CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, AND NUCLEAR DEFENSE (CBRND) FUNCTIONAL NEEDS ANALYSIS. FINAL REPORT (2005)

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CBRND Functional Needs Analysis/Functional Solution Analysis

Chapter 13 Tactical Shield Tasks

13.4.3

Functional Solution Analysis

13.4.3.1

DOTLPF Assessment Summary

This section addresses the deficiencies and suggests potential non-materiel solutions. If there are

no non-materiel solutions, or they are only partial solutions, the remaining non-materiel need is

then stated. Materiel needs are assessed in the IMA section.

Deficiency: Include in doctrine requirement for allocation of COLPRO for MWDs.

Partial Non-Materiel Solution: Doctrine: Incorporate into doctrine, policy, procedures, and

TTPs the provision of COLPRO for MWD activities and functions supporting operations

with threat. Organization: Organizational supporting structures, manning, and resources to

support MWD COLPRO operations. Training: Formal and recurring training of MWD units

and personnel on COLPRO operations for MWDs. Leadership: Ensure recognition of MWDs

as a limited valuable resource requiring protection. Facilities: Develop supporting

infrastructure (e.g., logistics, veterinary services, communications, etc.) to support MWD

COLPRO.

Deficiency: Include in doctrine requirement for COLPRO access for MWDs accompanied by

handlers away from primary MWD COLPRO.

Partial Non-Materiel Solution: Doctrine: Incorporate into doctrine, policy, procedures, and

TTPs the requirement to permit accompanied MWD access to COLPRO when away from

MWD COLPRO operations. Leadership: Ensure recognition of MWDs as a limited valuable

resource requiring protection and enforcement of doctrine.

Deficiency: MWDs are not equipped, trained, and prepared to survive a CBRN/TIM

environment.

Partial Non-Materiel Solution: Doctrine: Establish doctrine, policy, and procedures for

CBRND protection of MWDs and training enabling CBRN/TIM environment survival.

Organization: Ensure organizational consideration for maintenance and support of MWD

CBRND protective equipment, measures, and activities. Training: Establish institutional and

unit training of MWD handlers and MWDs for CBRND measures and activities. Integrate

into CBRND exercises and evaluations. Leadership: Ensure awareness and planning for

CBRND measures and requirements for MWD survivability. Facilities: Develop supporting

infrastructure for MWD CBRND (e.g., logistics, veterinary surveillance, communications,

training, etc.).

Deficiency: Command staff does not possess clear guidance for planning and providing

CBRN/TIM protection training and CBRND protection resources to MWD.

Non-Materiel Solution: Doctrine: Promulgate doctrine, policy, and procedures addressing

MWD and operations for CBRND. Training: Establish CBRND training, exercise, and

evaluation criteria and programs for MWDs and conduct CBRND training, exercises, and

evaluations. Leadership: Implement and manage CBRND training, equipping, and protection

of MWDs.

Deficiency: Adjust MOPP protocols to address MWDs.

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Non-Materiel Solution: Doctrine: Adjust doctrine, policy, procedures, and TTPs to address

actions for the protection of MWDs at each MOPP level. Training: Establish institutional and

unit training for the conduct of MWD-related MOPP level actions. Leadership: Incorporate

MWD-related activities for each MOPP level into planning and disseminated instructions.

Deficiency: Prophylaxis for MWAs is virtually nonexistent.

Partial Non-Materiel Solution: Doctrine: Establish doctrine, policy, and procedures for

CBRND protection of MWDs and survival within a CBRN/TIM environment. Organization:

Ensure organizational consideration for maintenance and support of MWD CBRND

protective equipment, measures, and activities. Training: Establish institutional and unit

training of handlers and MWDs on CBRND measures and activities. Leadership: Ensure

awareness and planning for CBRND measures and requirements for MWD survivability.

Facilities: Develop supporting infrastructure for MWD CBRND (e.g., logistics, veterinary

surveillance, etc.).

Deficiency: Existing CBRND DOTLPF is inadequate, or nonexistent, for MWDs.

Non-Materiel Solution: Doctrine: Promulgate doctrine, policy, and procedures addressing

MWDs for CBRND. Organization: Identify organizational services and activities necessary

to support survivability of MWDs within a CBRN/TIM environment. Training: Establish

CBRND training, exercise, and evaluation criteria and programs for MWD handlers and

MWDs and conduct CBRND training, exercises, and evaluations. Leadership: Implement

and manage CBRND DOTLPF for MWDs.

13.4.3.2

IMA Assessment Summary

Table 13.4-2 is a list of ideas for material approaches and a corresponding description of each

idea. Approaches vary from modifying current COLPRO systems to the development of new

antibodies and vaccines. Table 13.4-3 identifies which of the material approaches might address

specific materiel deficiencies identified in the DOTMLPF assessment.

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Chapter 13 Tactical Shield Tasks

Table 13.4-2. TASHLD 4: Materiel Approaches

Idea for Materiel Approach

Description

Broad-application above-the-

Develop above-the-neck respiratory protection with broad application for the general population,

neck respiratory protection

including MWAs.

Chemical air generation

Integrated compounds within warfighter’s IPE applying chemical reaction to generate oxygen

without reliance upon external sources.

Combinatorial prophylaxes

Develop prophylaxes affording protection or minimizing the impact from a broad range of

CBRN/TIM agents.

COTS CBRND IPE materiel

Adapt COTS protective equipment, where necessary and desirable, for CBRND of MWDs.

for MWD protection

Current prophylaxes

There currently exists a variety of prophylaxes used for protection against CBRN. FDA testing and

necessary modifications of prophylactics must be made to obtain FDA approval. Review available

medical material and prophylaxes for application to high-risk TIMs.

Develop COLPRO kits

Develop COLPRO kits containing all necessary supplies to construct field-expedient COLPRO that

is easily stored and maintained in ready condition, easily and safely erected, operated, maintained,

and striked within a CBRN/TIM environment by IPE-encumbered personnel using minimal

resources and supports COLPRO requirements.

Develop MWD COLPRO

Develop or adapt joint-level MWD transport and field kenneling systems for COLPRO function as

transporter, field shelter, and COLPRO.

Develop/adapt MWA

Develop or adapt MWA transport systems to provide COLPRO protection from CBRN/TIM agents.

transport system with

pressure/filtration

Disposable COLPRO

Develop one-time-use COLPRO that is rapidly erected with little instruction, training, and effort and

affords term protection for critical activities and functions, maintenance and repair activities,

prelocated consumables, as well as personnel associated with this task.

Field-expedient COLPRO

Develop field-expedient COLPRO kits designed to adapt existing structures, tentage, etc., for the

kits

expansion of COLPRO field capabilities and mission support and the provision of collective

protection to the force, critical functions and activities, maintenance and repair activities and

functions, resources, etc.

Field-expedient COLPRO

Identify commonly available materials (duct tape, plastic sheeting, wooden crate, plywood, tarps,

materials

coverings, wraps, caulk, sealant gels/sprays, etc.) for application in the construction of expedient

COLPRO needed to construct field-expedient COLPRO when COLPRO availability is limited or not

advantageous.

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Chapter 13 Tactical Shield Tasks

Idea for Materiel Approach

Description

Future prophylaxes

Some preexposure prophylaxes for biological agents require several administrations, immunity

attainment is time-consuming, or the period of coverage does not address the full operational period.

Future prophylaxes should provide immunity against all known threat CBRN and high-risk TIM

agents, as well as potential future threat agents, and be FDA approved. CBRND medical

countermeasures are needed providing a sustained level of protection over an extended period of

time (minimally the operational period), do not require multiple administrations, are easily

disseminated and administered, support a minimum level of protection, protect against a broad range

of agents, cover the range of preexposure to post-exposure/presymptomatic application needs, and

are applicable to the protected population (including eligible civilians).

GOTS CBRND IPE materiel

Adapt existing GOTS CBRND materiel (e.g., PPW, etc.) for application to CBRND of MWDs.

for MWD protection

Improved IPE garments and

Develop new generation of IPE garments and accessories (e.g., boots/boot covers, gloves, hoods,

accessories

etc.) using modern materials permitting greater range of motion, longer wear without performance

degradation, increased durability, integrated into warfighter personal equipment, and protects against

all threat CBRN and high-risk TIM agents.

Integrated mobile COLPRO

Develop warfighting platforms (air, land, and sea) with COLPRO that is an integral part of the

operational system and protects against current and future/advanced agents.

Modular COLPRO

Develop modular COLPRO that can be erected in various configurations to protect various groups of

people separately by their designation (EPWs, civilian, etc.); accommodates small to large numbers

of people; protects all critical activities and functions, MWAs, prelocated consumables, and

maintenance/repair activities; and addresses the commander’s intent.

MWA prophylaxes

Develop or adapt CBRND medical countermeasures and veterinary medicine for preexposure and

post-exposure/presymptomatic protection of MWDs from CBRN/TIM. Develop topical that is easy

to apply and provides shielding from CBRN/TIM, preventing agent absorption through hair or skin.

Rebreathing

Closed circuit mechanism to permit an individual’s exhaled air to be filtered, CO₂ removed and

recirculated for breathing, allowing user to make use of all available oxygen in a closed environment.

Regenerative filtration

CBRN regenerative filters able to flush retained agent, neutralize agent, or by other inherent means

affords extended period of protection.

Respiratory protection for

Modify existing technology for application by MWAs to provide some protection from CBRN/TIM.

MWAs

Specific masks would be desirable that are comparable to the human form factor.

Topical

Develop topical barrier that is easily applied (i.e., spray), acts as a contact hazard barrier, and affords

protection from CBRN/TIM.

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Chapter 13 Tactical Shield Tasks

13.5

Task TASHLD 5: Protect evacuees, detainees, civilians, and other identified groups

from CBRN/TIM effects

13.5.1

Functional Area Analysis

13.5.1.1

Definition

Establish and provide COLPRO and/or individual protection to eligible civilians and detainees.

The afforded protection is dependent upon the function and activities performed by the

individual. NOTE: Civilians will encompass the full range of body types, ages, disabilities, and

may include both genders.

13.5.1.2

Derivation

Joint Enabling Concept for CBRN Operations, An Operational Concept for Biological Defense,

Protection Joint Functional Concept, UJTL (TA 7, TA 7.1).

13.5.1.2.1

Supported Task: OPSHLD 6

13.5.1.2.2

Lateral Task: TASHA 24

13.5.1.2.3

Supporting Task: N/A

13.5.1.3

Condition

Perform this task under conditions of:

Physical

1. Undeveloped to highly developed land. (C1.1.1)

2. Riverine to open sea. (C1.2)

3. Natural and induced air. (C1.3)

4. Immediate to delayed danger, and potential long-term health hazard of atmospheric

weapons effects. (C1.3.3)

Military

1. Partially completed mission preparation. (C2.1.3)

2. Marginal forces. (C2.2)

3. Marginal to adequate forces allocated. (C2.2.3)

4. Poor personnel (evacuees, detainees, civilians, and other identified group) nutrition and

health. (C2.2.4.1)

5. Poor personnel physical conditioning. (C2.2.4.3)

6. Poor mission-essential government-service civilian physical conditioning. (C2.2.4.3 -

NEW)

7. Poor mission-essential contract-service civilian physical conditioning. (C2.2.4.3 - NEW)

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8. Poor evacuee, detainee, and other civilian physical conditioning. (C2.2.4.3 - NEW²)

9. Negligible personnel experience. (C2.2.4.5)

10. Limited staff expertise. (C2.3.1.3)

11. Limited deployed supplies. (C2.8.2)

12. No prepositioned materiel. (C2.8.4)

13. No host-nation support. (C2.8.5)

14. Negligible to limited commercial procurement. (C2.8.6)

Civil

1. Negative foreign government support. (C3.1.2.3)

2. Aggressively opposed foreign public opinion. (C3.1.2.4)

3. Uncertain international organization support. (C3.1.2.5)

4. Poor civil health. (C3.3.1.4)

13.5.2

Functional Needs Analysis

13.5.2.1

Capability and Deficiency Assessment Summary

Table 13.5-1 discusses various capabilities to perform the task to the designated standards. The

overall capabilities for current, near/mid, and far term are rated “red.” Although improvements

between the periods occur for specific capabilities and are reflected in the associated identified

values, the improved capabilities are not sufficient to change the overall assessed color ratings

for this task.

Current Capability and Deficiency

Collective protection would afford the most widespread protection to the affected groups, but

these assets are limited in quantity and are intended for warfighter protection as a primary role.

CBRND respiratory/ocular and percutaneous protection are available in certain situations, either

possessed by detainees or provided in theater for dependents and contractors. But widespread use

in all cases are limited based on the physical variety of individuals that would need to be

considered, i.e., children of various ages. The Guardian Program is attempting to address the

protection of critical personnel within the civilian populace on an established military installation

but is currently focused upon installation response and mitigation capabilities primarily

addressing first responders and follow-on incident management. Planning, respiratory/ocular

protection, percutaneous protection, COLPRO, and training are included in this program.

However, the provision of IPE and COLPRO for application of CBRND for detainees, civilians,

and other identified groups is not adequately addressed in current DOTLMPF and stocks are

inadequate, if they exist at all.

² The current UJTL condition description applies to only military personnel. The description should be expanded to include

evacuees, detainees, and other civilians.

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Projected Near/Mid-Term Capability and Deficiency

The projected mid-term fielding of JECP will expand capabilities to provide COLPRO for

support of operations. However, the quantities remain in question and timing may shift to late

mid term. The Guardian Program is expected to address critical civilian personnel within the

general installation/facility population during the near to early mid-term. However, the Guardian

Program is not expected to address general population, detainees, and non-U.S. personnel, nor

operations involving locations other than established U.S. installations and facilities. Although

additional assets are projected for the warfighter, no change is projected to DOTLPF.

Projected Far-Term Capability and Deficiency

Continued fielding of JECP is expected during the far term with possible expansion of the

program to address other identified and applicable COLPRO issues. The Guardian Program is

expected to continue to address and resolve or mitigate CBRND issues on a limited basis for

U.S. installations and facilities. Although additional assets are projected for the warfighter, no

change is projected to DOTLPF.

13.5.2.2

Resource Systems

Individual Protection

Respiratory/Ocular Protection:

COTS: Commercially available systems of protection, manufactured and tested meeting

OSHA standards for the United States or equivalent organization in other nations.

M17 Series Masks w/M13 Series Filters: Obsolescent warfighter system of protection.

Retained in selected HTAs for NEO application. Designed for adults.

Other warfighter respiratory/ocular protection as available: Includes all standard warfighter

respiratory/ocular systems of protection (e.g., M40, MCU-2A/P, etc.) that may be

available and applied at the direction of the commander.

Percutaneous Protection:

COTS: Commercially available systems of protection, manufactured and tested meeting

OSHA standards for the United States or equivalent organization in other nations.

