nose and tapers to the rear. Stepped canopy.
Tail. Fin swept-back and tapered with rounded tips. Flats swept-back, tapered, and mid-mounted on the
body.
USER COUNTRY
CIS.
AVIOCAR C-212 (CASA)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. Spain.
Similar Aircraft. C-160 Transall, C-123 Provider, G.222.
Crew. Two.
Role. STOL, light-utility transport (18 equipped troops, light tactical vehicles), airdrop.
Armament. Usually none.
Dimensions. Length: 49 ft, 9 in (15.18 m). Span: 62 ft, 4 in (19.12 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. High-mounted and unequally tapered from midwing to the square tips.
Engine(s). Two turboprops mounted in pods under the wings’ leading edges.
Fuselage. Thick, cigar-shaped with flat bottom and upswept rear section. Stepped cockpit.
Tail. Fin is equally tapered with a square tip. Straight fairing in the leading edge. Flats are mid-mounted
on the body and tapered with square tips.
USER COUNTRIES
Angola, Chad, Equatorial New Guinea, Ghana, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Portugal, Saudi
Arabia, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Venezuela.
BUFFALO, C-8A (DE HAVILLAND CANADA)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. Canada (DHC-5, CC-115).
Similar Aircraft. C-7A Caribou.
Crew. Three.
Role. STOL transport, cargo (41 troops, 1/4-ton vehicles, and freight).
Armament. Usually none.
Dimensions. Length: 79 ft (24.08 m). Span: 96 ft (29.26 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. High-mounted, straight from body to engines, and equally tapered outboard of engines to the
blunt tips.
Engine(s). Two turboprops mounted under the wings’ leading edges.
Fuselage. Slab-sided with solid, rounded nose. Stepped cockpit. Upswept rear section.
Tail. Fin is slightly swept-back and tapered with square tip. Flats are equally tapered with blunt tips and
high-mounted on the fin forming a T.
USER COUNTRIES
Abu Dhabi, Brazil, Cameroon, Canada, Ecuador, Egypt, Ethiopia, Honduras, Kenya, Mauritania,
Mexico, Oman, Peru, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, United Arab Emirates, USA, Zaire, Zambia.
C-5 GALAXY (LOCKHEED)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. USA.
Similar Aircraft. C-17A Globemaster III, C-141 Starlifter, Il-76 Candid, An-124 Condor.
Crew. Six.
Role. Heavy-transport (345 equipped troops), heavy-cargo (armored vehicles, weapons, helicopters).
Armament. Usually none.
Dimensions. Length: 247 ft, 10 in (75.54 m). Span: 222 ft, 8 in (67.88 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. High-mounted, swept-back, and tapered with curved tips and negative slant.
Engine(s). Four turbofans, suspended on pylons, and extending forward of the wings’ leading edges.
Round air intakes.
Fuselage. Large, cigar-shaped, and tapered to tail section. Slightly tapered, rounded nose. Stepped
cockpit. Landing gear bulges at lower midsection. Upswept rear section.
Tail. Swept-back, tapered tail flats and high-mounted on a swept-back, tapered tail fin forming a T.
USER COUNTRY
USA.
CARIBOU, C-7A (DE HAVILLAND CANADA)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. Canada (DHC-4A, CC-108).
Similar Aircraft. Buffalo C-8A, DHC-5.
Crew. Three.
Role. STOL utility transport (32 equipped troops, 1/4-ton trucks).
Armament. Usually none.
Dimensions. Length: 72 ft, 7 in (22.14 m). Span: 95 ft, 2 in (29.16 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. High-mounted with straight leading edge and forward-tapered trailing edge from engines to the
blunt tips.
Engine(s). Two piston engines mounted in wings’ leading edges. Engine nacelles extend beyond leading
edges.
Fuselage. Slab-sided with solid, rounded nose. Stepped cockpit. Upswept rear section.
Tail. Flats mid- to low-mounted on tail fin and tapered with blunt tips. Large fin tapered with blunt tip.
USER COUNTRIES
Ecuador, India, Malaysia, Spain, Thailand, USA.
C-17A GLOBEMASTER III (McDONNELL DOUGLAS)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. USA.
Similar Aircraft. C-5 Galaxy, Il-76 Candid, C-141B Starlifter.
Crew. Five with loadmaster.
Role. Long-range and intra-theatre heavy cargo transport (troops, heavy equipment, helicopters).
Armament. None.
Dimensions. Length: 174 ft (53.04 m). Span: 165 ft (50.29 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. High-mounted, swept-back, tapered, negative slant. Winglets at wing tips.
Engine(s). Four turbofans mounted on pylons under wings. Round intakes.
Fuselage. Round and tapers to tail cone. Upswept rear section. Flush cockpit and a round nose.
Tail. Fin swept-back and untapered. Flats swept-back, tapered, mounted high on fin forming a "T".
USER COUNTRIES
USA.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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