CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, AND NUCLEAR DEFENSE (CBRND) FUNCTIONAL NEEDS ANALYSIS. FINAL REPORT (2005)

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CBRND Functional Needs Analysis/Functional Solution Analysis

Chapter 13 Tactical Shield Tasks

Table 13.1-1. TASHLD 1: Capability and Deficiency Assessment

System/Measure

M10

M11

M12

M13

Current

Individual Protection

Respiratory/Ocular

6¹

4²

5³

0⁴

4⁵

8⁶

8⁷

5⁸

6⁵

6^{1, 9}

7^1,9,10

7¹¹

Protection

Percutaneous Protection

6¹²

4¹³

5¹⁴

0¹⁵

4¹⁶

8¹⁷

8⁷

5⁸

6¹⁶

6^{9, 12}

7^9,10,12

7¹¹

Collective Protection

N/A

0.5

N/A

Mobile COLPRO

6¹⁸

N/A

0¹⁹

5²⁰

N/A

8⁷

5⁸

6²⁰

N/A

6^9,18

7^9,10,18

7¹¹

Fixed-Site COLPRO

6¹⁸

N/A

1²¹

5²⁰

N/A

8⁷

5⁸

6²⁰

N/A

6^9,18

7^9,10,18

7¹¹

MOPP Methodology

7²²

3²³

7²⁴

3²⁵

5²⁶

7²⁷

8⁷

N/A

6²⁶

7^9,22

7^9,10,22

7¹¹

Unit Staff

7²⁸

3²⁹

7³⁰

2³¹

7³²

4³³

8⁷

7³⁴

8^{32, 35}

8³²

8^9,28,35

7^9,10,28,35

7¹¹

Near/Mid

Individual Protection

Respiratory/Ocular

5⁸

6¹

4^2,36

5³

0⁴

6⁵

8⁶

8⁷

6⁵

6^1,9

7^1,9,10

7¹¹

Protection

Percutaneous Protection

6¹²

4^13,37

5¹⁴

0¹⁵

6¹⁶

8¹⁷

8⁷

5⁸

6¹⁶

6^{9, 12}

7^9,10,12

7¹¹

Collective Protection

N/A

0.5

N/A

19,38

Mobile COLPRO

6¹⁸

N/A

5²⁰

N/A

8⁷

5⁸

6²⁰

N/A

6^9,18

7^9,10,18

7¹¹

Fixed-Site COLPRO

6¹⁸

N/A

1^21,39

5²⁰

N/A

8⁷

5⁸

6²⁰

N/A

6^9,18,39

7^9,10,18

7¹¹

MOPP Methodology

7²²

3²³

7²⁴

3²⁵

5²⁶

7²⁷

8⁷

N/A

6²⁶

7^9,22

7^9,10,22

7¹¹

Unit Staff

7²⁸

3²⁹

7³⁰

2³¹

7³²

8^33,40

8⁷

7³⁴

8^32,35

8³²

8^9,28,35

7^9,10,28,35

7¹¹

Far

Individual Protection

Respiratory/Ocular

2,36,41

5⁸

6¹

5³

0⁴

6⁵

8⁶

8⁷

6⁵

6^1,9

7^1,9,10

7¹¹

Protection

13,37,42

6¹²

5¹⁴

0¹⁵

6¹⁶

8¹⁷

8⁷

5⁸

6¹⁶

6^9,12

7^9,10,12

7¹¹

Percutaneous Protection

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Chapter 13 Tactical Shield Tasks

System/Measure

M10

M11

M12

Far

Collective Protection

N/A

0.5

N/A

Mobile COLPRO

6¹⁸

N/A

0^19,38,43

5²⁰

N/A

8⁷

5⁸

6²⁰

N/A

6^9,18

7^9,10,18

7¹¹

Fixed-Site COLPRO

6¹⁸

N/A

1^21,39,44

5²⁰

N/A

8⁷

5⁸

6²⁰

N/A

6^9,18,39

7^9,10,18

7¹¹

MOPP Methodology

7²²

3²³

7²⁴

3²⁵

5²⁶

7²⁷

8⁷

N/A

6²⁶

7^9,22

7^9,10,22

7¹¹

Unit Staff

7²⁸

3²⁹

7³⁰

2³¹

7³²

8^33,40

8⁷

7³⁴

8^32,35

8³²

8^9,28,35

7^9,10,28,35

7¹¹

Overall

Current Overall

Capability

Near/Mid-Term Overall

Capability

Far-Term Overall

Capability

FAA Measure

Scale

Plans exist for

8-10: Plans incorporate specific, flexible, protective posture protocols that are adjustable to address requirements and

determining proper

needs such as mission, function, conditions, and threat. All personnel are trained and ready to perform the associated

MOPP level based upon

protective actions.

function/activity and

4-7: General protective posture protocols are incorporated into plans and disseminated to subordinate units. Unit personnel

threat.

are trained and ready to perform protective actions.

1-3: General protective posture protocols are referenced by plans disseminated to subordinate units. Unit personnel are

trained to perform protective actions.

0: General protective posture protocols are not identified in plans and disseminated to subordinate units for implementation

and training of unit personnel.

Individuals and MWAs

8-10: All force personnel (military and eligible civilians supporting the mission) and MWAs are adequately equipped with

are equipped with IPE.

IPE to perform their functions and survive a CBRN/TIM environment.

4-7: Military personnel and eligible civilians supporting the mission are equipped with IPE to perform their functions and

survive a CBRN/TIM environment.

1-3: Military personnel are equipped with IPE to perform their functions and survive a CBRN/TIM environment.

0: Force personnel and MWAs are not equipped to perform their functions and survive a CBRN/TIM environment.

Protection is afforded

8-10: Issued IPE affords protection against all CBRN agents and high-risk TIM agents.

by IPE against

4-7: Issued IPE affords protection against all CBRN warfare agents and selected TIM agents.

employed CBRN/TIM

1-3: Issued IPE affords protection against all CBRN warfare agents.

agent.

0: Issued IPE does not afford protection against all CBRN warfare agents.

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Chapter 13 Tactical Shield Tasks

Plans exist for

8-10: Plans identify and allocate resources for the provision of dedicated COLPRO for sheltering and survival of MWAs.

evacuating MWA or

4-7: Plans identify and task resources for the evacuation of MWA from impending CBRN/TIM hazard zones or the

providing CPSs for

provision of COLPRO for MWA sheltering and survival.

them.

1-3: Plans identify and task resources for the evacuation of MWA from impending CBRN/TIM hazard zones.

0: Plans do not address the evacuation and provision of COLPRO sheltering for MWAs.

Force operational

8-10: IPE possesses little or no encumbrances impacting the operational effectiveness and safety of the wearer nor the

capabilities are not

wearer’s psychological and physiological health and well-being when worn for extended periods.

degraded by

4-7: IPE imposes encumbrances upon the wearer and require acclimation and training to perform necessary tasks and

encumbrances of IPE.

operations. Encumbrances impact psychological and physiological well-being of wearer over time and varies with

individual, activity, and conditioning.

1-3: IPE imposes encumbrances upon the wearer and impact the psychological and physiological well-being of wearer

impacting performance of operational requirements. Acclimation, training, and conditioning have minimal impact upon

effective wear time.

0: IPE encumbrances seriously impair or preclude operational performance and place strenuous impacts upon the

psychological and physiological safety and well-being of the wearer.

Warning and alerting is

8-10: Plans provide for the rapid and effective notification of all units in the force to increase or don individual protective

sufficient to permit

equipment. Means are available and applied at all levels to disseminate warning and alerting in near-real time. All

timely notification of

personnel are trained, equipped, and ready to perform required protective measures.

personnel to don IPE.

4-7: Plans provide for the notification of all units in the force to increase or don individual protective equipment. Means

are available to disseminate warning and alerting. Personnel are prepared to perform necessary protective measures.

1-3: Plans do not adequately address notification of all units in the force to increase or don individual protective

equipment, or means are inadequate to disseminate warning and alerting to the force.

0: Plans do not address warning and alerting of the force.

Procedures exist for

8-10: Plans, procedures, and protocols address reduction of required MOPP levels addressing changes in requirements and

reducing MOPP level.

needs such as mission, function, conditions, and threat. All personnel are trained and ready to perform the associated

protective actions.

4-7: General procedures and protocols for the reduction of MOPP levels are disseminated to subordinate units. Unit

personnel are trained and ready to perform protective actions.

1-3: MOPP level reduction protocols are referenced by procedures disseminated to subordinate units. Unit personnel are

trained to perform protective actions.

0: MOPP level reduction procedures and protocols are not identified and disseminated to subordinate units for

implementation and training of unit personnel.

Required CBRN

8-10: CBRND systems, components, and consumables are positioned and available in plan identified quantities and types

consumables are

to support sustained operations within a CBRN/TIM environment.

available to support

4-7: CBRND systems, components, and consumables identified in plans are adjusted to limitations in quantities and types,

forces.

and positioned and available to support operations involving CBRN/TIM threat.

1-3: CBRND systems, components, and consumables are adjusted to limitations in quantities and types and are distributed

to support operations involving CBRN/TIM threat.

0: CBRND systems, components, and consumables are not available to support operations.

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Chapter 13 Tactical Shield Tasks

Unit is operationally

8-10: Unit operational capabilities are maintained within a CBRN/TIM environment through the application of COLPRO

capable in a

and individual protection.

CBRN/TIM

4-7: Unit operational capabilities are degraded or limited within a CBRN/TIM environment but are supported by the

environment using

application of COLPRO and individual protection.

collective and

1-3: Unit operational capabilities are seriously degraded and limited within a CBRN/TIM environment and are not

individual protection.

mitigated by the application of COLPRO and individual protection.

0: Unit operational capability is not supported by COLPRO and individual protection.

M10

Function/activity is

8-10: Operational capability and performance of force functions and activities are not degraded or impacted by IPE

operationally capable in

encumbrances within a CBRN/TIM environment.

a CBRN/TIM

4-7: Operational capability and performance of force functions and activities are degraded or limited by IPE encumbrances

environment while

within a CBRN/TIM environment.

encumbered by

1-3: IPE encumbrances impose serious impacts and limitations upon operational capabilities and performance of force

individual protection.

functions and activities within a CBRN/TIM environment.

0: IPE encumbrances preclude operational capability and performance within a CBRN/TIM environment.

M11

Plan provides the

8-10: Plans include clear guidance on the conduct of trade-off analysis for adjustment of plan-specific, flexible protective

commander with

posture protocols disseminated to the units of the force. The guidance outlines foundational requirements and provides

guidance on trade-off

detailed information critical to the effective performance of trade-off analysis by the unit staff for the adjustment of the

analysis to determine

protocols.

the appropriate MOPP

4-7: General protective posture protocol trade-off analysis guidance is incorporated into plans or references doctrinal

level.

materials. Unit staff expertise, training, knowledge, and access to doctrinal materials are applied, and will vary between

staffs, to the determination of trade-off analysis for adjustment of the protocols.

1-3: Protective posture protocol adjustment trade-off analysis guidance is inadequate to perform the task.

0: Protective posture protocol adjustment trade-off analysis guidance does not exist.

M12

Plan requires the

8-10: Plans include clear guidance on the continuing conduct of staff review of current and projected operations, activities,

commander to

functions, conditions, and threat for recommendations to the commander for adjustment of MOPP levels disseminated to

constantly reevaluate

subordinate units of the force.

MOPP level.

4-7: General guidance is incorporated into plans or plan referenced doctrinal materials for the conduct of staff review of

current and projected operations, activities, functions, conditions, and threat for recommendations to the commander for

adjustment of MOPP levels disseminated to the force. Unit staff expertise, training, knowledge, and access to doctrinal

materials are applied, and will vary between staffs, to the determination of recommendations for adjustment of the

disseminated MOPP levels.

1-3: MOPP level continuing evaluation and adjustment guidance for current and projected operations, activities, functions,

conditions, and threat is inadequate to perform the task.

0: MOPP level reevaluation and adjustment planning and guidance does not exist.

M13

There is effective

8-10: DOTLPF exists and is adequate for this task. Task can be effectively performed with little or no direct impact upon

DOTMLPF in place to

operations.

conduct task.

4-7: Most critical aspects of DOTLPF for this task are addressed. Task can be performed with limitations requiring work-

arounds.

1-3: DOTLPF is inadequate for accomplishment of this task.

0: DOTLPF does not exist for this task.

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Chapter 13 Tactical Shield Tasks

¹ Plans incorporate MOPP levels and methodologies are adjustable to meet local operations and threat needs. MOPP levels and methodologies apply to military personnel and are

generally considered to apply to equipped nonmilitary personnel (although doctrine, policy, procedures, and TTPs do not address application to these personnel). The MOPP levels

address respiratory/ocular protection presence and wear.

² CBRND IPE is currently Service-specific. Respiratory/ocular protection is diverse across the Services and performed functions. USAF combat aircrews conduction operations

within a CBRN environment are equipped with the MBU-19/P Chemical-Biological AERP that includes protective hood, MBU-12/P mask, C-2 filter canister, an intercom for

ground communications, and a blower assembly. The AERP provides protection whether or not supplemental oxygen is present. USN and USMC aviators use the A/P22P-14(V)

Respirator Assembly that is a self-contained protective system deployed for rotary-wing (Version 1 for USN) and fixed-wing (Versions 2-4 for USN and USMC) aircrews. The

system incorporates a CB filter, dual air/oxygen supply, and a crossover manifold with dual protective capabilities for flight and ground protection. The A/P 22P-14(V) 1 is not

compatible with aircraft with oxygen delivery systems and supports helicopter crew use. Version 2 is used for the EA-6B and F-18A, Version 3 for AV-8B and F-18C/D, and

Version 4 is applied for C-130 aircrews. The M17 series mask is obsolete and is relegated to NEO support in selected HTAs. The mask is designed for the military standard profile

(ground) and does not adequately protect all potential nonmilitary populace members for which is retained. The M40/M42 CB Protective Mask is in service with the U.S. Army.

The mask uses the C-2 canister for filtration of CBRN contaminants. The M42 integrates with combat vehicle filtration protection system and has a dynamic microphone with

cable for connection to vehicle communications systems. The M43 CB Aircraft Mask is applied by U.S. Army aircrew members and applies a motor blower unit with C-2 canister

for filtration. The system is a stand-alone system that accompanies the user. The M45 Aircrew Aviator Mask replaced the U.S. Army M43 Type II and M49 Mask Systems. The

system uses a low-profile canister compatible hose assembly for both hose and face-mounted configurations. The mask system incorporates selectable filtration for support both

during aircraft systems activation and using the connectable filter pack. The mask also is applied to personnel who cannot be fitted with the standard M40A1, M42A2, or MCU-

2A/P masks. The M48 CB Apache Aviator Mask protects AH-64 Apache helicopter aviators and flight support personnel. The blower assembly uses the C-2 filter canister to

provide filtered, breathable air. The M48 replaces the M43 Type 1 mask. The MCU-2A/P is the mainstay USAF and USN mask employed by personnel not equipped with aircrew

masks and by aircrew when not performing flight operations. The MCU-2A/P is also used by aircrew during flight operations who are not equipped with aircrew masks. COTS

equipment meeting OSHA requirements (and National Fire Protection Association [NFPA] for firefighters) is applied by selected civilian personnel performing specific functions

such as firefighting, EMS, hazardous materials, etc. Limited quantities of COTS may be available within HTAs for known NEO requirements for the protection of populace

members unable to wear the M17 series or standard warfighter respiratory/ocular protective devices. MWAs are not afforded respiratory/ocular protection.

³ Military CBRND respiratory/ocular protective equipment provides protection to the wearer from all known chemical warfare agents, radioactive particulates, and biological

agents. The equipment also affords protection against selected TIM agents. However, the equipment does not protect against all high-threat TIM agents and does not support

survival in oxygen deficient atmospheres. Further, certain agents cause current filtration to break down or saturate rapidly decreasing the time period of protection.

⁴ Approved CBRND respiratory/ocular protection for MWAs does not exist.

⁵ Doctrine, policy, procedures, training, exercises, and evaluations serve to build the capability of individuals to perform tasks while wearing respiratory/ocular protection.

However, the encumbrances associated with ocular/respiratory protection do degrade performance and limit the conduct of certain tasks. Prolonged wear places stress upon the

individual and will impact performance. Doctrine, policy, and procedures are inadequate for sustained operations within a CBRN/TIM environment, especially forces conducting

expeditionary operations in austere environments and possessing reduced logistical footprints.

⁶ Operations with threat apply MOPP levels detailing the ready availability of respiratory/ocular protection. Generally, the requirement is nine seconds to don, clear, and seal

respiratory/ocular protection upon warning or alerting of a CBRN/TIM agent. Selected systems require the fitting and preparation within COLPRO, such as the AERP and similar

systems. Personnel outside COLPRO are required to maintain ready availability of respiratory/ocular protection capable of rapid attainment of protection.

⁷ Plans for operations with threat identify adjustable MOPP levels, methodologies, and requirements that are flexible to meet local operational needs and threat. Protocols and

processes are identified for determination of appropriate MOPP levels and allowable changes. These are included in unit standard operating procedure (SOPs) and guidelines.

⁸ Doctrine, policy, and procedures are adequate for planning, movement, management, and positioning of materiel (including CBRND materiel) in support of operations. CBRND

materiel for an operation addresses the identified CBRN/TIM threat. The allocation and dissemination of CBRND materiel is managed by the staff based upon plans, operational

requirements, anticipated or experienced threat, and available resources. Expeditionary operations are a particular concern. Availability of spares and resupply will be limited

during the period until the theater matures (usually the first 30-90 days). Maneuvering highly mobile forces operating in austere environments, behind adversary lines, and

possessing reduced logistical footprints are similarly constrained. The individual combat load also places limitations upon weight and type of equipment and consumables.

Protective equipment may be reduced or eliminated despite threat level. Sustained operations within a CBRN/TIM environment are not adequately addressed in DOTLPF and,

subsequently, in planning.

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Chapter 13 Tactical Shield Tasks

⁹ Trade-off analysis for MOPP is generally addressed in plans and processes. Staff applies doctrinal materials as foundational guidance for advising the commander and developing

instructions to subordinate units. Unit staff expertise, training, knowledge, and access to doctrinal materials are applied, and will vary between staffs, for the determination of

trade-off analysis to adjust the protocols.

¹⁰ The commander implements and adjusts MOPP levels and protocols based upon staff-developed information and personal experience, knowledge, training, and operational

requirements. Plans provide for the continuing evaluation of MOPP and CBRND measures by the commander and supporting staff. Decisions and instructions are disseminated

based upon the commander’s evaluation, assessment, and action determination by the supporting staff.

¹¹ DOTLPF exists for the conduct of this task for military personnel. However, DOTLPF for this task as applies to non-U.S. military personnel and MWAs is inadequate for the

protection and survival of these personnel in a CBRN/TIM environment.

¹² Plans incorporate MOPP levels and methodologies and are adjustable to meet local operations and threat needs. MOPP levels and methodologies apply to military personnel and

are generally considered to apply to equipped nonmilitary personnel (although doctrine, policy, procedures, and TTPs do not address application to these personnel). The MOPP

levels address percutaneous protection presence and wear.