Obsolescing warfighter percutaneous protection: Obsolete or obsolescing warfighter CBRN

ensembles, usually first- or second-generation protection, retained in selected HTAs for

NEO application, when applied. Designed for adults.

Other warfighter percutaneous protection as available: Includes all standard Service-

specific warfighter percutaneous protective assets (e.g., BDO, Saratoga, etc.) that may be

available and applied at the direction of the commander.

Medical Protection: Standard warfighter CBRND prophylaxes. Designed for military

population profile.

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COLPRO

1. Mobile COLPRO:

CBPS: M1113 HMMWV-mounted COLPRO system consisting of a hardshell filtration, power,

and transport and expandable softshell tentage with contamination control area/entry. The

COLPRO unit is designated the Lightweight Multipurpose shelter (LMS).

CITADEL: System of protection installed with USN vessels to afford protection to selected

connected spaces including C4ISR, medical, and R2.

Fixed-Site COLPRO:

MGPTS: USMC Medium General Purpose Tent System (MGPTS) with CB Protective Liner

System designed for support of USMC operational C4ISR and R2.

CP-DEPMEDS: Component-based system of tentage, connective corridors, ISO containers,

etc., with COLPRO liners for configuration into field hospitals and includes supporting

power and utility systems, lighting, engine control units, and filtration systems. Large

system requiring extensive use of resources to prepare location, erect/strike, operate, and

maintain.

JTCOPS: Similar to CP-DEPMEDS, but for critical functions and activities of the force

(e.g., staff operations, aircrew housing and briefing, etc.).

CP-EMEDS: USAF air-transportable system similar to CP-DEPMEDS on a smaller scale

and configurable from one medical shelter to a 25-bed field hospital.

CP-SSS: USAF small-scale COLPRO transportable system designed to support C2

functions.

JECP: Projected program of COLPRO designed for application in highly mobile operations,

expeditionary operations, forced-entry operations, and/or to supplement larger-scale

COLPRO systems in support of operations. Consists of building/room and tentage insert

kits and small-unit stand-alone COLPRO kits.

M20/M20A1 SCPE: Lightweight and modular COLPRO system consisting of an inflatable

liner for insert into rooms or buildings.

Building integrated COLPRO systems: COLPRO systems designed and installed into

buildings as integral systems, usually facility construction. Post-construction installation

is based upon building design and COLPRO requirements. Varies between buildings

based upon applied technology, date of construction/installation, system engineering,

facility function, etc. Most existing facility COLPRO was established during Cold War

period.

MOPP Methodology: Stepped level of CBRND protective measures. Standardized levels permit

the rapid increase or decrease of unit MOPP level.

Unit Staff: Application of DOTLPF, knowledge, experience, and acquired skills for the conduct

of CBRND by command staff (as individual entities and a single body) and appropriate

supporting activities.

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Table 13.5-1. TASHLD 5: Capability and Deficiency Assessment

System/Measure

Current

Individual Protection

2.3

N/A

2.0

1.3

Respiratory/Ocular Protection

4¹

N/A

3²

3³

2⁴

Percutaneous Protection

3⁵

N/A

3⁶

3⁷

2⁸

Medical Protection

0⁹

N/A

0⁹

Collective Protection

N/A

1.0

Mobile COLPRO

0¹⁰

0¹¹

N/A

0¹¹

1¹²

Fixed-Site COLPRO

0¹³

0¹⁴

N/A

0¹⁴

1¹²

Mission-Oriented Protective Posture (MOPP) Methodology

4¹⁵

0^{15, 16}

3^{15, 17}

1^{15, 18}

0¹⁹

Unit Staff

4²⁰

0²¹

3^{20, 22}

0²³

2^{20, 24}

Near/Mid

Individual Protection

2.3

N/A

2.7

2.0

1.3

Respiratory/Ocular Protection

4¹

N/A

4^{2, 25}

3³

2⁴

Percutaneous Protection

3⁵

N/A

4^{6, 25}

3⁷

2⁸

Medical Protection

0⁹

N/A

0⁹

Collective Protection

2.0

N/A

2.0

Mobile COLPRO

0¹⁰

0¹¹

N/A

0¹¹

1¹²

14, 25, 26

Fixed-Site COLPRO

0¹³

N/A

1¹²

MOPP

4¹⁵

0^{15, 16}

3^{15, 17}

1^{15, 18}

0¹⁹

20, 22, 25, 26

20, 24, 27

Unit Staff

4²⁰

4^21, ^{25, 26}

0²³

Far

Individual Protection

2.3

N/A

3.3

2.0

1.3

Respiratory/Ocular Protection

4¹

N/A

5^{2, 25}

3³

2⁴

Percutaneous Protection

3⁵

N/A

5^{6, 25}

3⁷

2⁸

Medical Protection

0⁹

N/A

0⁹

Collective Protection

2.5

N/A

2.5

Mobile COLPRO

0¹⁰

0¹¹

N/A

0¹¹

1¹²

Fixed-Site COLPRO

0¹³

5^21, ^{25, 26}

N/A

5^{14, 25, 26}

1¹²

MOPP

4¹⁵

0^{15, 16}

3^{15, 17}

1^{15, 18}

0¹⁹

20, 22,25, 26, 27

Unit Staff

5^{20, 27}

21, 25, 26, 27

0²³

5^{20, 24, 27}

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Chapter 13 Tactical Shield Tasks

System/Measure

Overall

Current Overall Capability

Near/Mid-Term Overall Capability

Far-Term Overall Capability

FAA Measure

Scale

Plans established for protecting

8-10: Plans, policies, and procedures provide clear and specific guidance for the provision of CBRND protective

detainees, civilians, and other

measures, equipment, and training to detainees (with and without CBRND articles and personal effects

identified groups from CBRN/TIM

authorized under the appropriate Geneva Convention), eligible civilians, and other plan identified and similar

effects.

groups. Resources are allocated and in place for the effective accomplishment of this task. Forces are trained and

equipped to provide CBRND protection as outlined in the appropriate plans, policies, and procedures.

4-7: Plans provide general guidance and information for the provision of CBRND protective equipment and

training to detainees (with and without CBRND articles and personal effects authorized under the appropriate

Geneva Convention), eligible civilians, and other plan identified and similar groups. Resources are allocated and

available for the accomplishment of this task. Forces are trained and equipped to support CBRND protection of

these groups.

1-3: Plans reference doctrine and policy on the provision of CBRND protective equipment to detainees (with and

without CBRND articles and personal effects authorized under the appropriate Geneva Convention), eligible

civilians, and other similar groups. Forces are trained on doctrine and policy regarding CBRND protection of

these groups.

0: Plans do not address the provision of CBRND protection for detainees, eligible civilians, and similar groups.

Eligible non-force members are

8-10: CBRND COLPRO is available, allocated, in place, and provides protection from all CBRN agents and

protected using COLPRO.

high-risk TIMs for all sheltering eligible non-force members.

4-7: CBRND COLPRO is available, allocated, in place, and provides protection from all CBRN warfare agents

and selected high-risk TIMs for sheltering eligible non-force members.

1-3: CBRND COLPRO is available, allocated, in place, and provides protection against all CBRN warfare

agents for sheltering eligible non-force members.

0: CBRND COLPRO is not allocated and in place for sheltering eligible non-force members.

Eligible non-force members are

8-10: Eligible non-force members are trained, equipped, and possess ready access to CBRND protective

protected using IPE.

measures and equipment.

4-7: Mission support eligible civilians and at-risk eligible civilians are trained, equipped, and possess ready

access to CBRND protective measures and equipment.

1-3: Training, equipping, and ready access to CBRND protective measures and equipment is limited to select

groups.

0: Training, equipping, and ready access to CBRND protective measures and equipment is nonexistent.

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Detained personnel possess or are

8-10: Detained personnel are trained, equipped, and possess ready access to COLPRO and immediate

provided individual protection

identifiable IPE for protection against CBRN/TIM agent exposure.

and/or collective protection against

4-7: Detained personnel are equipped and possess access to COLPRO and/or identifiable IPE for protection

exposure to CBRN/TIM agents.

against CBRN/TIM agent exposure.

1-3: Detained personnel are equipped and possess access to IPE for protection against CBRN/TIM agent

exposure.

0: Detained personnel are not equipped or possess access to IPE.

There is effective DOTMLPF in

8-10: DOTLPF exists and is adequate for this task. Task can be effectively performed with little or no direct

place to conduct task.

impact upon operations.

4-7: Most critical aspects of DOTLPF for this task are addressed. Task can be performed with limitations

requiring work-arounds.

1-3: DOTLPF is inadequate for accomplishment of this task.

0: DOTLPF does not exist for this task.

¹ Plans exist in selected HTAs for the protection of eligible civilians, primarily civilians not supporting operations, using existing and obsolescing force standard and limited

acquired COTS respiratory/ocular protective assets. At the direction of the commander, stocks of force equipment and consumables may be applied to offset shortages in

equipment for the short term. Current plans for operations outside the United States call for the evacuation of eligible civilians to safe areas outside the AO. Civilians supporting

the mission and remaining within the AO, particularly non-U.S. personnel, however, are not adequately addressed for the provision of military force-equivalent CBRND IPE.

Civilians supporting the mission within the United States and its governed territories are governed by OSHA requirements. However, equipage of these personnel is currently

restricted to selected activities and functions. Most civilian personnel, both those performing mission support and not, are not equipped and trained for survival in a CBRN/TIM

environment. Plans for the collection and housing of EPWs and detained civilians envision locations far to the rear or outside the AO. However, these personnel are required to be

furnished and afforded protection throughout their custody, not just the period of long-term containment. EPWs governed by the Geneva Convention for the Treatment of Prisoners

of War, are permitted to retain personal effects and protective equipment such as CBRN protective masks and clothing. However, both governing Geneva Conventions for

prisoners of war (POWs) and civilians require the detaining force protect the detainees. The U.S., as a signatory of the Conventions, is obligated to provide protective assets to

these personnel if they do not possess protective respiratory/ocular devices and working stocks were not captured from the adversary. Consequently, the U.S. must provide

protection from the point of capture until release. Stocks designed to support force operational needs would be subject to issue if a threat exists. EPW-designated IPE, including

respiratory/ocular protection, which is clearly identifiable, does not exist and the potential is present for confusion in identification between EPW and force members. Current

planning does not consider this potential force impacting issue.

² Civilians supporting the mission within the United States and its governed territories are governed by OSHA requirements. However, equipage of these personnel is currently

restricted to selected activities and functions such as hazardous materials response teams, EMS, fire department, etc. Most civilian personnel, both those performing mission

support and not, are not equipped and trained for survival in a CBRN/TIM environment. Force stocks are also applied during operations directed by national authorities requiring

rapid response for the evacuation and/or protection of designated personnel or groups. Civilians not supporting the mission in selected HTAs are provided CBRND respiratory/

ocular protection using obsolescing force standard (M17 series masks with M13 series filters) and limited acquired COTS respiratory/ocular protection. Additional assets must be

pulled from force stocks should the available designated assets be depleted. At the direction of the commander, stocks of force equipment and consumables may be applied to

offset shortages in equipment for the short term. Civilians on U.S. installations and facilities within the United States and its territories are generally not equipped with CBRND

respiratory/ocular protection. However, the Guardian Program is reviewing FP protective measures at U.S. installations and facilities for civilian personnel and will be addressing

these issues for critical members of the installation/facility populace. The Guardian Program, however, is not likely to address non-U.S. personnel supporting operations and

civilians protected under a national authority-directed evacuation/protection rapid response operation.

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³ EPWs governed by the Geneva Convention for the Treatment of Prisoners of War, are permitted to retain personal effects and protective equipment such as CBRN protective

masks and clothing. However, both governing Geneva Conventions for POWs and civilians require the detaining force protect the detainees. The U.S., as a signatory of the

Conventions, is obligated to provide protective assets to these personnel if they do not possess protective IPE and working stocks were not captured from the adversary.

Consequently, the U.S. must provide protection from the point of capture until release. Stocks designed to support force operational needs would be subject to issue if a threat

exists. EPW-designated IPE that is clearly identifiable does not exist and the potential is present for confusion in identification between EPW and force members. Current planning

does not consider this potential force impacting issue. Plans for the collection and housing of EPWs and detained civilians envision locations far to the rear or outside the AO.

However, these personnel are required to be furnished and afforded protection throughout their custody, not just the period of long-term containment.

⁴ Doctrine, policy, procedures, TTPs, and planning are inadequate to afford effective CBRND respiratory/ocular protection to detainees, civilians, and other identified groups.

Eligible civilians are not defined, the provision of CBRND measures and material to other than U.S. military members is not sufficiently addressed, and current DOTLPF does not

reflect and support the changing nature of the force. DOTLPF providing guidance for CBRND of detainees does not exist.

⁵ Plans exist in selected HTAs for the protection of eligible civilians, primarily civilians not supporting operations, using existing and obsolescing force standard and limited

acquired COTS percutaneous protective assets. At the direction of the commander, stocks of force equipment and consumables may be applied to offset shortages in equipment for

the short term. Current plans for operations outside the United States call for the evacuation of eligible civilians to safe areas outside the AO. Civilians supporting the mission and

remaining within the AO, particularly non-U.S. personnel, however, are not adequately addressed for the provision of military force equivalent CBRND IPE. Civilians supporting

the mission within the United States and its governed territories are governed by OSHA requirements. However, equipage of these personnel is currently restricted to selected

activities and functions. Most civilian personnel, both those performing mission support and not, are not equipped and trained for survival in a CBRN/TIM environment. Plans for

the collection and housing of EPWs and detained civilians envision locations far to the rear or outside the AO. However, these personnel are required to be furnished and afforded

protection throughout their custody, not just the period of long-term containment. EPWs governed by the Geneva Convention for the Treatment of Prisoners of War, are permitted

to retain personal effects and protective equipment such as CBRN protective masks and clothing. However, both governing Geneva Conventions for POWs and civilians require

the detaining force protect the detainees. The U.S., as a signatory of the Conventions, is obligated to provide protective assets to these personnel if they do not possess protective

respiratory/ocular devices and working stocks were not captured from the adversary. Consequently, the U.S. must provide protection from the point of capture until release. Stocks

designed to support force operational needs would be subject to issue if a threat exists. EPW-designated IPE, including percutaneous protection, which is clearly identifiable, does

not exist and the potential is present for confusion in identification between EPW and force members. Current planning does not consider this potential force impacting issue.

