CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, AND NUCLEAR DEFENSE (CBRND) FUNCTIONAL NEEDS ANALYSIS. FINAL REPORT (2005)

For Official Use Only

CBRND Functional Needs Analysis/Functional Solution Analysis

Chapter 9. Tactical Shape Tasks

Table 9.19-4. TASHA 19: Materiel Approaches

Idea for Materiel Approach

Description

Collect, exchange, and

Develop a system that collects and analyzes CBRN

disseminate information

information and sensor input, generates, edits, and

disseminates NBC reports, including downwind-hazard plots,

and overlays and verify receipt of reports and plots.

Transmission of data uses existing communications nets.

Simulations and models

Develop a system enabling operational commanders to

efficiently execute “what if” scenarios and facilitate the

evaluation of plausible adversary and friendly COAs, CBRN

employment, and TIM ROTA.

Database

Develop a system for obtaining information, archiving data,

accessing databases, performing information/data queries, and

exchanging data files in support of CBRN functions and

activities.

Reachback capability

Develop a system providing the ability to rapidly and securely

reach back and contact CBRN experts and obtain CBRND

plans, procedures, information, and lessons learned.

Risk factor templates

Develop a system merging CBRN, intelligence, and

operational data and plans into standardized formats for

application to effectively and rapidly accomplish CBRN/TIM

functions and activities.

Link to GIS

Develop a system resident in standard C4ISR systems and

interface to GIS to provide input to the COP.

150

For Official Use Only

CBRND Functional Needs Analysis/Functional Solution Analysis

Chapter 9. Tactical Shape Tasks

9.20

Task TASHA 20: Manage CBRN material resources to ensure effective CBRND

task accomplishment

9.20.1

Functional Area Analysis

9.20.1.1

Definition

This task encompasses the ability to ensure resources are available to effectively perform

CBRND tasks across command echelons and units, as well as in support of coalition units,

NGOs, and indigenous civil authorities. Resources managed include CBRN systems, items of

equipment, consumables, and supplies. Involves resource tracking to ensure the effective

allocation of CBRND systems equipment, supplies, and consumables throughout the operating

area. Also manages demand for transportation and maintenance support for CBRND systems.

9.20.1.2

Derivation

UJTL (TA 5, TA 5.2.1, TA 6.5, TA 7, TA 7.1), Protection Joint Functional Concept, Military

Transformation: A Strategic Approach, Sense and Respond Logistics: Co-Evolution of an

Adaptive Capability Document Concept, Sense and Respond CONOPs.

9.20.1.2.1

Supported Task: OPSHA 3

9.20.1.2.2

Lateral Task: TASHLD 8

9.20.1.2.3

Supporting Task: N/A

9.20.1.3

Condition

Perform this task under conditions of:

Physical. N/A

Military

1. Partial preexisting arrangements. (C2.1.1.2)

2. Limited personnel experience. (C2.2.4.5)

3. Low military systems reliability. (C2.2.5.3)

4. Some interoperability. (C2.2.6)

5. Partial joint staff integration. (C2.3.1.1)

6. Partial multinational integration. (C2.3.1.2)

7. Limited staff expertise. (C2.3.1.3)

8. Restricted information exchange. (C2.3.1.8)

9. High information volume. (C2.3.1.9)

10. Limited deployed supplies. (C2.8.2)

11. Limited CONUS resupply. (C2.8.3)

Civil. N/A

152

For Official Use Only

CBRND Functional Needs Analysis/Functional Solution Analysis

Chapter 9. Tactical Shape Tasks

9.20.2

Functional Needs Analysis

9.20.2.1

Capability and Deficiency Assessment Summary

Table 9.20-1 discusses individual capabilities to perform this task to the designated standards.

U.S. forces have the capability to manage and maintain CBRND materiel resources (for U.S.

forces only) for short-term, moderate-intensity CBRND operation; they do not have the current

(or future) capability to ensure effective task accomplishment in high-intensity CBRND

operations or for coalition partners. The overall capability for current, near/mid, and far term are

rated “yellow.” Although improvements between the periods occur for specific capabilities and

are reflected in the associated identified values, the improved capabilities are not sufficient to

change the overall assessed color ratings for this task.

9.20.2.2

Overall Capability and Deficiency Assessment Summary

Table 9.20-2 shows the overall capabilities and deficiencies for this task.

Current Capability and Deficiency

The joint forces have limited capacity to provide and manage CBRN resources in a sustained

CBRND operation. Defense logistics processes and systems do exist to manage assets and

Service-specific processes and systems are incorporated. Current deficiencies include lack of

access to maintenance information; lack of supplies, equipment, and consumables to equip joint

forces for sustained high-intensity CBRND operations; lack of effective tools to determine COA;

insufficient and stove-piped systems track CBRND logistics items; and lack of integration of

CBRND logistics in the COP.

Projected Near/Mid-Term Capability and Deficiency

The DoD effort to standardize data structures and promote integration/interoperability will

provide increased opportunities for improvements in CBRND logistics management processes.

New DoD systems are expected to be in compliance with DISA standards and net-centric

capable, as appropriate during the current and near term for interoperability and net-centric

operations. Substantial upgrades to legacy systems are required to include DISA standards and

net-centric capabilities. Further, the mix of legacy and compliant systems will continue to require

the attentiveness and awareness of staffs to ensure effective collection, integration, and

dissemination of information until the legacy systems are either replaced or modified for

compliance. However, the current deficiencies remain and the potential opportunities afforded by

the DoD initiative and enhanced automation capabilities are not fully realized for CBRND.

Projected Far-Term Capability and Deficiency

All legacy systems are projected to either be in compliance with, or replaced by new systems that

are compliant with, DISA standards and fully support net-centric operations in the far term.

Otherwise, no change is projected for this task.

153

For Official Use Only

For Official Use Only

CBRND Functional Needs Analysis/Functional Solution Analysis

Chapter 9. Tactical Shape Tasks

Table 9.20-1. TASHA 20: Capability and Deficiency Assessment

Capability: Manage CBRN Resources

Current Overall Capability

4¹

5²

4¹

7¹

5³

5⁴

5⁵

Near/Mid-Term Overall Capability

Far-Term Overall Capability

FAA Measure

Scale

There is access to

8-10: Queriable, interoperable, and integrated logistics automated systems substantially or fully track and report availability

CBRND information for

and operational status of all CBRND assets—end items, consumables, and components—including maintenance, location,

maintenance.

condition, and manufacturer lot status data.

4-7: CBRND assets are tracked and reported using predominantly manual means, generally limited to aggregate information

(except possibly for selected end items).

1-3: CBRND asset information inadequate for determination of availability and status of material for support of operations.

0: CBRND asset information is not available for determination of availability and status of material for support of

operations.

Tools and processes are

8-10: CBRND logistics management doctrine, policies, procedures, TTPs and supporting interoperable and integrated

available to manage

automated systems and tools exist, are in place, provide current and accurate information to the COP, and support effective

CBRND material

management of CBRND material.

resources.

4-7: General logistics doctrine, policies, procedures, TTPs, and supporting automated systems and manual processes exist,

are in place, support predominantly manual management of material, and can provide selected information on CBRND

material.

1-3: Logistics management processes are inadequate for CBRND material.

0: Logistics management processes are nonexistent for CBRND material.

CBRND logistic tracking

8-10: CBRND logistics management doctrine, policies, procedures, TTPs, and supporting interoperable and integrated

system is sufficient.

automated systems exist, are in place, and provide current and accurate information to the COP for CBRND material.

4-7: General logistics doctrine, policies, procedures, TTPs, and supporting automated systems and manual processes exist,

are in place, and can provide selected information on CBRND material.

1-3: Logistics management processes are inadequate for monitoring CBRND material.

0: Logistics management processes are nonexistent for CBRND material.

Sufficient replacement

8-10: Adequate replacements end items, components, and consumables are available to rapidly support operations.

systems are available.

Replenishment is sufficient to maintain stocks and support routine and operational requirements.

4-7: Replacement end items, components, and consumables are available to support operations. Systems may be drawn

from noncommitted operational units and stocks to meet operational needs. Replenishment is sufficient to meet operational

requirements.