¹³ Service-specific CBRND percutaneous protection is currently applied for the protection of the force. The BDO, used by the USAF and U.S. Army, is a two-piece garment

providing protection for a 24-hour period against chemical agent vapors, liquids, and droplets; biological agents and toxins and contact with radioactive particles. The BDO’s

protective abilities are lost if the suit is torn; ripped; splashed with petroleum, oil, or lubricant (POL); or saturated with water and is designed for a one-time use and is worn by

ground and most flight personnel (non-high-performance aircraft). The USMC uses the Saratoga COLPRO suit similar in design to the BDO, but launderable for personnel

hygiene. The CPOG is a legacy two-piece garment for protection against CBRN agents. The CPOG is in use with the USN. The CPU is designed to provide an additional layer of

protection for the warfighter and is worn under standard IPE. The USAF CWU-66/P (and 77/P) is a one-piece flightsuit providing protection for a 24-hour period against standard

CBRN agents and is designed for compatibility with aircrew lift support equipment. The USN, USAF, and USMC use the disposable aircrew protective cape to protect aircrew

between sheltering and the combat aircraft. The cape drapes over the wearer and is removed during entry into the aircraft to prevent transfer of contamination into the aircraft

interior. The BVO/GVO overboots are applied over the wearer’s standard footwear to protect against contact with CBRND. The USN uses the CPFC, commonly called the

“fishtail” for its design, to protect the wearer’s footwear. The CPFC, considered obsolete, does provide a measure of antislip protection shipboard. The disposable aircrew boot

cover is worn by USAF, USN, and USMC aviators over aircrew footwear while en route and mounting combat aircraft. The covers are removed during aircraft entry and are

designed to prevent contamination transfer into the aircraft. Hand protection is provided by the CPG in 7-, 14-, and 25-mil thicknesses to meet warfighter hand protection and

dexterity needs. Disposable aircrew hand protection is applied by the USAF, USMC, and USN for aviators over their gloves (and may be worn between glove layers for additional

protection) during movement between shelter and aircraft. When used as an overglove, the gloves are removed during aircraft mounting during aircraft entry to preclude the

potential for transfer of contamination into the aircraft interior. Medical Services practitioners performing treatment The CPHS is designed to prevent contact of the warfighter’s

helmet with liquid contamination which may be absorbed, impact helmet integrity, and/or constitute a potential secondary hazard to the wearer. SCALP provides a disposable,

lightweight, impermeable layer of protection for personnel against gross liquid contamination and is worn over the warfighter’s protective ensemble. SCALP is commonly applied

to protect armor and explosive ordinance disposal (EOD) personnel who may be required to leave sheltering to perform duties and functions. SCALP is also applied by units

performing decontamination operations where personnel may become soaked by decontaminants and Medical Services personnel with potential for prolonged contact with body

fluids. Standard wet-weather gear (e.g., poncho, rain parka, rain suit, etc.) is also applied as a barrier against saturation of the warfighter’s protective ensemble by contact with

liquids such as rain, sea spray, etc. The M-2 apron is applied by personnel performing decontamination aprons and is worn over the ensemble. The apron is full length and sleeve to

maximize coverage, although the back is open. COTS assets meeting OSHA requirements (and NFPA for firefighters) are applied by selected civilian personnel performing

specific functions such as firefighting, EMS, hazardous materials, etc. Medical barrier impermeable barrier protective assets may also be applied by Medical Services practitioners

potentially at risk for contact with fluids.

¹⁴ Military CBRND percutaneous protective equipment provides protection to the wearer from all known chemical warfare agents, radioactive particulates, and biological agents.

The equipment also affords protection against selected TIM agents. However, the equipment does not protect against all high-threat TIM agents. Further, certain agents cause rapid

saturation rapidly decreasing the time period of protection. High winds, such as rotor wind or propeller/jet wash, may cause penetration of the protective equipment by agent. The

protective garments are vulnerable to saturation to saturation by rain, sea spray, and high humidity. The CBRND protective capabilities of COTS equipment will vary. COTS

equipment manufactured within the United States or to U.S. specifications for toxic environments must comply with OSHA standards. However, COTS equipment must be

compared against the threat, if applied, and for the level of required protection identified in OSHA standards. COTS equipment not manufactured within the United States and not

for U.S. sale may or may not meet equivalent standards, if mandatory standards exist. OSHA-standard equipment may not be applicable for non-U.S. personnel at locations outside

the United States. Existing national standards for the host or originating country may be applicable and may not provide equivalent protection to OSHA.

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Chapter 13 Tactical Shield Tasks

¹⁵ Approved percutaneous protection for MWAs does not exist.

¹⁶ Doctrine, policy, procedures, training, exercises, and evaluations serve to build the capability of individuals to perform tasks while wearing percutaneous protection. However,

the encumbrances associated with percutaneous protection do degrade performance and limit the conduct of certain tasks (especially those associated with the repair and

maintenance of delicate and intricate assets). Prolonged wear places stress upon the individual and will impact performance. Doctrine, policy, and procedures are inadequate for

sustained operations within a CBRN/TIM environment, especially forces conducting expeditionary operations in austere environments and possessing reduced logistical footprints.

¹⁷ Operations with threat apply MOPP levels detailing the ready availability of percutaneous protection. Depending upon the MOPP level, the individual will wear portions or all

components of percutaneous protection including gloves, jacket, pants, and boot covers. Respiratory/ocular protection is donned first to protect the individual followed by the

remaining components of percutaneous protection upon warning or alerting of a CBRN/TIM agent. Selected systems require the fitting and preparation within COLPRO, such as

the high-performance aircrew ensembles and similar systems. Personnel outside COLPRO are required to maintain ready availability of percutaneous protection capable of rapid

attainment of protection.

¹⁸ Plans incorporate MOPP levels and methodologies are adjustable to meet local operations and threat needs. MOPP levels and methodologies apply to military personnel and are

generally considered to apply to equipped nonmilitary personnel (although doctrine, policy, procedures, and TTPs do not address application to these personnel). The MOPP

methodologies in planning and operations include CBRND COLPRO to mitigate or prevent the effects of CBRN/TIM agents upon critical functions, activities, and operations.

¹⁹ Current mobile COLPRO systems are predominantly integrated into selected combat vehicles/vessels and do not support the protection of MWDs. The only currently fielded

land-based mobile group COLPRO is CBPS. The CBPS system is available on a mobile platform and can provide a limited number of people protection. The CBPS consists of a

dedicated M1113 HMMWV with an LMS mounted on the back and provides a highly mobile, contamination-free, environmentally controlled work area for forward deployed

medical units. The CBPS has been fielded to treatment squads, forward surgical teams, and medical companies. Four personnel are required to operate the CBPS. However, these

systems are limited in supply and are generally dedicated to medical and C4ISR operations. None are allocated for the protection of MWDs or MWD teams.

²⁰ Limited COLPRO is available in type and quantity to support operations, particularly multiple operations with threat. Limitations are considered during planning and alternatives

are developed by the staff. The combination of IPE and available COLPRO provides flexibility to meet and maintain operational capability.

²¹ The USMC MGPTS with CB Protective Liner System provides a positive-pressure, filtered-air, toxic-free shelter for protection against CBRN agents. However, there are

insufficient quantities. The USAF CP-SSS is a small-scale CPS applied for the conduct of C2 operations, maintenance of critical equipment, force beddown, and the provision of

R2 for sortie generators and key leadership. This shelter is in limited supply and unlikely sufficient quantities would be available to support MWDs, especially during operations

against an adversary. The M20/M20A1 SCPE is a lightweight, modular system involving a liner designed for inflation within a room or building. The M20A1 serves to bridge the

gap between the M20 SCPE and CBPS. Quantities are limited and are not likely to be available during operations against an adversary. Current plans generally do not address the

application of COLPRO to MWDs and do not allocate the limited COLPRO resources to this resource. Fixed-site COLPRO within the United States and its territories is

predominantly designed for nuclear fallout and does not address other CBRN/TIM hazards and threats arising after September 11, 2001. Selected critical key facilities are equipped

with CBRN COLPRO, but are not available to other than designated personnel. Fixed-site CBRN COLPRO is installed in facilities housing selected activities and functions within

HTAs. However, these facilities are dedicated to critical operational requirements and restricted to assigned and designated personnel. MWD handlers may possess access to

COLPRO, depending upon performed activity and location, against the effects of CBRN/TIM agents. However, MWDs are not permitted into COLPRO unless specified by the

commander and/or senior ranking person within the shelter.

²² Plans incorporate MOPP levels and methodologies are adjustable to meet local operations and threat needs. MOPP levels and methodologies apply to military personnel and are

generally considered to apply to equipped nonmilitary personnel (although doctrine, policy, procedures, and TTPs do not address application to these personnel). The MOPP

methodologies in planning and operations include CBRND actions, activities, and requirements to mitigate or prevent the effects of CBRN/TIM agents.

²³ Plans incorporate MOPP levels and methodologies are adjustable to meet local operations and threat needs. MOPP levels and methodologies apply to military personnel and are

generally considered to apply to equipped nonmilitary personnel (although doctrine, policy, procedures, and TTPs do not address application to these personnel). The MOPP

methodologies in planning and operations include CBRND IPE to mitigate or prevent the effects of CBRN/TIM agents.

²⁴ Plan-identified forces are trained on MOPP level requirements and associated actions. Each level identifies the protective equipment forces are to don and maintain. However,

although MOPP levels are generally considered to apply to equipped nonmilitary personnel, DOTLPF does not adequately address MOPP application to these personnel.

²⁵ MWDs are not CBRND trained, equipped, and fully integrated into CBRND exercises and evaluations requiring the use of IPE at the appropriate MOPP levels. MOPP does not

address MWDs. MWD handlers are trained and equipped with IPE to achieve required MOPP levels upon notification or warning and to evacuate MWDs as best possible.

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²⁶ MOPP levels and methodologies provide flexibility for the adjustment of IPE to meet local operational and threat requirements. The intent is to achieve and maintain the lowest

level necessary for survival of the force and operational accomplishment. Adjustments are made as dictated by local circumstances. However, prolonged wear of IPE will degrade

performance.

²⁷ Personnel are instructed and trained to adopt full MOPP protection upon alerting or warning of a CBRN/TIM agent attack or presence. Reduction in MOPP level is performed

upon receipt of guidance and as outlined.

²⁸ Unit staff conducts planning and coordination activities for operations with threat to mitigate or preclude operational and survival impacts upon operations and personnel by

CBRN/TIM agents. These plans include the integration and dissemination of MOPP levels and methodologies. The MOPP levels are adjustable to meet local operations and threat

needs. MOPP levels and methodologies apply to military personnel and are generally considered to apply to equipped nonmilitary personnel (although doctrine, policy, procedures,

and TTPs do not address application to these personnel).

²⁹ Unit staff planning and operational activities address the identification, allocation, and application of IPE by the force for operations with threat. Detailed guidance and

instructions are provided to participating units for effective preparation and post-event activities and actions for CBRN/TIM agents. Unit staff personnel planning is guided by

current doctrine, policy, procedures, and TTPs. Select HTA doctrine does provide limited guidance on the provisioning of protection to in-place, known, eligible civilians not

supporting the mission (e.g., military dependents, etc.). However, the emphasis within HTAs is upon short-term protection until evacuation. Planning for the provision of CBRND

to nonmilitary personnel is a combination of known available assets not otherwise committed to operations, threat, number of persons involved, ability to protect the target

population, available relocation resources, expected time to move the population, and expected operational demands. DOTLPF providing guidance for CBRND of detainees does

not exist. The protection of non-force members within the United States and its territories is constrained by available protective resources and impacted by OSHA requirements for

nonuniformed personnel. Staff training, processes, and planning/operating guidance do not adequately consider civilians supporting the mission and remaining within the AO,

particularly non-U.S. personnel. The provisioning and standards for civilians performing mission support tasks, activities, and functions are not adequately addressed for the

provision of military force equivalent CBRND IPE where and when appropriate. Civilians supporting the mission within the United States and its governed territories are governed

by OSHA requirements. Staff personnel representing selected activities such as fire department, EMS, and other similar standard response functions are aware and knowledgeable

of OSHA requirements and are involved in staff planning and operational processes. However, equipage of these personnel is currently restricted to selected activities and

functions. Further, host-nation standards and requirements similar to OSHA may exist and apply to non-U.S. personnel, activities, and functions supporting the mission and are not

generally known to the staff. Most civilian personnel, both those performing mission support and not, are not addressed in planning for survival and operations within a

CBRN/TIM environment.

³⁰ Equipping the force is an integral part of staff planning and preparation for operations with threat. Allocation and issuance of individual protective assets are detailed in plans

and tracked for accomplishment and operational readiness. However, the provisioning of individual protective equipment and measures to nonmilitary members of the force is not

adequately addressed in DOTLPF.

³¹ DOTLPF does not address and require the allocation of CBRND resources for the protection of MWDs. Plans call for the evacuation of MWAs upon notification of an

impending CBRN/TIM release.

³² Unit staff planning and preparations include preparing the force for operations within a CBRN/TIM environment. Degradation is considered in the development of taskings, R2

requirements, and force application. MOPP levels are developed, implemented, and adjusted to meet local operational needs and threat. Constant evaluation of force activities is

performed for necessary changes and modifications to maintain force operational capabilities.

³³ Currently, the transmission and reception of CBRN/TIM hazard alarm, warning, and report information is performed manually predominantly using ATP-45 formats and

processes. Each unit is responsible for ensuring potentially or indirectly affected subordinate units are notified of the hazard. This is generally performed using nondedicated

existing and available communication systems. All personnel are trained during military basic training and periodic CBRND training on alerting nearby personnel, warning those

in their area, and reporting the event as outlined in their unit procedures. This training is reinforced during deployment preparation for operations with a threat. CBRND specialists

are fully trained and receive recurring training on the conduct of performing CBRN warning and reporting. Units not possessing primary duty CBRND specialist do assign selected

staff personnel with CBRN responsibilities and provide access to the necessary training. CBRN warning and reporting competencies of these later personnel will vary, but

sufficient capability exists. Selected staff personnel are also trained using these warnings and reports to assess and recommend courses of action (COAs) to the commander for

maintenance of operations tempo (OPTEMPO) while providing for the safety and well-being of the force. Exercises and evaluations do not generally challenge all areas of unit

capabilities for alerting, warning, and reporting. Adjacent units, particularly non-U.S. and often other U.S. Services, may not receive alerts, warnings, and reports until after these

have been processed up through channels and then disseminated back down channels, creating unnecessary delays with potential ramifications for OPTEMPO and unit

survivability.

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³⁴ Equipping and supply the force is an integral part of planning and preparation. The combination of established force organic assets, material acquisitions, prepositioned material,

and movement of identified CBRND resources from stockpiles and reallocation activities are pursued by units staff with the Joint Task Force (JTF) staff to prepare and support

forces as outlined by the appropriate plan and adjusted to meet local operational requirements.

³⁵ Unit staff provides for R2 of personnel operating outside COLPRO at least once every 24 hours within COLPRO. Staff also manages COLPRO allocation and operations for

support of operational requirements and critical activities/functions.

³⁶ Legacy systems will remain in the inventory throughout the mid term. These systems will be gradually replaced by new joint systems of respiratory/ocular protection as they are

fielded. The JSAM replaces the Service-specific systems. When incorporated with anti-G protection of high-performance aircraft aviators, the JSAM will provide simultaneous

CBRN and anti-G protection. The JSAM is compatible with existing and programmed CBRN IPE, provides flame and thermal protection, and reduces the heat stress associated

with existing systems of ocular/respiratory protection. Further, the JSAM may be donned and doffed during flight. The JSGPM also replaces current Service-specific

ocular/respiratory protection. The system provides respiratory and ocular protection from CBRN agents and selected TIMs. Reduces wear encumbrances associated with existing

systems. The JSGPM will be OSHA-approved for use by DoD civilians and military personnel in nonmilitary unique operations. The JSGPM is designed to interface with current

and co-developmental chemical protective garments and to be compatible with mission-essential equipment. The JCESM is a COTS one-time use, one-size-fits-all,

respiratory/ocular protective system affording 2 hours of protection and is lightweight and disposable. The system is designed to provide low-level CBRN vapor, aerosol, and

particulate protection to the wearer for egressing the contaminated environment. The JCESM is projected for use when standard respiratory/ocular protection is not practical. The

JCESM is not programmed for general dissemination. The Guardian Program is projected to review, assess, and implement protection for critical members of the

installation/facility populace during the mid term. This will predominantly be COTS-based assets for respiratory/ocular protection. However, the Guardian Program is not expected

to address the provision of CBRND protective assets for general base populace, as well as eligible civilian protection within the AO for other than existing U.S. military

installations and facilities. MWA respiratory/ocular protection is not programmed or forecasted.

³⁷ Legacy systems will remain in the inventory throughout the mid term. These systems will be gradually replaced by new joint systems of percutaneous protection as they are

fielded. The JSLIST NBC Protective Garment is a two-piece, risk-taking, overgarment with integrated hood affording protection against CBRN agents and selected TIMs. The

garment reduces the physiological and psychological encumbrances associated with legacy systems. The JSLIST is under evaluation by NIOSH for application to OSHA

protection requirements. The JPACE replaces the Service-specific systems. The JPACE provides aircrew members with equivalent protection to the JSLIST ensemble. The JPACE

is designed to not interfere with emergency ejection from a combat aircraft and continues to provide CBRN percutaneous protection following ejection and during escape and

evasion operations. The ensemble is both flame-retardant and self-extinguishing to permit emergency egress from a burning aircraft. Further, the ensemble provides CBRN

protection when subject to rotor, propeller, and jet wash. Joint Service glove upgrades are provided under the Joint Block 1 and 2 Glove Upgrade Program (JB1/2GU) in the near

and mid term. The JB1GU responds to an urgent need by designated elements of the force for increased tactility/durability supporting mission requirements. The JB1GU is

expected to meet most of the requirements within the JSLIST Operational Requirements Document (ORD) and is viewed as an evolutionary approach in the development of the

JB2GU. Versions under consideration include a protective inner glove worn under existing warfighter gloves, a replacement glove for existing hand wear, or a combination of

glove shell and liner affording CBRN protection of the legacy gloves they are projected to replace. The JFIRE addresses protection of military firefighters within a CBRN/TIM

environment conducting firefighting operations involving structural and crash/firefighting/rescue. The JFIRE incorporates the JSLIST into firefighter bunker gear. The MULO is

projected to replace legacy footwear covers. The ability of the MULO to provide adequate antislip protection for USN personnel asea is under review. The Guardian Program is

projected to review, assess, and implement protection for critical members of the installation/facility populace during the mid term. This will predominantly be COTS-based assets

for percutaneous protection. However, the Guardian Program is not expected to address the provision of CBRND protective assets for general base populace, as well as eligible

civilian protection within the AO for other than existing U.S. military installations and facilities. MWA percutaneous protection is not programmed or forecasted.

³⁸ Fielding of the P3I upgraded CBPS for heavy/airborne use is projected for the mid term, as are two variants of the JSLNBCRS, the M93A1 Fox NBCRS Block II, and backfit of

LHA/LHDs to include CITADEL.