⁶ Civilians supporting the mission within the United States and its governed territories are governed by OSHA requirements. However, equipage of these personnel is currently

restricted to selected activities and functions such as hazardous materials response teams, EMS, fire department, etc. Most civilian personnel, both those performing mission

support and not, are not equipped and trained for survival in a CBRN/TIM environment. Force stocks are also applied during operations directed by national authorities requiring

rapid response for the evacuation and/or protection of designated personnel or groups. Civilians not supporting the mission in selected HTAs are provided CBRND percutaneous

protection using obsolescing force standard and limited acquired COTS respiratory/ocular protection. Additional assets must be pulled from force stocks should the designated

assets be depleted. At the direction of the commander, stocks of force equipment and consumables may be applied to offset shortages in equipment for the short term. Civilians on

U.S. installations and facilities within the United States and its territories are generally not equipped with CBRND respiratory/ocular protection. However, the Guardian Program is

reviewing FP protective measures at U.S. installations and facilities for critical civilian personnel and will be addressing these issues. The Guardian Program, however, is not likely

to address non-U.S. personnel supporting operations and civilians protected under a National authority-directed evacuation/protection rapid response operation.

⁷ EPWs governed by the Geneva Convention for the Treatment of Prisoners of War, are permitted to retain personal effects and protective equipment such as CBRN protective

masks and clothing. However, both governing Geneva Conventions for POWs and civilians require the detaining force protect the detainees. The U.S., as a signatory of the

Conventions, is obligated to provide protective assets to these personnel if they do not possess protective IPE and working stocks were not captured from the adversary.

Consequently, the U.S. must provide protection from the point of capture until release. Stocks designed to support force operational needs would be subject to issue if a threat

exists. EPW-designated IPE that is clearly identifiable does not exist and the potential is present for confusion in identification between EPW and force members. Current planning

does not consider this potential force impacting issue. Plans for the collection and housing of EPWs and detained civilians envision locations far to the rear or outside the AO.

However, these personnel are required to be furnished and afforded protection throughout their custody, not just the period of long-term containment.

⁸ Doctrine, policy, procedures, TTPs, and planning are inadequate to afford effective CBRND percutaneous protection to detainees, civilians, and other identified groups. Eligible

civilians are not defined, the provision of CBRND measures and material to other than U.S. military members is not sufficiently addressed, and current DOTLPF does not reflect

and support the changing nature of the force. DOTLPF providing guidance for CBRND of detainees does not exist.

⁹ Doctrine, policy, procedures, TTPs, and planning do not address the provisioning of CBRND medical countermeasures to nonmilitary members.

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¹⁰ Plans do not adequately address the provisioning of mobile COLPRO systems for the protection of nonoperational personnel and predominantly rely upon IPE and evacuation

for these personnel in HTAs and the AO. Civilians supporting the mission are not considered separately, but are included in unit mobile sheltering requirements if integrated into a

force unit. COLPRO for other civilians supporting the mission (e.g., Host-nation personnel, contractor employees, third-party nationals, etc.) is generally not planned or provided.

Mobile COLPRO within the United States and its territories is predominantly confined to deployable unit warfighting resources and selected Homeland Defense response

activities. LHA/LHDs and selected grey-water combatant vessels are outfitted with CITADEL COLPRO. These systems are dedicated to vessel crew and operations, but may be

applied to protect otherwise unprotected personnel.

¹¹ Current mobile COLPRO systems are predominantly integrated into selected combat vehicles/vessels and do not support the protection of detainees, civilians, and other eligible

or identified groups. The only currently fielded land-based mobile COLPRO is CBPS. The CBPS system is available on a mobile platform and can provide a limited number of

people protection. The CBPS consists of a dedicated M1113 HMMWV with an LMS mounted on the back and provides a highly mobile, contamination-free, environmentally

controlled work area for forward deployed medical units. The CBPS has been fielded to treatment squads, forward surgical teams, and medical companies. Four personnel are

required to operate the CBPS. However, these systems are limited in supply and are generally dedicated to medical and C4ISR operations.

¹² Doctrine, policy, procedures, TTPs, and planning are inadequate to afford effective CBRND COLPRO protection to detainees, civilians, and other identified groups. Eligible

civilians are not defined, the provision of CBRND measures and material to other than U.S. military members is not sufficiently addressed, and current DOTLPF does not reflect

and support the changing nature of the force. DOTLPF providing guidance for CBRND of detainees does not exist.

¹³ Plans do not adequately address the provisioning of mobile COLPRO systems for the protection of nonoperational personnel and predominantly rely upon IPE and evacuation

for these personnel in HTAs and the AO. Civilians supporting the mission are not considered separately, but are included in unit sheltering requirements if integrated into a force

unit. COLPRO for other civilians supporting the mission (e.g., host-nation personnel, contractor employees, third-party nationals, etc.) is generally not planned or provided.

¹⁴ The USMC MGPTS with CB Protective Liner System provides a positive-pressure, filtered-air, toxic-free shelter for protection against CBRN agents. However, there are

insufficient quantities to protect detainees, civilians, and other identified groups from CBRN/TIM effects. The CP-DEPMEDS provides a clean, toxic-free, environmentally

controlled, patient treatment area and the components are designed to integrate as field hospitals. They are packaged as a set for deployment to threat areas for hospital operations.

The entire composite hospital consists of expandable tentage, passageways, environmental control units, and ISO shelters. The CP-DEPMEDS exist in very limited quantities.

Although it could be applied to provide COLPRO to the task identified groups, its designed and primary function is that of medical care. A similar COLPRO is the USAF’s CP-

EMEDS, which is an air-transportable medical facility deployable in various configurations from a single shelter to a 25-bed patient hospital. The CP-EMEDS is in a very limited

number and, like the CP-DEPMEDS, is designed for its primary function of the provision of medical care. The USAF CP-SSS is a small-scale CPS applied for the conduct of C2

operations, maintenance of critical equipment, force beddown, and the provision of R2 for sortie generators and key leadership. This shelter is in limited supply and unlikely

sufficient quantities would be available to support a group of any size, especially during operations against an adversary. The M20/M20A1 SCPE is a lightweight, modular system

involving a liner designed for inflation within a room or building. The M20A1 serves to bridge the gap between the M20 SCPE and CBPS. Quantities are limited and are not likely

to be available during operations against an adversary. Current COLPRO systems are not available in the quantities and types necessary to support the protection of eligible

civilians and detainees. Current plans generally do not address the application of COLPRO to non-force personnel and do not allocate the limited COLPRO resources to this

activity. Fixed-site COLPRO within the United States and its territories is predominantly designed for nuclear fallout and does not address other CBRN/TIM hazards and threats

arising after September 11, 2001. Selected critical key facilities are equipped with CBRN COLPRO, but are not available to other than designated personnel. Fixed-site CBRN

COLPRO is installed in facilities housing selected activities and functions within HTAs. However, these facilities are dedicated to critical operational requirements and restricted

to assigned and designated personnel. However, the Guardian Program is reviewing FP protective measures at U.S. installations and facilities for critical civilian personnel and will

be addressing these issues. The Guardian Program, however, is not likely to address non-U.S. personnel supporting operations and civilians protected under a national authority-

directed evacuation/protection rapid response operation. The projected mid-term fielding of JECP may alleviate COLPRO shortages but will likely be insufficient to satisfy both

operational and eligible civilian sheltering needs.

¹⁵ Plans incorporate MOPP levels and methodologies are adjustable to meet local operations and threat needs. MOPP levels and methodologies are generally considered to apply to

equipped nonmilitary personnel. Plans within HTAs may incorporate this perception. However, doctrine, policy, procedures, and TTPs do not address their application to these

personnel.

¹⁶ Nonmilitary personnel are generally not trained and fully integrated into exercises and evaluations requiring the use of COLPRO as relates to the appropriate MOPP levels.

¹⁷ Nonmilitary personnel are generally not trained, equipped, and fully integrated into exercises and evaluations requiring the use of IPE at the appropriate MOPP levels.

Designated nonmilitary personnel performing selected functions and activities (e.g., EMS, fire department, etc.) are trained, equipped, and exercised/evaluated.

¹⁸ Detained personnel may not be cognizant of U.S. MOPP levels and their associated actions. Alternative designations and training may be required to enhance detainee survival.

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¹⁹ Doctrine, policy, procedures, and TTPs do not address the application of MOPP levels and associated training and equipping of non-U.S. military personnel. DOTLPF providing

guidance for CBRND of detainees does not exist.

²⁰ Unit staff personnel planning is guided by current doctrine, policy, procedures, and TTPs. Select HTA doctrine does provide limited guidance on the provisioning of protection

to in-place, known, eligible civilians not supporting the mission (e.g., military dependents, etc.). However, the emphasis within HTAs is upon short-term protection until

evacuation. Planning for the provision of CBRND to nonmilitary personnel is a combination of known available assets not otherwise committed to operations, threat, number of

persons involved, ability to protect the target population, available relocation resources, expected time to move the population, and expected operational demands. DOTLPF

providing guidance for CBRND of detainees does not exist. The protection of non-force members within the United States and its territories is constrained by available protective

resources and impacted by OSHA requirements for nonuniformed personnel. Staff training, processes, and planning/operating guidance do not adequately consider civilians

supporting the mission and remaining within the AO, particularly non-U.S. personnel. The provisioning and standards for civilians performing mission support tasks, activities, and

functions are not adequately addressed for the provision of military force equivalent CBRND IPE where and when appropriate. Civilians supporting the mission within the United

States and its governed territories are governed by OSHA requirements. Staff personnel representing selected activities such as fire department, EMS, and other similar standard

response functions are aware and knowledgeable of OSHA requirements and are involved in staff planning and operational processes. However, equipage of these personnel is

currently restricted to selected activities and functions. Further, host-nation standards and requirements similar to OSHA may exist and apply to non-U.S. personnel, activities, and

functions supporting the mission and are not generally known to the staff. Most civilian personnel, both those performing mission support and not, are not addressed in planning

for survival and operations within a CBRN/TIM environment.

²¹ Availability of COLPRO for other than operational needs is not a consideration the unit staff can reasonably expect or build into plans. However, the Guardian Program is

reviewing FP protective measures at U.S. installations and facilities for critical civilian personnel and will be addressing these issues. The Guardian Program, however, is not likely

to address non-U.S. personnel supporting operations and civilians protected under a National authority-directed evacuation/protection rapid response operation. The projected mid-

term fielding of JECP may alleviate COLPRO shortages but will likely be insufficient to satisfy both operational and eligible civilian sheltering needs.

²² Unit staff planners in selected HTAs do address the short-term protection of nonmilitary personnel not supporting the mission. However, the equipping and training of civilians

supporting the mission is not adequately defined and addressed for planning action by unit staff planners and supporting functions. However, the Guardian Program is reviewing

FP protective measures at U.S. installations and facilities for critical civilian personnel and will be addressing these issues. The Guardian Program, however, is not likely to address

non-U.S. personnel supporting operations and civilians protected under a National authority-directed evacuation/protection rapid response operation. The projected mid-term

fielding of JECP may alleviate COLPRO shortages but will likely be insufficient to satisfy both operational and eligible civilian sheltering needs.

²³ DOTLPF providing guidance for CBRND of detainees does not exist.

²⁴ Doctrine, policy, procedures, and TTPs do not address the application of MOPP levels and associated training and equipping of non-U.S. military personnel other than for

selected personnel, functions, and activities such as fire department, EMS, and similar entities. DOTLPF providing guidance for CBRND of detainees does not exist.

²⁵ Improvements are expected as a result of the Guardian Program as assets are identified and fielded for critical civilian personnel. However, protection of the general population

is not likely to be addressed.

²⁶ The projected fielding of JECP in the mid term includes adaptive/insertive COLPRO for existing tentage and facilities. Quantities to be fielded of these systems has not been

determined.

²⁷ Continued Guardian Program progress and corresponding development of associated detailed DOTLPF is expected to address the protection of the critical nonmilitary populace

at U.S. facilities and installations. The Guardian Program, however, is not likely to address non-U.S. personnel supporting operations and civilians protected under a National

authority-directed evacuation/protection rapid response operation. Further, the Guardian Program is not expected to address detainees.

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13.5.3

Functional Solutions Analysis

13.5.3.1

DOTLPF Assessment Summary

This section addresses the deficiencies and suggests potential non-materiel solutions. If there are

no non-materiel solutions, or they are only partial solutions, the remaining non-materiel need is

then stated. Materiel needs are assessed in the IMA section.

Deficiency: The definition of “eligible civilians” is not clear.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Define “eligible civilians” supporting the

mission/military operations for CBRND and establish their inclusion in the force within

doctrine, policy, procedures, and TTPs. Define other eligible civilians and their relationship

to the force, protection afforded by the force, and obligations of the force and the target

population. Organization: Identify organizational services dependent upon civilians for

mission/military operations success. Identify organization services and activities necessary to

support survivability of eligible civilians, detainees, evacuees, and other designated/identified

groups. Training: Establish CBRND training, exercise, and evaluation criteria and programs

for eligible civilians, detainees, evacuees, and other designated/identified groups; and

conduct CBRND training, exercises, and evaluations. Leadership: Implement and manage

CBRND training, equipping, and protection of eligible civilians, detainees, evacuees, and

other designated/identified groups. Personnel: Ensure that eligible civilians supporting the

mission/military operations are qualified in CBRND and capable of performing their

responsibilities in a CBRN/TIM environment. Facilities: Develop supporting infrastructure

for eligible civilian, detainees, and other designated group CBRND (e.g., logistics, medical,

training, communications, security, etc.).

Deficiency: The command staffs do not possess clear guidance for planning and providing

CBRN/TIM protection training and CBRND protection resources to eligible civilians,

detainees, evacuees, and other non-U.S. military identified groups.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Promulgate doctrine, policy, and procedures addressing

civilian personnel, detainees, non-U.S. personnel, and other groups and operations for

CBRND. Organization: Identify organizational services and activities supporting the mission

performed by civilian personnel and operations. Address organizational issues (e.g., who

provides the equipment, support forces to train and equip, etc.) related to the provision of

CBRN/TIM protection to eligible civilians, detainees, evacuees, and other identified groups.

Training: Establish CBRND training, exercise, and evaluation criteria and programs for

eligible civilians, detainees, and other designated personnel. Conduct CBRN/TIM training,

exercises, and evaluations including these groups, where appropriate. Leadership: Implement

and manage CBRND training, equipping, and protection of eligible civilians, detainees, and

other designated personnel. Personnel: Ensure that eligible civilians supporting the

mission/military operations are qualified in CBRND and capable of performing their

responsibilities in a CBRN/TIM environment. Facilities: Develop supporting infrastructure

for eligible civilian, detainees, and other designated group CBRND (e.g., logistics, medical,

training, communications, security, etc.).

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Deficiency: DOTLPF is inadequate or nonexistent addressing CBRND of eligible civilians,

detainees, evacuees, and other designated/identified groups.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Promulgate doctrine, policy, procedures, and TTPs

addressing CBRND of eligible civilians, detainees, evacuees, and other designated/identified

groups. Organization: Identify organization services and activities necessary to support

survivability of eligible civilians, detainees, evacuees, and other designated/identified groups.