1-3: Replacement systems, components, and/or consumables are available in inadequate numbers exist to support

operations, and/or replenishment is inadequate to effectively support operational requirements.

0: Replacement systems, components, and/or consumables are not available and/or replenishment cannot support operational

requirements.

154

For Official Use Only

CBRND Functional Needs Analysis/Functional Solution Analysis

Chapter 9. Tactical Shape Tasks

Appropriate CBRND

8-10: CBRND logistics management doctrine, policies, procedures, TTPs, and supporting interoperable and integrated

logistics management

automated systems exist, are in place, and provide current and accurate information to the COP for CBRND material.

processes are in place.

4-7: General logistics doctrine, policies, procedures, TTPs, and supporting automated systems and manual processes exist,

are in place, and can provide selected information on CBRND material.

1-3: Logistics management processes are inadequate for CBRND material.

0: Logistics management processes are nonexistent for CBRND material.

Analytical tools are used

8-10: Automated logistics systems substantially or fully perform analytical processing of CBRND material data to assess

to assess logistics demand

logistical demands for plausible COAs.

for COA results.

4-7: Analytical process for the assessment of plausible CBRND material impacts upon COAs is performed predominantly

using manual means, is limited to available trained resources, and the quality and currency of the assessed data.

1-3: Inadequate capability to perform CBRND material assessments for the evaluation of plausible COAs.

0: Nonexistent capability to perform CBRND material assessments for the evaluation of plausible COAs.

Units are fully equipped

8-10: Units are equipped with necessary CBRND materials and assets in the quantities and types to effectively conduct

for CBRND operations.

sustained operations and maintain OPTEMPO within a CBRN/TIM hazard environment.

4-7: Units are equipped with necessary CBRND material and assets in adequate quantities to conduct operations within a

CBRN/TIM hazard environment.

1-3: Units are inadequately equipped with sufficient types or quantities of CBRND material and assets to conduct

operations within a CBRN/TIM hazard environment.

0: Units are not equipped with types or quantities of CBRND material and assets for operations within a CBRN/TIM hazard

environment.

CBRND resources are

8-10: Adequate replacements end items, components, and consumables are available to rapidly support operations.

limited or not employed

Replenishment is sufficient to maintain stocks and support routine and operational requirements.

due to insufficient/lack of

4-7: Replacement end items, components, and consumables are available to support operations. Systems may be drawn

supporting consumables

from noncommitted operational units and stocks to meet operational needs. Replenishment is sufficient to meet operational

requirements.

1-3: Replacement systems, components, and/or consumables are inadequate in numbers to support operations, and/or

replenishment is inadequate to support operational requirements.

0: Replacement systems, components, and/or consumables are not available and/or replenishment cannot support operational

requirements.

There is effective

8-10: DOTLPF exists and is adequate for this task. Task can be effectively performed with little or no direct impact upon

DOTLPF in place to

operations

conduct task.

4-7: Most critical aspects of DOTLPF for this task are addressed. Task can be performed with limitations requiring work-

arounds.

1-3: DOTLPF is inadequate for accomplishment of this task.

0: DOTLPF does not exist for this task.

¹ Stovepiped Service logistics systems exist for maintenance, stocks, transport, and requisitioning. However, these systems are not interoperable and integrated. Predominantly

manual means are applied to obtain and aggregate information, generally using manual reporting processes. General logistics DOTLPF are in place and support manual processes.

However, the information is not integrated into the COP for awareness and for rapid or immediate COA decisioning support. Assessment processes and integration into COA

development is generally performed manually. The effectiveness of CBRND logistics management is dependent upon the experience, skill, knowledge, and training of the assigned

155

For Official Use Only

CBRND Functional Needs Analysis/Functional Solution Analysis

Chapter 9. Tactical Shape Tasks

staff personnel and the quality and accuracy of the base information and varies between staffs. Net-centric operations and DISA data standards address interoperability and the

interchange of information among DoD systems and elements. DoD systems are expected to be increasingly in compliance with the DISA standards and net-centric capable, as

appropriate, during the mid term. New DoD systems are currently required to be in compliance with DISA standards and net-centric capable when fielded. All remaining legacy

systems are projected to either be replaced by, or be fully compliant with, DISA standards and net-centric capable in the far term. Interoperability with coalition partners, especially

non-NATO partners, may be a continuing issue requiring maintenance of attentiveness and awareness by the responsible centers. The programmed initial fielding of JOEF and

JEM in the mid term, with fielding completed early in the far-term, provides the staff with tools to identify and assess COAs supporting the effective allocation of CBRND

resources. However, the process will remain unchanged.

² CBRND equipment, systems, and types are available in sufficient quantities to support JTF operations in a CBRN environment, provided there do not exist conflicting demands

to support multiple concurrent operations with CBRN threat. A number of CBRND assets are low-density items and may require transfer from nonparticipating units to meet JTF

requirements. Further, the majority of the types of systems do not adequately support sustained operations and require infusion of increased CBRND resources to maintain

OPTEMPO. For example, COLPRO systems are generally large-scale systems, limited in number, and do not adequately support expeditionary and high-maneuver operations,

particularly in austere environments at the extremes of the lines of communication. Currently, replacement must be drawn from other deployable, but untasked, units. JECP is

programmed to field in the mid term and will provide COLPRO flexibility to support most operations and situations. Replenishment of depot supporting stocks of systems,

components, and consumables are largely dependent upon manufacturer production surge capacities and available production line capacities. Often, assets are manufactured under

sole source contracts, may contain proprietary materials/processes, and the asset or critical components may be produced outside of the United States. Further, asset

replacement/replenishment is dependent upon planning, available logistical transport resources, assigned priority in relation to other mission-critical assets, and the location and

status of the needed asset. DOTLPF provides for the acquisition and maintenance of war reserve materiel (WRM) stocks to meet projected operational requirements. However,

funding of WRM acquisitions and levels maintenance are performed by the Services and generally addressed after other operational requirements are satisfied. Funding of WRM

stocks of CBRND assets are not forecasted by the Services due to changing operational requirements and is performed on annually based upon available funds. Availability of

systems is further complicated in circumstances involving non-CBRND equipped partner forces, increasing demand upon available systems for initial and replacement support.

Other CBRND-capable partners may offset initial CBRND system requirements, but replacement and support of partner-provided assets requires close coordination and

cooperation between the JTF and the providing partner.

³ Limited availability of selected types and specific systems does not permit the allocation of these resources to all units possessing planned operational taskings. A number of

CBRND assets are low density and inadequate to support multiple operations involving a threat. Planners consider the availability of CBRND resources, threat, risks, and projected

operational requirements to identify CBRND requirements. Determination of the mix of systems is performed by the planners based upon this logistical information. Adjustments

are accomplished upon implementation of plans and as needed during operations to provide adequate quantities and types of CBRND materials for support of CBRN operations.

However, planning and CBRND assets do not adequately support sustained operations within a CBRN/TIM operations.

⁴ CBRND equipment, systems, and types are available in sufficient quantities to support JTF operations in a CBRN environment, provided there do not exist conflicting demands to

support multiple concurrent operations with CBRN threat. A number of CBRND assets are low-density items and may require transfer from nonparticipating units to meet JTF

requirements. Further, the majority of the types of systems do not adequately support sustained operations and require infusion of increased CBRND resources to maintain OPTEMPO.

For example, COLPRO systems are generally large-scale systems, limited in number, and do not adequately support expeditionary and high-maneuver operations, particularly in austere

environments at the extremes of the lines of communication. Currently, replacement must be drawn from other deployable, but untasked, units. JECP is programmed to field in the mid

term and will provide COLPRO flexibility to support most operations and situations. Replenishment of depot supporting stocks of systems, components, and consumables are largely

dependent upon manufacturer production surge capacities and available production line capacities. Often, assets are manufactured under sole source contracts and may contain

proprietary materials/processes and the asset or critical components may be produced outside of the United States. Further, asset replacement/replenishment is dependent upon planning,

available logistical transport resources, assigned priority in relation to other mission-critical assets, and the location and status of the needed asset. DOTLPF provides for the acquisition

and maintenance of WRM stocks to meet projected operational requirements. However, funding of WRM acquisitions and levels maintenance are performed by the Services and

generally addressed after other operational requirements are satisfied. Funding of WRM stocks of CBRND assets are not forecasted by the Services due to changing operational

requirements and is performed on an annually based upon available funds. Availability of systems is further complicated in circumstances involving non-CBRND equipped partner

forces, increasing demand upon available systems for initial and replacement support. Other CBRND-capable partners may offset initial CBRND system requirements, but replacement

and support of partner-provided assets requires close coordination and cooperation between the JTF and the providing partner.