³⁹ The projected initial fielding of JECP within the mid term provides additional capabilities for the COLPRO protection of the force and critical activities/functions. JECP includes

COLPRO adaptive inserts for building/rooms and legacy tentage and stand-alone COLPRO sheltering for small units. The projected mid-term fielding of JECP may alleviate

COLPRO shortages but will likely be insufficient to satisfy all COLPRO requirements. Quantities to be fielded of these systems have not been determined. JTCOPS Block I is also

projected for initial fielding during the mid term. Prior planning and prioritization of COLPRO allocation is critical.

⁴⁰ The projected fielding of JWARN will decrease the time taken to disseminate alerting and warning information to the force. Additionally, JWARN will enable the notification of

adjacent units connected to the network. Manual notification methods and means will remain foundational for many units during the transition period and for elements of units.

⁴¹ The next-generation series of aviator and nonaviator masks is in R&D. The capabilities and fielding of these masks are not as yet determined.

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13.1.3

Functional Solution Analysis

13.1.3.1

DOTLPF Assessment Summary

This section addresses the deficiencies and suggests potential non-materiel solutions. If there are

no non-materiel solutions, or they are only partial solutions, the remaining non-materiel need is

then stated. Materiel needs are assessed in the IMA section.

Deficiency: Not all CBRND protective equipment and measures protect against all

CBRN/TIM agents.

Partial Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Ensure doctrine effectively describes the

limitations of CBRND protective equipment to enable users to choose appropriate equipment

for the threat encountered.

Deficiency: Encumbrances associated with ocular/respiratory and percutaneous protection

degrade performance and limit the conduct of certain tasks.

Partial Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Enforce existing doctrine addressing prolonged

wear of IPE and MOPP gear exchange. Organization: Develop organizational structures,

resources, staffing, and capabilities to support personnel exchange and R2 to preclude

degradation of tasks and to promote the well-being of the force. Training: Ensure training,

exercises, and evaluations effectively promote acclimation and endurance of wear of IPE.

Leadership: Ensure awareness of degradation effects.

Deficiency: Expeditionary operations are a particular concern as most CBRND systems and

associated logistics are not designed for a highly mobile force, with a reduced logistical

footprint, and for the initial period of operations until the theater matures (usually the first

30-90 days).

Partial Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Complete the JCIDS process and central

correlation/comparison of national and strategic plans to identify CBRND resources

necessary and available to support expeditionary operations during the first 30-90 days

following commencement of hostilities and with a reduced logistical footprint. Organization:

Develop organizational structures, resources, staffing, and capabilities to conduct

expeditionary operations while possessing reduced logistical footprint and during the first

30-90 days of operations following commencement of hostilities. Training: Train, exercise,

and evaluate expeditionary capabilities of the force in a CBRN/TIM threat with reduced

logistical footprint during the initial 30-90 days of operations using CBRND resources

supporting expeditionary operations. Leadership: Recognize differences and challenges

associated with expeditionary operations during the first 30-90 days following

commencement of hostilities and with a reduced logistical footprint, training providing skills

and knowledge to manage operations in these circumstances, and ability and willingness to

implement necessary changes and activities to prepare for and conduct expeditionary

operations with a CBRN/TIM threat. Facilities: Develop supporting infrastructure for

expeditionary operations during the first 30-90 days following commencement of hostilities

and with a reduced logistical footprint.

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Deficiency: DOTLPF for Protective Posture Protocols is inadequate or nonexistent

addressing CBRND of eligible civilians.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Promulgate doctrine, policy, and procedures addressing

eligible civilian personnel for CBRND. Organization: Identify organization services and

activities necessary to support survivability of eligible civilian personnel within a

CBRN/TIM environment. Training: Establish CBRND training, exercise, and evaluation

criteria and programs for eligible civilians; and conduct CBRND training, exercises, and

evaluations. Leadership: Implement and manage CBRND training, equipping, and protection

of eligible civilian personnel.

Deficiency: DOTLPF for Protective Posture Protocols is inadequate or nonexistent

addressing CBRND of MWAs.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Promulgate doctrine, policy, and procedures addressing

MWAs, particularly MWDs, for CBRND. Organization: Identify organization services and

activities necessary to support survivability of MWAs within a CBRN/TIM environment.

Training: Establish CBRND training, exercise, and evaluation criteria and programs for

MWAs and conduct CBRND training, exercises, and evaluations. Leadership: Implement

and manage CBRND training, equipping, and protection of MWAs.

Deficiency: Deploying eligible civilians are not equipped and trained to survive a

CBRN/TIM environment.

Partial Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Establish doctrine, policy, and procedures for

CBRND protection of eligible civilians and training for CBRN/TIM environment survival.

Organization: Ensure organizational consideration for maintenance and support of eligible

civilians CBRND protective equipment, measures, and activities. Training: Establish

institutional and unit training of eligible civilians for CBRND measures and activities.

Integrate into CBRND exercises and evaluations. Leadership: Ensure awareness and

planning for CBRND measures and requirements for eligible civilian survivability.

Facilities: Develop supporting infrastructure for eligible civilians CBRND (e.g., logistics,

medical, communications, training, etc.).

Deficiency: Deploying MWAs (particularly MWDs) are not equipped and trained to survive

a CBRN/TIM environment.

Partial Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Establish doctrine, policy, and procedures

CBRND protection of MWAs, particularly MWDs, and training for CBRN/TIM environment

survival. Organization: Ensure organizational consideration for maintenance and support of

MWA CBRND protective equipment, measures, and activities. Training: Establish

institutional and unit training of MWD handlers and MWDs for CBRND measures and

activities. Integrate into CBRND exercises and evaluations. Leadership: Ensure awareness

and planning for CBRND measures and requirements for MWA survivability.

Deficiency: The command staff does not possess clear guidance for planning and providing

CBRN/TIM protection training and CBRND protection resources to deploying eligible

civilians.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Promulgate doctrine, policy, and procedures addressing

civilian personnel and operations for CBRND. Organization: Identify organizational services

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and activities supporting the mission performed by civilian personnel and operations.

Training: Establish CBRND training, exercise, and evaluation criteria and programs for

eligible civilians. Conduct CBRND training, exercises, and evaluations. Leadership:

Implement and manage CBRND training, equipping, and protection of eligible civilians.

Personnel: Ensure that eligible civilians supporting the mission/military operations are

qualified in CBRND and capable of performing their responsibilities in a CBRN/TIM

environment. Facilities: Develop supporting infrastructure for eligible civilian CBRND (e.g.,

logistics, medical, veterinary surveillance, training, communications, etc.).

9. Deficiency: The command staff does not possess clear guidance for planning and providing

CBRN/TIM protection training and CBRND protection resources to deploying MWAs.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Promulgate doctrine, policy, and procedures addressing

MWA, particularly MWD, operations for CBRND. Organization: Identify organizational

services and activities supporting the mission performed by MWA CBRN/TIM survivability

and mission operations. Training: Establish CBRND training, exercise, and evaluation

criteria and programs for MWAs. Conduct CBRND training, exercises, and evaluations.

Leadership: Implement and manage CBRND training, equipping, and protection of MWAs.

Facilities: Develop supporting infrastructure for MWA CBRND (e.g., logistics, medical,

veterinary surveillance, training, communications, etc.).

10. Deficiency: Current doctrine, the Universal Joint Task List (UJTL), and operational planning

do not adequately address sustained operations within a CBRN/TIM environment.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Include in doctrine, policy, procedures, and UJTL

sustained operations within a CBRN/TIM environment. Training: Train, exercise, and

evaluate the force for sustained operations within a CBRN/TIM environment. Leadership:

Recognize criticality of readiness of the force for potential sustained operations within a

CBRN/TIM environment, training providing the skills to manage the force in these

circumstances, and willingness and ability to implement necessary changes and activities to

prepare and appropriately apply the force.

11. Deficiency: Exercises and training do not emphasize task performance and operations in a

CBRN/TIM environment.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Include in doctrine, policy, and procedures sustained

operations within a CBRN/TIM environment. Organization: Ensure resources, taskings, and

staff are in place or available to plan and perform sustained operations within a CBRN/TIM

environment. Training: Train, exercise, and evaluate the force for sustained operations within

a CBRN/TIM environment. Leadership: Recognize criticality of readiness of the force for

potential sustained operations within a CBRN/TIM environment, training providing the skills

to manage the force in these circumstances, and willingness and ability to implement

necessary changes and activities to prepare and appropriately apply the force.

12. Deficiency: COTS equipment not manufactured within the United States and not for U.S.

sale may or may not meet equivalent OSHA standards.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Include in doctrine, policy, and TTPs guidance for the

application of non-OSHA approved material for protection of eligible civilians.

Organization: Ensure resources, taskings, and staff are in place or available to plan, acquire,

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disseminate, and manage the provision of non-OSHA/standard force IPE assets and measures

to eligible civilians. Leadership: Ensure awareness of potential variances in requirements for

protection of eligible civilians. Ensure planning and preparation activities adequately address

this area. Facilities: Develop supporting infrastructure to support the provisioning of non-

OSHA-standard force IPE assets and measures to eligible civilians.

13. Deficiency: Inadequate COLPRO to support expeditionary and highly mobile forces

Partial Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Develop and disseminate appropriate doctrine,

policy, and procedures for the application of common materials for COLPRO and for

COLPRO kits and components. Organization: Develop organizational structures, resources,

staffing, and capabilities to enable effective application of available COLPRO and

implementation of expedient COLPRO capabilities. Training: Establish initial and recurring

training of all members of the force on the conduct of expedient COLPRO. Exercises and

evaluations incorporate criteria challenging this capability. Leadership: Recognize potential

for expedient COLPRO to improve force capabilities and survivability. Facilities: Develop

supporting infrastructure enabling expedient COLPRO and the effective application of

available COLPRO.

14. Deficiency: MWDs are not permitted into COLPRO unless specified by the command and/or

senior ranking person within the shelter.

Partial Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Establish in doctrine requirement for the

provision of COLPRO for MWDs in kenneling and field circumstances, as well as mandate

provisioning of COLPRO space in circumstances when MWD COLPRO is unavailable.

Leadership: Ensure awareness of value of force multiplying asset and criticality for

operations. Enforce compliance with doctrine.

15. Deficiency: CBRND of detainees is inadequate.

Partial Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Include in doctrine, policies, and TTPs

requirements and guidance for the provision of CBRND to detainees. Organization: Ensure

resources, taskings, and staff are in place or available to plan and conduct CBRND of

detainees. Training: Train, exercise, and evaluate the force for effective CBRND of

detainees. Leadership: Recognize criticality of protection of detainees within a CBRN/TIM

environment, training providing the skills to manage the force in these circumstances, and

willingness and ability to implement necessary changes and activities to prepare and

appropriately apply the force. Facilities: Develop infrastructure to support CBRND of

detainees.

16. Deficiency: Standard force individual protection does not meet OSHA standards.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Include requirement for standard force individual

protection to meet the appropriate OSHA protection standard, if applicable.

17. Deficiency: National standards and requirements similar to OSHA may exist and apply to

non-U.S. personnel, activities, and functions supporting the mission and are not generally

known to the staff.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Include in doctrine, policy, and TTPs guidance for the

application of non-OSHA approved material for protection of eligible civilians.

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Organization: Ensure resources, taskings, and staff are in place or available to plan, acquire,

disseminate, and manage the provision of non-OSHA-standard force IPE assets and measures

to eligible civilians. Leadership: Ensure awareness of potential variances in requirements for

protection of eligible civilians. Ensure planning and preparation activities adequately address

this area. Facilities: Develop supporting infrastructure to support the provisioning of non-

OSHA-standard force IPE assets and measures to eligible civilians.

18. Deficiency: Manual nature of current alerting and warning processes impact dissemination to

subordinate and neighboring units and implementation of MOPP requirements for CBRND.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Include requirement for cross-Service notification of

adjacent force elements. Training: Include cross-Service notification of adjacent force

elements in training criteria. Incorporate criteria into exercises and evaluations to challenge

alerting and notification of adjacent force elements. Leadership: Ensure awareness of

adjacent elements and criticality of time to protect the force. Facilities: Develop supporting

infrastructure for cross-Service communications.

13.1.3.2

IMA Assessment Summary

Table 13.1-3 is a list of ideas for material approaches and a corresponding description of each

idea. Approaches vary from modification of current IPE to developing new systems and

conducting early technology assessments. Significant issues remain concerning MWAs,

primarily establishing priorities concerning the need to develop IPE. Table 13.1-4 identifies

which of the material approaches might address specific materiel deficiencies identified in the

DOTMLPF assessment.

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Table 13.1-3. TASHLD 1: Materiel Approaches

Idea for Materiel Approach

Description

Assess CBRND material

Test and assess all CBRND material for protective abilities against future threat

agents, including TIM.

Broad-application above-the-neck

Develop above-the-neck respiratory protection with broad application for the

respiratory protection

general population, including MWAs.

Chemical air generation

Integrated compounds within warfighter’s IPE applying chemical reaction to

generate oxygen without reliance upon external sources.

Chemical treatment

Develop solution for treatment of existing MOPP suit and other warfighter clothing

fabric that neutralizes or block the effect of CBRN/TIM agents, including future

agents.

COTS CBRND IPE materiel for

Adapt COTS protective equipment, where necessary and desirable, for CBRND of

MWD protection

MWDs.

Develop COLPRO kits

Develop COLPRO kits containing all necessary supplies to construct field-

expedient COLPRO that is easily stored and maintained in ready condition, easily

and safely erected, operated, maintained, and striked within a CBRN/TIM

environment by IPE-encumbered personnel using minimal resources and supports

COLPRO requirements.

Develop and establish generic unit

Develop, preposition, and maintain reserve stocks of generic CBRND kits for a

CBRND kits

standard unit. Components are adjusted as necessary for specific operations

involving threat.

Develop MWD COLPRO

Develop or adapt joint level MWD transport and field kenneling systems for

COLPRO function as transporter, field shelter, and COLPRO.

Develop/adapt MWA transport system

Develop or adapt MWA transport systems to provide COLPRO protection from

with pressure/filtration

CBRN/TIM agents.

Disposable COLPRO

Develop one-time-use COLPRO that is rapidly erected with little instruction,

training, and effort and affords term protection for critical activities and functions,

maintenance and repair activities, prelocated consumables, as well as personnel

associated with this task.

Disposable IPE

Develop low-cost disposable IPE providing protection for transport aircrew

members and/or determine available COTS protection to support air operations in a

contaminated environment or while carrying contaminated cargo.

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Field-expedient COLPRO kits

Develop field-expedient COLPRO kits designed to adapt existing structures,

tentage, etc., for the expansion of COLPRO field capabilities and mission support

and the provision of collective protection to the force, critical functions and

activities, maintenance and repair activities and functions, resources, etc.

Field-expedient COLPRO materials

Identify commonly available materials (duct tape, plastic sheeting, wooden crate,

plywood, tarps, coverings, wraps, caulk, sealant gels/sprays, etc.) for application in

the construction of expedient COLPRO needed to construct field-expedient

COLPRO when COLPRO availability is limited or not advantageous.

Filtration system lowering inhalation

Improve current mask systems by reducing the inhalation effort required. Options

pressure requirement

may include air streaming into the mask from a contained system that either has a

stored supply or generates air flow.

Improved IPE garments and

Develop new generation of IPE garments and accessories (e.g., boots/boot covers,

accessories

gloves, hoods, etc.) using modern materials permitting greater range of motion,

longer wear without performance degradation, increased durability, integrated into

warfighter personal equipment, and protects against all threat CBRN and high-risk

TIM agents.

Integrate CBRN/TIM protective

Develop materials integrating CBRN/TIM protective capabilities and design

features into functional garments

standard functional garments using these materials for protection of the force.

Integrated mobile COLPRO

Develop warfighting platforms (air, land, and sea) with COLPRO that is an integral

part of the operational system and protects against current and future/advanced

agents.

Rebreathing

Closed circuit mechanism to permit an individual’s exhaled air to be filtered, CO₂

removed and recirculated for breathing, allowing user to make use of all available

oxygen in a closed environment.

Regenerative filtration

CBRN regenerative filters able to flush retained agent, neutralize agent, or by other

inherent means affords extended period of protection.

Respiratory protection for MWAs

Modify existing technology for application by MWAs to provide some protection

from CBRN/TIM. Specific masks would be desirable that are comparable to the

human form factor.

Topical

Develop topical barrier that is easily applied (i.e., spray), acts as a contact hazard

barrier, and affords protection from CBRN/TIM.

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13.2

Task TASHLD 2: Initiate medical prophylactic measures to counter CBRN/TIM

effects

13.2.1

Functional Area Analysis

13.2.1.1

Definition

Prophylaxis may be administered prior to actual exposure or following exposure but prior to

presentation of signs and symptoms. Prophylaxis may be administered prior to, during, or post

deployment. Prophylaxes exist for a number of chemical, biological, and radiological agents.

Medical prophylaxes prevent or reduce the agent effects from exposures and/or increase the

effectiveness of post exposure treatments. These preventive measures will reduce the number of

casualties requiring medical services, as well as decrease the impact upon operations resulting

from exposure to CBRN/TIM agents.

13.2.1.2

Derivation

Joint Enabling Concept for CBRN Operations, An Operational Concept for Biological Defense,

Protection Joint Functional Concept, UJTL (TA 7, TA 7.1).

13.2.1.2.1

Supported Task: N/A

13.2.1.2.2

Lateral Task: TASHA 24

13.2.1.2.3

Supporting Task: N/A

13.2.1.3

Condition

Perform this task under conditions of:

Physical

1 Undeveloped to highly developed land. (C1.1.1)

2. Riverine to open sea. (C1.2)

3. Natural and induced air. (C1.3)

4. Immediate to delayed danger, and potential long-term health hazard of atmospheric

weapons effects. (C1.3.3)

Military

1. Severe health status. (NEW¹)

2. Partially completed mission preparation. (C2.1.3)

¹ Proposed New Condition—Personnel Health Status (applicable Section C2.2): Degree to which personnel, due to

contraindications or preexisting conditions/illness, can be effectively diagnosed or receive medical prophylaxis or treatment.

Descriptors: Normal—Contraindications or conditions/illness do not exist. Limited—Conditions/illness exist complicating

diagnosis. Contraindication or condition/illness exists but alternate prophylaxis or treatment is available. Severe—

Contraindication or condition/illness exists and alternate prophylaxis or treatment is not available.

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3. Marginal to strong forces. (C2.2)

4. Good personnel physical conditioning. (C2.2.4.3)

5. Poor mission-essential government-service civilian physical conditioning. (C2.2.4.3 -

NEW)

6. Poor mission-essential contract-service civilian physical conditioning. (C2.2.4.3 - NEW)

7. Negligible personnel experience. (C2.2.4.5)

8. Limited staff expertise. (C2.3.1.3)

9. Limited deployed supplies. (C2.8.2)

10. Limited prepositioned materiel. (C2.8.4)

Civil

1. Poor civil health. (C3.3.1.4)

2. High health risk. (C3.3.1.5)

3. TIMs present in the civilian sector. (C3.3.7.5)

13.2.2

Functional Needs Analysis

13.2.2.1

Capability and Deficiency Assessment Summary

Tables 13.2-1 through 13.2-2 discuss medical prophylactic measures to provide protection of

warfighters against the effects of CBR agents. These prophylactic measures include preexposure,

post-exposure, and presymptomatic measures. The overall capabilities for current, near/mid, and

far term are rated “yellow.” Although improvements between the periods occur for specific

capabilities and are reflected in the associated identified values, the improved capabilities are not

sufficient to change the overall assessed color ratings for this task.