Training: Establish CBRND training, exercise, and evaluation criteria and programs for

eligible civilians, detainees, evacuees, and other designated/identified groups; and conduct

CBRND training, exercises, and evaluations. Leadership: Implement and manage CBRND

training, equipping, and protection of eligible civilians, detainees, evacuees, and other

designated/identified groups. Personnel: Establish criteria and requirements that eligible

civilians supporting the mission/military operations are medically qualified to perform their

tasks in a CBRN/TIM environment using CBRND resources and are adequately trained in

CBRND and operations within a CBRN/TIM environment. Facilities: Develop supporting

infrastructure for eligible civilian, detainees, and other designated group CBRND (e.g.,

logistics, medical, training, communications, security, etc.).

Deficiency: Policies and plans do not adequately address the protection of eligible civilians,

detainees, evacuees, and other designated groups from CBRN/TIM.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Promulgate doctrine, policy, and procedures addressing

eligible civilians, detainees, evacuees, and other designated groups for CBRND. Includes

specific guidance for planning and operations involving these groups. Leadership: Ensure

awareness of need for planning and resource allocation for the protection of eligible civilians,

detainees, evacuees, and other designated groups from the effects of CBRN/TIM.

Deficiency: Eligible civilians, detainees, evacuees, and other identified groups are not

equipped and trained to survive a CBRN/TIM environment.

Partial Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Establish doctrine, policy, procedures, and TTPs

for the identification, equipping, preparing, training, and protection of eligible civilians,

detainees, evacuees, and other identified groups for survival and operations within a

CBRN/TIM environment. Organization: Ensure organizational consideration for

maintenance and support of eligible civilian, detainee, evacuee, and other identified group

CBRND protective equipment, measures, and activities. Training: Establish institutional and

unit training of eligible civilians supporting the mission for CBRND measures and activities.

Includes training of other civilians, detainees, evacuees, and other identified groups for

survival in a CBRN/TIM environment. Also includes integration into CBRND exercises and

evaluations. Leadership: Ensure awareness and planning for CBRND measures and

requirements for eligible civilian, detainee, evacuee, and other identified group survival.

Personnel: Ensure that eligible civilians supporting the mission/military operations are

qualified in CBRND and capable of performing their responsibilities in a CBRN/TIM

environment. Facilities: Develop supporting infrastructure for eligible civilian, detainees,

and other designated group CBRND (e.g., logistics, medical, training, communications,

security, etc.).

Deficiency: Most civilians are not equipped or have access to IPE for survival within a

CBRN/TIM environment. Detainees are likely not to possess IPE.

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Partial Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Establish in doctrine, policy, and procedures the

provisioning of civilians, evacuees, detainees, and other designated groups with CBRND that

addresses the variation within a potential population. Institute in doctrine, policy, and

procedures the central correlation of plans and taskings to identify eligible civilian, detainee,

evacuee, and other designated group CBRND support requirements for two or more

concurrent operations with threat with comparison to existing and programmed quantities

and types of CBRND systems and resources, to include replenishment and preposition of

CBRND assets for these groups. Organization: Ensure organizational consideration for

maintenance and support of eligible civilian, detainee, evacuee, and other identified group

CBRND protective equipment, measures, and activities. Training: Establish institutional and

unit training of eligible civilians supporting the mission for CBRND measures and activities.

Training of other civilians, detainees, evacuees, and other identified groups for survival in a

CBRN/TIM environment. Integrate into CBRND exercises and evaluations. Leadership:

Ensure awareness and planning for CBRND measures and requirements for eligible civilian,

detainee, evacuee, and other identified group survival. Personnel: Ensure that eligible

civilians supporting the mission/military operations are qualified in CBRND and capable of

performing their responsibilities in a CBRN/TIM environment. Facilities: Develop

supporting infrastructure for eligible civilian, detainees, and other designated group CBRND

(e.g., logistics, medical, training, communications, security, etc.).

Deficiency: Most civilians performing essential activities supporting operations are not

equivalently equipped to their military counterparts. This statement is particularly true of

contractors.

Partial Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Establish in doctrine, policy, and procedures the

application of standards for protection of eligible civilians supporting the mission/military

operations addressing the variation within the potential protected working populations.

Organization: Identify organizational services dependent upon civilians for mission/military

operations success. Training: Establish institutional and unit training of eligible civilians

supporting the mission for CBRND measures and activities. Integrate into CBRND exercises

and evaluations. Leadership: Implement and manage CBRND training, equipping, and

protection of eligible civilians. Personnel: Ensure that eligible civilians supporting the

mission/military operations are qualified in CBRND and capable of performing their

responsibilities in a CBRN/TIM environment. Facilities: Develop supporting infrastructure

for eligible civilians supporting the mission/operations CBRND (e.g., logistics, medical,

training, communications, security, etc.).

Deficiency: Short-notice NEO evacuation operations for other than existing areas prepared in

advance for NEO activities, are likely to necessitate the use of military force assets which

may provide inadequate protection for segments of the potential population (e.g., babies,

young children, disabled, etc.).

Partial Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Establish in doctrine, policy, and procedures the

application of standards for protection of evacuees during NEO operations with threat and

addressing the variation within the potential protected working populations. Leadership:

Awareness and ensure plans adequately address CBRND protection of evacuees during NEO

operations with threat. Facilities: Infrastructure supports the acquisitioning and provisioning

of COTS/GOTS material for the protection of evacuees.

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9. Deficiency: Prophylaxis for eligible civilians is not addressed.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Establish in doctrine, policy, and procedures

requirement to address the administration, provision, and application of medical CBRN/TIM

protective countermeasures by other than U.S. forces (e.g., civilians, non-U.S. forces,

detainees, etc.). Organization: Address organizational issues (e.g., who provides the

equipment, support forces to train and equip, etc.) related to the provision of CBRN/TIM

protection to eligible civilians, detainees, evacuees, and other identified groups. Training:

Include eligible civilians, detainees, and other identified groups in CBRND training,

exercises, and evaluations. Identify training requirements and responsibilities for non-U.S.

personnel. Leadership: Ensure leadership awareness of criticality and increased dependence

of military operations, requirements to protect detainees, and need to protect other

eligible/designated groups. Personnel: Require eligible civilians supporting the mission to

meet minimum standards for safe use of CBRND resources.

10. Deficiency: Availability of prophylaxis is questionable for issue and administration to

eligible civilians.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Establish in doctrine, policy, and procedures the

application of CBRND standards and prophylaxis for protection of eligible civilians

addressing the variation within a potential protected population. Training: Establish CBRND

training, exercise, and evaluation criteria and programs for eligible civilians and conduct

CBRN/TIM training, exercises, and evaluations, where appropriate. Leadership: Implement

and manage CBRND training, equipping, and protection of eligible civilians.

11. Deficiency: The issue and administration of prophylaxis to eligible civilians requires review

due to questions regarding applicability to the range of body types, ages, and physical/

medical factors inherent within a potential population, as well as possible long-term health

issues and legal ramifications.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Establish in doctrine, policy, and procedures the

application of CBRND standards and prophylaxis for protection of eligible civilians

addressing the variation within a potential protected population. Training: Establish CBRND

training, exercise, and evaluation criteria and programs for eligible civilians and conduct

CBRN/TIM training, exercises, and evaluations, where appropriate. Leadership: Implement

and manage CBRND training, equipping, and protection of eligible civilians.

13.5.3.2

IMA Assessment Summary

Table 13.5-2 is a list of ideas for material approaches and a corresponding description of each

idea. While current IPE could be used for mission essential civilians; the larger quantities

required meeting this task and the difficulties/hazards associated with it make IPE unrealistic.

Approaches need to focus on use of current COLPRO systems and developing field-expedient

and rapidly deployable systems. Table 13.5-3 identifies which of the material approaches might

address specific materiel deficiencies identified in the DOTMLPF assessment.

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Table 13.5-2. TASHLD 5: Materiel Approaches

Idea for Materiel Approach

Description

Procure/develop field-expedient

Procure COLPRO kits similar to those used for the Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness

COLPRO kits

Program for appropriate activities and requirements. This protective measure is currently provided

to populations located in the vicinity of chemical demilitarization sites. Other materials may be

adaptable and procured to establish COLPRO in existing structures. Develop field-expedient

COLPRO kits designed to adapt existing structures, tentage, etc., for the expansion of COLPRO

field capabilities and mission support and the provision of collective protection to the force,

critical functions and activities, maintenance and repair activities and functions, resources, etc.

Disposable COLPRO

Develop one-time-use COLPRO that is rapidly erected with little instruction, training, and effort

and affords term protection for critical activities and functions, maintenance and repair activities,

prelocated consumables, as well as personnel associated with this task.

Modular COLPRO

Develop modular COLPRO that can be erected in various configurations to protect various groups

of people separately by their designation (EPW, civilian, etc.); accommodates small to large

numbers of people; protects all critical activities and functions, MWAs, prelocated consumables,

and maintenance/repair activities; and addresses the commander’s intent.

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13.6

Task TASHLD 6: Provide safe, collectively protected environment for critical and

essential mission tasks and activities and for rest and relief

13.6.1

Functional Area Analysis

13.6.1.1

Definition

COLPRO provides a contamination-free (MOPP-free) environment where critical activities (e.g.,

command and control, communication, and maintenance of low-density assets) can be

performed, and provides MOPP relief for individuals and units. COLPRO may be included in a

fixed facility, transportable shelter, mobile-mounted shelter, vehicle, aircraft, ship, or an

expedient shelter. Entry/exit procedures must be strictly followed to prevent introducing

contamination into a CPS. A CPS is brought to fully operational condition if not done so prior to

an attack.

Because COLPRO assets are limited (if available at all), commanders must prioritize those

activities that are critical to battlefield success to be performed in CPS. Forces are rotated, when

and where possible, for rest and relief within CPS facilities or outside the hazard area. The

facility, vessel, or vehicular (air or ground) CPS clean air supply system is activated if COLPRO

filtration systems were not placed into operation prior to the event. Unoccupied vehicles (air and

surface) remain sealed to prevent the infiltration of contamination. Environmental Sheltering

with Reduced CB Hazard CPS is placed into operation. Prior to an actual attack, CPS may be

activated and the following tasks performed:

• CPSs are assessed and prepared for use. The commander may place a CPS into operation or

on standby for an anticipated attack.

• Facilities, vehicles, vessels, and aircraft are prepared wherever possible against infiltration of

a CBRN/TIM agent.

• Expedient shelters are established in facilities, vehicles, vessels, aircraft, etc., for protection

of resources. Expedient shelters may also be constructed using available materials.

13.6.1.2

Derivation

Joint Enabling Concept for CBRN Operations, An Operational Concept for Biological Defense,

Protection Joint Functional Concept, UJTL (TA 5, TA 7, TA 7.1).

13.6.1.2.1

Supported Task: OPSHLD 7

13.6.1.2.2

Lateral Task: TASHA 24

13.6.1.2.3

Supporting Task: N/A

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13.6.1.3

Condition

Perform this task under conditions of:

Physical

1. Undeveloped to highly developed land. (C1.1.1)

2. Riverine to open sea. (C1.2)

3. Natural and induced air. (C1.3)

4. Immediate to delayed danger, and potential long-term health hazard of atmospheric

weapons effects. (C1.3.3)

Military

1. Partially completed mission preparation. (C2.1.3)

2. Marginal forces. (C2.2)

3. Marginal to adequate forces allocated. (C2.2.3)

4. Negligible personnel experience. (C2.2.4.5)

5. Limited staff expertise. (C2.3.1.3)

6. Limited deployed supplies. (C2.8.2)

7. Limited CONUS resupply. (C2.8.3)

8. No prepositioned materiel. ( 2.8.4)

9. No host-nation support. (C2.8.5)

10. Negligible to limited commercial procurement. (C2.8.6)

Civil. N/A

13.6.2

Functional Needs Analysis

13.6.2.1

Capability and Deficiency Assessment Summary

Table 13.6-1 discusses current capabilities to perform the task to the designated standards. The

overall capabilities for current, near/mid, and far term are rated “yellow.” Although

improvements between the periods occur for specific capabilities and are reflected in the

associated identified values, the improved capabilities are not sufficient to change the overall

assessed color ratings for this task.

Current Capability and Deficiency

Current site COLPRO generally requires extensive site preparation and resources to erect,

operate, and strike but cannot be erected/striked in a CBRN/TIM environment. Mobile COLPRO

is a diversity of systems ranging from forced clean air systems to full COLPRO. However, their

application is limited. In general, current COLPRO is limited in quantity and does not adequately

support expeditionary and highly mobile maneuver operations, particularly those in an austere

environment with reduced logistical footprints. Most mobile platforms (including land, sea, and

air) are not equipped with COLPRO. This circumstance requires prioritization of available assets

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to address critical activities/functions and the application of IPE for CBRND. However, although

prioritization is applied for critical activities and functions, not all such requirements can be

satisfied with current COLPRO. Individual protection, therefore, remains the mainstay for

protection against CBRN/TIM agents. The Services currently field a variety of CBRND assets

providing respiratory/ocular, percutaneous, and COLPRO protection. This diversity of assets

complicates the logistical support of operations with threat for joint operations. Existing Service-

specific IPE is limited in the period and scope of protection afforded the warfighter.

Respiratory/ocular and percutaneous CBRND assets protect against known chemical and

biological warfare agents and particulate radiologicals. Protection is afforded to a select number

of TIMs. Physiological and psychological encumbrances increase with prolonged wear. Regular

exercising and wear to acclimate and adjust the wearer to enable performance of assigned

functions and activities are necessary and performed to reduce the impact of encumbrances and

subsequent degradation of performance.

Medical prophylaxes do exist for the protection of the warfighter against a limited number of

biological and chemical agents. However, few are FDA approved. A number possess IND

authorization for application. Medications are considered for their potential prophylactic value,

but are not always FDA approved for this purpose. Not all threat CBRN agents are addressed by

CBRND medical countermeasures. Efficacy, time to achieve a level of protection, and the

number of administrations vary between prophylaxes.

COTS protective assets are applied for selected eligible civilians such as hazardous materials,

firefighters, EMS, etc. However, eligible civilians (in general) and MWAs are not adequately

addressed by DOTLPF for CBRND. Clear DOTLPF addressing the CBRND provisioning and

training of eligible civilians is inadequate. MWAs are not afforded protection against the effects

of CBRN/TIM agents, including COLPRO. MOPP DOTLPF is adequate for military personnel

and operations. The establishment of adjustable MOPP levels, reflective of local operations and

threat, are well defined, as are continuing evaluation for change/adjustments. However,

operations increasingly involve U.S. and non-U.S. civilians. MOPP DOTLPF does not

adequately address their presence and inclusion into MOPP methodologies and levels,

particularly when these personnel may (or may not) be equipped with nonstandard IPE. DOTLPF

does address the need for R2 of non-COLPRO-protected personnel in a contamination/hazard-

free environment at least once every 24 hours. The methodology includes COLPRO, rotation to a

clean area, and other planned considerations. However, operational requirements may not

support this activity, particularly by engaged elements. Further, the largely manual current nature

of command operations inherently delays protective actions versus automation, further

complicated by the current stovepipe reporting and information flow as information flows

vertically without a corresponding horizontal flow for alerting/warning of CBRN/TIM agents.