⁵ Existing DOTLPF adequately addresses the performance of this task although predominantly using manual means. DOTLPF requires improvement to sufficiently address areas

increasingly important for the transformed force and the changing operational environment. DOTLPF will continue to need to evolve as systems, tactics, and situations change.

156

For Official Use Only

CBRND Functional Needs Analysis/Functional Solution Analysis

Chapter 9. Tactical Shape Tasks

9.20.3

Functional Solution Analysis

9.20.3.1

DOTLPF Assessment Summary

This section addresses the deficiencies and suggests potential non-materiel solutions. If there are

no non-materiel solutions or they are only partial solutions, the remaining non-materiel need is

then stated. Materiel needs are assessed in the IMA section.

1. Deficiency: Inadequate access to maintenance information.

Partial Non-Material Solutions: Doctrine: Doctrine and TTPs are required for emergent

access to maintenance information. Training: Training programs are required to ensure

personnel know-how to access information.

2. Deficiency: Inadequate ability to query and apply automated logistics information for

CBRND.

Partial Non-Material Solutions: Doctrine: Develop doctrine, policy, and TTPs

incorporating CBRND into logistics information processes. Training: Ensure CBRN staff

cell receive initial and recurring training on accessing automated logistics information

systems and processing information.

3. Deficiency: Inadequate integration of emergent capabilities and systems.

Partial Non-Material Solutions: Doctrine: Doctrine and TTPs need to evolve relevant to

emerging capability. Training: Ensure training programs are available for the effective use of

emergent resource management systems.

9.20.3.2

IMA Assessment Summary

Table 9.20-4 is a list of ideas for material approaches and a corresponding description of each

idea. In addition to the material approaches involving data access, modeling and automated tools,

this task also brings in the need for interfacing with logistical data to determine the current status

of CBRND equipment down to unit level. Table 9.20-5 identifies which of the material

approaches might address specific materiel deficiencies identified in the DOTMLPF assessment.

157

For Official Use Only

CBRND Functional Needs Analysis/Functional Solution Analysis

Chapter 9. Tactical Shape Tasks

Table 9.20-4. TASHA 20: Materiel Approaches

Idea for Materiel Approach

Description

Database

Develop a system for obtaining information, archiving data,

accessing databases, performing information/data queries, and

exchanging data files in support of CBRN functions and

activities.

Reachback capability

Develop a system providing the ability to rapidly and securely

reach back and contact CBRN experts and obtain CBRND

plans, procedures, information, and lessons learned.

Management of databases

Develop a system to link and manage the accuracy, adequacy,

and availability of CBRND information databases. Includes

access management, content control, and the conduct of data

set management. Also includes process to identify database

actions such as consolidation of similar databases,

establishment of new databases, archiving of obsolete

databases, etc.

Link to GIS

Develop a system resident in standard C4ISR systems and

interface with GIS to provide input to the COP.

Link to logistics systems

Develop an automated interface that tracks CBRND supplies

and equipment and their status and condition through existing

DoD logistics systems.

Simulations and models

Develop a system enabling operational commanders to

efficiently execute “what if” scenarios and facilitate the

evaluation of plausible adversary and friendly COAs, CBRN

employment, and TIM ROTA.

Risk factor templates

Develop a system merging CBRN, intelligence, and

operational data and plans into standardized automated

formats for application to effectively and rapidly accomplish

CBRN/TIM functions and activities.

158

For Official Use Only

CBRND Functional Needs Analysis/Functional Solution Analysis

Chapter 9. Tactical Shape Tasks

9.21

Task TASHA 21: Conduct immediate or local battlespace CBRN/TIM incident

COA assessment for maneuvering forces

9.21.1

Functional Area Analysis

9.21.1.1

Definition

Includes immediate or local CBRN/TIM incident COA assessment for maneuvering forces. Also

includes evaluating adversary COAs against maneuver force vulnerabilities and COAs for

maneuvering forces response. This considers all aspects of Shield, Shape, Sense, and Sustain

operational elements. As part of the process, tactical end states are envisioned for sustained

operation while enduring CBRN attacks.

9.21.1.2

Derivation

UJTL (TA 2.4, TA 5, TA 5.2.1, TA 6.5, TA 7, TA 7.1), Protection Joint Functional Concept,

Military Transformation: A Strategic Approach.

9.21.1.2.1

Supported Task: OPSHA 6

9.21.1.2.2

Lateral Task: N/A

9.21.1.2.3

Supporting Task: N/A

9.21.1.3

Condition

Perform this task under conditions of:

Physical

1. Moderately developed land. (C1.1)

2. Major storm weather systems. (C1.3.1.2)

3. Precipitating weather. (C1.3.1.3)

4. Strong atmospheric weapons effects. (C1.3.3)

Military

1. Limited modern military systems. (C2.2.5)

2. Partial joint staff integration. (C 2.3.1.1)

3. Limited staff expertise. (C2.3.1.3)

4. Restricted information exchange. (C2.3.1.8)

5. High information volume. (C2.3.1.9)

6. Low certitude of data. (C2.4.6)

Civil. N/A

160

For Official Use Only

CBRND Functional Needs Analysis/Functional Solution Analysis

Chapter 9. Tactical Shape Tasks

9.21.2

Functional Needs Analysis

9.21.2.1

Capability and Deficiency Assessment Summary

Table 9.21-1 discusses individual capabilities to perform this task to the designated standards.

The current capability to conduct CBRN/TIM incident COA assessment for maneuvering forces

is a manual process (essentially ATP-45 and map overlays), augmented with limited automated

tools that work in isolation and are not part of the COP. The overall capability for current,

near/mid, and far term are rated “yellow.” Although improvements between the periods occur for

specific capabilities and are reflected in the associated identified values, the improved

capabilities are not sufficient to change the overall assessed color ratings for this task.

Current Capability and Deficiency

Staffs and units have the capability to account for all Sense, Shape, Shield, and Sustain factors in

manual and mental processes. CBRND resource information is not included in the COP, and

there is a limited capability to share local information between adjacent units. Current

deficiencies include limited decision and assessment tools, lack of automated processes, lack of

capability to account for resources, lack of collaborative capability, the inability for agent/release

characterization at lower unit levels, and lack of CBRN resource visibility in the COP.

Projected Near/Mid-Term Capability and Deficiency

The programmed initial deployment of JWARN, JOEF, and JEM during the mid term provides

enhanced staff capability to effectively and rapidly assess CBRN events and to conduct COA

assessment. The DoD effort to standardize data structures and promote integration/

interoperability will provide increased opportunities for improvements in CBRND logistics

management processes. Developmental “born joint” DoD information systems will be compliant

with the four elements of the NR-KPP, ensuring interoperability, information assurance,

integration to the appropriate community of interest, as well as GIG architecture. Substantial

upgrades to legacy systems are required to include DISA standards and net-centric capabilities.

Further, the mix of legacy and compliant systems will continue to require the attentiveness and

awareness of staffs to ensure effective collection, integration, and dissemination of information

until the legacy systems are either replaced or modified for compliance. However, the current

deficiencies remain and the potential opportunities afforded by the DoD initiative and enhanced

automation capabilities are not fully realized for CBRND.

Projected Far-Term Capability and Deficiency

The completion of deployment of JWARN, JOEF, and JEM is expected during the early far term.

All legacy systems are projected to either be in compliance with, or replaced by new systems that

are compliant with, DISA standards and fully support net-centric operations in the far term.

Otherwise, no change projected for this task.

161

For Official Use Only

For Official Use Only

CBRND Functional Needs Analysis/Functional Solution Analysis

Chapter 9. Tactical Shape Tasks

Table 9.21-1. TASHA 21: Capability and Deficiency Assessment

Capability: Immediate or Local Battlespace CBRN/TIM

Incident COA Assessment for Maneuvering Forces

Current Overall Capability

6¹

5²

5³

6⁴

4⁵

3⁶

5⁷

Near/Mid-Term Overall Capability

Far-Term Overall Capability

FAA Measure

Scale

Assessment is conducted

8-10: Electronic collaborative workspaces with automated tools exist and are predominantly applied for evaluation,

collaboratively.

assessment, planning, and decisioning processes.