Current Capability and Deficiency

Medical prophylaxes do exist for the protection of the warfighter against specific biological and

chemical agents. However, few are FDA approved. A number possess investigational new drug

(IND) authorization for application. Medications are considered for their potential prophylactic

value, but are not always FDA approved for this purpose. Not all threat CBRN agents and high-

threat/high-risk TIMs (particularly toxic industrial chemical [TICs]) are addressed by CBRND

medical countermeasures. Efficacy, time to achieve a level of protection, and the number of

administrations vary between prophylaxes. Eligible civilians and MWAs are not adequately

addressed by DOTLPF for CBRND medical countermeasures. Clear DOTLPF addressing the

CBRND provisioning and training of eligible civilians is inadequate. MWAs are not afforded

prophylaxis against the effects of CBRN/TIM agents. MOPP DOTLPF is adequate for military

personnel and operations. The establishment of adjustable MOPP levels, reflective of local

operations and threat, are well defined, as are continuing evaluation for change/adjustments.

However, operations increasingly involve U.S. and non-U.S. civilians. MOPP DOTLPF does not

adequately address their presence and inclusion into MOPP methodologies and levels,

particularly when these personnel may (or may not) be prepared for CBRND operations.

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Projected Near/Mid-Term Capability and Deficiency

Ongoing R&D into medical prophylaxes will provide additional prophylactic measures but still

fail to address all threat CBRN agents and high-threat/high-risk TIM agents.

Projected Far-Term Capability and Deficiency

Continued R&D into potential medical prophylaxes may result in additional protective measures

for the force. However, specifics are unknown at this time.

13.2.2.2

Resource Systems

Individual Protection Medical Protection:

Vaccines: Immunizations providing a level of acquired immunity against the effects of

CBRN agents.

Topicals: Protective barrier products applied to the skin to enhance protection of wear

against contact with CBRN/TIM agents. Includes both inert and reactive materials.

Medications: Medical materials taken to mitigate or prevent the effects of exposure to

CBRN/TIM agents. Includes medications taken routinely or upon exposure (but prior to

symptom display) to build resistance/immunity or to mitigate/resolve medical impacts of

CBRN/TIM agent exposure/contamination.

MOPP Methodology: Stepped level of CBRND protective measures. Standardized levels permit

the rapid increase or decrease of unit MOPP level.

Unit Staff: The application of DOTLPF for all phases of operations with threat from preplanning

to post-force return to home stations. Includes all aspects of C2 and supporting staff

activities/functions (e.g., logistics, intelligence, etc.) enabling mission and task accomplishment.

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Table 13.2-1. TASHLD-2: Capability and Deficiency Assessment

System/Measure

Current

Individual Protection—Medical Protection

1¹

8²

6³

4⁴

3^1,5

6⁶

Mission-Oriented Protective Posture (MOPP) Methodology

7⁷

8⁸

6⁹

N/A

6⁶

Unit Staff

5¹⁰

9¹¹

7¹²

4^4,13

7¹⁴

6⁶

Near/Mid

Individual Protection—Medical Protection

1^1,15

8²

6³

4⁴

3^1,5

6⁶

MOPP

7⁷

8⁸

6⁹

N/A

6⁶

Unit Staff

5¹⁰

9¹¹

7¹²

4^4,13

7¹⁴

6⁶

Far

Individual Protection—Medical Protection

1^1,15,16

8²

6³

4⁴

3^1,5

6⁶

MOPP

7⁷

8⁸

6⁹

N/A

6⁶

Unit Staff

5¹⁰

9¹¹

7¹²

4^4,13

7¹⁴

6⁶

Overall

Current Overall Capability

Near/Mid-Term Overall Capability

Far-Term Overall Capability

FAA Measure

Scale

Forces can be protected by

8-10: Medical CBRND countermeasures exist and are available for all threat CBRN and high-risk TIM

medical prophylaxis for all

agents and encompass all eligible at-risk populations.

threat agents of concern in the

4-7: Medical CBRND countermeasures exist and are available for high-threat CBRN and selected high-risk

Joint Operations Area (JOA).

TIM agents for U.S. military and eligible civilian members supporting the mission/operations.

1-3: Medical CBRND countermeasures do not adequately address high-threat CBRN agents.

0: Medical CBRND countermeasures do not exist for CBRN agents.

Capability exists to rapidly and

8-10: Plans and tasked resources exist and are in place to rapidly and accurately implement and conduct

accurately initiate medical

effective medical response and focused medical measures upon notification of a CBRN/TIM threat or hazard

response and perform

within the AO.

necessary medical measures

4-7: Plans exist and identify taskings and resources for the implementation and conduct of medical response

upon identification of

and medical measures upon notification of a CBRN/TIM threat or hazard within the AO.

CBRN/TIM threat or hazard.

1-3: Plans exist and generally identify taskings and resources for the implementation and conduct of medical

response and medical measures upon notification of a CBRN/TIM threat or hazard within the AO.

0: Plans for the implementation and conduct of medical response and medical measures upon notification of

a CBRN/TIM threat or hazard within the AO are nonexistent.

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Force are trained to

8-10: All force members (military, eligible civilians, and MWA) are trained on the appropriate application

appropriately apply medical

and use of medical prophylaxis against threat CBRN/TIM agents.

prophylaxis.

4-7: Force members (military and eligible civilians support the mission) are trained on the appropriate

application and use of medical prophylaxis against threat CBRN/TIM agents.

1-3: Military force members are trained on the appropriate application and use of medical prophylaxis

against threat CBRN/TIM agents.

0: Training on the appropriate application and use of medical prophylaxis against threat CBRN/TIM agents

is nonexistent.

Medical personnel are trained

8-10: Medical personnel receive recurring training on the procedures, dosing, siting, application,

to appropriately administer

identification and mitigation of potential adverse reactions, and documentation associated with

prophylaxis.

administration of each medical prophylaxis.

4-7: Medical personnel are trained on the procedures, dosing, siting, application, identification and

mitigation of potential adverse reactions, and documentation associated with the administration of medical

prophylaxis.

1-3: Selected medical personnel are trained on the procedures, dosing, siting, application, identification and

mitigation of potential adverse reactions, and documentation associated with the administration of specific

medical prophylaxis associated with identified operational threat.

0: Medical personnel are not trained on the procedures, dosing, siting, application, identification, and

mitigation of potential adverse reactions, and documentation associated with the administration of medical

prophylaxis.

Prophylaxes are FDA approved

8-10: Available medical CBRND countermeasures are FDA approved.

4-7: Available medical CBRND countermeasures are FDA approved or possess IND status.

1-3: Available medical CBRND countermeasures include non-FDA approved/IND status CBRND medical

countermeasures.

0: Medical CBRND countermeasures are not FDA approved or possess IND status.

There is effective DOTMLPF

8-10: DOTLPF exists and is adequate for this task. Task can be effectively performed with little or no direct

in place to conduct task.

impact upon operations

4-7: Most critical aspects of DOTLPF for this task are addressed. Task can be performed with limitations

requiring work-arounds.

1-3: DOTLPF is inadequate for accomplishment of this task.

0: DOTLPF does not exist for this task.

¹ Forces are not protected against all identified threat CBRN/TIM capabilities. Medical prophylaxis does not exist for all threat CBRN/TIM agents. Current prophylaxis

and supporting doctrine, policy, and procedures do not address presymptomatic medical CBRND protective countermeasures by other than U.S. forces, excluding

MWAs and eligible civilians. Prophylaxis against most high-threat TIMs are not currently available due to the relatively recent consideration of these agents as a

potential threat. Additionally, the efficacy of existing prophylaxis, particularly vaccines, widely varies. Military personnel are administered and/or issued CBRND

medical countermeasures for operations with threat. Vaccines for selected biological agents, topicals, and preexposure and/or post-exposure/presymptomatic medications

are applied to mitigate or preclude the effects of specific CBRN/TIM agents. Currently, preexposure prophylaxis is available for nerve agents (G and V series), and

vesicants (H, HD, HN, L, CX), topical only. SERPACWA is the preexposure countermeasure for vesicants and one nerve agent. TSP is approved by the FDA as a

supplement for SERPACWA. Post-exposure prophylaxis is available for pulmonary (CG) agent, but is not FDA approved. Radioprotective steroids and neutraceuticals

may be effective as pre- and post-exposure prophylactics. 5-androstenediol is an IND preexposure treatment for radiological exposure. Iodide/potassium iodide is FDA

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approved for application against Iodine 131, 132, 134, and 135. Post-exposure radiological exposure prophylaxis consists of neutraceuticals, plant isoflavone genistein,

and alpha tocopherol (Vitamin E) but are not approved by the FDA for prophylaxis against radiation. FDA-approved preexposure medical countermeasures are available

for anthrax, cholera, HFRS (Haantan), Rift Valley fever, yellow fever, HFRS (Haantan), and smallpox. IND status vaccines are currently available for Q-fever, tularemia

(although use has been placed on hold by the FDA), Botulinum, Junin hemorrhagic fever, and VEE/WEE/EEE. Antiviral/bacterial medications may be administered

and/or issued to provide a level of protection against biological agents. Medical prophylaxes are developed for the military force. Prophylaxis for MWAs is virtually

nonexistent. Prophylaxis for eligible civilians is not addressed. Availability of prophylaxis is questionable for issue and administration to eligible civilians. The issue and

administration of prophylaxis to eligible civilians requires review due to questions regarding applicability to the range of body types, ages, and physical/medical factors

inherent within a potential population, as well as long-term health issues and legal implications.

² The force is equipped with prophylaxes for selected threat agents, trained in their application and identification of symptoms, and are instructed on the proper use of the

material, whether preexposure or post-exposure/presymptomatic. The conduct of an accurate threat analysis drawing upon multiple correlated sources is critical to the

identification of threats to the force and the appropriate prophylactic treatment. Rapid detection and characterization of the agent with dissemination of the information

throughout the force is important to the accurate application of prophylaxes used for post-exposure/presymptomatic treatment.

³ Military members tasked to participate in operations with threat are briefed on the threat agents and associated CBRND measures, including medical prophylaxes. If

preexposure and/or post-exposure/presymptomatic prophylaxes are issued, the force is trained on the use of the medication. However, CBRND prophylaxes for MWAs

do not exist, and DOTLPF is inadequate for the training of non-U.S. military personnel for prophylactic treatment of CBRN/TIM agent exposure.

⁴ Medical practitioners and Medical Corps support personnel are formally trained on the administration of medications for standard medical treatment. The application of

this training to prophylaxes is generally transparent. However, IND prophylaxes place increased requirements upon medical personnel to ensure the protocols for the

particular prophylaxis are stringently followed and the recipients are fully briefed. DOTLPF requires documentation of the prophylaxis be placed within the recipient’s

medical records. Additional reporting and documentation requirements may be applied to a specific IND prophylaxis treatment. However, medical personnel are not

generally trained on IND requirements and specifics for particular IND prophylaxis treatments. Generally, personnel tasked to perform the administration and

documentation of the treatments are provided a short briefing with reading material to prepare to conduct the activity. The depth of the briefing varies between units.

⁵ Not all prophylaxes are FDA approved. Several are categorized and applied as IND medical measures. Although FDA approval is a criteria for medical material applied

as prophylaxes, the limited quantities required by DoD and the lack of a commercial demand may dictate many prophylactic measures do not achieve full FDA approval.

Further, selected medications may be applied prophylactically. While a number may possess FDA approval, they may not be not approved for prophylactic use by the

FDA and therefore may not be considered FDA approved.

⁶ DOTLPF exists for the conduct of this task for military personnel. However, DOTLPF for this task as applies to non-U.S. military personnel and MWAs is inadequate

for the protection and survival of these personnel in a CBRN/TIM environment.

⁷ Plans incorporate MOPP levels and methodologies and are adjustable to meet local operations and threat needs. MOPP levels and methodologies apply to military

personnel and are generally considered to apply to equipped nonmilitary personnel (although doctrine, policy, procedures, and TTPs do not address application to these

personnel). The MOPP methodologies in planning and operations include CBRND medical countermeasures and IPE to mitigate or prevent the effects of CBRN/TIM

agents.

⁸ Unit MOPP level guidance and planning includes prophylaxes. Materials are administered/issued according to the developed plans and guidance.

⁹ Forces are trained to perform the actions associated with the appropriate MOPP level, including the administration of prophylactic materials, as outlined in Unit plans

and guidance.

¹⁰ Unit staff planning and operational activities address the identification, allocation, and application of CBRND medical countermeasures by the force for operations

with threat. Detailed guidance and instructions are provided to participating units for effective preparation and post-event activities and actions for CBRN/TIM agents.

Unit staff personnel planning is guided by current doctrine, policy, procedures, and TTPs. DOTLPF does not adequately address the administration and issue of

prophylaxis to eligible civilians and other non-U.S. military personnel. Staff training, processes, and planning/operating guidance do not adequately consider civilians

supporting the mission and remaining within the AO, particularly non-U.S. personnel. The provisioning and standards for civilians performing mission support tasks,

activities, and functions are not adequately addressed for the provision of military force equivalent CBRND where and when appropriate. The administration and

issuance of prophylaxis is addressed by the staff during the planning and support for operations. Prophylaxis for MWAs is virtually nonexistent. Prophylaxis for eligible

civilians is not adequately addressed in current doctrine, policy, and procedures. National policies of the coalition/non-U.S. forces regarding medical prophylaxis is a

factor the commander and supporting staff must consider during planning and operations. Religious considerations may also impact the use of medical prophylaxis.

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¹¹ Medical and operational unit plans identify taskings and resources for the preparation of the force for operations with threat, and support of the force throughout

operations, including CBRND operations. Specific implementation measures for the application of prophylactic immunizations and treatments (not issued to the

individual) are addressed in the medical unit plans. The combination of established element organic assets, prepositioned material, and movement of identified CBRND

resources from stockpiles and reallocation activities pursued by the medical and operational unit staffs, in collaboration and coordination with each other and higher

authorities, to prepare and support forces as outlined in plans and adjusted to the circumstances. Medical resources and systems are reallocated, when necessary and in

coordination with higher authorities, by medical authorities from prepositioned and dispersed stocks of Medical Services elements deploying or operating within an OA

to rapidly and accurately address CBRN/TIM hazard exposure of the force.

¹² Unit staff planning for operations with threat includes the preparation and equipping of the tasked forces for CBRN/TIM operations. Medical prophylactic protection is

one component of CBRND. The threat is compared to available prophylactic treatments in coordination with Medical Services to identify and obtain the appropriate

material. Prophylactic material self-administered periodically or applied upon exposure, but prior to symptomatic display, are issued and personnel are trained on the

specific prophylaxes. The training is documented and incorporated into the unit’s readiness determinations. Prophylactic material applied upon exposure, but prior to

symptomatic display, are issued and personnel are trained on the specific prophylaxes.

¹³ Medical staff ensure medical practitioners and Medical Corps support personnel are trained and ready to brief, administer, and document administration of prophylaxes

appropriately.

¹⁴ Unit and associated medical staff ensure personnel administered or issued IND medications and other non-FDA approved medical materials are fully informed and are

briefed as outlined in doctrine, policies, and procedures related to this task and non-FDA-approved materials.

¹⁵ Cell Culture Derived Vaccinia is projected for production during the near-term. Clostridium Botulinum Toxin Medical Defense System is projected for availability

during the mid term for Serotypes A, B, C, E, and F. The SERPACWA Active TSP is also projected for production during the late mid term.

¹⁶ Active TSPs are projected for replacement of SERPACWA TSP and SERPACWA Active TSP in the far term. The Chemical Agent Prophylaxis and Cyanide

Pretreatment are also projected for the far term. The Multivalent VEE Vaccine is projected to begin production in FY2013. The Next-Generation Anthrax Vaccine,

Tularemia Vaccine, and Plague Vaccine are projected for production beginning in FY2010. Serotypes A and B are addressed in the Recombinant Bivalent Botulinum

Vaccine projected for production in FY2012. A number of R&D efforts are under way for the development of preexposure and post-exposure prophylaxes. Potentially,

these efforts may produce viable prophylaxes within the mid and far term resulting in fielded material. However, possible resulting prophylaxes cannot be predicted at

this time.

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13.2.3

Functional Solution Analysis

13.2.3.1

DOTLPF Assessment Summary

This section addresses the deficiencies and suggests potential non-materiel solutions. If there are

no non-materiel solutions, or they are only partial solutions, the remaining non-materiel need is

then stated. Materiel needs are assessed in the IMA section.

Deficiency: Forces are not protected against all identified threat CBRN/TIM capabilities.

Partial Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Establish in doctrine, policy, and procedures the

application of standards for prophylactic CBRND protection against all threat agents.

Leadership: Enforce compliance with established standards (see Doctrine) for prophylactic

CBRND protection.

Deficiency: Medical prophylaxis does not exist for all threat CBRN/TIM and TIM agents.

Partial Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Establish in doctrine, policy, and procedures the

application of standards for prophylactic CBRND protection against all threat agents.

Leadership: Enforce compliance with established standards (see Doctrine) for prophylactic

CBRND protection. Implement and ensure training is adequate and conduct exercises and

evaluations to ensure readiness.

Deficiency: Current prophylaxis and supporting doctrine, policy, and procedures to not

address presymptomatic medical CBRND protective countermeasures by other than U.S.

forces, excluding eligible civilians.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Promulgate doctrine, policy, and procedures addressing

eligible civilians during CBRND operations and the provision of CBRND protection,

including prophylaxis. Training: Establish CBRND training, exercise, and evaluation criteria

and programs for eligible civilians and conduct CBRND training, exercises, and evaluations.

Leadership: Implement and manage CBRND training, equipping, and protection of eligible

civilians.

Deficiency: Current prophylaxis and supporting doctrine, policy, and procedures to not

address presymptomatic medical CBRND protective countermeasures by other than U.S.

forces, excluding MWAs.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Promulgate doctrine, policy, and procedures addressing

MWAs, particularly MWDs, during CBRND operations and the provision of CBRND

protection, including prophylaxis. Training: Establish CBRND training, exercise, and

evaluation criteria and programs for MWAs and conduct CBRND training, exercises, and

evaluations. Leadership: Implement and manage CBRND training, equipping, and protection

of MWAs.

Deficiency: Prophylaxis against most high-threat TIMs are not currently available due to the

relatively recent consideration of these agents as a potential threat.

Partial Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Establish in doctrine, policy, and procedures the

application of metrics for standards and criteria for protection against all high-threat TIM

agents. Training: Train, exercise, and evaluate personnel (military and eligible civilians) on

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the use of prophylactic CBRND protection against threat agents. Leadership: Enforce

compliance with established metrics for standards and criteria. Implement and ensure training

is adequate and conduct exercises and evaluations to ensure readiness.

Deficiency: The efficacy of existing prophylaxis, particularly vaccines, widely varies.

Partial Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Establish in doctrine, policy, and procedures the

application of baseline standards for prophylactic CBRND protection against all threat

agents. Leadership: Enforce compliance with established standards (see Doctrine) for

prophylactic CBRND protection.