Projected Near/Mid-Term Capability and Deficiency

JECP is projected to initially field during the mid term with three COLPRO systems primarily

addressing expeditionary operations. The P3I upgraded CBPS, JTCOPS, CP-DEPMEDS,

fielding of the JSLNBCRS variants, and backfit of LHA/LHD vessels are projected to include

COLPRO in the mid term. These systems, depending upon the quantity fielded, may provide

additional COLPRO to address critical needs. However, individual protection is projected to

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remain the principal method of CBRND. Future configurations focus on reducing psychological

and physiological stresses associated with the wearing of IPE, as well as striving for

commonality of form factor among all services to reducing the logistics burden, development

cost, and improved availability. The JPACE, JSLIST, JSAM, and JSGPM are projected to be

initially fielded during the mid term. The JSLIST is under review for NIOSH certification for

compliance with OSHA protective standards. The certification will permit application of the

garment for AT/FP installation activities within CONUS and selected OCONUS. The possibility

exists for potential application by requiring eligible civilians. Legacy Service-specific IPE will

remain in the inventory throughout the mid term and into the far term during the transition to the

joint IPE systems. Ongoing R&D into medical prophylaxes will provide additional prophylactic

measures but still fail to address all threat CBRN agents and high-threat/high risk TIMs

(particularly TICs). Otherwise, changes from current capabilities and deficiencies are not

projected.

Projected Far-Term Capability and Deficiency

The potential for COLPRO in the Future Tactical Lift Option builds upon the mid-term

COLPRO capabilities. As with the mid term, CBRND will continue to rely upon individual

CBRND protection against CBRN/TIM agents. Future configurations focus upon reducing

psychological and physiological stresses associated with the wearing of IPE, as well as striving

for commonality of form factor among all Services. The standardization of CBRND respiratory/

ocular and percutaneous protection which will reduce the logistics burden and development cost

and subsequently improve availability. Legacy Service-specific IPE will continue to be replaced

by the joint systems of CBRND protective equipment until fielding is complete to all Service

units, including Guard and Reserve, early in the far term. Next-generation IPE assets are in R&D

and are expected to be fielded sometime in the far term. However, specifics of design,

characteristics, and protective capabilities are not as yet determined for these systems. Continued

R&D into potential medical prophylaxes may result in additional protective measures for the

force. However, specifics are unknown at this time. Additional changes in capabilities from the

mid term are not projected.

13.6.2.2

Resource Systems

Individual Protection

1. Respiratory/Ocular Protection:

COTS: Commercially available systems of protection, manufactured and tested meeting

OSHA standards for the United States or equivalent organization in other nations.

M42 CB Protective Mask: U.S. Army mask system designed for military standard profile

and uses standard C-2 canister. M42 integrates with combat vehicle clean air supply

system and has a connectable dynamic microphone for combat vehicle intercom system.

M45 Aircrew Aviator Mask: Replaces M42 and M49 systems for U.S. Army. Available with

a canister-compatible hose assembly and a valve cassette that enables use of supplied air

(from aircraft, SCBA or PAPR). The M45 is used by military personnel who cannot fit

the M40A1, M42A2, or MCU-2/P masks.

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MCU-2A/P: Mainstay USAF and USN system for nonaviator personnel and aircrew

personnel not performing flight operations, except for aircrew personnel not issued

aviator systems and noncombat platforms/airframes without clean air supply systems.

Applies C-2 filter for filter air.

Joint Service General Purpose Mask (JSGPM): Initial fielding projected in the mid term

replacing Service-specific standard respiratory/ocular protective systems. Provides

respiratory/ocular protection from CBRN agents and selected TIMs. Improves field-of-

vision and encumbrances associated with existing Service systems.

Joint Service Chemical Environment Survival Mask (JCESM): COTS one-time use, one-

size-fits-all, respiratory/ocular protective system affording two hours of protection in

low-level CBRN vapor, aerosol, and particulate environments. Selected force element

application only.

Percutaneous Protection:

COTS: Commercially available systems of protection, manufactured and tested meeting

OSHA standards for the United States or equivalent organization in other nations.

Battle Dress Overgarment (BDO): U.S. Army/USAF two-piece camouflage-patterned

garment (top and trousers) providing 24-hour protection against CBRN agents in vapor,

liquid, droplet, and particulate forms.

Saratoga: USMC two-piece camouflage-patterned garment (top and trousers) providing 24-

hour protection against CBRN agents in vapor, liquid, droplet, and particulate forms.

Launderable for hygiene.

CPOG: Legacy two-piece green garment currently in use with USN providing limited-term

protection against CBRN agents in vapor, liquid, droplet, and particulate forms.

Chemical Protective Undergarment (CPU): Worn under standard IPE as additional layer of

protection against contact with CBRN agents.

BVO/GVO: Vinyl overboots (VO) worn over wearer’s standard footwear and protects

against contact with CBRN agents. Available in black (BVO) and green (GVO).

Chemical Protective Footwear Cover (CPFC): Legacy system of CBRN protective footwear

cover in use by USN. Requires wearer to pull protective sole tabs up and wrap/tie laces

around cover to secure over footwear.

Chemical Protective Glove (CPG): Standard CBRN protective glove. Available in 7-, 14-,

and 25-mil thicknesses addressing functional requirements for durability, dexterity, and

tactile sensitivity.

Chemical Protective Helmet System (CPHS): CBRN protective camouflage-patterned

helmet cover to protect helmet from contact with CBRN contaminants.

SCALP: Disposable, lightweight, impermeable overgarment designed for wear over IPE for

additional protection in grossly contaminated environments. Applied by personnel

required to leave protective sheltering in these environments to perform mission-critical

tasks. Also applied by decontamination units/teams and medical personnel performing

decontamination or potentially at risk for prolonged contact with liquids.

Wet-Weather Gear: Includes Severe-Weather Gear (USN). Provides barrier against contact

with liquids potentially damaging to protective abilities of IPE.

M-2 Apron: Butyl rubber-coated sleeved apron worn over IPE and applied by

decontamination units/teams and other designated personnel performing decontamination

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or potentially at risk for contact with liquids. Provides barrier against contact with liquids

potentially damaging to protective abilities of IPE. Decontaminable.

Joint Service Lightweight Integrated Suit Technology (JSLIST): Two-piece (jacket and

trousers) CBRN risk-taking protective garment with integrated hood. Affords protection

against selected TIM agents. Reduces physiological and psychological encumbrances

associated with existing Service-specific systems it replaces with initial fielding in the

mid term. Under review for NIOSH certification for OSHA protection standards.

Joint Block I/II Glove Upgrade (JB1/2GU): Projected fielding in near mid term replacing

CPG for designated force elements requiring increased tactility/durability for mission

performance. Various configurations under consideration.

Joint Firefighter Integrated Response Ensemble (JFIRE): Incorporates JSLIST into

firefighter bunker gear, permitting firefighters to conduct firefighting operations within a

CBRN/TIM environment.

Multi-purpose Overboot (MULO): Projected initial fielding in mid term and replacing

legacy CBRN footwear covers.

Medical Protection:

Vaccines: Immunizations providing a level of acquired immunity against the effects of

CBRN agents.

Topicals: Protective barrier products applied to the skin to enhance protection of wear

against contact with CBRN/TIM agents. Includes both inert and reactive materials.

Medications: Medical materials taken to mitigate or prevent the effects of exposure to

CBRN/TIM agents. Includes medications taken routinely or upon exposure (but prior to

symptom display) to build resistance/immunity or to mitigate/resolve medical impacts of

CBRN/TIM agent exposure/contamination.

COLPRO

1. Mobile COLPRO

CBPS: M1113 HMMWV-mounted COLPRO system consisting of a hardshell filtration,

power, and transport and expandable softshell tentage with contamination control

area/entry. The COLPRO unit is designated the Lightweight Multipurpose shelter (LMS).

Crewed Combat Vehicles (Ground): Two types of COLPRO. First supplies filter air using

forced clean air supply system. Requires wear of IPE and connection to crew mask. This

is the type of system in the M1A1 Abrams MBT. Second system is incorporates full

COLPRO and permits reduction of IPE during operation. JSLNBCRS is an example of

the second type of system.

Airframe Air Supply System: Provides clean air from compressed air storage system either

until aircraft is outside of contamination and airframe interior is flushed of vapor

contaminants or throughout flight operations.

CITADEL: System of protection installed with USN vessels to afford protection to selected

connected spaces including C4ISR, medical, and R2.

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Fixed-Site COLPRO

MGPTS: USMC Medium General Purpose Tent System (MGPTS) with CB Protective Liner

System designed for support of USMC operational C4ISR and R2.

CP-DEPMEDS: Component-based system of tentage, connective corridors, ISO containers,

etc., with COLPRO liners for configuration into field hospitals and includes supporting

power and utility systems, lighting, engine control units, and filtration systems. Large

system requiring extensive use of resources to prepare location, erect/strike, operate, and

maintain.

JTCOPS: Similar to CP-DEPMEDS, but for critical functions and activities of the force

(e.g., staff operations, aircrew housing and briefing, etc.).

CP-EMEDS: USAF air-transportable system similar to CP-DEPMEDS on a smaller scale

and configurable from one medical shelter to a 25-bed field hospital.

CP-SSS: USAF small-scale COLPRO transportable system designed to support C2

functions.

JECP: Projected program of COLPRO designed for application in highly mobile operations,

expeditionary operations, forced-entry operations, and/or to supplement larger-scale

COLPRO systems in support of operations. Consists of building/room and tentage insert

kits and small-unit stand-alone COLPRO kits.

M20/M20A1 SCPE: Lightweight and modular COLPRO system consisting of an inflatable

liner for insert into rooms or buildings.

Building integrated COLPRO systems: COLPRO systems designed and installed into

buildings as integral systems, usually facility construction. Post-construction installation

is based upon building design and COLPRO requirements. Varies between buildings

based upon applied technology, date of construction/installation, system engineering,

facility function, etc. Most existing facility COLPRO was established during Cold War

period.

MOPP Methodology: Stepped level of CBRND protective measures. Standardized levels permit

the rapid increase or decrease of unit MOPP level.

Unit Staff: The application of DOTLPF for all phases of operations with threat from preplanning

to post-force return to home stations. Includes all aspects of C2 and supporting staff activities/

functions (e.g., logistics, intelligence, etc.) enabling mission and task accomplishment.

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Table 13.6-1. TASHLD 6: Capability and Deficiency Assessment

System/Measure

M10

M11

M12

Current

Individual Protection

N/A

Respiratory/Ocular Protection

N/A

4¹

N/A

6²

N/A

3³

Percutaneous Protection

N/A

4⁴

N/A

6⁵

N/A

3³

Collective Protection

3.5

1.5

Mobile COLPRO

3⁶

6⁷

9⁶

0⁸

2⁹

0¹⁰

1⁶

0¹¹

6¹²

1⁶

6¹³

4^{8, 9,,14}

Fixed-Site COLPRO

5¹⁵

1¹⁶

9¹⁵

0⁸

0¹⁷

0¹⁰

2¹⁵

0¹⁸

6¹²

3¹⁵

6¹³

4^8,17,19

Mission-Oriented Protective

8²⁰

0⁸

0²¹

0¹⁰

8²⁰

0¹⁸

6²²

8²⁰

6²⁰

8²⁰

Posture (MOPP) Methodology

Unit Staff

8²³

6²⁴

9²³

0⁸

0²¹

0¹⁰

8²⁵

0¹⁸

8²⁶

8²³

8²⁷

6^23,25,26

Near/Mid-Term

Individual Protection

N/A

Respiratory/Ocular Protection

N/A

4^1,28

N/A

6²⁹

N/A

3³

Percutaneous Protection

N/A

4^4,30

N/A

6³¹

N/A

3³

Collective Protection

4.5

Mobile COLPRO

3^6,32

6⁷

9⁶

0³³

2⁹

0¹⁰

1⁶

0¹¹

6²

1⁶

6¹³

4^{8, 9,14}

Fixed-Site COLPRO

6^15,34

4^15,16,34,35

9¹⁵

0⁸

0¹⁷

1^10,36

3¹⁵

0¹⁸

6⁵

3¹⁵

6¹³

4^{8, 17,19}

MOPP

8²⁰

0⁸

0²¹

0¹⁰

8²⁰

0¹⁸

6²²

8²⁰

6²⁰

8²⁰

Unit Staff

8²³

8^24,37

9²³

0⁸

0²¹

0¹⁰

8²⁵

0¹⁸

8²⁶

8²³

8³⁸

6^23,25,26

Far-Term

Individual Protection

N/A

Respiratory/Ocular Protection

N/A

4^{1,28, 39}

N/A

6⁴⁰

N/A

3³

Percutaneous Protection

N/A

4^{4,30, 41}

N/A

6⁴²

N/A

3³

Collective Protection

5.5

2.5

6,32,43

Mobile COLPRO

6⁷

9⁶

0⁴⁴

2⁹

0¹⁰

1⁶

0¹¹

6²

1⁶

6¹³

4^8,9,14

15,34,45

15,16,34,35,45

Fixed-Site COLPRO

9¹⁵

0⁸

0¹⁷

2^10,36

4¹⁵

0¹⁸

6⁵

3¹⁵

6¹³

4^8,17,19

MOPP

8²⁰

0⁸

0²¹

0¹⁰

8²⁰

0¹⁸

6²²

8²⁰

6²⁰

8²⁰

Unit Staff

8²³

8^24,37

9²³

0⁸

0²¹

0¹⁰

8²⁵

0¹⁸

8²⁶

8²³

8⁴⁶

6^23,25,26

Overall

Current Overall Capability

Near/Mid-Term Overall

Capability

Far-Term Overall Capability

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FAA Measure

Scale

Critical activities and

8-10: All critical facilities and activities are equipped with operational COLPRO.

functions are afforded

4-7: Selected critical facilities and activities possess are equipped or possess access to operational COLPRO.

COLPRO.

1-3: Selected key critical facilities and activities are equipped or possess access to COLPRO.

0: Critical facilities and activities are not equipped or possess access to COLPRO.

Unit COLPRO systems are

8-10: COLPRO requires minimal unit resources to rapidly and safely erect, place into operation, and maintain upon

established/ operational

implementation instructions.

rapidly within receipt of

4-7: COLPRO requires the application of considerable unit resources to rapidly and safely erect, place into operation,

commander’s orders.

and maintain upon implementation instructions.