4-7: Manual collaborative processes are predominantly applied for the evaluation, assessment, planning, and decisioning

processes.

1-3: Collaborative processes are inadequate for the conduct of evaluation, assessment, planning, and decisioning

processes.

0: Collaborative processes do not exist for the conduct of evaluation, assessment, planning, and decisioning processes.

Operational and

8-10: All intelligence, operations, and CBRN staff personnel are formally trained and receive recurring refresher

analytical/planning staffs

training on the conduct of CBRN COA assessment for event response.

have the training and

4-7: Limited training is provided, is inconsistent, and/or is administered in preparation for operations to intelligence,

experience to effectively

operations, and CBRN cell specialists for the processing and conduct of CBRN event response COA assessment.

assess CBRN event

1-3: Adversary CBRN event response COA assessment training is inadequate to support operations.

response COAs.

0: Adversary CBRN event response COA assessment training is nonexistent.

There are sufficient doctrine

8-10: Doctrine, policies, procedures, and TTPs are adequate for effective assessments and are actively revised to exploit

and TTPs for effective

current, emerging, and projected technologies and changes to tactics, systems, capabilities, and situations.

assessments.

4-7: Doctrine, policies, procedures, and TTPs for assessment exist but are predominantly manual and are periodically

revised to exploit technologies and operational changes.

1-3: Doctrine, policies, procedures, and TTPs are inadequate for effective assessments.

0: Doctrine, policies, procedures, and TTPs are nonexistent for effective assessments.

All pertinent Sense, Shape,

8-10: Automated processes, templates, and collaborative spaces ensure all relevant issues and needs are addressed. Staff

Shield, and Sustain factors

and CBRN specialists are highly trained, knowledgeable, and possess access to needed reference material and impacting

are considered.

information.

4-7: Manual processes are predominantly applied to address pertinent CBRND issues and are dependent upon the

training, skill, experience, and knowledge of staff participants.

1-3: Processes are inadequate for the identification and planning of pertinent CBRND issues, and/or staff and/or CBRN

specialist participants do not possess adequate training, skill, experience, and knowledge to adequately perform the task.

0: Processes do not exist for the identification and planning of pertinent CBRND issues, and/or staff and/or CBRN

specialist participants do not possess training, skill, experience, and knowledge to perform the task.

162

For Official Use Only

CBRND Functional Needs Analysis/Functional Solution Analysis

Chapter 9. Tactical Shape Tasks

CBRND resources location,

8-10: CBRND logistics management doctrine, policies, procedures, TTPs, and supporting interoperable and integrated

status, and availability

automated systems and tools exist, are in place, provide current and accurate information to the COP, and support

displayed by COP.

effective management of CBRND material.

4-7: General logistics doctrine, policies, procedures, TTPs and supporting automated systems and manual processes

exist, are in place, support predominantly manual management of material, and can provide selected information on

CBRND material. Placement on the COP, when performed, is by manual entry.

1-3: Logistics management processes are inadequate for CBRND material.

0: Logistics management processes are nonexistent for CBRND material.

Accurate local data are

8-10: Micrometeorology, microterrain, unit element locations, and CBRN detection and characterization data are

available.

available, accurate, and effectively applied to microlevel hazard prediction using automated systems and tools. Data are

correlated and processed to identify and characterize the hazard and the results are posted on the COP in near-real time.

4-7: Meso-/macrometeorological and terrain, unit locations, and CBRN detection and characterization data are available,

accurate, and adequately applied to meso-/macrolevel hazard prediction. Data is correlated and processed predominantly

using manual means to identify and characterize the hazard. Input to the COP is usually performed manually.

1-3: Meteorology, terrain, unit location, and/or CBRN detection and characterization data are inadequate to support

operations.

0: Meteorology, terrain, unit location, and/or CBRN detection and characterization data are nonexistent.

There is effective DOTLPF

8-10: DOTLPF exists and is adequate for this task. Task can be effectively performed with little or no direct impact

in place to conduct task.

upon operations.

4-7: Most critical aspects of DOTLPF for this task are addressed. Task can be performed with limitations requiring

work-arounds.

1-3: DOTLPF is inadequate for accomplishment of this task.

0: DOTLPF does not exist for this task.

¹ Assessments currently require collaboration using traditional means such as telephone calls, personal visits, mail routing, e-mail, and other similar means. There is an absence of

electronic collaborative workspaces within which differing functions and activities are able to cooperatively assist the evaluation, assessment, planning, and decisioning process

without time delay and the need for physical presence. Automated tools could effectively enhance and be enhanced by these electronic rooms. Collaborative workspaces support

net-centric operations. These workspaces are inevitable and a natural progression with the increasing utility of automation and information sharing.

² Limited training is provided to intelligence, operations, and CBRN cell specialists for the processing and conduct of CBRN incident COA development and assessment.

Consistent formal and refresher training on immediate or local battlefield CBRN incident COA development and assessment is not regularly and routinely performed. Limited

routine training is provided and often is not focused until preparation for operations. The fielding of JEM and JOEF provide capability to refine cell specialist skills as part of local

training and exercising/evaluations. Initial fielding of JEM and JOEF is projected for mid term with completion of fielding in the early far term. However, supporting and requiring

DOTLPF is necessary to ensure attainment and maintenance of capability.

³ Doctrine, policies, procedures, and TTPs exist and are sufficient for the manual performance of effective CBRN incident assessment. This is not true for current, emerging, and

projected automated and simulated based assessment tools. Doctrine, policies, procedures, and TTPs must evolve to accommodate changes in tactics, systems, capabilities, and

situations.

⁴ Manual processes exist and are applied by staff and NBC specialists. However, the breadth and depth of planning and consideration of CBRND issues is dependent upon the

knowledge, skills, and experience of the participants in the process. The projected initial fielding of JEM and JOEF, with fielding completed in the early far term, provides

enhanced automated capabilities to conduct COA development and determination of supporting resource allocations for CBRND.

⁵ Stovepiped Service logistics systems exist for maintenance, stocks, transport, and requisitioning. However, these systems are not interoperable and integrated. Predominantly

manual means are applied to obtain and aggregate information, generally using manual reporting processes. General logistics DOTLPF are in place and support manual processes.

However, the information is not integrated into the COP for awareness and for rapid or immediate COA decisioning support. CBRN units are identified and tracked at the unit

163

For Official Use Only

CBRND Functional Needs Analysis/Functional Solution Analysis

Chapter 9. Tactical Shape Tasks

level. The specific status of the unit, to include available resources, is current as of the last report by the unit. Assessment processes and integration into COA development is

generally performed manually. The effectiveness of CBRND logistics management is dependent upon the experience, skill, knowledge, and training of the assigned staff

personnel, quality and accuracy of the base information, and varies between staffs. Net-centric operations and DISA data standards address interoperability and the interchange of

information among DoD systems and elements. DoD systems are expected to be increasingly in compliance with the DISA standards and net-centric capable, as appropriate,

during the mid term. New DoD systems are currently required to be in compliance with DISA standards and net-centric capable when fielded. All remaining legacy systems are

projected to either be replaced by, or be fully compliant with, DISA standards and net-centric capable in the far term. Interoperability with coalition partners, especially non-NATO

partners, may be a continuing issue requiring maintenance of attentiveness and awareness by the responsible centers. The programmed initial fielding of JOEF and JEM in the mid

term provides the staff with tools to identify and assess COAs supporting the effective allocation of CBRND resources. However, the process will remain unchanged. Completed

fielding of JEM and JOEF is expected in the early far term.

⁶ Current DOTLPF and available limited automated systems fielded with operational units is inadequate to perform micro-level data assimilation and display. Micro-level data,

when available, is at greater depth of detail than required by the current standard ATP process. Hazard identification, characterization, and hazard impacts are conducted at the

meso-/macrolevel and are consistent with ATP-45 processes. The ATP-45 process broadly applies the information without consideration of changes in terrain and meteorology at

dispersed unit locations. The ATP-45 process is inadequate to meet needs in urban or complex terrain. The initial mid-term fielding of JWARN, JOEF, and JEM will expand data

collection, assessment, and display capabilities. Data will be accessed on a continuing basis and processed information updated. Completion of the fielding of JWARN, JOEF, and

JEM is expected in the early far term.

