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When m ounted on a p ress , the die s et is fastened to the bolster plate of the p ress by m eans of straps and bolts . The upp e r shoe is fastened to the press ram by its shank, whos e head fits into the T-shaped slot of the transition shank fastened to the ram by bolts . The s hank head is made spherical in order to avoid the transmiss ion of nonaxial forces from the press ram to the upper shoe of the die set. Such nonaxial forces could result from clearances and disto rtions in the moving parts . A s comparatively large clearances exis t between the moving ram and its guide, guidepins are included in the die s et to ensure maintenance of the proper relationship between the uppe r and lower die elements . ! I I! lJl Smm l5 3 � z "' 6 4-o 0 � 1.5 --" u E Bridge FIGURE 1 1 . Determination of the width of bridges a1 The dimensions of the die s ets used in watch production are standardized (Table 2 ). The m ain working pa rts of a blanking die are the die and the punch. Dies can be made either with a cylindrical portion beyond the cutting edge of the die, or with an angular clearance s tarting right from the cutting edge (Figure 1 2 ) . Dies with a cylindrical portion a s distinct f rom dies with a n angular clearance only, preserve their s ize after regrinding of the fac e . The clear ance between punch and die does not change in s uch dies . The cutting edge 6 5 |