1-3: COLPRO requires significant unit and assistive resources to rapidly and safely erect, place into operation, and

maintain upon implementation instructions.

0: COLPRO cannot be rapidly and safely erected, placed into operation, and maintained upon implementation

instructions.

Priorities are established for

8-10: Detailed prioritization of available and appropriate COLPRO is established, implemented, and adjusted when

use of COLPRO assets.

necessary to support critical activities and functions, and the rotation of forces for rest and relief based upon mission,

criticality, threat, assessments, and resources.

4-7: General prioritization of COLPRO exists and is applied to the allocation of available COLPRO to critical activities,

functions, and force rest and relief.

1-3: Prioritization of available COLPRO is inadequate to address the allocation of available COLPRO to critical

activities, functions, and force rest and relief.

0: COLPRO prioritization is nonexistent.

Sustained operational

8-10: Sufficient and adequate COLPRO is available and operational to sustain operational capabilities within a

capability is achieved with

CBRN/TIM environment.

COLPRO.

4-7: Adequate operational capabilities are sustained for selected functions and activities with available and operational

COLPRO.

1-3: Sustained operational capabilities are seriously degraded and limited within a CBRN/TIM environment and are not

mitigated by the application of COLPRO.

0: Sustained operational capability is not supported by COLPRO and individual protection.

Unit COLPRO systems are

8-10: COLPRO is rapidly and safely erected/striked, placed in operation, and maintained within a CBRN/TIM

erectable within a

environment by personnel encumbered by IPE and with minimal resources.

contaminated environment

4-7: COLPRO is safely erected/striked, placed in operation, and maintained within a CBRN/TIM environment by IPE-

while encumbered by

encumbered personnel.

MOPP.

1-3: Selected COLPRO is safely erected/striked, placed in operation, and maintained within a CBRN/TIM environment

by IPE-encumbered personnel.

0: COLPRO cannot be rapidly and safely erected, placed into operation, and maintained by IPE-encumbered personnel.

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Unit and personnel are

8-10: Units and personnel are fully trained and routinely exercised and evaluated on the effective application of

trained and capable of

expedient COLPRO measures and equipment.

fabricating expedient

4-7: Units and personnel are fully trained and evaluated on the application of expedient COLPRO measures and

sheltering using available

equipment upon predeployment notification for operations with threat.

material and/or kits.

1-3: Units and personnel are provided limited training on the application of expedient COLPRO measures and

equipment.

0: Training, exercising, and evaluation of forces on the application of expedient COLPRO measures and equipment is

inadequate or nonexistent.

All personnel possess access

8-10: Units are adequately equipped with or have sufficient access to COLPRO to provide all personnel with R&R

to collective protection for

access more than once every 24 hours.

rest and relief in a 24-hour

4-7: Units are adequately equipped with or have sufficient access to COLPRO to provide all personnel with R&R

period.

access at least once every 24 hours.

1-3: Units are equipped with or have access to COLPRO to provide personnel with R&R access once every 24 hours.

0: Units are inadequately equipment and possess insufficient access to COLPRO to provide all personnel with R&R

access at least once every 24 hours.

Appropriate collective

8-10: COLPRO affording a minimum necessary and safe level of protection for maintenance of contaminated critical

protection for maintenance

items is available and in place and maintains support of OPTEMPO and operations.

precludes maintenance

4-7: COLPRO is available and in place affording reduced protection requirements for maintenance of contaminated

backlog resulting from

critical items essential to OPTEMPO and operations.

contaminated critical items

1-3: Limited COLPRO is available and in place supporting the maintenance of selected contaminated critical assets

not repairable due to lack of

essential to OPTEMPO and operations.

collectively protected

0: COLPRO does not exist to perform maintenance of contaminated critical assets.

maintenance facilities.

Operational activities and

8-10: Operational capabilities are maintained within a CBRN/TIM environment through the application of COLPRO

functions are not degraded/

and individual protection.

unavailable due to

4-7: Operational capabilities are degraded or limited within a CBRN/TIM environment but are supported by the

CBRN/TIM release.

application of COLPRO and individual protection.

1-3: IPE encumbrances and COLPRO availability impose serious impacts and limitations upon operational capabilities

and performance of functions and activities within a CBRN/TIM environment.

0: IPE encumbrances and COLPRO availability preclude operational capability and performance within a CBRN/TIM

environment.

M10

Forces are collectively

8-10: Forces are allocated and have in place CBRND COLPRO in required quantities and types and are afforded

protected against

protection from all CBRN agents and high-risk TIMs.

CBRN/TIM environment.

4-7: Forces are allocated and have in place CBRND COLPRO in sufficient quantities and types to afford protection

from all CBRN agents and selected high-risk TIMs.

1-3: Forces are allocated and have in place CBRND COLPRO in quantities and types to afford protection from all

CBRN warfare agents.

0: Forces are not allocated and have in place sufficient CBRND COLPRO quantities and types to afford protection from

CBRN agents.

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M11

Procedures prepared to

8-10: Detailed procedures and measures are in place for the decontamination and removal of contaminated resources

prevent spread of

during entry processing, and are checked by shelter personnel for compliance and presence of contamination, prior to

contamination into

accessing the contamination-free interior of the shelter and all force personnel are trained to perform the procedures and

collective protection

measures. The procedures and measures are posted, in brief, within the CCA as guidance and reference.

interior.

4-7: Designated shelter personnel receive detailed training on procedures and measures for the decontamination/

removal of entering contaminated resources and the conduct of checking for contamination presence, prior to release and

access to the contamination-free interior of the shelter and force personnel are provided limited training to perform the

procedures and measures under the direction of the overseeing shelter personnel. General procedures and measures are

posted, in brief, within the contamination control.

1-3: Shelter and force personnel are provided general guidelines and procedures and limited training for

decontamination and removal of contaminated resources during entry processing prior to accessing the contamination-

free interior of the shelter.

0: Procedures are not provided and personnel trained to preclude the introduction and spread of contamination within the

COLPRO contamination-free area.

M12

There is effective

8-10: DOTLPF exists and is adequate for this task. Task can be effectively performed with little or no direct impact

DOTMLPF in place to

upon operations.

conduct task.

4-7: Most critical aspects of DOTLPF for this task are addressed. Task can be performed with limitations requiring

work-arounds.

1-3: DOTLPF is inadequate for accomplishment of this task.

0: DOTLPF does not exist for this task.

¹ Doctrine, policy, procedures, training, exercises, and evaluations serve to build the capability of individuals to perform tasks while wearing respiratory/ocular protection.

However, the encumbrances associated with percutaneous protection do degrade performance and limit the conduct of certain tasks. Prolonged wear places stress upon the

individual and will impact performance. Doctrine, policies, procedures, TTPs, and training do not address the erection of COLPRO within a contaminated environment but do

address the operation and maintenance of COLPRO in a toxic environment. CBRND IPE is currently Service-specific and protects against all known CBRN warfare agents and

selected TIMs. Respiratory/ocular protection is diverse across the Services and performed functions. The M40/M42 CB Protective Mask is in service with the U.S. Army. The

mask uses the C-2 canister for filtration of CBRN contaminants. The M42 integrates with combat vehicle filtration protection system and has a dynamic microphone with cable for

connection to vehicle communications systems. The M45 Aircrew Aviator Mask replaced the U.S. Army M43 Type II and M49 Mask Systems. The system uses a low-profile

canister compatible hose assembly for both hose and face-mounted configurations. The mask system incorporates selectable filtration for support both during aircraft systems

activation and using the connectable filter pack. The mask also is applied to personnel who cannot be fitted with the standard M40A1, M42A2, or MCU-2A/P masks. The MCU-

2A/P is the mainstay USAF and USN mask employed by personnel not equipped with aircrew masks and by aircrew when not performing flight operations. The MCU-2A/P is also

used by aircrew during flight operations who are not equipped with aircrew masks. COTS equipment meeting OSHA requirements (and NFPA for firefighters) is applied by

selected civilian personnel performing specific functions such as firefighting, EMS, hazardous materials, etc.

² Doctrine, policy, procedures, training, exercises, and evaluations serve to build the capability of individuals to perform tasks while wearing respiratory/ocular protection.

However, the encumbrances associated with ocular/respiratory protection do degrade performance and limit the conduct of certain tasks. Prolonged wear places stress upon the

individual and will impact performance. Doctrine, policy, and procedures are inadequate for sustained operations within a CBRN/TIM environment, especially forces conducting

expeditionary operations in austere environments and possessing reduced logistical footprints.

³ Doctrine, policies, procedures, TTPs, and training do not address the erection of COLPRO within a contaminated environment but do address the operation and maintenance of

COLPRO in a toxic environment.

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⁴ Doctrine, policy, procedures, training, exercises, and evaluations serve to build the capability of individuals to perform tasks while wearing percutaneous protection. However,

the encumbrances associated with percutaneous protection do degrade performance and limit the conduct of certain tasks. Prolonged wear places stress upon the individual and will

impact performance. Doctrine, policies, procedures, TTPs, and training do not address the erection of COLPRO within a contaminated environment but do address the operation

and maintenance of COLPRO in a toxic environment. Service-specific CBRND percutaneous protection is currently applied for the protection of the force against known CBRN

warfare agents and selected TIMs. The BDO, used by the USAF and U.S. Army, is a two-piece garment providing protection for a 24-hour period against chemical agent vapors,

liquids, and droplets; biological agents and toxins and contact with radioactive particles. The BDO’s protective abilities are lost if the suit is torn, ripped, splashed with POL, or is

saturated with water and is designed for a one-time use and is worn by ground and most flight personnel (non-high-performance aircraft). The USMC uses the Saratoga COLPRO

suit similar in design to the BDO, but launderable for personnel hygiene. The CPOG is a legacy two-piece garment for protection against CBRN agents. The CPOG is in use with

the USN. The CPU is designed to provide an additional layer of protection for the warfighter and is worn under standard IPE. The BVO/GVO overboots are applied over the

wearer’s standard footwear to protect against contact with CBRND. The USN uses the CPFC, commonly called the “fishtail” for its design, to protect the wearer’s footwear. The

CPFC, considered obsolete, does provide a measure of antislip protection shipboard. Hand protection is provided by the CPG in 7-, 14-, and 25-mil thicknesses to meet warfighter

hand protection and dexterity needs. The CPHS is designed to prevent contact of the warfighter’s helmet with liquid contamination which may be absorbed, impact helmet

integrity, and/or constitute a potential secondary hazard to the wearer. Standard wet-weather gear (e.g., poncho, rain parka, rain suit, etc.) is also applied as a barrier against

saturation of the warfighter’s protective ensemble by contact with liquids such as rain, sea spray, etc. COTS assets meeting OSHA requirements (and NFPA for firefighters) are

applied by selected civilian personnel performing specific functions such as firefighting, EMS, hazardous materials, etc.

⁵ Doctrine, policy, procedures, training, exercises, and evaluations serve to build the capability of individuals to perform tasks while wearing percutaneous protection. However,

the encumbrances associated with percutaneous protection do degrade performance and limit the conduct of certain tasks (especially those associated with the repair and

maintenance of delicate and intricate assets). Prolonged wear places stress upon the individual and will impact performance. Doctrine, policy, and procedures are inadequate for

sustained operations within a CBRN/TIM environment, especially forces conducting expeditionary operations in austere environments and possessing reduced logistical footprints.

⁶Inadequate quantities of mobile COLPRO systems exist to support highly mobile and expeditionary operations with reduced footprint. Further, there is insufficient quantities of

COLPRO to protect all critical activities and functions within the force. Prioritization is required of the available resources. Current mobile COLPRO systems are predominantly

integrated into selected combat vehicles/vessels. Selected U.S. Naval combat vessels may be equipped with full COLPRO (CITADEL). However, these systems are generally

restricted to critical operations areas of the ships. The critical areas are contiguous in that they share common bulkheads and movement between areas is not prevented. CCAs are

operated in areas located between the covered areas and the remainder of the ship. These areas are designated. The remainder of the interior of the vessel uses the Circle William

concept. Circle William requires prior warning of the presence of a CBRN/TIM in the path of the ship or knowledge of an impending attack to be fully effective. This concept

requires the shutdown of the ventilation system and sealing of hatches, bulkheads, and other such openings to seal the interior of the vessel from intrusion by a CBRN/TIM.

However, the majority of these actions are performed manually and are initiated upon detection of the potential CBRN/TIM agent. There are concerns about the potential for large

amounts of a CBRN/TIM agent to be drawn in by the high-velocity ventilation systems and dispersed throughout the interior of the ship during the period between agent encounter

and completion of Circle William. There are concerns about the ability of the vessel to remain in Circle William until it is determined the vessel is no longer exposed to a

CBRN/TIM. U.S. Naval combat vessels with full COLPRO of their critical functions currently include the DDG-51 class of destroyers, selected LSDs (vessel hulls 44 through 52),

LHDs (vessel hulls 1 through 6), LHAs (vessel hulls 1 through 5), and four of the AOE-6 (vessel hulls 6 through 8 and 10) class ships. Submarines are considered fully protected

so long as they remain sealed and do not take in air. The LHD and LHA Amphibious Assault Ships are undergoing a COLPRO backfit of SCPE for their critical functions. Other

areas of these ships will use the Circle William Concept. Carriers, frigates, cruisers, DD-963 class destroyers, and other vessels not discussed earlier in note, do not currently afford

their critical functions full COLPRO. Naval hospital ships, U.S. Naval auxiliaries, and USCG vessels are not equipped with COLPRO. Areas critical to the safe operation of the

ship may not be protected against CBRN/TIMs. Ability of these vessels to successfully incorporate a concept similar to Circle William is a concern. There are also concerns about

the ability of these vessels to prevent infiltration of CBRN/TIM into their interior. Infiltration of vapors can cause a build up of concentrations within the vessel that could exceed

the levels surrounding the ship. U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) vessels are under the control and direction of DoD during a declared war. During peacetime, however, USCG is under

the auspices of the Department of Homeland Security. USCG vessels are often attached to U.S. operations overseas for port security, coastal patrol, and similar functions. USCG

personnel are also dispatched with military forces deploying overseas for peacekeeping and other operations. USCG vessels and personnel served in Vietnam, Haiti, Granada, and

other force deployments. The ability of USCG resources to effectively integrate into DoD operations involving potential CBRN/TIM events is a concern. Mobile COLPRO are

armored or soft-skinned vehicle-supported and -based systems. They include both ground and air platforms. The operation of the COLPRO may not be supported while the vehicle

is in motion. They may or may not include CBRN/TIM filtration systems. Mobile COLPRO run the full range of protective capabilities from passive to fully protective COLPRO.

