FM 44-80 VISUAL AIRCRAFT RECOGNITION (30 September 1996) - page 7

 

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FM 44-80 VISUAL AIRCRAFT RECOGNITION (30 September 1996) - page 7

 

 

Mi-2 HOPLITE (MIL)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. CIS (formerly USSR).
Similar Aircraft. Hirundo A109, Mi-8 Hip.
Crew. One.
Role. Transport, cargo, reconnaissance, trainer, search and rescue, liaison, armed support.
Armament. Rockets, missiles, machine guns.
Dimensions. Length: 57 ft (17.4 m). Rotor diameter: 47 ft, 6 in (14.6 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Three-blade main rotor on top of large hump above the body midsection.
Engine(s). Two turboshafts mounted side-by-side on top of cabin, forming a hump. Round air intakes
above cockpit. Oval exhausts on sides of engines.
Fuselage. Small, bus-like. Stepped-up cockpit and rounded nose. Tadpole-shaped body when viewed
from bottom. Fixed landing gear.
Tail. Tapered tail boom. Small, unequally tapered flats. Thin, swept-back fin. Rotor is on the right.
USER COUNTRIES
Azerbaijan, Burma, Bulgaria, CIS, Cuba, Czech Republic, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Hungary, Libya,
Nicaragua, Poland, Slovakia, Syria, Ukraine.
Mi-4 HOUND (MIL)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. CIS (formerly USSR).
Similar Aircraft. BO 105, Defender 500.
Crew. Three.
Role. Transport (12 to 16 equipped troops), armed support, trainer.
Armament. Machine gun pod, rockets.
Dimensions. Length: 55 ft (16.8 m). Rotor diameter: 69 ft (21 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Large, four-blade main rotor mounted on top of fuselage midsection.
Engine(s). One piston engine mounted within the nose section.
Fuselage. Short, oval with solid, rounded nose and stepped-up cockpit. High-mounted, long, thin tail
boom. Gun mount under belly (oil pan). Four-wheeled landing gear.
Tail. Small, three-blade rotor attached to right side of thin fin. Small flats forward of the fin.
USER COUNTRIES
Afghanistan, Albania (Z-5), Algeria, Bulgaria, Cuba, Czech Republic, Egypt, Germany, Iraq, Mali,
Mongolia, North Korea, North Yemen, People’s Republic of China (Z-5), Poland, Romania, Somalia ,
South Yemen, Sudan, Syria, Vietnam.
Mi-6 HOOK (MIL)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. CIS (formerly USSR).
Similar Aircraft. Mi-26 Halo, CH-3 Jolly Green Giant.
Crew. Five.
Role. Heavy transport (65 equipped troops), vehicles.
Armament. Machine gun.
Dimensions. Length: 109 ft (33.3 m). Rotor diameter: 115 ft (35 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Large, five-blade main rotor centered over fuselage midsection. Stabilizing wings unequally
tapered with blunt tips, mounted high on the fuselage, and tilted upward to the front.
Engine(s). Two turboshafts on top of fuselage midsection. Round air intakes above cockpit. Oval-shaped
exhaust ports on sides.
Fuselage. Long, bus-like with round, stepped-up cockpit; round, glassed-in nose section. Upswept rear
section with tapered tail boom. Fixed landing gear.
Tail. Swept-back fin is tapered. Small rotor on right. Unequally tapered flats forward of the fin.
USER COUNTRIES
Algeria, CIS, Egypt, Iraq, Laos, Peru, Syria, Vietnam.
Mi-8 HIP (MIL)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. CIS (formerly USSR).
Similar Aircraft. Mi-17 Hip H, Puma, Mi-2 Hoplite, Super Frelon.
Crew. Two (three with flight engineer).
Role. Armed assault-transport (24 equipped troops, light weapons, and vehicles).
Armament. Rockets, antitank missiles, machine gun, bombs.
Dimensions. Length: 61 ft (18.32 m). Rotor diameter: 70 ft (21.3 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Large, five-blade main rotor over the engine at the body midsection. Weapon-carrying platform
at lower body midsection.
Engine(s). Twin turboshafts mounted on top of the fuselage. Two round air intakes just above the
cockpit. Rounded exhaust ports.