⁷ Existing DOTLPF adequately addresses the performance of this task although predominantly using manual means. DOTLPF requires improvement to sufficiently address areas

increasingly important for the transformed force and the changing operational environment. DOTLPF will continue to need to evolve as systems, tactics, and situations change.

164

For Official Use Only

CBRND Functional Needs Analysis/Functional Solution Analysis

Chapter 9. Tactical Shape Tasks

9.21.3

Functional Solution Analysis

9.21.3.1

DOTLPF Assessment Summary

This section addresses the deficiencies and suggests potential non-materiel solutions. If there are

no non-materiel solutions or they are only partial solutions, the remaining non-materiel need is

then stated. Materiel needs are assessed in the IMA section.

Deficiency: Absence of COA tool for CBRN incident impact.

Partial Non-Material Solutions: Training: Develop training programs that encompass and

support operational application of emergent assessment tools.

Deficiency: Lack of collaborative capability available to CBRND staff cells and specialists.

Partial Non-Material Solutions: Doctrine: Enhance doctrine and TTPs to support active

collaboration among the joint forces and coalition partners. Training: Develop training,

exercises, and evaluations supporting and challenging collaborative processes among

involved forces.

Deficiency: Lack of advanced training programs for automated tools

Non-Material Solutions: Training: Implement training programs for staff members on

collaborative assessment processes.

Deficiency: Inadequate doctrine and TTPs accounting for emergent JWARN and JEM

capability.

Non-Material Solutions: Doctrine: Expand doctrine and TTPs to address the application of

advanced assessment tools.

Deficiency: Lack of characterization capability at the unit level.

Partial Non-Material Solutions: Organization: Make provision for sensors at the unit level.

Training: Establish training programs for the effective local level use of sensors.

9.21.3.2

IMA Assessment Summary

Table 9.21-4 is a list of ideas for material approaches and a corresponding description of each

idea. Simulations and models, data reachback capability, links to GIS, improved sensors and

tables and templates are all material approaches to accomplish this task. Table 9.21-5 identifies

which of the material approaches might address specific materiel deficiencies identified in the

DOTMLPF assessment.

165

For Official Use Only

CBRND Functional Needs Analysis/Functional Solution Analysis

Chapter 9. Tactical Shape Tasks

Table 9.21-4. TASHA 21: Materiel Approaches

Idea for Materiel Approach

Description

Simulations and models

Develop a system enabling operational commanders to

efficiently execute “what if” scenarios and facilitate the

evaluation of plausible adversary and friendly COAs, CBRN

employment, and TIM ROTA.

Database

Develop a system for obtaining information, archiving data,

accessing databases, performing information/data queries, and

exchanging data files in support of CBRN functions and

activities.

Reachback capability

Develop a system providing the ability to rapidly and securely

reach back and contact CBRN experts and obtain CBRND

plans, procedures, information, and lessons learned.

Risk factor templates

Develop a system merging CBRN, intelligence, and

operational data and plans into standardized automated formats

for application to effectively and rapidly accomplish

CBRN/TIM functions and activities.

Link to GIS

Develop a system resident in standard C4ISR systems and

interface with GIS to provide input to the COP.

Improved CBRN detectors

Ensure current and future detector programs quickly identify,

quantify and disseminate detected CBR/TIM agent events.

CBRN staff collaboration

Develop automated system among and between CBRND

tools

specialists and other functions (e.g., operations, logistics) to

allow collaboration between these functional areas and link to

the COP.

Field CBRN information

Develop a field resource system that will provide and search

resource

archived information for CBRN/TIM agents, effects,

treatments, etc.

Link to logistics systems

Develop an automated interface that tracks CBRND supplies

and equipment and their status and condition through existing

DoD logistics systems.

166

For Official Use Only

CBRND Functional Needs Analysis/Functional Solution Analysis

Chapter 9. Tactical Shape Tasks

9.22

Task TASHA 22: Provide CBRN attack or TIM release impact assessment

throughout the local or immediate battlespace

9.22.1

Functional Area Analysis

9.22.1.1

Definition

The impact assessments are made by unit and command staffs as rapidly as possible. Access to

local meteorology data and environmental conditions are essential to the assessment process.

Assessments are time-phased over the predicted hazards fate. Addresses impacts to personnel,

casualties, operations, terrain, equipment, and fixed, as well as, mobile forces. This assessment

of the CBRN/TIM hazard impact is combined with other assessments of the situation to enable a

complete combat risk assessment by the commander. As part of the process, tactical end states

are envisioned for sustained operations, while enduring CBRN attacks.

9.22.1.2

Derivation

UJTL (TA 5, TA 5.2.1, TA 6.5, TA 7, TA 7.1), Protection Joint Functional Concept, Military

Transformation: A Strategic Approach.

9.22.1.2.1

Supported Task: OPSHA 12

9.22.1.2.2

Lateral Task: N/A

9.22.1.2.3

Supporting Task: N/A

9.22.1.3

Condition

Perform this task under conditions of:

Physical

1. Moderately developed land. (C1.1)

2. Induced air. (C1.3)

3. Temperate climate. (C1.3.1)

4. Strong atmospheric weapons effects. (C1.3.3)

Military

1. Limited modern military systems. (C2.2.5)

2. Partial joint staff integration. (C2.3.1.1)

3. Limited staff expertise. (C2.3.1.3)

4. Restricted information exchange. (C2.3.1.8)

5. High information volume. (C2.3.1.9)

6. Low certitude of data. (C2.4.6)

Civil. N/A

168

For Official Use Only

CBRND Functional Needs Analysis/Functional Solution Analysis

Chapter 9. Tactical Shape Tasks

9.22.2

Functional Needs Analysis

9.22.2.1

Capability and Deficiency Assessment Summary

Table 9.22-1 discusses individual capabilities to perform this task to the designated standards.

The capability includes the current manual method of preparing and distributing impact

assessments in the present and the mid- to far-term fielding of JWARN, JEM, and JOEF to meet

the identified standards. The overall capability for current, near/mid, and far term are rated

“yellow.” Although improvements between the periods occur for specific capabilities and are

reflected in the associated identified values, the improved capabilities are not sufficient to change

the overall assessed color ratings for this task.

Current Capability and Deficiency

Limited manual, nonnetworked capability exists to assess impacts of CBRN attack or TIM

release. Current deficiencies include limited automation, constrained archival capabilities, and

lack of sophisticated assessment tools.

Projected Near/Mid-Term Capability and Deficiency

JWARN, in conjunction with JEM and JEOF, will provide substantial improvement in the area.

JWARN, JEM, and JOEF are projected for initial deployment during the mid term. However, the

limitation to ATP-45 information and processes restricts the systems to the meso-/macrolevel of

assessment and modeling. Coalition partners are not certain to possess sufficient automated

capabilities to exchange, integrate, and process CBRND information.

Projected Far-Term Capability and Deficiency

Completion of deployment of JWARN, JOEF, and JEM is expected in the early far term.

Otherwise, no change is projected for this task.

169

For Official Use Only

For Official Use Only

CBRND Functional Needs Analysis/Functional Solution Analysis

Chapter 9. Tactical Shape Tasks

Table 9.22-1. TASHA 22: Capability and Deficiency Assessment

Capability: Impact Assessment of the

M10

M11

Local Immediate Battlespace

Current Overall Capability

6¹

4²

1³

5⁴

5⁵

5⁶

5⁷

6⁸

4⁹

5¹⁰

Near/Mid-Term Overall Capability

Far-Term Overall Capability

FAA Measure

Scale

CBRN/TIM

8-10: CBRN staff cell, unit staff, and automated systems possess unrestricted access to stored data on CBRN and TIM

information is

agents. Data sets are integrated and interoperable with CBRN systems. Additional information support is available using

accessible.

electronic Reachback and connectivity to information sources located outside the AO. Reachback is transparent to the user.