Deficiency: Short-notice operations and reallocated taskings impact the administration and

issue of prophylaxis for the threat.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Establish in doctrine, policy, and procedures the

application of baseline standards for prophylactic CBRND protection against all threat

agents. Leadership: Enforce compliance with established standards (see Doctrine) for

prophylactic CBRND protection.

Deficiency: Forces have, and may in the future, require medical prophylaxis administration/

issue upon arrival in the area of responsibility (AOR).

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Emphasize in doctrine, policies, and procedures for

preparation of the force for CBRND protection during and throughout deployment,

redeployment, relocation, and en route phases of movement. Organization: Ensure resources,

taskings, and staff are in place or available to perform CBRND operations within a

CBRN/TIM environment by deploying, redeploying, relocating, and en route forces.

Training: Train, exercise, and evaluate the force for CBRND operations within a CBRN/TIM

environment while deploying, redeploying, relocating, and en route. Leadership: Recognize

criticality of readiness of the force for potential CBRND operations within a CBRN/TIM

environment while deploying, redeploying, relocation, and en route; training providing the

skills to manage the force in these circumstances; and willingness and ability to implement

necessary changes and activities to prepare and appropriately protect the force. Facilities:

Develop supporting infrastructure for CBRND operations of the force while preparing,

deploying, redeploying, relocating, and en route.

Deficiency: The administration of many vaccines requires multiple administrations over a

period of time for acquired immunity.

Partial Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Include in doctrine, policy, and procedures

requirement for CBRN/TIM protective prophylaxis protecting the force through the

deployment cycle. Organization: Establish organizational incentives to address CBRN/TIM

protective prophylaxis providing protection of the force throughout the deployment cycle.

Leadership: Ensure standards, criteria, and metrics for CBRN/TIM medical prophylaxis

R&D are concise and adequately protect the force throughout the deployment cycle with a

minimum of administrations, preferably one.

10. Deficiency: Prophylaxis for MWA is virtually nonexistent.

Partial Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Establish doctrine, policy, and procedures

CBRND protection of MWAs, particularly MWDs, and training for CBRN/TIM environment

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survival. Organization: Ensure organizational consideration for maintenance and support of

MWA CBRND protective equipment, measures, and activities. Training: Establish

institutional and unit training of handlers and MWAs for CBRND measures and activities.

Leadership: Ensure awareness and planning for CBRND measures and requirements for

MWA survivability. Facilities: Develop supporting infrastructure for MWA CBRND (e.g.,

logistics, veterinary surveillance, etc.).

11. Deficiency: Prophylaxis for eligible civilians is not addressed.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Establish in doctrine, policy, and procedures

requirement to address the administration, provision, and application of medical CBRND

protective countermeasures by other than U.S. forces (e.g., civilians, non-U.S. forces, etc.).

Organization: Address organizational issues (e.g., who provides the equipment, support

forces to train and equip, etc.) related to the provision of CBRN/TIM protection to eligible

civilians and non-U.S. forces. Training: Include eligible civilians in CBRND training,

exercises, and evaluations. Identify training requirements and responsibilities for non-U.S.

forces. Leadership: Ensure leadership awareness of criticality of increased dependence of

military operations upon civilians. Personnel: Require eligible civilians supporting the

mission to meet minimum standards for safe use of CBRND resources.

12. Deficiency: Availability of prophylaxis is questionable for issue and administration to

eligible civilians.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Establish in doctrine, policy, and procedures the

application of CBRND standards and prophylaxis for protection of eligible civilians

addressing the variation within a potential protected population. Training: Establish CBRND

training, exercise, and evaluation criteria and programs for eligible civilians and conduct

CBRN/TIM training, exercises, and evaluations, where appropriate. Leadership: Implement

and manage CBRND training, equipping, and protection of eligible civilians.

13. Deficiency: The issue and administration of prophylaxis to eligible civilians requires review

due to questions regarding applicability to the range of body types, ages, and physical/

medical factors inherent within a potential population, as well as possible long-term health

issues and legal implications.

Partial Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Establish in doctrine, policy, and procedures the

application of standards and measures for protection of eligible civilians addressing the

variation within the potential protected population. Leadership: Establish CBRND training,

exercise, and evaluation criteria and programs for eligible civilians and conduct CBRN/TIM

training, exercises, and evaluations.

14. Deficiency: Prophylaxis for eligible civilians is not adequately addressed in current doctrine,

policy, and procedures.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Establish in doctrine, policy, and procedures

requirement to address the administration, provision, and application of medical CBRND

protective countermeasures by other than U.S. forces (e.g., civilians, non-U.S. forces, etc.).

Organization: Address organizational issues (e.g., who provides the equipment, support

forces to train and equip, etc.) related to the provision of CBRN/TIM protection to eligible

civilians and non-U.S. forces. Training: Include eligible civilians in CBRND training,

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exercises, and evaluations. Identify training requirements and responsibilities for non-U.S.

forces. Leadership: Ensure leadership awareness of criticality of increased dependence of

military operations upon civilians. Personnel: Require eligible civilians supporting the

mission to meet minimum standards for safe use of CBRND resources.

15. Deficiency: MWAs are not equipped, trained, and prepared for survival in a CBRN/TIM

environment.

Partial Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Establish doctrine, policy, and procedures

CBRND protection of MWAs, particularly MWDs, and training for CBRN/TIM environment

survival. Organization: Ensure organizational consideration for maintenance and support of

MWA CBRND protective equipment, measures, and activities. Training: Establish

institutional and unit training of handlers and MWAs for CBRND measures and activities.

Leadership: Ensure awareness and planning for CBRND measures and requirements for

MWA survivability. Facilities: Develop supporting infrastructure for MWA CBRND (e.g.,

logistics, veterinary surveillance, etc.).

16. Deficiency: Existing DOTLPF is inadequate, or nonexistent, for eligible civilians.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Promulgate doctrine, policy, and procedures addressing

eligible civilian personnel for CBRND. Organization: Identify organization services and

activities necessary to support survivability of eligible civilian personnel within a

CBRN/TIM environment. Training: Establish CBRND training, exercise, and evaluation

criteria and programs for eligible civilians; and conduct CBRND training, exercises, and

evaluations. Leadership: Implement and manage CBRND training, equipping, and protection

of eligible civilian personnel.

17. Deficiency: Existing DOTLPF is inadequate, or nonexistent, for MWAs.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Promulgate doctrine, policy, and procedures addressing

eligible civilian personnel and MWAs, particularly MWDs, for CBRND. Organization:

Identify organization services and activities necessary to support survivability of MWAs

within a CBRN/TIM environment. Training: Establish CBRND training, exercise, and

evaluation criteria and programs for MWAs and conduct CBRND training, exercises, and

evaluations. Leadership: Implement and manage CBRND training, equipping, and protection

of MWAs.

18. Deficiency: The command staff does not possess clear guidance for planning and providing

CBRN/TIM protection training and CBRND protection resources to deploying eligible

civilians.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Promulgate doctrine, policy, and procedures addressing

civilian personnel and operations for CBRND. Organization: Identify organizational services

and activities supporting the mission performed by civilian personnel and operations.

Training: Establish CBRND training, exercise, and evaluation criteria and programs for

eligible civilians; and conduct CBRND training, exercises, and evaluations. Leadership:

Implement and manage CBRND training, equipping, and protection of eligible civilians.

Personnel: Ensure that eligible civilians supporting the mission/military operations are

qualified in CBRND and capable of performing their responsibilities in a CBRN/TIM

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environment. Facilities: Develop supporting infrastructure for eligible civilian CBRND (e.g.,

logistics, medical, veterinary surveillance, training, communications, etc.).

19. Deficiency: The command staff does not possess clear guidance for planning and providing

CBRN/TIM protection training and CBRND protection resources to deploying MWAs.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Promulgate doctrine, policy, and procedures addressing

MWAs, particularly MWDs, and operations for CBRND. Organization: Identify

organizational services and activities supporting the mission performed by MWA

CBRN/TIM survivability and mission operations. Training: Establish CBRND training,

exercise, and evaluation criteria and programs for MWDs and conduct CBRND training,

exercises, and evaluations. Leadership: Implement and manage CBRND training, equipping,

and protection of MWAs. Personnel: Ensure that eligible civilians supporting the

mission/military operations are qualified in CBRND and capable of performing their

responsibilities in a CBRN/TIM environment. Facilities: Develop supporting infrastructure

for MWD and eligible civilian CBRND (e.g., logistics, medical, veterinary surveillance,

training, communications, etc.).

20. Deficiency: Medical personnel are not generally trained on IND requirements and specifics

for particular IND prophylaxis treatments.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Enforce existing doctrine.

21. Deficiency: Not all prophylaxes are FDA approved.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Require FDA approval of all prophylaxes, including

medications potentially applied as prophylaxes. The latter requires specific approval as

prophylactic treatment. Develop DoD policies to provide required R&D to gain FDA

approval of medical prophylaxis.

22. Deficiency: Current prophylaxes and supporting DOTLPF do not address presymptomatic

medical CBRND protective countermeasures for eligible civilians and non-U.S. forces.

Partial Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Establish in doctrine, policy, and TTPs guidance

and instructions for the application of presymptomatic medical CBRND protective

countermeasures for eligible civilians and non-U.S. forces. Organization: Ensure resources,

taskings, and staff are in place or available to plan, disseminate/administer, and monitor

presymptomatic medical CBRND protective countermeasures for eligible civilians and non-

U.S. forces. Training: Train, potential eligible civilians on presymptomatic medical CBRND

protective countermeasures. Leadership: Recognize criticality of protection of eligible

civilians within a CBRN/TIM environment, training providing the skills to manage the force

in these circumstances, and willingness and ability to implement necessary changes and

activities to prepare and appropriately apply force resources. Facilities: Develop supporting

infrastructure to support presymptomatic medical CBRND protective countermeasures of

eligible civilians.

23. Deficiency: Current prophylaxes and supporting DOTLPF do not address presymptomatic

medical CBRND protective countermeasures for MWAs.

Partial Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Establish in doctrine, policy, and TTPs guidance

and instructions for the application of presymptomatic medical CBRND protective

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countermeasures for MWAs. Organization: Ensure resources, taskings, and staff are in place

or available to plan, disseminate/administer, and monitor presymptomatic medical CBRND

protective countermeasures for MWAs. Training: Train, non-U.S. forces on presymptomatic

MWA medical CBRND protective countermeasures. Leadership: Recognize criticality of

protection of MWAs within a CBRN/TIM environment, training providing the skills to

manage the force in these circumstances, and willingness and ability to implement necessary

changes and activities to prepare and appropriately apply force resources. Facilities: Develop

supporting infrastructure to support presymptomatic medical CBRND protective

countermeasures of MWAs.

24. Deficiency: DOTLPF for Protective Posture Protocols is inadequate or nonexistent

addressing CBRND of eligible civilians.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Promulgate doctrine, policy, and procedures addressing

eligible civilian personnel for CBRND. Organization: Identify organization services and

activities necessary to support survivability eligible civilian personnel within a CBRN/TIM

environment. Training: Establish CBRND training, exercise, and evaluation criteria and

programs for eligible civilians; and conduct CBRND training, exercises, and evaluations.

Leadership: Implement and manage CBRND training, equipping, and protection of eligible

civilian personnel.

25. Deficiency: DOTLPF for Protective Posture Protocols is inadequate or nonexistent

addressing CBRND of MWAs.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Promulgate doctrine, policy, and procedures addressing

MWAs, particularly MWDs, for CBRND. Organization: Identify organization services and

activities necessary to support survivability of MWAs within a CBRN/TIM environment.

Training: Establish CBRND training, exercise, and evaluation criteria and programs for

MWAs and conduct CBRND training, exercises, and evaluations. Leadership: Implement

and manage CBRND training, equipping, and protection for MWAs.

13.2.3.2

IMA Assessment Summary

Table 13.2-2 is a list of ideas for material approaches and a corresponding description of each

idea. Approaches focus on development of new / improved vaccines and antidotes that are: more

affective; more efficiently introduced into the body; and address a broader range of threat agents

(combination of agents). Table 13.2-3 identifies which of the material approaches might address

specific materiel deficiencies identified in the DOTMLPF assessment.

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Table 13.2-2. TASHLD 2: Materiel Approaches

Idea for Materiel Approach

Description

Combinatorial prophylaxes

Develop prophylaxes affording protection or minimizing the impact from a broad range of

CBRN/TIM agents.

Current prophylaxes

There currently exists a variety of prophylaxes used for protection against CBRN. FDA

testing and necessary modifications of prophylactics must be made to obtain FDA approval.

Review available medical material and prophylaxes for application to high-risk TIMs.

Future prophylaxes

Some preexposure prophylaxes for biological agents require several administrations,

immunity attainment is time-consuming, or the period of coverage does not address the full

operational period. Future prophylaxes should provide immunity against all known threat

CBRN and high-risk TIM agents, as well as potential future threat agents, and be FDA

approved. CBRND medical countermeasures are needed providing a sustained level of

protection over an extended period of time (minimally the operational period), do not require

multiple administrations, are easily disseminated and administered, support a minimum level

of protection, protect against a broad range of agents, cover the range of preexposure to post-

exposure/presymptomatic application needs, and are applicable to the protected population

(including eligible civilians).

MWA prophylaxes

Develop or adapt CBRND medical countermeasures and Veterinary Medicine for

preexposure and post-exposure/presymptomatic protection of MWD from CBRN/TIM.

Develop topical that is easy to apply and provides shielding from CBRN/TIM, preventing

agent absorption through hair or skin.

Prepositioned/reserve CBRN

Establish and maintain sufficient stocks of prepositioned and reserve CBRND medical

medical resources

resources identified in plans and required to support multiple operations with threat and

ensure availability for expeditious movement to the and within the AO in the event of a

CBRN event.

Prophylactic administration to

Prophylaxes address dosage range for eligible civilians (e.g., children, elderly, overweight,

diverse groups

underweight subjects, etc.). Stabilize prophylactic effects over a wide range of dosages to

address diverse applications of targeted populations.

Topical

Develop topical barrier that is easily applied (i.e., spray), acts as a contact hazard barrier, and

affords protection from CBRN/TIM.

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Table 13.2-3. TASHLD 2: IMA Assessment

Ideas for Material

Approaches

(IMA)

Identified Gaps

Forces are not protected against all identified threat CBRN/TIM capabilities.

Medical prophylaxis does not exist for all threat CBRN/TIM and TIM agents.

Prophylaxis against most high-threat TIMs are not currently available due to the

relatively recent consideration of these agents as a potential threat.

The efficacy of existing prophylaxis, particularly vaccines, widely varies.

The administration of many vaccines requires multiple administrations over a

period of time for acquired immunity

Prophylaxis for MWA is virtually nonexistent

The issue and administration of prophylaxis to eligible civilians requires review

due to questions regarding applicability to the range of body types, ages, and

physical/medical factors inherent within a potential population, as well as

possible long-term health issues and legal implications

MWAs are not equipped, trained, and prepared for survival in a CBRN/TIM

environment

Current prophylaxes and supporting DOTLPF do not address presymptomatic

medical CBRND protective countermeasures for eligible civilians, non-U.S.

forces.

Current prophylaxes and supporting DOTLPF do not address presymptomatic

medical CBRND protective countermeasures for MWAs.

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13.3

Task TASHLD 3: Protect casualties unable to wear standard individual protection

equipment

13.3.1

Functional Area Analysis

13.3.1.1

Definition

Casualties may include existing patients of a medical facility and the wounded and injured

resulting from accidents or adversary attack. Treatment may require transport of exposed

personnel for medical evaluation, continued care, or theater evacuation. CBRN protection must

be available at all times for casualties and for personnel (medical and unit) charged with

treatment and transport. Casualties may be medically unable to wear standard IPE. These

casualties must be protected from contamination, if uncontaminated. Contaminated infectious

casualties may require application of casualty IPE to prevent secondary contamination/exposure

of personnel and equipment. Medical personnel must be able to render aid to the casualty inside

the IPE without the risk of infiltration/exfiltration of contaminants. This task may include

medical evaluation, treatment, and oversight. Removing contaminated casualties from the front

reduces the amount of protection required by forces staying behind. Early reduction of MOPP

will decrease mission degradation and increase mission performance.

13.3.1.2

Derivation

Joint Enabling Concept for CBRN Operations, An Operational Concept for Biological Defense,

Protection Joint Functional Concept, UJTL (TA 7, TA 7.1).

13.3.1.2.1

Supported Task: N/A

13.3.1.2.2

Lateral Task: TASHA 24

13.3.1.2.3

Supporting Task: N/A

13.3.1.3

Condition

Perform this task under conditions of:

Physical

1. Undeveloped to highly developed land. (C1.1.1)

2. Riverine to open sea. (C1.2)

3. Natural and induced air. (C1.3)

4. Immediate to delayed danger, and potential long-term health hazard of atmospheric

weapons effects. (C1.3.3)

Military

1. Partially completed mission preparation. (C2.1.3)

2. Marginal forces. (C2.2)

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3. Marginal to adequate forces allocated. (C2.2.3)

4. Negligible personnel experience. (C2.2.4.5)

5. Limited staff expertise. (C2.3.1.3)

6. Limited deployed supplies. (C2.8.2)

7. Limited CONUS resupply. (C2.8.3)

8. No prepositioned materiel. (C2.8.4)

9. No host-nation support. (C2.8.5)

10. Negligible to limited commercial procurement. (C2.8.6)

Civil. N/A

13.3.2

Functional Needs Analysis

13.3.2.1

Capability and Deficiency Assessment Summary

Tables 13.3-1 discuss current capabilities used and future capabilities projected to accomplish

this task. The overall capabilities for current, near/mid, and far term are rated “yellow.” Although

improvements between the periods occur for specific capabilities and are reflected in the

associated identified values, the improved capabilities are not sufficient to change the overall

assessed color ratings for this task.

Current Capability and Deficiency

Standard transport methods and means continue to be critical both in transporting contaminated

casualties, as well as transporting uncontaminated casualties through contaminated areas. Two

categories of casualty movement are considered: first, the movement of uncontaminated

casualties through areas of contamination (e.g., movement of patients from COLPRO within a

contaminated area, etc.) and second, the movement of contaminated casualties through clean

areas or using clean transport (e.g., contaminated casualties evacuated from a contamination

zone to a treatment facility within a clean area, contaminated casualties carried by

uncontaminated transport, etc.). The wearing of standard IPE is still the preferred current

solution that affords the patient maximum possible protection. However, training is required to

protect the medical personnel from secondary contamination. Additionally, medical units are not

equipped with CBRND respiratory/ocular and percutaneous protection in sufficient quantities to

replace contaminated patient IPE. The PPW offers protection to transporters and medical care

providers but prevents full access to the patient for treatment, limits the application of medical

systems, and requires the use of respiratory/ocular protection in proximity to the patient.