Fuselage. Long, bus-like body with rounded nose and glassed-in cockpit. Two fuel pods offset and
mounted low on the body. Upswept rear section. Tricycle landing gear.
Tail. Tail boom tapers to the small, swept-back, and tapered fin with rotor on top right or left. Small flats
mounted forward of the fin.
USER COUNTRIES
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Belarus, Bulgaria, Cambodia, CIS, Croatia, Cuba,
Czech Republic, Egypt, Germany, Guyana, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Madagascar, Mongolia, Mozambique,
Nicaragua, North Yemen, People’s Republic of China, Slovakia, SouthYemen, Sudan, Syria, Ukraine,
Vietnam, Yugoslavia, Zambia.
Mi-24 HIND (MIL)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. CIS (formerly USSR).
Similar Aircraft. AH-1 Cobra (all models), UH-60 Black Hawk, AH-64 Apache, Mangusta A129.
Crew. Two.
Role. Assault, gunship, antitank.
Armament. Missiles, guns, rockets.
Dimensions. Length: 55 ft (16.78 m). Rotor diameter: 55 ft, 6 in (17 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Five-blade main rotor mounted on top of fuselage midsection. Short, stubby, weapon-carrying
wings mounted at midsection.
Engine(s). Two turboshafts mounted above body midsection. Two round air intakes located just above
the cockpit. Exhaust ports on sides of engine(s).
Fuselage. Hind A: Large, oval-shaped body, glassed-in cockpit, and fuselage tapering at the rear to the
tail boom. Hind D: Large, oval-shaped body, nose modification with tandem bubble canopies, and a chin-
mounted turret.
Tail. Swept-back, tapered fin with rotor on right on some models. Tapered flats on boom just forward of
the fin.
USER COUNTRIES
Armenia, Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Belarus, Bulgaria, Cambodia, CIS, Cuba, Czech Republic,
Ethiopia, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Libya, Mongolia, Mozambique, Nicaragua, North
Korea, Peru, Poland, Slovakia, South Yemen, Syria, Ukraine, Vietnam.
Mi-26 HALO (MIL)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. CIS (formerly USSR).
Similar Aircraft. Mi-6 Hook, HH-3E Jolly Green Giant.
Crew. Four.
Role. Heavy cargo-transport (100+ equipped troops, armored vehicles).
Armament. Usually none.
Dimensions. Length: 111 ft (33.8 m). Rotor diameter: 105 ft (32 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Eight-blade main rotor mounted above the fuselage midsection on a hump.
Engine(s). Two turboshafts mounted on top of the cabin. Round air intakes above and behind the cockpit.
Exhaust ports at sides of engines.
Fuselage. Long, bus-like body tapers to the nose and rear. Upswept rear section. Rounded nose and
stepped-up cockpit. Fixed tricycle landing gear.
Tail. Swept-back, slightly tapered fin with large rotor on right side. Flats are forward-tapered and low-
mounted on leading edge of the fin.
USER COUNTRIES
India, CIS.
Mi-28 HAVOC (MIL)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. CIS (formerly USSR).
Similar Aircraft. Mangusta A129, AH-64 Apache, AH-1F Cobra.
Crew. Two.
Role. Attack.
Armament. AAMs, antitank missiles, cannon, rockets.
Dimensions. Length: 57 ft (17.4 m). Rotor diameter: 56 ft (17.04 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Five-blade main rotor mounted above the body midsection. Short, wide, tapered, weapon-
carrying wings mounted to the rear of body midsection.
Engine(s). Two turboshafts in pods mounted alongside the top of the fuselage. Downturned exhausts.
Fuselage. Slender and tapers to the tail boom and nose. Tandem, stepped-up cockpits. Cannon mounted
beneath the belly. Fixed landing gear.
Tail. Tapering tail boom to swept-back fin. Flat high-mounted on the fin. Rotor mounted on right.
USER COUNTRY
CIS.
OH-6A CAYUSE (HUGHES)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. USA.
Similar Aircraft. Defender 500MD, BO 105.
Crew. One.
Role. Observation, liaison.
Armament. Usually none. Hardware available for minigun mount.
Dimensions. Length: 21 ft (6.4 m). Rotor diameter: 26 ft (7.92 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Four-blade main rotor mounted above the fuselage midsection.
Engine(s). One turboshaft located on the top rear of the fuselage.