4-7: CBRN staff cell and unit personnel predominantly depend upon doctrine, policies, procedures, TTPs, reference material,

and acquired training and knowledge for evaluation and assessment of CBRN and TIM agents.

1-3: Access to CBRN and/or TIM information is inadequate to support operations.

0: Access to CBRN and/or TIM information is nonexistent.

CBRN staff cell and

8-10: CBRN staff cell and units possess dedicated information technology resources and tools for the accomplishment and

units have access to

performance of their duties and responsibilities. These are used to support operational and training requirements.

dedicated information

4-7: CBRN staff cell and units are able to access shared information technology resources and tools for operational

technology resources

requirements and training

to perform tasks and

1-3: CBRN staff cell and units possess limited access to shared information technology resources for operational

responsibilities.

requirements and training

0: CBRN staff cell and units do not possess access to information technology.

Plausible end states

8-10: Standardized M&S capability exists to assess and visualize potential end-states based upon assessed COAs (both CBRN and

envisioned are based

TIM) and is applied by all operating forces and staffs, is reviewed and assessed against other COAs, and the selected COA is placed

on the response COAs.

into the COP. M&S continuously refreshes as new information drawn from interoperable sources and selections are made.

4-7: Operating force staff possess M&S capability and resources to perform M&S visualization of potential end-states based

upon assessed COAs (CBRN or TIM) and is commonly applied by operating forces and staffs. Selected COA is placed into

the COP and refreshes as new information is processed.

1-3: Visualization of potential COA end-states are inadequate for minimal support of operations.

0: Visualization of potential COA end-states are nonexistent.

An automated

8-10: Secure, interoperable, and interactive electronic processes and workspaces with automated tools exist and are

assessment process is

predominantly applied by all relevant echelons of the joint force, coalition partners, and other authorized entities.

in place.

4-7: Collaborative and interoperable manual processes are predominantly applied by most planning staffs of the joint force,

coalition partners, and other authorized entities.

1-3: Process is inadequate or collaboration and interoperability is limited within or between elements of the joint force,

coalition partners, and other authorized entities.

0: Process is nonexistent, or are not collaborative and interoperable within or between elements of the joint force, coalition

partners, and other authorized entities.

170

For Official Use Only

CBRND Functional Needs Analysis/Functional Solution Analysis

Chapter 9. Tactical Shape Tasks

Assessment is

8-10: Integrated, interoperable, and interactive automated systems substantially collect, validate, compile, process, and

conducted in a time

evaluate CBRN information in near-real time for assessment and COA determination. Information is posted on the COP.

responsive manner.

4-7: Doctrine, policies, procedures, TTPs, and formats exist and are applied and are generally performed manually for

assessment. Timeliness is contingent upon operational considerations and unit/personnel capabilities.

1-3: The timeliness of assessment is not adequate to minimally support survival and operational needs.

0: The timeliness of assessment fails to support survival and operational needs.

The assessment is

8-10: Electronic collaborative workspaces with automated tools exist and are predominantly applied for evaluation,

conducted

assessment, planning, and decisioning processes.

collaboratively.

4-7: Manual collaborative processes are predominantly applied for evaluation, assessment, planning, and decisioning processes.

1-3: Collaborative processes are inadequate for the conduct of evaluation, assessment, planning, and decisioning processes.

0: Collaborative processes do not exist for the conduct of evaluation, assessment, planning, and decisioning processes.

Analytical/planning

8-10: All intelligence, operations, and CBRN staff personnel are formally trained and receive recurring refresher training on

staffs have the training

the conduct of CBRN COA assessment for event response.

and experience to

4-7: Limited training is provided, is inconsistent, and/or is administered in preparation for operations to intelligence,

effectively assess

operations, and CBRN cell specialists for the processing and conduct of CBRN event response COA assessment.

adversary and

1-3: Adversary CBRN event response COA assessment training is inadequate to support operations.

CBRN/TIM event

0: Adversary CBRN event response COA assessment training is nonexistent.

response COAs.

Analytical/planning

8-10: All intelligence, operations, and CBRN staff personnel are formally trained, receive recurring refresher training, and

staffs have the training

are routinely exercised and evaluated on the use of automated tools and processes for assessment of CBRN COA events and

and experience to

their potential impacts upon forces and operations.

effectively assess the

4-7: Limited training is provided, is inconsistent, and/or is administered in preparation for operations to intelligence,

CBRN/TIM event

operations, and CBRN cell specialists for the predominantly manual conduct of assessments of CBRN events and their

situation and its

potential impacts upon forces and operations.

impacts.

1-3: CBRN event situation and impact assessment training is inadequate to support operations.

0: CBRN event situation and impact assessment training is nonexistent.

There are sufficient

8-10: Doctrine, policies, procedures, and TTPs are adequate for effective assessments and are actively revised to exploit

doctrine and TTPs for

current, emerging, and projected technologies and changes to tactics, systems, capabilities, and situations.

effective assessments.

4-7: Doctrine, policies, procedures, and TTPs for assessment exist but are predominantly manual and are periodically revised

to exploit technologies and operational changes.

1-3: Doctrine, policies, procedures, and TTPs are inadequate for assessments.

0: Doctrine, policies, procedures, and TTPs are nonexistent for effective assessments.

M10

Accurate

8-10: Micrometeorology is available, accurate, and effectively applied to microlevel hazard prediction using automated

meteorological data

systems and tools. Data is correlated and processed to characterize CBRN hazards as impacted by weather, and the results

are available.

are posted on the COP in near-real time.

4-7: Meso-/macrometeorological data are available, accurate, and adequately applied to meso-/macrolevel hazard prediction.

Data are correlated and processed predominantly using manual means to characterize CBRN hazards as impacted by

weather. Input to the COP is usually performed manually.

1-3: Meteorology data are inadequate to support operations.

0: Meteorology data are nonexistent.

171

For Official Use Only

CBRND Functional Needs Analysis/Functional Solution Analysis

Chapter 9. Tactical Shape Tasks

M11

There is effective

8-10: DOTLPF exists and is adequate for this task. Task can be effectively performed with little or no direct impact upon

DOTLPF in place to

operations.

conduct task.

4-7: Most critical aspects of DOTLPF for this task are addressed. Task can be performed with limitations requiring work-

arounds.

1-3: DOTLPF is inadequate for accomplishment of this task.

0: DOTLPF does not exist for this task.

¹ CBRN staff cell and unit personnel deploy with hard and electronic copies of doctrine and reference material for the performance of their duties and responsibilities. However,

training and acquired knowledge provide the basis for decisioning and the effective application of the manually accessed information sources.

² CBRN staff cell personnel and unit personnel possess access to shared information technology resources and tools. CBRN personnel do not possess dedicated information

technology to perform training and operational requirements. Available resources are shared with other requiring activities and functions. The projected initial fielding of JWARN,

JOEF, and JEM provide using CBRN personnel to more efficiently perform their tasks and responsibilities. The fielding of JWARN, JOEF, and JEM is projected to be completed

during the early far term.

³Insufficient simulation capability in available automated assessment tools or completely unavailable for manual vulnerability assessment. Currently available modeling and

simulation tools are limited to HPAC- and VLSTRACK-based systems designed for graphics-enhanced systems. COTS M&S tools, such as ADASHI, provide limited capabilities

but are not DISA certified. Current M&S tools, additionally, are not interoperable and are not linked within the COP. They must be manually data entered and manipulated. JOEF

and JEM are envisioned as providing forces with the tools to assess and simulate plausible adversary COAs. Additionally, they may be also used to assess actual events and for

training. JOEF and JEM will be initially fielded in the mid term with fielding completion expected in early far-term. However, the extent to which JOEF and JEM will address

TIM (and the specific agents to be included) is not as yet determined. JOEF is projected to include analytical tools for the evaluation of COAs and will draw information from

diverse sources operating using GIG Enterprise Services. Visualization through modeling and simulation is projected to be accomplished using JEM. JOEF and JEM are

programmed to link with the COP via GIG Enterprise Service. However, not all coalition partners are certain to possess sufficient automated capabilities for the integration and

application of generated and displayed CBRND information.