DOTLPF does not adequately address protection of casualties unable to wear ocular/respiratory

protection during periods outside of COLPRO. The protection of the casualty, handlers, medical

personnel and associated assets is critical and foundational to this task. Replacement IPE for

patients and casualties is not adequately addressed in DOTLPF. Current DOTLPF requires the

patient/casualty assigned unit provide the individual’s IPE to Medical Services. However, this

procedure is not operationally feasible, and joint doctrine needs to address resupply of

patient/casualty IPE. The movement of contaminated/exposed/infectious casualties is an issue

involving potential survivability of the casualty and in the absence of negative pressure isolation

systems. Standard land transport is the preferred method with strong reluctance to apply rotary-

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wing craft for battlefield evacuation of these types of casualties. Tactical and strategic fixed-

wing airlift of contaminated casualties is not considered feasible. In both cases, the concern is the

potential loss of the airframe due to concerns about contamination. In short, rapid movement of

contaminated casualties from the battlefield to medical attention is a continuing concern. Further,

medical practitioners do not provide medical assistance until the casualty completes

decontamination. Medical support staff and corpsmen perform triage, lifesaving, and

decontamination activities on received casualties and pass the casualties through the

contamination control area (CCA) to medical practitioners for attention. This procedure delays

the provision of medical attention. The Services currently field a variety of CBRND assets

providing respiratory/ocular, percutaneous, and COLPRO protection. This diversity of assets

complicates the logistical support of operations with threat for joint operations. Existing Service-

specific IPE is limited in the period and scope of protection afforded the warfighter.

Respiratory/ocular and percutaneous CBRND assets protect against known chemical and

biological warfare agents and particulate radiologicals. Protection is afforded to a select number

of TIMs. Physiological and psychological encumbrances increase with prolonged wear. Regular

exercising and wear to acclimate and adjust the wearer to enable performance of assigned

functions and activities is necessary and performed to reduce the impact of encumbrances and

subsequent degradation of performance. Current site COLPRO generally requires extensive site

preparation and resources to erect, operate, and strike but cannot be erected/striked in a

CBRN/TIM environment. Mobile COLPRO is a diversity of systems ranging from forced clean

air systems to full COLPRO. However, their application is limited. In general, current COLPRO

is limited in quantity and does not adequately support expeditionary and highly mobile maneuver

operations, particularly those in an austere environment with reduced logistical footprints. Most

mobile platforms (including land, sea, and air) are not equipped with COLPRO. This

circumstance requires prioritization of available assets and the application of IPE for CBRND.

COTS protective assets are applied for selected eligible civilians such as hazardous materials,

firefighters, EMS, etc. However, eligible civilians (in general) and MWAs are not adequately

addressed by DOTLPF for CBRND. Clear DOTLPF addressing the CBRND provisioning and

training of eligible civilians is inadequate. MWAs are not afforded protection against the effects

of CBRN/TIM agents, including COLPRO. MOPP DOTLPF is adequate for military personnel

and operations. The establishment of adjustable MOPP levels, reflective of local operations and

threat, are well defined, as are continuing evaluation for change/adjustments. However,

operations increasingly involve U.S. and non-U.S. civilians. MOPP DOTLPF does not

adequately address their presence and inclusion into MOPP methodologies and levels,

particularly when these personnel may (or may not) be equipped with nonstandard IPE. Further,

the largely manual current nature of command operations inherently delays protective actions

versus automation, further complicated by the current stovepipe reporting and information flow

as information flows vertically without a corresponding horizontal flow for alerting/warning of

CBRN/TIM agents.

Projected Near/Mid-Term Capability and Deficiency

Future configurations focus on reducing psychological and physiological stresses associated with

the wearing of IPE, as well as striving for commonality of form factor among all services to

reducing the logistics burden, development cost, and improved availability. The JPACE, JSAM,

and JSGPM are projected to be initially fielded during the mid term. The JSLIST continues

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fielding until full operational capable is complete. The JSLIST is under review for NIOSH

certification for compliance with OSHA protective standards. The certification will permit

application of the garment for AT/FP installation activities within CONUS and selected

OCONUS. The possibility exists for potential application by requiring eligible civilians. Legacy

Service-specific IPE will remain in the inventory throughout the mid term and into the far term

during the transition to the joint IPE systems. R&D by USAF for a Patient Isolation Unit is

expected to provide a capability in the mid term to transport casualties unable to wear IPE. JECP

is projected to initially field during the mid term with three COLPRO systems primarily

addressing expeditionary operations. The P3I upgraded CBPS, JTCOPS, CP-DEPMEDS, and

backfit of LHA/LHD vessels are projected for initial fielding or action in the mid term. These

systems, depending upon the quantity fielded, may provide additional COLPRO to address

critical needs. Otherwise, changes from current capabilities and deficiencies are not projected.

Projected Far-Term Capability and Deficiency

Future configurations focus upon reducing psychological and physiological stresses associated

with the wearing of IPE, as well as striving for commonality of form factor among all Services.

The standardization of CBRND respiratory/ocular and percutaneous protection will reduce the

logistics burden and development cost and subsequently improve availability. Legacy Service-

specific IPE will continue to be replaced by the joint systems of CBRND protective equipment

until fielding is complete to all Service units, including Guard and Reserve, early in the far term.

Next-generation IPE assets are in R&D and are expected to be fielded sometime in the far term.

However, specifics of design, characteristics, and protective capabilities are not as yet

determined for these systems. The potential for COLPRO in the Future Tactical Lift Option

builds upon the mid-term COLPRO capabilities. Additional changes in capabilities from the mid

term are not projected.

13.3.2.2

Resource Systems

Individual Protection

1. Respiratory/Ocular Protection:

COTS: Commercially available systems of protection, manufactured and tested meeting

OSHA standards for the United States or equivalent organization in other nations.

M17 Series Masks w/M13 Series Filters: Obsolescent warfighter system of protection.

Retained in selected HTAs for NEO application. Designed for adults.

MBU-19/P Chemical-Biological Aircrew Eye/Respiratory Protection (AERP): USAF

combat aircrew protection. Includes protective hood, MBU-12/P mask, C-2 canister,

intercom for ground communications, and blower assembly.

A/P22P-14(V) Respirator Assembly: USN/USMC system for rotary-wing (Version 1 for

USN) and fixed-wing (Versions 2-4 for USN/USMC) aircrews. Includes CB filter, dual

air/oxygen supply, and crossover manifold for dual protective capabilities in air or on

ground. Version 1 is not compatible with aircraft oxygen supply systems; Version 2

applied to EA-6B and F18A airframes; Version 3 to AV-8B and F-18C/D aircraft; and

Version 4 is used for C-130 airframes.

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M40/M42 CB Protective Mask: U.S. Army mask system designed for military standard

profile and uses standard C-2 canister. M42 integrates with combat vehicle clean air

supply system and has a connectable dynamic microphone for combat vehicle intercom

system.

M45 Aircrew Aviator Mask: Replaces M42 and M49 systems for U.S. Army. Available with

a canister-compatible hose assembly and a valve cassette that enables use of supplied air

(from aircraft, SCBA or PAPR). The M45 is used by military personnel who cannot fit

the M40A1, M42A2, or MCU-2/P masks.

M48 CB Apache Aviator Mask: Used by Apache aviator and flight support personnel.

Replaced M43 Type 1 mask system and uses blower assembly with C-2 filter canister.

MCU-2A/P: Mainstay USAF and USN system for nonaviator personnel and aircrew

personnel not performing flight operations, except for aircrew personnel not issued

aviator systems and noncombat platforms/airframes without clean air supply systems.

Applies C-2 filter for filter air.

Joint Service Aviator Mask (JSAM): Initial fielding projected in the mid term replacing

Service-specific aviator respiratory/ocular protective systems. Provides CBRN protection

under high-G conditions, compatible with existing and projected aviator CBRN IPE,

flame and thermal protective, reduces stress associated with existing aviator IPE, and

may be donned/doffed during flight.

Joint Service General Purpose Mask (JSGPM): Initial fielding projected in the mid term

replacing Service-specific standard respiratory/ocular protective systems. Provides

respiratory/ocular protection from CBRN agents and selected TIMs. Improves field-of-

vision and encumbrances associated with existing Service systems.

Joint Service Chemical Environment Survival Mask (JCESM): COTS one-time use, one-

size-fits-all, respiratory/ocular protective system affording two hours of protection in

low-level CBRN vapor, aerosol, and particulate environments. Selected force element

application only.

Percutaneous Protection:

COTS: Commercially available systems of protection, manufactured and tested meeting

OSHA standards for the United States or equivalent organization in other nations.

Battle Dress Overgarment (BDO): U.S. Army/USAF two-piece camouflage-patterned

garment (top and trousers) providing 24-hour protection against CBRN agents in vapor,

liquid, droplet, and particulate forms.

Saratoga: USMC two-piece camouflage-patterned garment (top and trousers) providing 24-

hour protection against CBRN agents in vapor, liquid, droplet, and particulate forms.

Launderable for hygiene.

CPOG: Legacy two-piece green garment currently in use with USN providing limited-term

protection against CBRN agents in vapor, liquid, droplet, and particulate forms.

Chemical Protective Undergarment (CPU): Worn under standard IPE as additional layer of

protection against contact with CBRN agents.

CWU-66/P: One-piece USAF green flightsuit providing 24-hour protection against CBRN

agents in vapor, liquid, droplet, and particulate forms. Available in tan as CWU-77/P

flightsuit.

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Disposal Aircrew Protective Cape: Transparent disposable cape covering head and shoulders

of aviator during periods between aircraft mounting/dismounting and shelter.

BVO/GVO: Vinyl overboots (VO) worn over wearer’s standard footwear and protects

against contact with CBRN agents. Available in black (BVO) and green (GVO).

Chemical Protective Footwear Cover (CPFC): Legacy system of CBRN protective footwear

cover in use by USN. Requires wearer to pull protective sole tabs up and wrap/tie laces

around cover to secure over footwear.

Disposable Aircrew Footwear Cover: Transparent disposable footwear covers worn over

aviator footwear to protect aviator during periods between aircraft mounting/dismounting

and shelter.

Chemical Protective Glove (CPG): Standard CBRN protective glove. Available in 7-, 14-,

and 25-mil thicknesses addressing functional requirements for durability, dexterity, and

tactile sensitivity.

Disposable Aircrew Hand Protection: Transparent disposable hand coverings applied by

USAF, USN, and USMC over aviator gloves during periods between aircraft

mounting/dismounting and shelter. Also applied as between aviator inner and outer

gloves enabling essential functional requirements for dexterity and tactile sensitivity.

Chemical Protective Helmet System (CPHS): CBRN protective camouflage-patterned

helmet cover to protect helmet from contact with CBRN contaminants.

SCALP: Disposable, lightweight, impermeable overgarment designed for wear over IPE for

additional protection in grossly contaminated environments. Applied by personnel

required to leave protective sheltering in these environments to perform mission-critical

tasks. Also applied by decontamination units/teams and medical personnel performing

decontamination or potentially at risk for prolonged contact with liquids.

Wet-Weather Gear: Includes Severe-Weather Gear (USN). Provides barrier against contact

with liquids potentially damaging to protective abilities of IPE.

M-2 Apron: Butyl rubber-coated sleeved apron worn over IPE and applied by

decontamination units/teams and other designated personnel performing decontamination

or potentially at risk for contact with liquids. Provides barrier against contact with liquids

potentially damaging to protective abilities of IPE. Decontaminable.

Medical Barrier Assets: Standard barrier assets applied by Medical Services personnel

against contact with biohazards. May provide a degree of additional barrier protection

against CBRN hazards when applied with IPE.

Patient Protective Wrap (PPW): Enclosed casualty bag made of CBRN protective materials.

Incorporates small flexible transparent window positioned over casualties face for

viewing by medical practitioners. Uses cardboard stays to maintain separation of bag

from casualty’s face. Does not permit head-to-toe viewing of casualty. Supports limited

medical assistance. Requires the wear of standard warfighter respiratory/ocular

protection. Two wraps currently in stock. Legacy system provides protection up to 3

hours and newer system up to 6 hours.

Joint Service Lightweight Integrated Suit Technology (JSLIST): Two-piece (jacket and

trousers) CBRN risk-taking protective garment with integrated hood. Affords protection

against selected TIM agents. Reduces physiological and psychological encumbrances

associated with existing Service-specific systems it replaces with initial fielding in the

mid term. Under review for NIOSH certification for OSHA protection standards.

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Joint Protective Aircrew Ensemble (JPACE): CBRN protective aviator flightsuit projected

for initial fielding in the mid term and replacing Service-specific CBRN protective

flightsuits. Provides JSLIST equivalent protection and provides protection when subject

to rotor, propeller, and jetwash. Flame-retardant and self-extinguishing properties.

Supports escape and evasion requirements.

Joint Block I/II Glove Upgrade (JB1/2GU): Projected fielding in near mid term replacing

CPG for designated force elements requiring increased tactility/durability for mission

performance. Various configurations under consideration.

Joint Firefighter Integrated Response Ensemble (JFIRE): Incorporates JSLIST into

firefighter bunker gear, permitting firefighters to conduct firefighting operations within a

CBRN/TIM environment.

Multi-purpose Overboot (MULO): Projected initial fielding in mid term and replacing

legacy CBRN footwear covers.

COLPRO

Mobile COLPRO

CBPS: M1113 HMMWV-mounted COLPRO system consisting of a hardshell filtration,

power, and transport and expandable softshell tentage with contamination control

area/entry. The COLPRO unit is designated the Lightweight Multipurpose shelter (LMS).

Crewed Combat Vehicles (Ground): Two types of COLPRO. First supplies filter air using

forced clean air supply system. Requires wear of IPE and connection to crew mask. This

is the type of system in the M1A1 Abrams MBT. Second system is incorporates full

COLPRO and permits reduction of IPE during operation. JSLNBCLR is an example of

the second type of system.

Airframe Air Supply System: Provides clean air from compressed air storage system either

until aircraft is outside of contamination and airframe interior is flushed of vapor

contaminants or throughout flight operations.

CITADEL: System of protection installed with USN vessels to afford protection to selected

connected spaces including C4ISR, medical, and R2.

Fixed-Site COLPRO

MGPTS: USMC Medium General Purpose Tent System (MGPTS) with CB Protective Liner

System designed for support of USMC operational C4ISR and R2.

CP-DEPMEDS: Component-based system of tentage, connective corridors, ISO containers,

etc., with COLPRO liners for configuration into field hospitals and includes supporting

power and utility systems, lighting, engine control units, and filtration systems. Large

system requiring extensive use of resources to prepare location, erect/strike, operate, and

maintain.

JTCOPS: Similar to CP-DEPMEDS, but for critical functions and activities of the force

(e.g., staff operations, aircrew housing and briefing, etc.).

CP-EMEDS: USAF air-transportable system similar to CP-DEPMEDS on a smaller scale

and configurable from one medical shelter to a 25-bed field hospital.

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CP-SSS: USAF small-scale COLPRO transportable system designed to support C2

functions.

JECP: Projected program of COLPRO designed for application in highly mobile operations,

expeditionary operations, forced-entry operations, and/or to supplement larger-scale

COLPRO systems in support of operations. Consists of building/room and tentage insert

kits and small-unit stand-alone COLPRO kits.

M20/M20A1 SCPE: Lightweight and modular COLPRO system consisting of an inflatable

liner for insert into rooms or buildings.

Building integrated COLPRO systems: COLPRO systems designed and installed into

buildings as integral systems, usually facility construction. Post-construction installation

is based upon building design and COLPRO requirements. Varies between buildings

based upon applied technology, date of construction/installation, system engineering,

facility function, etc. Most existing facility COLPRO was established during Cold War

period.

MOPP Methodology: Stepped level of CBRND protective measures. Standardized levels permit

the rapid increase or decrease of unit MOPP level.

Unit Staff: The application of DOTLPF for all phases of operations with threat from preplanning

to post-force return to home stations. Includes all aspects of C2 and supporting staff

activities/functions (e.g., logistics, intelligence, etc.) enabling mission and task accomplishment.

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Chapter 13 Tactical Shield Tasks

Table 13.3-1. TASHLD 3: Capability and Deficiency Assessment

System/Measure

Current

Individual Protection

Respiratory/Ocular Protection

6¹

5²

6^2,3

7⁴

6³

7¹

6⁵

Percutaneous Protection

6⁶

5⁷

6⁸

7⁹

6⁶

7⁶

6⁵

Collective Protection

3.5

N/A

3.5

N/A

Mobile COLPRO

0¹⁰

3¹¹

N/A

3¹¹

N/A

0¹²

0⁵

Fixed-Site COLPRO

N/A

4¹³

N/A

4¹³

N/A

6⁵

Mission-Oriented Protective Posture (MOPP) Methodology

7¹⁴

Unit Staff

6¹⁵

6¹⁶

3¹⁷

7¹⁸

7^15,16,17

6¹⁹

5⁵

Near/Mid

Individual Protection

Respiratory/Ocular Protection

6¹

5^{2, 20}

6^2,3,20

7^4,20

6³

7¹

6⁵

Percutaneous Protection

6⁶

5^{7, 21}

6^7,8,21

7^9,21

6⁶

7⁶

6⁵

Collective Protection

N/A

Mobile COLPRO

0¹⁰

3^11,22

N/A

3¹¹

N/A

0¹²

0⁵

Fixed-Site COLPRO

N/A

5^13,23

N/A

5^13,23

N/A

6⁵

MOPP

7¹⁴

Unit Staff

6¹⁵

6¹⁶

3¹⁷

7¹⁸

7^15,16,17

6¹⁹

5⁵

Far

Individual Protection

Respiratory/Ocular Protection

6¹

5^2,20

6^2,3,20

7^4,20

6³

7¹

6²⁴

Percutaneous Protection

6⁶

5^7,21

6^7,8,21

7^9,21

6⁶

7⁶

6⁵

Collective Protection

N/A

11,22,25

Mobile COLPRO

0¹⁰

N/A

3¹¹

N/A

0¹²

0⁵

Fixed-Site COLPRO

N/A

5^13,2326

N/A

5^13,23

N/A

6⁵

MOPP

7¹⁴

7X¹⁴

7¹⁴

Unit Staff

6¹⁵

6¹⁶

3¹⁷

7¹⁸

7^15,16,17

6¹⁹

5⁵

Overall

Current Overall Capability

Near/Mid-Term Overall Capability

Far-Term Overall Capability

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Chapter 13 Tactical Shield Tasks

FAA Measure

Scale

Casualties are safely

8-10: In-place doctrine, protective assets, and training provide for the safe handling and transport of exposed or

transported.

contaminated casualties without potential for secondary exposure or contamination of personnel, activities, transport

assets, and resources performing the handling and transport.

4-7: Doctrine and training address the safe handling and transport of exposed or contaminated casualties and

protective assets are applied to prevent secondary exposure or contamination of personnel and transport assets

performing the handling and transport.

1-3: Doctrine generally addresses the safe handling and transport of exposed or contaminated casualties and protective

assets are applied to prevent secondary exposure or contamination of personnel performing the handling and transport.

0: Doctrine and assets do not exist to safely transport casualties.

Potential for

8-10: Medical and transport operations, procedures, processes and the application of COLPRO, decontamination, and

secondary

casualty and staff IPE preclude potential for secondary contamination of personnel and resources.

contamination is

4-7: Medical and transport operations, procedures, processes, and the application of COLPRO, decontamination, and

prevented.

casualty and staff IPE effectively mitigate potential for secondary contamination of personnel and resources.