Fuselage. Teardrop-shaped with round, glassed-in cockpit. Upswept rear section. Skid-type landing gear.
Tail. Y tail. Thin, tapering tail boom. Rotor on the left attached to the tail boom.
USER COUNTRIES
Brazil, Japan, Nicaragua, USA.
OH-13 SIOUX (BELL)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. USA.
Similar Aircraft. Alouette II, Alouette III, Gazelle, Scout/Wasp.
Crew. One.
Role. Utility, observation.
Armament. Minigun, rocket pods.
Dimensions. Length: 31 ft, 7 in (9.64 m). Rotor diameter: 37 ft (11.32 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Dual-blade main rotor located above body midsection behind the cockpit.
Engine(s). One piston engine located inside latticework midsection behind the cockpit.
Fuselage. Round (goldfish bowl), glassed-in cockpit. Open-grid midsection and tail boom tapers to the
rear. Belly fin. Skids with movable wheels attached for handling.
Tail. Small, rectangular flats. Small rotor centered at end of boom with rotor guard.
USER COUNTRIES
Brazil, Colombia, Spain, Thailand, Turkey, Uganda, USA.
OH-58D KIOWA (BELL)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. USA.
Similar Aircraft. Hirundo A109, Lynx, UH-1 Iroquois, UH-1N Model 212.
Crew. Two.
Role. Utility, scout, observation.
Armament. 7.62-mm minigun.
Dimensions. Length: 31 ft (9.45 m). Rotor diameter: 33 ft, 4 in (10.16 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Two-blade main rotor on top of aircraft midsection.
Engine(s). One engine on top rear of midsection in a hump-like fairing.
Fuselage. Oval body, pointed nose, and tapered rear section to a mid-mounted tail boom.
Tail. Mid-mounted, rectangular flats. Swept-back and tapered fin that is boomerang-shaped. Rotor on the
left.
USER COUNTRIES
Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Guatemala, Guyana, Jamaica, Japan,
Kenya, Libya, Morocco, Nepal, Oman, North Yemen, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Tanzania,
Thailand, United Arab Emirates, USA, Venezuela.
PUMA (AEROSPATIALE, WESTLAND)
GENERAL DATA
Countries of Origin. France, UK.
Similar Aircraft. Super Frelon, HH-3E Jolly Green Giant, SH-3 Sea King, CH-53 Sea Stallion, Mi-8 Hip,
UH-60 Black Hawk.
Crew. Two.
Role. Armed transport (16 equipped troops).
Armament. Cannon, missiles, machine guns, rockets.
Dimensions. Length: 46 ft (14 m). Rotor diameter: 49 ft (14.96 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Large, four-blade main rotor mounted above center of fuselage on a hump.
Engine(s). Two turboshaft engines mounted on top of fuselage midsection giving the helicopter a
humpbacked appearance.
Fuselage. Long, rectangular, upswept, and tapered rear section. Rounded, stepped-up, glassed-in cockpit.
Retractable landing gear.
Tail. Swept-back and tapered fin. Rotor on the right. Tapered, single flat on left top of the fin.
USER COUNTRIES
Algeria, Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, Chad, Chile, Djibouti, Ecuador, France, Gabon, Germany, Iceland,
Indonesia, Iraq, Ivory Coast, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Malawi, Mexico, Morocco, Nepal,
Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Philippines, Portugal, Senegal, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sudan,
Switzerland, Togo, United Arab Emirates, UK, Zaire.
SCOUT, WASP (WESTLAND)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. UK.
Similar Aircraft. Alouette II, Alouette III, Gazelle, OH-13 Sioux.
Crew. One.
Role. Utility.
Armament. Accommodations for antitank missiles, cannon, rockets.
Dimensions. Length: 30 ft, 4 in (9.26 m). Rotor diameter: 32 ft, 3 in (9.84 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Four-blade main rotor mounted on a shaft behind the cabin and between the cabin and engine.
Engine(s). One turboshaft mounted behind rear of cabin (exposed).
Fuselage. Rounded nose, stepped-up, glassed-in cockpit, including top; slightly tapered rear section.
Fixed landing gear.
Tail. Swept-back, tapered fin with small rotor on the left. Rectangular flats (Army version) mounted to
the underside of boom below the fin.