The majority of vehicles qualify as passive COLPRO, provided the exchange of air between the interior and the exterior is limited. Mobile COLPRO systems generally do not

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provide protection for large numbers of personnel. Currently, the M1A1 Abrams MBT and the M93A1 FOX NBC Reconnaissance System Block I provide full COLPRO for their

crews. The CBPS is a general use fully protective COLPRO system mounted on an ECV HMMWV. The CBPS may be used for C4 operations, as aid stations, or for other needs.

A variety of Environmental Sheltering with Reduced CB Hazard (ESRCBH) CPS exists in a small percentage aircraft and other vehicles. The majority of these provide clean

filtered air through piping or hose systems. In both the ESRCBH CPS and passively protective COLPRO systems, the occupants must wear a minimum of respiratory/ocular

protection. Combat crewed vehicles are not generally equipped with CBRN/TIM filtration systems. These vehicles are not able to provide clean filtered air to crew and passengers

and thereby extend the operational capabilities of the force. Support vehicles are similar to combat vehicles in that they do not routinely have CBRN/TIM filtration systems.

Operators and passengers must, as with the combat vehicles, depend upon their IPE for clean air and protection. Unlike the combat-crewed vehicles, support vehicles generally are

more open for infiltration by CBRN/TIM agents. Most airframes are also not equipped with CBRN/TIM filtration systems. They are either open exchange (normally lower altitude

airframes) or provide the ability to switch to bottled air (usually jet aircraft). The concern is the aircrews are dependent upon the filtration systems of their IPE to provide clean

filtered air. This reduces the extended operational time of the aircrew to that of their IPE. A concern is the inability to conduct mobile combat operations and to move large

numbers of troops throughout a CBRN/TIM hazard area without the need to maintain them in IPE. Degradation of performance is a factor after a period of time wearing IPE.

⁷ Existing mobile COLPRO varies on the time period required to setup and establish operations. This may range from a few seconds (to activate system and manipulate switch to

transfer from open air to filtered) or to several hours for ground preparation and system setup. If the COLPRO systems are set up and in readiness for placement into operation, this

task can usually be accomplished quickly.

⁸ Doctrine, policies, procedures, TTPs, and existing COLPRO systems do not address and support sustained operations within a CBRN/TIM environment.

⁹ Mobile COLPRO systems installed as integral systems of combat systems can generally be placed into operation within a contaminated environment. However, selected systems

must be erected and/or require extensive preparation that must be performed within a clean environment. Doctrine, policies, procedures, and TTPs do not address the erection and

establishment of COLPRO within a contaminated environment. They are predicated upon these systems being prepared and in place prior to the presence of contaminants.

¹⁰ Expedient COLPRO (ECP) kits, procedures, and training do not currently exist.

¹¹ Mobile COLPRO for the maintenance of critical material does not exist.

¹² Limited COLPRO is available in type and quantity to support operations, particularly multiple operations with threat. Limitations are considered during planning and alternatives

are developed by the staff. The combination of IPE and available COLPRO provides flexibility to meet and maintain operational capability.

¹³ Doctrine, policy, procedures, and TTPs outline the steps and requirements for removal of exposed/contaminated articles and decontamination of entering personnel prior to

accessing the shelter interior. The CCA is located between the contaminated area and the shelter interior. All actions are taken in this area under the oversight of the designated and

trained shelter management personnel. The force is provided varying levels of training for processing through the CCA. This ranges from predeployment training, exercises, and

evaluations to briefings by the CCA personnel prior to entry. Procedures may be posted within the CCA for each processing station. Radiological monitoring is feasible for

checking for contamination on personnel completing the processing. However, chemical and biological detection and monitoring capabilities are limited for verification of

decontamination.

¹⁴ Inadequate quantities of mobile COLPRO systems exist to support highly mobile and expeditionary operations with reduced footprint. Further, there is insufficient quantities of

COLPRO to protect all critical activities and functions within the force. Prioritization is required of the available resources.

¹⁵ There is insufficient quantities of COLPRO to protect all critical activities and functions within the force. Prioritization is required of the available resources. The USMC

MGPTS with CB Protective Liner System provides a positive-pressure, filtered-air, toxic-free shelter for protection against CBRN agents. However, there are insufficient

quantities to protect all critical activities and functions from CBRN/TIM effects. The CP-DEPMEDS provides a clean, toxic-free, environmentally controlled, patient treatment

area and the components are designed to integrate as field hospitals. They are packaged as a set for deployment to threat areas for hospital operations. The entire composite hospital

consists of expandable tentage, passageways, environmental control units, and ISO shelters. The CP-DEPMEDS exist in very limited quantities. Although it could be applied to

provide COLPRO to the task identified groups, its designed and primary function is that of medical care. A similar COLPRO is the USAF’s CP-EMEDS, which is an air-

transportable medical facility deployable in various configurations from a single shelter to a 25-bed patient hospital. The CP-EMEDS is in a very limited number and, like the CP-

DEPMEDS, is designed for its primary function of the provision of medical care. The USAF CP-SSS is a small-scale CPS applied for the conduct of C2 operations, maintenance

of critical equipment, force beddown, and the provision of R2 for sortie generators and key leadership. This shelter is in limited supply and unlikely sufficient quantities would be

available to support a group of any size, especially during operations against an adversary. The M20/M20A1 SCPE is a lightweight, modular system involving a liner designed for

inflation within a room or building. The M20A1 serves to bridge the gap between the M20 SCPE and CBPS. Quantities are limited and are not likely to be available in any large

quantity during operations against an adversary. Current COLPRO systems are not available in the quantities and types necessary to support the protection of eligible civilians and

detainees. Current plans generally do not address the application of COLPRO to non-force personnel and do not allocate the limited COLPRO resources to this activity. Fixed-site

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COLPRO within the United States and its territories is predominantly designed for nuclear fallout and does not address other CBRN/TIM hazards and threats arising after

September 11, 2001. Selected critical key facilities are equipped with CBRN COLPRO, but are not available to other than designated personnel and specific functions and

activities. Fixed-site CBRN COLPRO is installed in facilities housing selected activities and functions within HTAs. However, these are not present for all critical activities and

functions. However, the Guardian Program is reviewing FP protective measures at U.S. installations and facilities and will address COLPRO for critical activities/functions. The

Guardian Program, however, is not likely to address field COLPRO operations.

¹⁶ Current site COLPRO requires significant resources, often involving assistive resources such as heavy construction equipment, to prepare the site and setup the system. Support

services such as utilities are often required. These operations are often large and complex involving more than the COLPRO structure itself. Existing site COLPRO systems cannot

be rapidly setup and placed into operation. However, if the COLPRO systems are setup and in readiness for placement into operation, this can usually be accomplished quickly.

¹⁷ Current site COLPRO systems are not designed or enabled for erection and/or striking within a CBRN/TIM environment. Doctrine, policies, procedures, and TTPs do not

support the erection and striking of COLPRO within a toxic environment. They predicate COLPRO establishment prior to the presence of contamination and striking after

decontamination within an otherwise clean environment.

¹⁸ Doctrine, policies, procedures, and TTPs do not address the application of COLPRO for maintenance of contaminated critical material with reduced IPE. Material must currently

be contaminated prior to entry into COLPRO.

¹⁹ There are insufficient quantities of COLPRO to protect all critical activities and functions within the force. Prioritization is required of the available resources.

²⁰ Plans incorporate MOPP levels and methodologies are adjustable to meet local operations and threat needs as determined by the commander. MOPP levels and methodologies

define protective requirements and readiness for various level of threat and include the activation and operation of COLPRO as well as the ear and readiness of IPE by the force.

MOPP levels and methodologies seek to protect the force through an integrated DOTLPF, COLPRO, and IPE scaled approach.

²¹ Doctrine, policies, procedures, and TTPs do not support the erection and striking of COLPRO within a toxic environment. They predicate COLPRO establishment prior to the

presence of contamination and striking after decontamination within an otherwise clean environment.

²² MOPP levels and methodologies provide flexibility for the adjustment of IPE to meet local operational and threat requirements. The intent is to achieve and maintain the lowest

level necessary for survival of the force and operational accomplishment. Adjustments are made as dictated by local circumstances. However, prolonged wear of IPE will degrade

performance.

²³Doctrine, policy, procedures, and TTPs combined with staff experience, training, and knowledge provide the basis for prioritization of allocation of limited COLPRO resources.

Not all critical activities and functions can currently be allocated COLPRO. Requirements must be balanced with operational needs, available resources, and alternative protective

capabilities. The staff functions formulate the allocation collaboratively and make recommendations to the commander for decisioning. The determinations are identified in plans

and disseminated to the force. Adjustments are made when necessary during operations or upon changes in available resources.

²⁴ Staff plans are initiated within the AO to support operations and are adjusted as necessary to address changes in resources, threat, and circumstances. COLPRO are sited,

prepared, and placed in readiness for operations to protect personnel, activities, and functions against the CBRN/TIM threat. The staff disseminates the alerting and warning to

subordinate elements to commence CBRND operations. Currently, the transmission and reception of CBRN/TIM hazard alarm, warning, and report information is performed

manually predominantly using ATP-45 formats and processes. Each unit is responsible for ensuring potentially or indirectly affected subordinate units are notified of the hazard.

This task is generally performed using nondedicated existing and available communications systems. Personnel are trained to react to these messages and to perform the

appropriate actions. The training is reinforced during deployment preparation for operations with a threat. However, adjacent units, particularly non-U.S. and often other U.S.

Services, may not receive alerts, warnings, and reports until these have been processed up through channels and then disseminated back down channels, creating unnecessary

delays with potential ramifications for OPTEMPO and unit survivability.

²⁵ Doctrine, policy, procedures, and TTPs require operational planning staffs consider and plan for the provision of at least one R2 within every 24-hour period for all force

members. This requirement addresses the protective life of current IPE and provides for IPE exchange, feeding, and other needs of the force which cannot be performed within a

CBRN/TIM environment. Staffs monitor and ensure resources are in place and available for support of the force commensurate with operational requirements and OPTEMPO.

Alternatives identified in existing literature include rotation of units on the line, partial rotation of personnel within a unit, and a dedicated COLPRO-equipped support unit which

travels the line.

²⁶ Unit staff planning and preparations include preparing the force for operations within a CBRN/TIM environment. Degradation is considered in the development of taskings, R2

requirements, and force application. MOPP levels are developed, implemented, and adjusted to meet local operational needs and threat. Constant evaluation of force activities is

performed for necessary changes and modifications to maintain force operational capabilities. Unit staff provides for R2 of personnel operating outside COLPRO at least once

every 24 hours within COLPRO. Staff also manages COLPRO allocation and operations for support of operational requirements and critical activities/functions.

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²⁷ Commander and staff planning and predeployment preparation include ensuring shelter personnel are designated and trained to perform their tasks in a CBRN/TIM environment.

Shelter operations are monitored and issues are addressed by the staff as necessary to ensure the safety and well-being of the force.

²⁸ Legacy systems will remain in the inventory throughout the mid term. These systems will be gradually replaced by new joint systems of respiratory/ocular protection as they are

fielded. The JSGPM also replaces current Service-specific ocular/respiratory protection. The system provides respiratory and ocular protection from CBRN agents and selected

TIMs. The field-of-vision is improved and encumbrances associated with legacy systems are reduced. The JSGPM incorporates state of the art technology and is designed to

integrate with future warfighter CBRND IPE and function equipment/assets. The Guardian Program is projected to review, assess, and implement protection for critical members

of the installation/facility populace during the mid term. This will predominantly be COTS-based assets for respiratory/ocular protection. However, the Guardian Program is not

expected to address eligible civilian protection within the AO for other than existing U.S. military installations and facilities.

²⁹ Doctrine, policy, procedures, training, exercises, and evaluations serve to build the capability of individuals to perform tasks while wearing respiratory/ocular protection.

However, the encumbrances associated with ocular/respiratory protection do degrade performance and limit the conduct of certain tasks. Prolonged wear places stress upon the

individual and will impact performance. Doctrine, policy, and procedures are inadequate for sustained operations within a CBRN/TIM environment, especially forces conducting

expeditionary operations in austere environments and possessing reduced logistical footprints.

³⁰ Legacy systems will remain in the inventory throughout the mid term. These systems will be gradually replaced by new joint systems of percutaneous protection as they are

fielded. The JSLIST NBC Protective Garment is a two-piece, risk-taking, overgarment with integrated hood affording protection against CBRN agents and selected TIMs. The

garment reduces the physiological and psychological encumbrances associated with legacy systems. The JSLIST is under evaluation by NIOSH for application to OSHA

protection requirements. The JPACE replaces the Service-specific systems. The JPACE provides aircrew members with equivalent protection to the JSLIST ensemble. The JPACE

is designed to not interfere with emergency ejection from a combat aircraft and continues to provide CBRN percutaneous protection following ejection and during escape and

evasion operations. The ensemble is both flame-retardant and self-extinguishing to permit emergency egress from a burning aircraft. Further, the ensemble provides CBRN

protection when subject to rotor, propeller, and jet wash. Joint Service glove upgrades are provided under the Joint Block 1 and 2 Glove Upgrade Program (JB1/2GU) in the near

and mid term. The JB1GU responds to an urgent need by designated elements of the force for increased tactility/durability supporting mission requirements. The JB1GU is

expected to meet most of the requirements within the JSLIST ORD and is viewed as an evolutionary approach in the development of the JB2GU. Versions under consideration

include a protective inner glove worn under existing warfighter gloves, a replacement glove for existing hand wear, or a combination of glove shell and liner affording CBRN

protection of the legacy gloves they are projected to replace. The JFIRE addresses protection of military firefighters within a CBRN/TIM environment conducting firefighting

operations involving structural and crash/firefighting/rescue. The JFIRE incorporates the JSLIST into firefighter bunker gear. The MULO is projected to replace legacy footwear

covers. The ability of the MULO to provide adequate antislip protection for USN personnel asea is under review. The Guardian Program is projected to review, assess, and

implement protection for critical members of the installation/facility populace during the mid term. This will predominantly be COTS-based assets for percutaneous protection.

However, the Guardian Program is not expected to address eligible civilian protection within the AO for other than existing U.S. military installations and facilities. MWA

percutaneous protection is not programmed or forecasted.

³¹ Doctrine, policy, procedures, training, exercises, and evaluations serve to build the capability of individuals to perform tasks while wearing percutaneous protection. However,

the encumbrances associated with percutaneous protection do degrade performance and limit the conduct of certain tasks (especially those associated with the repair and

maintenance of delicate and intricate assets). Prolonged wear places stress upon the individual and will impact performance. Doctrine, policy, and procedures are inadequate for

sustained operations within a CBRN/TIM environment, especially forces conducting expeditionary operations in austere environments and possessing reduced logistical footprints.