1-3: Medical and transport operations, procedures, processes, and the application of COLPRO, decontamination,

casualty IPE, and/or staff IPE reduce potential for secondary contamination of personnel and/or resources.

0: Medical and transport processes and material do not exist for the reduction of the potential for secondary

contamination of personnel and/or resources.

Protective IPE for

8-10: CBRN protective equipment for exposed and contaminated casualties, to include those medically unable to wear

casualties is available.

IPE, are readily available and provide protection for an extended period (8+ hours).

4-7: CBRN protective equipment for exposed and contaminated casualties, to include those medically unable to wear

IPE, is available.

1-3: CBRN protective equipment for exposed and contaminated casualties is available.

0: CBRN protective equipment for exposed and contaminated casualties is nonexistent.

Medical personnel are

8-10: All medical personnel are formally trained and receive recurring training on the handling of contaminated

trained and equipped

casualties and are appropriately equipped.

to handle

4-7: Support medical personnel and designated medical providers are trained on the handling of contaminated

contaminated

casualties and are appropriately equipped.

casualties.

1-3: Designated support medical personnel are trained on the handling of contaminated casualties and are

appropriately equipped.

0: Training and equipping for the handling of contaminated casualties is nonexistent.

Casualties are

8-10: Medical casualty IPE is readily available for the extended period (8+ hours) protection of casualties and

protected by medical

medical/transport personnel. The IPE supports medical evaluation, treatment, and oversight without risk of

casualty IPE.

infiltration/exfiltration of contaminants.

4-7: Medical casualty IPE is available for the limited period (4-8 hours) protection of casualties and medical/transport

personnel. The IPE provides limited support of medical evaluation, treatment, and oversight.

1-3: Medical casualty IPE is available for short period (1-3 hours) protection of casualties and medical/transport

personnel. The IPE provides limited support of medical evaluation, treatment, and oversight.

0: Medical casualty IPE is nonexistent.

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Chapter 13 Tactical Shield Tasks

Contaminated

8-10: In-place doctrine, protective assets, transport assets, and training provide for the safe handling and rapid

casualties are removed

transport of exposed or contaminated casualties from the main battle area to medical aid without potential for

safely and quickly

secondary exposure or contamination of personnel, activities, transport assets, and resources performing the handling

from main battle area.

and transport.

4-7: Doctrine and training address the safe handling and transport of exposed or contaminated casualties from the

main battle area to medical aide and the application of protective assets to prevent secondary exposure or

contamination of personnel and transport assets performing the handling and transport.

1-3: Doctrine generally addresses the safe handling and transport of exposed or contaminated casualties from the main

battle area to medical aid and the application of protective assets to prevent secondary exposure or contamination of

personnel performing the handling and transport.

0: Doctrine and assets do not exist to safely transport casualties from the main battle area to medical aid.

There is effective

8-10: DOTLPF exists and is adequate for this task. Task can be effectively performed with little or no direct impact

DOTMLPF in place to

upon operations.

conduct task.

4-7: Most critical aspects of DOTLPF for this task are addressed. Task can be performed with limitations requiring

work-arounds.

1-3: DOTLPF is inadequate for accomplishment of this task.

0: DOTLPF does not exist for this task.

¹ Doctrine, policy, procedures, and TTPs exist for the movement of contaminated casualties to medical treatment. Military personnel performing handling and transport

are required to wear CBRND ocular/respiratory protection against the potential for secondary exposure/contamination. Casualties able to wear standard IPE are not

placed into PPWs. Doctrine requires the individual’s unit of assignment provide individual protective assets when the individual is received. However, the ability of any

unit to pull and transfer equipment with each casualty, especially during operations, is generally not considered. Medical units, however, are not equipped with additional

protective material for existing patients and replacement assets for casualties. Uncontaminated casualties unable to wear standard IPE are placed into PPWs to protect

against contamination when moving through a contaminated area. Contaminated casualties must be able to wear standard IPE to protect against secondary contamination

by transporting and handling personnel, a requirement that may not be achievable for certain types of casualties. Standard warfighter respiratory/ocular protection is worn

by the casualty and requires the ability to provide a seal and obtain a draw against filter resistance. Improved PPWs and PIUs are expected in the mid term. Further,

military personnel handling and transporting casualties in PPWs, whether contaminated or not, are required to wear CBRND IPE. Doctrine, policy, procedures, and TTPs

do not adequately address the protection of nonmilitary personnel performing handling and transport activities potentially involving exposed/contaminated personnel.

However, OSHA and CDC requirements may apply and should be addressed as applicable. Non-U.S. personnel subject to these functions are not addressed.

² Expelled air from an exposed/contaminated casualty equipped with standard ocular/respiratory protection is not filtered and may present a potential secondary hazard or

contamination source for handling and transporting personnel and resources. The application of standard warfighter IPE to exposed/contaminated casualties provides

containment of the potential contamination within the IPE, a requirement that may not be achievable for certain types of casualties. Improved PPWs and PIUs are

expected in the mid term. Respiratory/ocular protection is diverse across the Services and performed functions. USAF combat aircrews conduction operations within a

CBRN environment are equipped with the MBU-19/P Chemical-Biological AERP that includes protective hood, MBU-12/P mask, C-2 filter canister, an intercom for

ground communications, and a blower assembly. The AERP provides protection whether or not supplemental oxygen is present. USN and USMC aviators use the

A/P22P-14(V) Respirator Assembly that is a self-contained protective system deployed for rotary-wing (Version 1 for USN) and fixed-wing (Versions 2-4 for USN and

USMC) aircrews. The system incorporates a CB filter, dual air/oxygen supply, and a crossover manifold with dual protective capabilities for flight and ground

protection. The A/P 22P-14(V) 1 is not compatible with aircraft with oxygen delivery systems and supports helicopter crew use. Version 2 is used for the EA-6B and F-

18A, Version 3 for AV-8B and F-18C/D, and Version 4 is applied for C-130 aircrews. The M17 series mask is obsolescent and is relegated to NEO support in selected

HTAs. The mask is designed for the military standard profile (ground) and does not adequately protect all potential nonmilitary populace members, for which is retained.

The M40/M42 CB Protective Mask is in service with the U.S. Army. The mask uses the C-2 canister for filtration of CBRN contaminants. The M42 integrates with

combat vehicle filtration protection system and has a dynamic microphone with cable for connection to vehicle communications systems. The M45 Aircrew Aviator

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Mask replaced the U.S. Army M43 Type II and M49 Mask Systems. The system uses a low-profile canister compatible hose assembly for both hose and face-mounted

configurations. The mask system incorporates selectable filtration for support both during aircraft systems activation and using the connectable filter pack. The mask also

is applied to personnel who cannot be fitted with the standard M40A1, M42A2, or MCU-2A/P masks. The M48 CB Apache Aviator Mask protects AH-64 Apache

helicopter aviators and flight support personnel. The blower assembly uses the C-2 filter canister to provide filtered, breathable air. The M-48 replaced the M43 Type 1

mask. The MCU-2A/P is the mainstay USAF and USN mask employed by personnel not equipped with aircrew masks and by aircrew when not performing flight

operations. The MCU-2A/P is also used by aircrew during flight operations who are not equipped with aircrew masks. COTS equipment meeting OSHA requirements

(and NFPA for firefighters) is applied by selected civilian personnel performing specific functions such as firefighting, EMS, hazardous materials, etc. Limited quantities

of COTS may be available within HTAs for known NEO requirements for the protection of populace members unable to wear the M17 series or standard warfighter

respiratory/ocular protective devices. MWAs are not afforded respiratory/ocular protection. Eligible civilians are inadequately addressed in DOTLPF.

³ Doctrine, policies, procedures, TTPs, and plans require casualties able to wear standard respiratory/ocular protection be equipped and wear the protection when outside

of COLPRO. Casualties unable to wear standard respiratory/ocular protection must remain within COLPRO until the hazard is no longer present or the casualty

progresses sufficiently to wear respiratory/ocular protection. No provision is made for casualties requiring movement and unable to wear respiratory/ocular protection.

Medical units are not provided stocks of protective respiratory/ocular equipment for use by patients. Medical policy in the patient’s unit is responsible for providing the

material to the medical unit for use by the patient. Operationally involved units may be delayed, at best, in providing the assets. The movement of large numbers of

infectious, exposed, and/or contaminated casualties is not adequately addressed by existing doctrine, policy, procedures, and TTPs. However, improved PPWs and PIUs

are expected in the mid term.

⁴ Medical personnel are trained on the proper wear of protective respiratory/ocular protection as outlined in doctrine, policy, procedures, and TTPs. Expelled air from an

exposed/contaminated casualty equipped with standard ocular/respiratory protection is not filtered and may present a potential secondary hazard or contamination source

for handling and transporting personnel and resources. The application of standard warfighter IPE to exposed/contaminated casualties provides containment of the

potential contamination within the IPE, a requirement that may not be achievable for certain types of casualties. Improved PPWs and PIUs are expected in the mid term.

Respiratory/ocular protection is diverse across the Services and performed functions. The M40/M42 CB Protective Mask is in service with the U.S. Army. The mask uses

the C-2 canister for filtration of CBRN contaminants. The M45 Aircrew Aviator Mask replaced the U.S. Army M43 Type II and M49 Mask Systems. The system uses a

low-profile canister compatible hose assembly for both hose and face-mounted configurations. The mask system incorporates selectable filtration for support both during

aircraft systems activation and using the connectable filter pack. The mask also is applied to personnel who cannot be fitted with the standard M40A1, M42A2, or MCU-

2A/P masks. The MCU-2A/P is the mainstay USAF and USN mask employed by personnel not equipped with aircrew masks and by aircrew when not performing flight

operations. The MCU-2A/P is also used by aircrew during flight operations who are not equipped with aircrew masks. COTS equipment meeting OSHA requirements

(and NFPA for firefighters) is applied by selected civilian personnel performing specific functions such as firefighting, EMS, hazardous materials, etc. Limited quantities

of COTS may be available within HTAs for known NEO requirements for the protection of populace members unable to wear the M17 series or standard warfighter

respiratory/ocular protective devices. MWAs are not afforded respiratory/ocular protection. Eligible civilians are inadequately addressed in DOTLPF.

⁵ Within the AO, existing doctrine/policy/procedure/TTPs encompass most critical aspects of this task. The task can be performed as the majority of movement is

conducted using tactical land transport means to fixed locations within the AO. COLPRO sheltering of uncontaminated casualties is provided by CBPS and transportable

shelters allocated to medical unit operations. Rotary-wing transport, although a last resort, can be applied for movement within the AO by air. Movement from land to at-

sea ship is also performed if required and decontamination cannot be performed on land. However, extended movement is not supportable. Assets do not exist enabling

this activity. Further, COLPRO of contaminated casualties to preclude secondary contamination during transport of multiple casualties does not exist. Additionally,

DOTLPF does not adequately address casualties unable to wear protective equipment. However, improved PPWs and PIUs are expected in the mid term.

⁶ Doctrine, policy, procedures, and TTPs require the application of percutaneous protection by handling and transporting personnel against the potential for secondary

exposure/contamination. Standard warfighter percutaneous protection is worn by military personnel performing these functions. Doctrine, policy, procedures, and TTPs

do not adequately address the protection of nonmilitary personnel performing handling and transport activities potentially involving exposed/contaminated personnel.

However, OSHA and CDC requirements may apply and should be addressed as applicable. Non-U.S. personnel subject to these functions are not addressed. Exposed and

contaminated c unable to wear percutaneous protection are not adequately addressed in doctrine, policy and standards. Protective equipment is not available for these

casualties. Standard warfighter respiratory/ocular protection is worn by the casualty and requires the ability to provide a seal and obtain a draw against filter resistance.

The PPW is limited in the number of hours of afforded protection to uncontaminated casualties, depending upon date of manufacture. PPWs in stock prior to 2004 have a

maximum protection time period of 3 hours. PPWs obtained for stockage in 2004 and subsequently provide protection up to 6 hours. This is considered adequate for

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CBRND Functional Needs Analysis/Functional Solution Analysis

Chapter 13 Tactical Shield Tasks

most initial casualty movements within the AO. Casualties able to wear standard percutaneous protection assets are required to apply the equipment outside of CPSs.

However, improved PPWs and PIUs are expected in the mid term. Medical units, meanwhile, are not provided stocks of this equipment for use by patients. Medical

policy is the patent’s unit is responsible for providing the material to the medical unit for use by the patient. Operationally involved units may be delayed, at best, in

providing the assets.

⁷ Doctrine, policy, procedures, and TTPs exist for the movement of contaminated casualties to medical treatment. Military personnel performing handling and transport

are required to wear CBRND percutaneous protection against the potential for secondary exposure/contamination. Casualties able to wear standard IPE are not placed

into PPWs. Doctrine requires the individual’s unit of assignment provide individual protective assets when the individual is received. However, the ability of any unit to

pull and transfer equipment with each casualty, especially during operations, is generally not considered. Medical units, however, are not equipped with additional

protective material for existing patients and replacement assets for casualties. Uncontaminated casualties unable to wear standard IPE are placed into PPWs to protect

against contamination when moving through a contaminated area. Contaminated casualties must be able to wear standard IPE to protect against secondary contamination

by transporting and handling personnel, a requirement that may not be achievable for certain types of casualties. Improved PPWs and PIUs are expected in the mid term.

Further, military personnel handling and transporting casualties in PPWs, whether contaminated or not, are required to wear CBRND IPE. Doctrine, policy, procedures,

and TTPs do not adequately address the protection of nonmilitary personnel performing handling and transport activities potentially involving exposed/contaminated

personnel. However, OSHA and CDC requirements may apply and should be addressed as applicable. Non-U.S. personnel subject to these functions are not addressed.

Service-specific CBRND percutaneous protection is currently applied for the protection of the force. The BDO, used by the USAF and U.S. Army, is a two-piece

garment providing protection for a 24-hour period against chemical agent vapors, liquids, and droplets; biological agents and toxins and contact with radioactive

particles. The BDO’s protective abilities are lost if the suit is torn, ripped, splashed with POL, or is saturated with water and is designed for a one-time use and is worn

by ground and most flight personnel (non-high-performance aircraft). The USMC uses the Saratoga COLPRO suit similar in design to the BDO, but launderable for

personnel hygiene. The CPOG is a legacy two-piece garment for protection against CBRN agents. The CPOG is in use with the USN. The CPU is designed to provide an

additional layer of protection for the warfighter and is worn under standard IPE. The USAF CWU-66/P (and 77/P) is a one-piece flightsuit providing protection for a 24-

hour period against standard CBRN agents and is designed for compatibility with aircrew lift support equipment. The USN, USAF, and USMC use the disposable

aircrew protective cape to protect aircrew between sheltering and the combat aircraft. The cape drapes over the wearer and is removed during entry into the aircraft to

prevent transfer of contamination into the aircraft interior. The BVO/GVO overboots are applied over the wearer’s standard footwear to protect against contact with

CBRND. The USN uses the CPFC, commonly called the “fishtail” for its design, to protect the wearer’s footwear. The CPFC, considered obsolete, does provide a

measure of antislip protection shipboard. The disposable aircrew boot cover is worn by USAF, USN, and USMC aviators over aircrew footwear while en route and

mounting combat aircraft. The covers are removed during aircraft entry and are designed to prevent contamination transfer into the aircraft. Hand protection is provided

by the CPG in 7-, 14-, and 25-mil thicknesses to meet warfighter hand protection and dexterity needs. Disposable aircrew hand protection is applied by the USAF,

USMC, and USN for aviators over their gloves (and may be worn between glove layers for additional protection) during movement between shelter and aircraft. When

used as an overglove, the gloves are removed during aircraft mounting during aircraft entry to preclude the potential for transfer of contamination into the aircraft

interior. Medical Services practitioners performing treatment The CPHS is designed to prevent contact of the warfighter’s helmet with liquid contamination which may

be absorbed, impact helmet integrity, and/or constitute a potential secondary hazard to the wearer. SCALP provides a disposable, lightweight, impermeable layer of

protection for personnel against gross liquid contamination and is worn over the warfighter’s protective ensemble. SCALP is commonly applied to protect armor and

EOD personnel who may be required to leave sheltering to perform duties and functions. SCALP is also applied by units performing decontamination operations where

personnel may become soaked by decontaminants and Medical Services personnel with potential for prolonged contact with body fluids. Standard wet-weather gear (e.g.,

poncho, rain parka, rain suit, etc.) is also applied as a barrier against saturation of the warfighter’s protective ensemble by contact with liquids such as rain, sea spray, etc.

The M-2 apron is applied by personnel performing decontamination aprons and is worn over the ensemble. The apron is full length and sleeve to maximize coverage,

although the back is open. COTS assets meeting OSHA requirements (and NFPA for firefighters) is applied by selected civilian personnel performing specific functions

such as firefighting, EMS, hazardous materials, etc. Medical impermeable barrier protective assets (e.g. splash shields, medical aprons, etc.) may also be applied by

Medical Services practitioners potentially at risk for contact with fluids.

⁸ Doctrine, policies, procedures, TTPs, and plans require casualties able to wear standard percutaneous protection be equipped and wear the protection when outside of

COLPRO. Casualties unable to wear standard percutaneous protection, but able to wear respiratory/ocular protection, are placed into PPWs. No provision is made for

casualties requiring movement and unable to wear respiratory/ocular protection. However, improved PPWs and PIUs are expected in the mid term. Medical units,

meanwhile, are not provided stocks of protective percutaneous equipment for use by patients. Medical policy is the patent’s unit is responsible for providing the material

For Official Use Only

CBRND Functional Needs Analysis/Functional Solution Analysis

Chapter 13 Tactical Shield Tasks

to the medical unit for use by the patient. Operationally involved units may be delayed, at best, in providing the assets. The movement of large numbers of infectious,

exposed, and/or contaminated casualties is not adequately addressed by existing doctrine, policy, procedures, and TTPs.

⁹ Medical personnel are trained on the proper wear of percutaneous protective protection as outlined in doctrine, policy, procedures, and TTPs. Doctrine, policy,

procedures, and TTPs exist for the handling of contaminated casualties for medical treatment. Military personnel performing handling and transport are required to wear

CBRND percutaneous protection against the potential for secondary exposure/contamination. Casualties able to wear standard IPE are not placed into PPWs.