USER COUNTRIES
Brazil, Indonesia, Malaysia, New Zealand, UK.
SH-3 SEA KING (SIKORSKY)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. USA.
Similar Aircraft. HH-3E Jolly Green Giant, CH-53 Sea Stallion, Super Frelon, Puma.
Crew. Two on flight deck; two in main cabin.
Role. Amphibious assault-transport (30 equipped troops), antisubmarine, search and rescue.
Armament. Homing torpedoes, depth charges, cannon, rockets, missiles.
Dimensions. Length: 56 ft (16.97 m). Rotor diameter: 62 ft (18.92 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Large, five-blade main rotor on top of fuselage midsection.
Engine(s). Two turboshaft engines mounted on top of cabin. Circular air intakes above cockpit. Oval
exhausts on sides of engines.
Fuselage. Long, thick, box-like with blunt nose. Tapered cockpit. Boat-hull shape. Upswept rear section.
Retractable landing gear. Third wheel of landing gear is fixed.
Tail. Swept-back fin is tapered. Rotor on left side. Single flat is tapered with square tip mounted at the
top right side of fin.
USER COUNTRIES
Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Egypt, Germany, India, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Norway,
Pakistan, Peru, Spain, UK, USA.
SUPER FRELON (AEROSPATIALE)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. France.
Similar Aircraft. Puma, SH-3 Sea King, CH-53 Sea Stallion, HH-3E Jolly Green Giant, Mi-8 Hip.
Crew. Two on flight deck; three in main cabin.
Role. Assault-transport (38 equipped troops), naval operations.
Armament. Torpedoes.
Dimensions. Length: 75 ft, 7 in (23.02 m). Rotor diameter: 62 ft (18.92 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Six-blade main rotor mounted above center of fuselage.
Engine(s). Three turboshafts. Two are mounted side-by-side atop the fuselage forward of main rotor; the
third is behind the main rotor. Round air intakes above and behind cockpit.
Fuselage. Boat-hull type with stabilizing floats on either side of body. Nose is round with glassed-in
cockpit. Upswept rear section. Fixed landing gear.
Tail. Boom tapers from main body to swept-back, tapered fin. Rotor on left. Single, tapered, and and flat-
mounted on the right side of fin.
USER COUNTRIES
France, Iraq, Israel, Libya, People’s Republic of China, Zaire.
UH-1 IROQUOIS (BELL)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. USA.
Similar Aircraft. UH-1N Model 212, OH-58 Kiowa, Lynx, Hirundo A109.
Crew. Two.
Role. Utility transport (seven equipped troops).
Armament. Missiles, rockets, machine guns.
Dimensions. Length: 42 ft (12.79 m). Rotor diameter: 48 ft (14.64 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Dual-blade main rotor mounted over the cabin.
Engine(s). One turboshaft on top rear of cabin.
Fuselage. Long, oval body, with tapered rear. Rounded nose. Stepped-up cockpit. Swell in center of
cabin. Landing skids.
Tail. Mid-mounted, rectangular flats with square tips. Swept-back fin with rotor on the left.
USER COUNTRIES
Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bolivia, Brazil, Burma, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador,
Ethiopia, Finland, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Israel, Japan, Malta,
Mexico, Morocco, New Zealand, North Yemen, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru,
Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Somalia, South Korea, Spain, Suriname, Taiwan, Tanzania,
Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, USA, Venezuela, North Yemen,
Zambia.
UH-1N MODEL 212 (BELL)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. USA.
Similar Aircraft. UH-1 Iroquois, OH-58 Kiowa, Lynx, Hirundo A109.
Crew. Two (three with crew chief).
Role. General purpose utility, naval operations.
Armament. ASMs, homing torpedoes, depth charges.
Dimensions. Length: 42 ft (12.79 m). Rotor diameter: 48 ft (14.64 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Large, dual-blade main rotor on hump at top rear of cabin.
Engine(s). Two turboshafts with a combining gear box. Air intakes in front of engine.
Fuselage. Long and oval with rounded nose. Stepped-up cockpit and tapered rear section. Swell in center
of cabin. Fixed-skid landing gear.
Tail. Boom tapers to swept-back, tapered fin with rotor on the right. Rectangular flats mounted on the
boom forward of the fin.