⁴ The assessment process is performed manually by most planning staffs. Automated tools, systems, and processes are not in place at this time. Timeliness is a factor of operational

considerations, available communications capabilities, and skilled personnel. The fielding of JWARN, JOEF, and JEM to operational units in the mid term will provide automated

assessment tools for application in planning and response to CBRN/TIM events. However, not all coalition partners are certain to possess sufficient automated capabilities for the

exchange, integration, and application of automated CBRND information and processes.

⁵ Assessments currently require collaboration using traditional means such as telephone calls, personal visits, mail routing, e-mail, and other similar means. There is an absence of

electronic collaborative workspaces within which differing functions and activities are able to cooperatively assist the evaluation, assessment, planning, and decisioning process

without time delay and the need for physical presence. Automated tools could effectively enhance and be enhanced by these electronic rooms. Collaborative workspaces support

net-centric operations. These workspaces are inevitable with the increasing utility of automation and information sharing. The initial fielding during the mid term of JWARN,

JOEF, and JEM provide the CBRN staff cell with tools for conducting assessments and developing COAs. The fielding of JWARN, JOEF, and JEM is expected to be completed

during the early far term. However, not all coalition partners are certain to possess sufficient automated capabilities for the integration and application of automated CBRND

information.

⁶ Limited training is provided to intelligence, operations, and CBRN cell specialists for the processing and conduct of CBRN incident COA development and assessment.

Consistent formal and refresher training on immediate or local battlefield CBRN incident COA development and assessment is not regularly and routinely performed. Limited

routine training is provided and often is not focused until preparation for operations. Collaborative processes for planning, evaluation, assessment, and decisioning are manual in

nature and time-consuming. The fielding of JEM and JOEF provide capability to refine cell specialist skills as part of local training and exercising/evaluations. JEM and JOEF are

projected for initial fielding during the mid term and completion of fielding expected during the early far term. However, supporting and requiring DOTLPF is necessary to ensure

attainment and maintenance of capability.

⁷ Limited training is provided to intelligence, operations, and CBRN cell specialists for the processing and conduct of CBRN incident COA development and assessment.

Consistent formal and refresher training on immediate or local battlefield CBRN incident COA development and assessment is not regularly and routinely performed. Limited

routine training is provided and often is not focused until preparation for operations. The fielding of JEM and JOEF provide capability to refine cell specialist skills as part of local

training and exercising/evaluations. JEM and JOEF are projected for initial fielding during the mid term and completion of fielding expected during the early far term. However,

supporting and requiring DOTLPF is necessary to ensure attainment and maintenance of capability.

172

For Official Use Only

CBRND Functional Needs Analysis/Functional Solution Analysis

Chapter 9. Tactical Shape Tasks

⁸ Doctrine, policies, procedures, and TTPs exist are sufficient for the manual performance of effective CBRN incident assessment. This statement is not true for current, emerging,

and projected automated and simulated based assessment tools. Doctrine, policies, procedures, and TTPs must evolve to accommodate changes in tactics, systems, capabilities, and

situations.

⁹ Current DOTLPF and available limited automated systems fielded with operational units is inadequate to perform microlevel data assimilation and display. Microlevel data, when

available, is at greater depth of detail than required by the current standard ATP process. Hazard identification, characterization, and hazard impacts are conducted at the meso-

/macrolevel and are consistent with ATP-45 processes. The ATP-45 process broadly applies the information without consideration of changes in terrain and meteorology at

dispersed unit locations. The ATP-45 process is inadequate to meet needs in urban or complex terrain. The projected fielding of JWARN, JOEF, and JEM will expand data

collection, assessment, and display capabilities. JWARN, JOEF, and JEM are projected to be initially fielded in the mid term with fielding expected to be completed in the early far

term. Data will be accessed on a continuing basis and processed information updated. However, these systems are based upon the ATP-45 process and formats. Further, the

modeling and simulation software is meso-/macrolevel.

¹⁰ Existing DOTLPF adequately addresses the performance of this task although predominantly using manual means. DOTLPF requires improvement to sufficiently address areas

increasingly important for the transformed force and the changing operational environment. DOTLPF will continue to need to evolve as systems, tactics, and situations change.

173

For Official Use Only

CBRND Functional Needs Analysis/Functional Solution Analysis

Chapter 9. Tactical Shape Tasks

9.22.3

Functional Solution Analysis

9.22.3.1

DOTLPF Assessment Summary

This section addresses the deficiencies and suggests potential non-materiel solutions. If there are

no non-materiel solutions or they are only partial solutions, the remaining non-materiel need is

then stated. Materiel needs are assessed in the IMA section.

1. Deficiency: Inadequate access to information and archived data.

Partial Non-Material Solutions: Doctrine: Improve doctrine, policies, procedures, and

TTPs required enhancing information archival and access. Training: Improve training for use

of archives.

2. Deficiency: Lack of advanced impact assessment tools.

Partial Non-Material Solutions: Doctrine: Improve doctrine, procedures, policies, and

TTPs for advanced assessment tools as fielded. Training: Training programs are required for

effective application of advanced assessment tools.

3. Deficiency: Insufficient training, due to staff turnover.

Non-Material Solutions: Training: Training programs are required for effective application

of advanced assessment tools.

9.22.3.2

IMA Assessment Analysis

Table 9.22-4 is a list of ideas for material approaches and a corresponding description of each

idea. Approaches for this task include reachback capability to lessons learned databases and the

management and maintenance of those databases. Table 9.22-5 identifies which of the material

approaches might address specific materiel deficiencies identified in the DOTMLPF assessment.

174

For Official Use Only

CBRND Functional Needs Analysis/Functional Solution Analysis

Chapter 9. Tactical Shape Tasks

9.23

Task TASHA 23: Conduct immediate or local battlespace CBRN/TIM incident

COA assessment for fixed and mobile sites

9.23.1

Functional Area Analysis

9.23.1.1

Definition

Includes local or immediate CBRN/TIM incident COA assessment for specific fixed sites.

Includes evaluating local adversary attack COAs and local responses for accurate response and

mitigation of COAs. Sense, Shape, Shield, and Sustain factors are thoroughly addressed. During

the process tactical end states are envisioned for sustained operations, while enduring CBRN

attacks. The assessments impact fixed-site planning and preparations.

9.23.1.2

Derivation

UJTL (TA 5, TA 5.2.1, TA 6.5, TA 7, TA 7.1), Protection Joint Functional Concept, Military

Transformation: A Strategic Approach.

9.23.1.2.1

Supported Task: OPSHA 6

9.23.1.2.2

Lateral Task: N/A

9.23.1.2.3

Supporting Task: N/A

9.23.1.3

Condition

Perform this task under conditions of:

Physical

1. Moderately developed land. (C1.1)

2. Induced air. (C1.3)

3. Temperate climate. (C1.3.1)

4. Strong atmospheric weapons effects. (C1.3.3)

Military

1. Limited modern military systems. (C2.2.5)

2. Partial joint staff integration. (C2.3.1.1)

3. Limited staff expertise. (C2.3.1.3)

4. Restricted information exchange. (C2.3.1.8)

5. High information volume. (C2.3.1.9)

6. Low certitude of data. (C2.4.6)

Civil. N/A

177

For Official Use Only

CBRND Functional Needs Analysis/Functional Solution Analysis

Chapter 9. Tactical Shape Tasks

9.23.2

Functional Needs Analysis

9.23.2.1

Capability and Deficiency Assessment Summary

Table 9.23-1 discusses individual capabilities to perform this task to the designated standards.

The capabilities include the current manual method of preparing incident assessments and the

mid- to far-term fielding of JWARN, JEM and JOEF to meet the identified standards. The

overall capability for current, near/mid, and far term are rated “yellow.” Although improvements

between the periods occur for specific capabilities and are reflected in the associated identified

values, the improved capabilities are not sufficient to change the overall assessed color ratings

for this task.

Current Capability and Deficiency

Joint forces have limited capability to conduct CBRN/TIM incident COA assessment for fixed

and mobile sites. Manual, subjective, processes are currently used. Visibility of CBRND

resources on the COP is not currently available. Hazard information transfer is limited to

ATP-45 format, a manual (preautomation) system.