Uncontaminated casualties unable to wear standard IPE are placed into PPWs to protect against contamination when moving through a contaminated area. Contaminated

casualties must be able to wear standard IPE to protect against secondary contamination by transporting and handling personnel, a requirement that may not be

achievable for certain types of casualties. Improved PPWs and PIUs are expected in the mid term. Further, military personnel handling and transporting casualties in

PPWs, whether contaminated or not, are required to wear CBRND IPE. Doctrine, policy, procedures, and TTPs do not adequately address the protection of nonmilitary

personnel performing handling and transport activities potentially involving exposed/contaminated personnel. However, OSHA and CDC requirements may apply and

should be addressed as applicable. Non-U.S. personnel subject to these functions are not addressed. Service-specific CBRND percutaneous protection is currently applied

for the protection of the force. The BDO, used by the USAF and U.S. Army, is a two-piece garment providing protection for a 24-hour period against chemical agent

vapors, liquids, and droplets; biological agents and toxins and contact with radioactive particles. The BDO’s protective abilities are lost if the suit is torn, ripped, splashed

with POL, or is saturated with water and is designed for a one-time use and is worn by ground and most flight personnel (non-high-performance aircraft). The USMC

uses the Saratoga COLPRO suit similar in design to the BDO, but launderable for personnel hygiene. The CPOG is a legacy two-piece garment for protection against

CBRN agents. The CPOG is in use with the USN. The USAF CWU-66/P (and 77/P) is a one-piece flightsuit providing protection for a 24-hour period against standard

CBRN agents and is designed for compatibility with aircrew lift support equipment. The BVO/GVO overboots are applied over the wearer’s standard footwear to protect

against contact with CBRND. The USN uses the CPFC, commonly called the “fishtail” for its design, to protect the wearer’s footwear. The CPFC, considered obsolete,

does provide a measure of antislip protection shipboard. Hand protection is provided by the CPG in 7-, 14-, and 25-mil thicknesses to meet warfighter hand protection

and dexterity needs. SCALP provides a disposable, lightweight, impermeable layer of protection for personnel against gross liquid contamination and is worn over the

warfighter’s protective ensemble. SCALP is commonly applied to protect armor and EOD personnel who may be required to leave sheltering to perform duties and

functions. SCALP is also applied by units performing decontamination operations where personnel may become soaked by decontaminants and Medical Services

personnel with potential for prolonged contact with body fluids. Standard wet-weather gear (e.g., poncho, rain parka, rain suit, etc.) is also applied as a barrier against

saturation of the warfighter’s protective ensemble by contact with liquids such as rain, sea spray, etc. The M-2 apron is applied by personnel performing decontamination

aprons and is worn over the ensemble. The apron is full length and sleeve to maximize coverage, although the back is open. COTS assets meeting OSHA requirements

(and NFPA for firefighters) is applied by selected civilian personnel performing specific functions such as firefighting, EMS, hazardous materials, etc. Medical barrier

impermeable barrier protective assets may also be applied by Medical Services practitioners potentially at risk for contact with fluids.

¹⁰ Mobile casualty COLPRO does not exist for the transport of exposed/contaminated casualties precluding or mitigating the potential for secondary

exposure/contamination of handling and transport personnel and resources. Handling and transport personnel must wear IPE and the transporting resource is considered

contaminated until decontaminated and verified.

¹¹ Negative-pressure COLPRO with filtered expelled air does not exist within the inventory for the transport of numbers of exposed/contaminated casualties. Hospital

ships are not equipped with COLPRO. All current COLPRO systems in land, air, and sea assets are not designed for the containment and transport of

exposed/contaminated casualties. Casualties must be decontaminated before entry into COLPRO. COLPRO, however, may be applied for the protection of

uncontaminated casualties against exposure/contamination to CBRN/TIM agents. Current mobile COLPRO systems are predominantly integrated into selected combat

vehicles/vessels and do not support transport of exposed/contaminated casualties. The only currently fielded land-based mobile COLPRO is CBPS. The CBPS system is

available on a mobile platform and can provide a limited number of people protection. The CBPS consists of a dedicated M1113 HMMWV with an LMS mounted on the

back and provides a highly mobile, contamination-free, environmentally controlled work area for forward deployed medical units. The CBPS has been fielded to

treatment squads, forward surgical teams, and medical companies. Four personnel are required to operate the CBPS. However, these systems are limited in supply and

cannot provide COLPRO during movement.

¹² Mobile COLPRO does not exist to protect uncontaminated casualties and transporting personnel/resources during movement within the AO.

¹³ The USMC MGPTS with CB Protective Liner System provides a positive-pressure, filtered-air, toxic-free shelter for protection against CBRN agents. However, there

are insufficient quantities to meet all operational requirements for protection from CBRN/TIM effects. The CP-DEPMEDS provides a clean, toxic-free, environmentally

controlled, patient treatment area and the components are designed to integrate as field hospitals. They are packaged as a set for deployment to threat areas for hospital

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operations. The entire composite hospital consists of expandable tentage, passageways, environmental control units, and ISO shelters. The CP-DEPMEDS exist in very

limited quantities. Although it could be applied to provide COLPRO to the task identified groups, its designed and primary function is that of medical care. A similar

COLPRO is the USAF’s CP-EMEDS, which is an air-transportable medical facility deployable in various configurations from a single shelter to a 25-bed patient

hospital. The CP-EMEDS is in a very limited number and, like the CP-DEPMEDS, is designed for its primary function of the provision of medical care. The USAF CP-

SSS is a small-scale CPS applied for the conduct of C2 operations, maintenance of critical equipment, force beddown, and the provision of R2 for sortie generators and

key leadership. This shelter is in limited supply and unlikely sufficient quantities would be available to support a group of any size, especially during operations against

an adversary. The M20/M20A1 SCPE is a lightweight, modular system involving a liner designed for inflation within a room or building. The M20A1 serves to bridge

the gap between the M20 SCPE and CBPS. These systems are designed for standard room configurations and, like other COLPRO systems, are in limited number.

Fixed-site COLPRO within the United States and its territories is predominantly designed for nuclear fallout and does not address other CBRN/TIM hazards and threats

arising after September 11, 2001. Selected critical key facilities are equipped with CBRN COLPRO, but are not available to other than designated personnel and are not

installed in medical treatment facilities. Fixed-site CBRN COLPRO is installed in facilities housing selected activities and functions within HTAs. However, these

facilities are dedicated to critical operational requirements and restricted to assigned and designated personnel and do not generally include medical treatment facilities.

However, the Guardian Program is reviewing FP protective measures at U.S. installations and facilities will be addressing these issues for critical members of the

installation/facility populace. The projected mid-term fielding of JECP may alleviate COLPRO shortages but will likely be insufficient to satisfy all COLPRO

requirements. Prior planning and prioritization of COLPRO allocation is critical.

¹⁴ Plans incorporate MOPP levels and methodologies are adjustable to meet local operations and threat needs. MOPP levels and methodologies outlined in doctrine,

policy, procedures, and TTPs require levels of protection readiness based upon the threat and/or presence of contaminants. Full protection is required in the presence of

contamination. This includes protective measures and the wear of protective equipment when the possibility exists for secondary exposure/contamination to personnel

and equipment, such as the movement of exposed/contaminated casualties. MOPP levels and methodologies are generally considered to apply to equipped nonmilitary

personnel. Plans within HTAs may incorporate this perception. However, doctrine, policy, procedures, and TTPs do not address their application to nonmilitary

personnel.

¹⁵ Existing standards and procedures provide adequate protection of handling and transporting personnel against secondary exposure/contamination and require the

application of protective equipment and measures if the potential exists for contamination/exposure. Transport assets are considered contaminated until decontaminated

and verified. Unit-level training is limited to the movement of casualties to the medical facility and is predominantly reliant upon tactical ground transport. Standard

transport is used to perform movement of uncontaminated casualties. Air transport (tactical rotary-wing) is a last resort due to concerns about asset contamination.

Tactical and strategic fixed-wing air transport is considered an acceptable means of transport. Air and sea transport resources are inadequately equipped and prepared to

transport exposed and contaminated human and MWA casualties. Exposed and contaminated casualties (human and MWA) unable to wear IPE and mask are not

adequately addressed in doctrine, policy and standards. Protective equipment is not available for these casualties. The PPW may not be medically advisable for all

casualties. Casualties able to wear standard IPE are required to apply the equipment outside of CPSs. However, improved PPWs and PIUs are expected in the mid term.

Medical units, meanwhile, are not provided stocks of standard IPE for use by patients. Medical policy is the patent’s unit is responsible for providing the equipment to

the medical unit for use by the patient. Operationally involved units may be delayed, at best, in providing the equipment.

¹⁶ Doctrine, policies, procedures, and processes applied by medical and transport operations are designed to preclude or reduce the potential of secondary contamination

of personnel and resources. The planned and adjusted tasking, allocation, and use of COLPRO, decontamination, and casualty and staff IPE are applied to protect

casualties, personnel, and resources. Unit staff monitors, tracks, and directs the employment of resources to safely perform the handling and transport of casualties. The

staff also manages the decontamination of employed resources for continued availability and support of operations.

¹⁷ No provision is made for casualties requiring movement and unable to wear respiratory/ocular protection. Medical units are not provided stocks of protective

equipment for use by patients. Medical policy is the patent’s unit is responsible for providing the material to the medical unit for use by the patient. Operationally

involved units may be delayed, at best, in providing the assets. The movement of large numbers of infectious, exposed, and/or contaminated casualties is not adequately

addressed by existing doctrine, policy, procedures, and TTPs. However, improved PPWs and PIUs are expected in the mid term.

¹⁸ Training for the treatment of contaminated/exposed casualties is available through the Army Medical Department (AMEDD), but is not mandatory for medical

practitioners identified for deployment or assignment where there exists a CBRN/TIM threat. The ability to ensure medical capabilities for CBRND is limited by routine

medical operations and requirements. Periodic exercises are performed with medical activities, but on a limited basis, to provide training opportunities and to assess

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capabilities. Casualty care, until completion of decontamination, is performed by Medical Corpsmen, not medical practitioners. Unit training is provided to selected

personnel to conduct medical operations, including decontamination and triage, within a CBRN/TIM hazard.

¹⁹ The staffs of medical and transporting units maintain close coordination with operational units and higher headquarters to identify and move casualties rapidly from the

battlefield to medical treatment centers. Front aid stations also coordinate movements from their locations to medical treatment centers with supporting units and medical

unit staffs.

²⁰ Legacy systems will remain in the inventory throughout the mid term. These systems will be gradually replaced by new joint systems of respiratory/ocular protection

as they are fielded. The JSAM replaces the Service-specific systems. When incorporated with anti-G protection of high-performance aircraft aviators, the JSAM will

provide simultaneous CBRN and anti-G protection. The JSAM is compatible with existing and programmed CBRN IPE, provides flame and thermal protection, and

reduces the heat stress associated with existing systems of ocular/respiratory protection. Further, the JSAM may be donned and doffed during flight. The JSGPM also

replaces current Service-specific ocular/respiratory protection. The system provides respiratory and ocular protection from CBRN agents and selected TIMs. The field-

of-vision is improved and encumbrances associated with legacy systems are reduced. The JSGPM incorporates state of the art technology and is designed to integrate

with future warfighter CBRND IPE and function equipment/assets. The JCESM is a COTS one-time use, one-size-fits-all, respiratory/ocular protective system affording

2 hours of protection and is lightweight and disposable. The system is designed to provide low-level CBRN vapor, aerosol, and particulate protection to the wearer for

egressing the contaminated environment. The JCESM is projected for use when standard respiratory/ocular protection is not practical. The JCESM is not programmed for

general dissemination. The Guardian Program is projected to review, assess, and implement protection for critical members of the installation/facility populace during the

mid term. This will predominantly be COTS-based assets for respiratory/ocular protection. However, the Guardian Program is not expected to address the provision of

CBRND protective assets for general base populace, as well as eligible civilian protection within the AO for other than existing U.S. military installations and facilities.

MWA respiratory/ocular protection is not programmed or forecasted.

²¹ Legacy systems will remain in the inventory throughout the mid term. These systems will be gradually replaced by new joint systems of percutaneous protection as

they are fielded. The JSLIST NBC Protective Garment is a two-piece, risk-taking, overgarment with integrated hood affording protection against CBRN agents and

selected TIMs. The garment reduces the physiological and psychological encumbrances associated with legacy systems. The JSLIST is under evaluation by NIOSH for

application to OSHA protection requirements. The JPACE replaces the Service-specific systems. The JPACE provides aircrew members with equivalent protection to the

JSLIST ensemble. The JPACE is designed to not interfere with emergency ejection from a combat aircraft and continues to provide CBRN percutaneous protection

following ejection and during escape and evasion operations. The ensemble is both flame-retardant and self-extinguishing to permit emergency egress from a burning

aircraft. Further, the ensemble provides CBRN protection when subject to rotor, propeller, and jet wash. Joint Service glove upgrades are provided under the Joint Block

1 and 2 Glove Upgrade Program (JB1/2GU) in the near and mid term. The JB1GU responds to an urgent need by designated elements of the force for increased

tactility/durability supporting mission requirements. The JB1GU is expected to meet most of the requirements within the JSLIST ORD and is viewed as an evolutionary

approach in the development of the JB2GU. Versions under consideration include a protective inner glove worn under existing warfighter gloves, a replacement glove

for existing hand wear, or a combination of glove shell and liner affording CBRN protection of the legacy gloves they are projected to replace. The JFIRE addresses

protection of military firefighters within a CBRN/TIM environment conducting firefighting operations involving structural and crash/firefighting/rescue. The JFIRE

incorporates the JSLIST into firefighter bunker gear. The MULO is projected to replace legacy footwear covers. The ability of the MULO to provide adequate antislip

protection for USN personnel asea is under review. The Guardian Program is projected to review, assess, and implement protection for critical members of the

installation/facility populace during the mid term. This will predominantly be COTS-based assets for percutaneous protection. However, the Guardian Program is not

expected to address the provision of CBRND protective assets for general base populace, as well as eligible civilian protection within the AO for other than existing U.S.

military installations and facilities. MWA percutaneous protection is not programmed or forecasted.

²² Fielding of the P3I upgraded CBPS for heavy/airborne use is projected for the mid term, as is CITADEL backfit of LHA/LHDs.

²³ The projected initial fielding of JECP within the mid term provides additional capabilities for the COLPRO protection of casualties within CBRN/TIM contaminated

areas. JECP includes COLPRO adaptive inserts for buildings/rooms and legacy tentage and stand-alone COLPRO sheltering for small units. The projected mid-term

fielding of JECP may alleviate COLPRO shortages but will likely be insufficient to satisfy all COLPRO requirements. Quantities to be fielded of these systems have not

been determined. JTCOPS Block I is projected for initial fielding during the mid term. Prior planning and prioritization of COLPRO allocation is critical.

²⁴Within the AO, existing doctrine/policy/procedure/TTPs encompass most critical aspects of this task. The task can be performed as the majority of movement is

conducted using tactical land transport means to fixed locations within the AO. COLPRO sheltering of uncontaminated casualties is provided by CBPS and transportable

shelters allocated to medical unit operations. Rotary-wing transport, although a last resort, can be applied for movement within the AO by air. Movement from land to at-

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13.3.3

Functional Solution Analysis

13.3.3.1

DOTLPF Assessment Summary

This section addresses the deficiencies and suggests potential non-materiel solutions. If there are

no non-materiel solutions, or they are only partial solutions, the remaining non-materiel need is

then stated. Materiel needs are assessed in the IMA section.

Deficiency: Medical units are not equipped with additional protective material for existing

patients and replacement assets for casualties.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Adjust joint doctrine to require force planning of IPE

support of Medical Services for patients and casualties. Disconnect requirement with

operational unit. Organization: Develop organizational structures, resources, staffing, and

stock management capabilities to support IPE requirements for patients and casualties.

Deficiency: Casualties unable to wear PPWs or respiratory/ocular protection are not

addressed.

Partial Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Establish alternative procedures and processes

within doctrine, policy, and procedures for casualties unable to wear PPWs or

respiratory/ocular protection and who must be moved within or through a CBRN/TIM

contaminated zone. Organization: Develop organizational structures, resources, staffing, and

stock management capabilities to support casualties unable to wear PPWs or

respiratory/ocular protection. Training: Implement institutional, recurring, and unit training

on established procedures and processes (see Doctrine) for the protection of casualties unable

to wear PPWs or respiratory/ocular protection.

Deficiency: CBRND protective equipment and measures do not protect against all

CBRN/TIM agents.

Partial Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Requirement for measures to protect against all

CBRN/TIM agents, particularly high-risk/high-threat agents.

Deficiency: Medical Services doctrine, policy, and procedures are inadequate for the

provision of medical care by medical providers in a CBRN/TIM environment.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Establish in doctrine methods, policy, procedures and

technology enabling medical care by medical providers within a CBRN/TIM environment.

Organization: Identify organization services and activities necessary to support the provision

of medical care by medical providers within a CBRN/TIM environment (both with and

without CPSs). Training: Establish CBRND training, exercise, and evaluation criteria and

programs for medical care by medical providers within a CBRN/TIM environment (both with

and without CPSs); and conduct CBRND training, exercises, and evaluations. Leadership:

Implement and manage CBRND training, equipping, and protection of medical providers and

supporting medical staff. Personnel: Require eligible civilians supporting the mission to meet

minimum standards for safe use of CBRND resources.

Deficiency: DOTLPF is inadequate or nonexistent addressing CBRND of eligible civilians.

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Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Promulgate doctrine, policy, and procedures addressing

eligible civilian personnel for CBRND. Organization: Identify organization services and

activities necessary to support survivability of eligible civilian personnel within a

CBRN/TIM environment. Training: Establish CBRND training, exercise, and evaluation

criteria and programs for eligible civilians; and conduct CBRND training, exercises, and

evaluations. Leadership: Implement and manage CBRND training, equipping, and protection

of eligible civilian personnel.

Deficiency: DOTLPF is inadequate or nonexistent addressing CBRND of MWDs.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Promulgate doctrine, policy, and procedures addressing

MWDs for CBRND. Organization: Identify organization services and activities necessary to

support survivability of MWDs within a CBRN/TIM environment. Training: Establish

CBRND training, exercise, and evaluation criteria and programs for MWDs and conduct

CBRND training, exercises, and evaluations. Leadership: Implement and manage CBRND

training, equipping, and protection of MWDs.

Deficiency: The movement of large numbers of infectious, exposed, and/or contaminated

casualties is not adequately addressed in DOTLPF.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Expand doctrine, policy, and procedures to address the

movement of large numbers of infectious, exposed, and/or contaminated casualties.

Organization: Identify organization services and activities necessary to support the

movement of large numbers of infectious, exposed, and/or contaminated casualties. Training:

Establish training criteria and standards for the movement of large numbers of infectious,

exposed, and/or contaminated casualties. Develop and implement criteria for exercises and

evaluations challenging the ability to perform the movement of large numbers of infectious,

exposed, and/or contaminated casualties. Facilities: Identify and establish necessary

infrastructure to support the movement of large numbers of infectious, exposed, and/or

contaminated casualties.

Deficiency: Existing DOTLPF is inadequate, or nonexistent, for eligible civilians.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Promulgate doctrine, policy, and procedures addressing

eligible civilian personnel for CBRND. Organization: Identify organization services and

activities necessary to support survivability of eligible civilian personnel within a

CBRN/TIM environment. Training: Establish CBRND training, exercise, and evaluation

criteria and programs for eligible civilians; and conduct CBRND training, exercises, and

evaluations. Leadership: Implement and manage CBRND training, equipping, and protection

of eligible civilian personnel.

Deficiency: Existing DOTLPF is inadequate, or nonexistent, for MWDs.

Non-Materiel Solutions: Doctrine: Promulgate doctrine, policy, and procedures addressing

MWDs for CBRND. Organization: Identify organization services and activities necessary to

support survivability of MWDs within a CBRN/TIM environment. Training: Establish

CBRND training, exercise, and evaluation criteria and programs for MWDs and conduct

CBRND training, exercises, and evaluations. Leadership: Implement and manage CBRND

training, equipping, and protection of MWDs.

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10. Deficiency: The command staff does not possess clear guidance for planning and providing