USER COUNTRIES
Argentina, Austria, Bangladesh, Botswana, Brunei, Canada, Ecuador, Ghana, Guatemala, Guyana, Iran,
Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Mexico, Morocco, Nigeria, North Yemen, Panama, Paraguay, Peru,
Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Somalia , South Korea, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Thailand, Turkey, Uganda, USA,
Venezuela, Zambia.
UH-60A BLACK HAWK (SIKORSKY)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. USA.
Similar Aircraft. Hirundo A109, Mi-24 Hind, Mi-8 Hip, Puma.
Crew. Two.
Role. Assault-transport (11 equipped troops), multipurpose.
Armament. Hellfire missiles, machine guns, rockets, mine dispensers.
Dimensions. Length: 51 ft (15.25 m). Rotor diameter: 53 ft, 8 in (16.9 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. Four-blade main rotor with swept-back tips mounted on top center of fuselage.
Engine(s). Two turboshaft engines within a hump on top of fuselage. Semicircular air intakes. Oval
exhausts.
Fuselage. Slender, rectangular fuselage tapers to the rear. Rounded nose with stepped cockpit. Fixed
landing gear.
Tail. Boom tapers to a high, swept-back fin with tail rotor on right. Large, unequally tapered flat
mounted low on the fin.
USER COUNTRIES
Colombia, Israel, Spain (SH-60), USA.
CHAPTER 11
Early Warning, Observation, and Reconnaissance Aircraft
This chapter features early warning, observation, and reconnaissance aircraft that are built and used for special purposes. There are
aircraft shown in other chapters that can and are used in these roles, but not as the aircraft’s primary mission.
Some aircraft covered in this chapter are high-flying and will not be seen within range of FAAD guns and missiles. Other types shown
will be within range and operating low enough to be recognized for an engagement decision.
For each aircraft, there are line drawings, general data, WEFT descriptions, user countries, photographs, and aircraft manufacturer
information. The following illustration shows early warning, observation, and reconnaissance aircraft WEFT description features. Line
drawings are not to scale.
Chapter 11 Aircraft List
A-50 Mainstay
EF-111A Raven
P-3C Orion
E-2C Hawkeye
Il-20 Coot-A
S-2 Tracker
E-3A Sentry
Nimrod AEW3
S-3A Viking
EA-6B Prowler
OV-1 Mohawk
A-50 MAINSTAY (ILYUSHIN)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. CIS (formerly USSR).
Similar Aircraft. E-3 Sentry.
Crew. Seven.
Role. AEW, control.
Armament. Tail turret.
Dimensions. Length: 152 ft, 8 in (46.5 m). Span: 165 ft, 6 in (50.5 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. High-mounted, swept-back, and tapered with blunt tips.
Engine(s). Four turbofans mounted on pylons under and extending beyond the wings’ leading edges.
Fuselage. Long, round tapering to the rear with a radome on the chin. Saucer type radome on top of the
aircraft. Stepped-up cockpit.
Tail. Flats swept-back and tapered with blunt tips high-mounted on the swept-back, tapered fin, forming
a T.
USER COUNTRY
CIS.
E-2C HAWKEYE (GRUMMAN)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. USA.
Similar Aircraft. G.222, C-160 Transall.
Crew. Five.
Role. AEW.
Armament. None.
Dimensions. Length: 57 ft, 6 in (17.53 m). Span: 80 ft, 6 in (24.6 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION
Wings. High-mounted and equally tapered with blunt tips.
Engine(s). Two turboprops mounted under the wings. Engines extend well beyond the wings’ leading
edges.
Fuselage. Oval that tapers to the rear. Rounded nose. Stepped-up cockpit. Large radome.
Tail. Four fins (two fins are mounted on the tips of the flats and extend below the flats; the two inside
fins are mounted on top of the flats). Flats are high-mounted on the fuselage and have a positive slant.
USER COUNTRIES
Egypt, Israel, Japan, Singapore, USA.
E-3A SENTRY (BOEING)
GENERAL DATA
Country of Origin. USA.
Similar Aircraft. A-50 Mainstay.
Crew. Seventeen.
Role. AWACS.
Armament. None.
Dimensions. Length: 152 ft, 9 in (46.6 m). Span: 154 ft, 7 in (44.4 m).
WEFT DESCRIPTION

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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