³² Fielding of the P3I upgraded CBPS for heavy/airborne use is projected for the mid term, as are two variants of the JSLNBCRS, the M93A1 Fox NBCRS Block II, and backfit of

LHA/LHDs to include CITADEL.

³³ Doctrine, policies, procedures, TTPs, and existing COLPRO systems do not address and support sustained operations within a CBRN/TIM environment.

³⁴ JTCOPS Block I is projected for initial fielding during the mid term. The projected initial capabilities fielding of JECP is within the mid term and will include adaptive insertable

COLPRO systems (including liner) for existing buildings/rooms and stand-alone COLPRO for small groups of personnel. JECP may provide the capability to provide COLPRO

for critical activities and functions; however, JECP acquisition quantities have not as yet been determined.

³⁵ JECP is requirements include rapid setup and initiation of operation.

³⁶ Identification, development and/or acquisition of assets for JECP include ECP assets for adaptation of tentage and structures to support expeditionary operations. The JECP

program is currently proceeding through the JCIDS process.

³⁷ The projected fielding of JWARN will decrease the time taken to disseminate alerting and warning information to the force. Additionally, JWARN will enable the notification of

adjacent units connected to the network. Manual notification methods and means will remain foundational for many units during the transition period and for elements of units.

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³⁸ Commander and staff planning and predeployment preparation include ensuring shelter personnel are designated and trained to perform their tasks in a CBRN/TIM environment.

Shelter operations are monitored and issues are addressed by the staff as necessary to ensure the safety and well-being of the force.

³⁹ The next-generation series of nonaviator respiratory/ocular protective assets is in R&D. The capabilities and fielding of these assets are not as yet determined.

⁴⁰ Doctrine, policy, procedures, training, exercises, and evaluations serve to build the capability of individuals to perform tasks while wearing respiratory/ocular protection.

However, the encumbrances associated with ocular/respiratory protection do degrade performance and limit the conduct of certain tasks. Prolonged wear places stress upon the

individual and will impact performance. Doctrine, policy, and procedures are inadequate for sustained operations within a CBRN/TIM environment, especially forces conducting

expeditionary operations in austere environments and possessing reduced logistical footprints.

⁴¹ The next-generation series of nonaviator percutaneous protective assets is in R&D. The capabilities and fielding of these assets are not as yet determined.

⁴² Doctrine, policy, procedures, training, exercises, and evaluations serve to build the capability of individuals to perform tasks while wearing percutaneous protection. However,

the encumbrances associated with percutaneous protection do degrade performance and limit the conduct of certain tasks (especially those associated with the repair and

maintenance of delicate and intricate assets). Prolonged wear places stress upon the individual and will impact performance. Doctrine, policy, and procedures are inadequate for

sustained operations within a CBRN/TIM environment, especially forces conducting expeditionary operations in austere environments and possessing reduced logistical footprints.

⁴³ The projected Future Tactical Lift Option is under evaluation for the potential addition of COLPRO in the design and production specifications. A decision on the inclusion of

COLPRO in the LHA(R) is expected in the mid term.

⁴⁴ Doctrine, policies, procedures, TTPs, and existing COLPRO systems do not address and support sustained operations within a CBRN/TIM environment.

⁴⁵ JTCOPS Block II is projected for the far term. Continued fielding of JECP.

⁴⁶ Commander and staff planning and predeployment preparation include ensuring shelter personnel are designated and trained to perform their tasks in a CBRN/TIM environment.

Shelter operations are monitored and issues are addressed by the staff as necessary to ensure the safety and well-being of the force.

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13.6.3

Functional Solutions Analysis

13.6.3.1

DOTLPF Assessment Summary

This section addresses the deficiencies and suggests potential non-materiel solutions. If there are

no non-materiel solutions, or they are only partial solutions, the remaining non-materiel need is

then stated. Materiel needs are assessed in the IMA section.

Deficiency: CBRND protective equipment and measures do not protect against all

CBRN/TIM agents.

Partial Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Strengthen doctrine and require the joint

development of CBRND protective assets/measures to protect forces against all CBRN

agents and high-threat/high-risk TIMs. Leadership: Enforce compliance with established

standards (see Doctrine) for prophylactic CBRND protection.

Deficiency: Encumbrances associated with ocular/respiratory and percutaneous protection

degrade performance and limit the conduct of certain tasks.

Partial Non-Materiel Solutions: Organization: Develop organizational structures,

resources, staffing, and capabilities to support personnel exchange and R2 to preclude

degradation of tasks and to promote the well-being of the force. Training: Ensure training,

exercises, and evaluations effectively promote acclimation and endurance of wear of IPE.

Leadership: Ensure awareness of degradation effects.

Deficiency: Current doctrine, the UJTL, and operational planning do not adequately address

sustained operations within a CBRN/TIM environment.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Include in doctrine, policy, procedures, and UJTL

sustained operations within a CBRN/TIM environment. Training: Train, exercise, and

evaluate the force for sustained operations within a CBRN/TIM environment. Leadership:

Recognize criticality of readiness of the force for potential sustained operations within a

CBRN/TIM environment, training providing the skills to manage the force in these

circumstances, and willingness and ability to implement necessary changes and activities to

prepare and appropriately apply the force.

Deficiency: Current DOTLPF does not adequately address the erection, maintenance,

operations, and striking of CPSs within a CBRN/TIM environment.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Establish in doctrine, policy, procedures, and TTPs the

erection, maintenance, operation, and striking of CPS within a CBRN/TIM environment for

CBRND. Organization: Organizational structures supporting the erection, maintenance,

operation, and striking of CPSs within a CBRN/TIM environment for CBRND. Training:

Develop institutional and unit-level training on the erection, maintenance, operation, and

striking of CPSs within a CBRN/TIM environment to support operations and provide for

CBRND of the force. Leadership: Ensure awareness and knowledge of establishing CPSs

within a CBRN/TIM environment for operations within a CBRN/TIM environment.

Facilities: Develop infrastructure to support erection, maintenance, operation, and striking of

CPSs within a CBRN/TIM environment (e.g., logistics, training, etc.).

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Deficiency: Not all critical facilities and activities are equipped with COLPRO.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Enforce existing doctrine and policy.

Deficiency: Most naval vessels (including supply and transport vessels, carriers, and others)

do not possess COLPRO.

Partial Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Incorporate into doctrine, policy, and procedures

the provision of COLPRO for at-risk vessels (civilian contract and military). Organization:

Develop organizational structures, resources, staffing, and capabilities to support COLPRO

operations on vessels supporting operations and at-risk. Training: Train, exercise, and

evaluate crews for vessel COLPRO operations for CBRND. Leadership: Recognize

differences and challenges associated with CBRND operations by at-risk vessels (both

military and contract civilian) supporting operations. Facilities: Develop supporting

infrastructure (e.g., logistics, maintenance, power systems, etc.) for vessel COLPRO.

Deficiency: USCG assets supporting operations are not adequately equipped with CBRND

assets and resources.

Partial Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Establish with doctrine, policy, and procedures

responsibilities for equipping, training, and supporting USCG assets supporting force

operations during periods of other than declared war. Organization: Develop organizational

structures, agreements, resources, and staffing to support and ensure survivability of

supporting USCG resources. Training: Train, exercise, and evaluate USCG CBRND

capabilities as integral component of force. Leadership: Recognize differences and

challenges associated with CBRND operations by USCG assets and personnel, training

providing skills and knowledge to managed operations involving these assets, and the ability

and willingness to implement necessary changes and activities to prepare for and conduct

operations with a CBRN/TIM threat. Facilities: Develop supporting infrastructure for

CBRND of the force, including allocated USCG assets and personnel.

Deficiency: Current mobile COLPRO is inadequate to support operations by highly mobile

forces.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Complete analysis and central correlation/ comparison

of national and strategic plans to identify quantities and types of mobile COLPRO (and

supporting consumables) necessary and available to support highly mobile forces for

envisioned plans and taskings. Organization: Develop organizational structures, resources,

staffing, and capabilities to conduct CBRND, including mobile COLPRO, of highly mobile

forces. Training: Train, exercise, and evaluate CBRND, including mobile COLPRO,

capabilities of the force in a CBRN/TIM threat during highly mobile force operations.

Leadership: Recognize differences and challenges associated with CBRND operations by

highly mobile forces, training providing skills and knowledge to manage operations in these

circumstances, and ability and willingness to implement necessary changes and activities to

prepare for and conduct expeditionary operations with a CBRN/TIM threat. Facilities:

Develop supporting infrastructure for CBRND of highly mobile forces.

10. Deficiency: Maneuvering forces are inadequately equipped with COLPRO capabilities.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Complete the JCIDS process and central correlation/

comparison of national and strategic plans to identify CBRND resources necessary and

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available to support maneuver operations, particularly expeditionary operations during the

first 30-90 days following commencement of hostilities, with a reduced logistical footprint.

Organization: Develop organizational structures, resources, staffing, and capabilities to

conduct maneuver operations, particularly expeditionary operations during the first 30-90

days of operations following commencement of hostilities, while possessing reduced

logistical footprint. Training: Train, exercise, and evaluate maneuver capabilities

(particularly expeditionary capabilities) of the force in a CBRN/TIM threat with reduced

logistical footprint during the initial 30-90 days of operations using organic, prepositioned,

and planned CBRND resources supporting operations. Leadership: Recognize differences

and challenges associated with maneuver operations, particularly expeditionary operations

during the first 30-90 days following commencement of hostilities, with a reduced logistical

footprint; training providing skills and knowledge to manage operations in these

circumstances; and ability and willingness to implement necessary changes and activities to

prepare for and conduct expeditionary operations with a CBRN/TIM threat. Facilities:

Develop supporting infrastructure for expeditionary operations during the first 30-90 days

following commencement of hostilities and with a reduced logistical footprint.

11. Deficiency: Existing COLPRO requires extensive services, logistics, and resources to

establish.

Partial Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Establish in doctrine, policy, procedures, and

TTPS guidelines and requirements for COLPRO by type of operation and involved forces.

Organization: Develop minimal organizational structures, resources, and assets essential to

the erection and establishment of COLPRO by system type. Training: Develop institutional

and unit-level training on the erection and establishment of COLPRO with emphasis upon

minimalization of committed resources. Leadership: Ensure awareness and knowledge of

extent of committed resources to establish various types of COLPRO. Facilities: Review

infrastructure with view towards minimalization of required services, logistics, and resources

to erect and establish COLPRO.

12. Deficiency: ECP kits, procedures, and training do not currently exist.

Partial Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Establish in doctrine, policy, procedures, and

TTPs the use and application of ECP for CBRND. Organization: Organizational structures

supporting the application of ECP for CBRND. Training: Develop institutional and unit-level

training on the application of ECP to support operations and provide for CBRND of the

force. Leadership: Ensure awareness and knowledge of versatility and application of ECP for

operations within a CBRN/TIM environment. Facilities: Develop infrastructure to support

ECP (e.g., logistics, training, etc.).

13. Deficiency: COLPRO for maintenance of critical contaminated material permitting reduced

IPE is nonexistent.

Partial Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Develop and establish in doctrine, policies,

procedures, and TTPs requirements, standards, and guidelines for the application of

COLPRO to maintenance activities on critical material that is contaminated and required for

maintenance of OPTEMPO and mission success. Organization: Develop organizational

structures, resources, staffing, and capabilities to enable effective application of COLPRO for

maintenance of critical assets. Training: Implement institutional, recurring, and unit training

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for all personnel tasked with performance of critical asset maintenance in the conduct of

maintenance and repair activities in a CBRN/TIM environment upon contaminated assets.

Exercises and evaluations incorporate criteria challenging this capability. Leadership:

Recognize ability to sustain OPTEMPO and for mission success with the capability to

perform sensitive repairs on critical assets. Facilities: Develop supporting infrastructure

enabling and supporting maintenance and repair activities on contaminated assets.

14. Deficiency: Inadequate COLPRO to support expeditionary and highly mobile forces.

Partial Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Develop and disseminate appropriate doctrine,

policy, and procedures for the application of common materials for COLPRO and for

COLPRO kits and components. Organization: Develop organizational structures, resources,

staffing, and capabilities to enable effective application of available COLPRO and

implementation of expedient COLPRO capabilities. Training: Establish initial and recurring

training of all members of the force on the conduct of expedient COLPRO. Exercises and

evaluations incorporate criteria challenging this capability. Leadership: Recognize potential

for expedient COLPRO to improve force capabilities and survivability. Facilities: Develop

supporting infrastructure enabling expedient COLPRO and the effective application of

available COLPRO.

15. Deficiency: Expeditionary operations are a particular concern as most CBRND systems and

associated logistics are not designed for a highly mobile force, with a reduced logistical

footprint, and for the initial period of operations until the theater matures (usually the first

30-90 days).

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Complete the JCIDS process and central

correlation/comparison of national and strategic plans to identify CBRND resources

necessary and available to support expeditionary operations during the first 30-90 days

following commencement of hostilities and with a reduced logistical footprint. Organization:

Develop organizational structures, resources, staffing, and capabilities to conduct

expeditionary operations while possessing reduced logistical footprint and during the first

30-90 days of operations following commencement of hostilities. Training: Train, exercise,

and evaluate expeditionary capabilities of the force in a CBRN/TIM threat with reduced

logistical footprint during the initial 30-90 days of operations using CBRND resources

supporting expeditionary operations. Leadership: Recognize differences and challenges

associated with expeditionary operations during the first 30-90 days following

commencement of hostilities and with a reduced logistical footprint, training providing skills

and knowledge to manage operations in these circumstances, and ability and willingness to

implement necessary changes and activities to prepare for and conduct expeditionary

operations with a CBRN/TIM threat. Facilities: Develop supporting infrastructure for

expeditionary operations during the first 30-90 days following commencement of hostilities

and with a reduced logistical footprint.

16. Deficiency: COLPRO for other than radiological is almost nonexistent, including critical

facilities, outside HTA OCONUS.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Enforce existing doctrine and policy.

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17. Deficiency: Manual nature of current alerting and warning processes impact dissemination to

subordinate and neighboring units and implementation of MOPP requirements for CBRND.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Include requirement for cross-Service notification of

adjacent force elements. Training: Include cross-Service notification of adjacent force

elements in training criteria. Incorporate criteria into exercises and evaluations to challenge

alerting and notification of adjacent force elements. Leadership: Ensure awareness of

adjacent elements and criticality of time to protect the force. Facilities: Develop supporting

infrastructure for cross-Service communications.

18. Deficiency: Insufficient COLPRO is available to support rest and resupply activities for all

personnel within a 24-hour period necessary to support sustained operations within a

contaminated environment. This is particularly true of forward operating light forces.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Enforce existing doctrine and policies.

19. Deficiency: Quantities and availability of mobile COLPRO is inadequate.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Complete analysis and central correlation/comparison of

national and strategic plans to identify quantities and types of mobile COLPRO (and