Projected Near/Mid-Term Capability and Deficiency

When fielded, JWARN (with JOEF and JEM) will help with COA assessment and increase the

potential for collaborative assessments. JWARN (with JOEF and JEM) are projected for initial

fielding in the mid term. DOTLPF must be prepared to support emerging systems. JWARN will

provide the joint forces with a comprehensive analysis and response capability to minimize the

effects of hostile NBC attacks as well as accidents and incidents. JOEF and JEM will interface

through and with JWARN. It will provide the operational capability to employ NBC warning

technology which will collect, analyze, identify, locate, report and disseminate NBC warnings.

JWARN will be compatible and integrated with joint and Service Common Operating

Environment-based operational and non-Common Operating Environment-based tactical

C4ISR systems. However, the limitation to ATP-45 information and process restricts the system

to the meso-/macrolevel. The DoD effort to standardize data structures and promote

integration/interoperability will provide increased opportunities for improvements in CBRND

logistics management processes. New DoD systems are expected to be in compliance with DISA

standards and net-centric capable, as appropriate during the current and near term for

interoperability and net-centric operations. Substantial upgrades to legacy systems are required to

include DISA standards and net-centric capabilities. Further, the mix of legacy and compliant

systems will continue to require the attentiveness and awareness of staffs to ensure effective

collection, integration, and dissemination of information until the legacy systems are either

replaced or modified for compliance. However, the current deficiencies remain and the potential

opportunities afforded by the DoD initiative and enhanced automation capabilities are not fully

realized for CBRND.

178

For Official Use Only

For Official Use Only

CBRND Functional Needs Analysis/Functional Solution Analysis

Chapter 9. Tactical Shape Tasks

Table 9.23-1. TASHA 23: Capability and Deficiency Assessment

Capability: Conduct Immediate or Local Battlespace CBRN/TIM

Incident COA Assessment for Fixed and Mobile Sites

Current Overall Capability

5¹

5²

5³

6⁴

4⁵

4⁶

5⁷

Near/Mid-Term Overall Capability

Far-Term Overall Capability

FAA Measure

Scale

Assessment is conducted

8-10: Electronic collaborative workspaces with automated tools exist and are predominantly applied for evaluation,

collaboratively.

assessment, planning, and decisioning processes.

4-7: Manual collaborative processes are predominantly applied for the evaluation, assessment, planning, and

decisioning processes.

1-3: Collaborative processes are inadequate for the conduct of evaluation, assessment, planning, and decisioning

processes.

0: Collaborative processes do not exist for the conduct of evaluation, assessment, planning, and decisioning

processes.

Operational and analytical/

8-10: All intelligence, operations, and CBRN staff personnel are formally trained and receive recurring refresher

planning staffs have the

training on the conduct of CBRN COA assessment for event response.

training and experience to

4-7: Limited training is provided, is inconsistent, and/or is administered in preparation for operations to intelligence,

effectively assess CBRN event

operations, and CBRN cell specialists for the processing and conduct of CBRN event response COA assessment.

response COAs.

1-3: Adversary CBRN event response COA assessment training is inadequate to support operations.

0: Adversary CBRN event response COA assessment training is nonexistent.

There are sufficient doctrine

8-10: Doctrine, policies, procedures, and TTPs are adequate for effective assessments and are actively revised to

and TTPs for effective

exploit current, emerging, and projected technologies and changes to tactics, systems, capabilities, and situations.

assessments.

4-7: Doctrine, policies, procedures, and TTPs for assessment exist but are predominantly manual and are

periodically revised to exploit technologies and operational changes.

1-3: Doctrine, policies, procedures, and TTPs are inadequate for assessments.

0: Doctrine, policies, procedures, and TTPs are nonexistent for effective assessments.

All pertinent Sense, Shape,

8-10: Automated processes, templates, and collaborative spaces ensure all relevant issues and needs are addressed.

Shield, and Sustain factors are

Staff and CBRN specialists are highly trained, knowledgeable, and possess access to needed reference material and

considered.

impacting information.

4-7: Manual processes are predominantly applied to address pertinent CBRND issues and are dependent upon the

training, skill, experience, and knowledge of staff participants.

1-3: Processes are inadequate for the identification and planning of pertinent CBRND issues, and/or staff and/or

CBRN specialist participants do not possess adequate training, skill, experience, and knowledge to adequately

perform the task.

0: Processes do not exist for the identification and planning of pertinent CBRND issues, and/or staff and/or CBRN

specialist participants are not trained, experienced, and knowledgeable in the task.

180

For Official Use Only

CBRND Functional Needs Analysis/Functional Solution Analysis

Chapter 9. Tactical Shape Tasks

CBRND resources location,

8-10: CBRND logistics management doctrine, policies, procedures, TTPs, and supporting interoperable and

status, and availability

integrated automated systems and tools exist, are in place, provide current and accurate information to the COP, and

displayed on COP.

support effective management of CBRND material.

4-7: General logistics doctrine, policies, procedures, TTPs and supporting automated systems and manual processes

exist, are in place, support predominantly manual management of material, and can provide selected information on

CBRND material. Placement on the COP, when performed, is by manual entry.

1-3: Logistics management processes are inadequate for CBRND material.

0: Logistics management processes are nonexistent for CBRND material.

Accurate local meteorological

8-10: Micrometeorology is available, accurate, and effectively applied to microlevel hazard prediction using

data are available.

automated systems and tools. Data is correlated and processed to characterize CBRN hazards as impacted by

weather, and the results are posted on the COP in near-real time.

4-7: Meso-/macrometeorological data are available, accurate, and adequately applied to meso-/macrolevel hazard

prediction. Data is correlated and processed predominantly using manual means to characterize CBRN hazards as

impacted by weather. Input to the COP is usually performed manually.

1-3: Meteorology data are inadequate to support operations. Dedicated CBRN/TIM information processing

mechanisms are inadequate to support CBRN/TIM processing for decisioning.

0: Dedicated CBRN/TIM information processing mechanisms do not exist.

There is effective DOTLPF in

8-10: DOTLPF exists and is adequate for this task. Task can be effectively performed with little or no direct impact

place to conduct task.

upon operations

4-7: Most critical aspects of DOTLPF for this task are addressed. Task can be performed with limitations requiring

work-arounds.

1-3: DOTLPF is inadequate for accomplishment of this task.

0: DOTLPF does not exist for this task.

¹ Assessments currently require collaboration using traditional means such as telephone calls, personal visits, mail routing, e-mail, and other similar means. There is an absence of

electronic collaborative workspaces within which differing functions and activities are able to cooperatively assist the evaluation, assessment, planning, and decisioning process

without time delay and the need for physical presence. Automated tools could effectively enhance and be enhanced by these electronic rooms. Collaborative workspaces support

net-centric operations. These workspaces are inevitable with the increasing utility of automation and information sharing.

² Limited training is provided to intelligence, operations, and CBRN cell specialists for the processing and conduct of CBRN incident COA development and assessment.

Consistent formal and refresher training on immediate or local battlefield CBRN incident COA development and assessment is not regularly and routinely performed. Limited

routine training is provided and often is not focused until preparation for operations. The fielding of JWARN, JEM and JOEF provide capability to refine cell specialist skills as

part of local training and exercising/evaluations. These systems are projected for initial fielding within the mid term, and fielding is expected to be completed in the early far term.

However, supporting and requiring DOTLPF is necessary to ensure attainment and maintenance of capability.

³ Doctrine, policies, procedures, and TTPs exist are sufficient for the manual performance of effective CBRN incident assessment. This statement is not true for current, emerging,

and projected automated and simulated-based assessment tools. Doctrine, policies, procedures, and TTPs must evolve to accommodate changes in tactics, systems, capabilities, and

situations.

⁴ Manual processes exist and are applied by staff and NBC specialists. However, the breadth and depth of planning and consideration of CBRND issues is dependent upon the

knowledge, skills, and experience of the participants in the process. The projected initial fielding of JWARN, JEM and JOEF, with fielding completed in the early far term, provide

enhanced automated capabilities for CBRND.

⁵ Stovepiped Service logistics systems exist for maintenance, stocks, transport, and requisitioning. However, these systems are not interoperable and integrated. Predominantly

manual means are applied to obtain and aggregate information, generally using manual reporting processes. General logistics DOTLPF are in place and support manual processes.

However, the information is not integrated into the COP for awareness and for rapid or immediate COA decisioning support. CBRN units are identified and tracked at the unit

181