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FM 3-21.220/MCWP 3-15.7/AFMAN11-420/NAVSEA SS400-AF-MMO-010
b. Leaders should never bypass a soldier on the DZ. Every soldier “wandering
around” ought to be either pointed in the right direction or integrated with that leader’s
unit.
CAUTION
If you train as you fight, you will fight as you train. Do
not let heavy loads exceed the capabilities of your
jumpers just because you are in combat.
28-3. LANDING PLAN
The development of the landing plan must be thorough. Assembly areas must be selected.
A heavy drop plan with multiple HD impact points along the length and across the width
of the DZ may be necessary. Offset HDs as required.
a. Vehicle drivers and equipment operators should land in the same sector of the DZ
where the impact point for their equipment is located. Commanders must spread the HD
impact points along the entire DZ; they do not saturate one small sector of the DZ, thus
making a lucrative enemy target. They must consider the time and distance factors where
load number 1 and load number 2 from the same aircraft will land. For example,
delivering a howitzer and its prime mover from the same aircraft ensures they both land
on the same DZ but physically separated. The crew should be cross-loaded accordingly.
b. GUCs adjust loads and HD impact points so howitzers and prime movers land at
or near the same point. If the crew cannot locate their assigned prime mover right away,
they should take the nearest one they can find and move out.
c. Crew members should not waste time looking for a particular bumper number on
the DZ. If the vehicle belongs to the unit, recover it.
d. GUCs carefully plan CDS delivery. Rather than dropping the CDS in the center of
the DZ, they must drop it along the edge of the DZ or on the unit assembly area. If a CDS
is needed later, GUCs deliver it on or near the assault objective. Regardless of the
decision as to where and when the CDS is needed, they must plan carefully so that
backhauling is reduced.
28-4. HEAVY DROP LOADS
Minimum-essential HD loads should precede the personnel drop. Other important HD
equipment should follow the assault personnel drop as soon as possible. Units cannot
fight without heavy weapons, vehicles, and ammunition bundles. Peacetime safety rules
require a 30-minute to one-hour separation between personnel drops and HD unless the
HD is delivered first. These rules do not apply in combat. Door bundles or wedge loads
can be dropped from any aircraft. Bundles should be exited on the green light with troops
following immediately.
28-5. INJURED PERSONNEL
Mission completion is paramount in combat. Soldiers will want to provide aid to their
buddies injured during the jump, but speed is critical, and every fighter is needed to
28-3
FM 3-21.220/MCWP 3-15.7/AFMAN11-420/NAVSEA SS400-AF-MMO-010
seize and secure the assault objective. Therefore, injured personnel are cared for as
follows:
a. Medics must quickly join and move to the assault objectives with their assigned
units. Medics should not stop on the DZ to care for injured parachutists
(non-life-threatening casualties); injured jumpers will be cared for later.
b. Jumpers must be briefed and understand that they cannot stop on the DZ to help
their buddies who were hurt during the jump and who received non-life-threatening
injuries.
NOTE: The most effective way to aid an injured paratrooper on the DZ is to eliminate
the enemy threat.
28-6. SUPPLIES
Units should obtain more critical items than are actually needed for mission
accomplishment to compensate for those items that are damaged or destroyed during the
airdrop.
a. Resupply and ammunition replenishment are the parachutist’s most serious
problem. Commanders should devise alternate methods of insertion for items such as
LAWs, antitank mines, RAAWs, mortar rounds, or radio batteries. They should not rely
on the individual paratrooper.
b. Keep door bundles rigid and light if you are exiting jumpers after them. Litters
provide an excellent platform to build door bundles on. They provide rigidity and a
means to move the load quickly while on the ground.
CAUTION
If you train as you fight, you will fight as you train. Do
not let heavy loads exceed the capabilities of your
jumpers just because you are in combat.
28-4
FM 3-21.220(FM 57-220)/MCWP 3-15.7/AFMAN11-420/NAVSEA SS400-AF-MMO-010
APPENDIX A
AIRBORNE REFRESHER TRAINING
Airborne refresher training is required for personnel who have not
jumped within a 6-month period. The length of the refresher training
depends on the proficiency of the parachutist. The minimum requirements
are in Table A-1. Airborne refresher training will be instructed and
documented by a qualified and current JM. Individual service components
may modify these requirements depending on training aids and equipment
availability.
PERIOD
HOURS
LESSON
TRAINING AIDS/EQUIPMENT
1
1
Sustained airborne training (pre-
Two-foot PLF platforms, sawdust
jump) to include PLFS (front,
pit, and mock door.
side, and rear) and methods of
recovery.
2
1
Fitting and wearing the T-10-
TOE and TDA equipment, ALICE
series or MC1-series parachute
pack and HSPR, T-10-series and
and B-5/B-7 life preservers;
MC1-series parachute assemblies,
rigging individual equipment in
B-5/B-7 life preservers, and
the HSPR; and packing
individual weapons/equipment
individual weapons/equipment
containers.
containers.
3
1
Actions in the aircraft rehearsal,
Mock door structures and 5-foot
proper exit procedures,
static lines with snap hooks.
sequence of jump commands, all
jump commands, first two points
of performance.
4
1
Control of canopy, turns, slips,
Suspended harness apparatus (if
entanglements, emergency
available) and swing landing trainer
landings, landing attitude, and
apparatus (if available).
activation of the reserve.
5
1
Door exit procedure rehearsal,
34-foot tower (if available) and troop
sequence of first three points of
parachute harness.
performance, releasing
equipment containers, and
activation of reserve.
6
1
Parachute jump.
Aircraft, parachutes, DZ, unit
equipment.
Table A-1. Minimum requirements, airborne refresher training.
A-1
FM 3-21.220(FM 57-220)/MCWP 3-15.7/AFMAN11-420/NAVSEA SS400-AF-MMO-010
APPENDIX B
JUMPMASTER TRAINING COURSE
The Jumpmaster Training Course is the standard US Army course of
instruction designed to qualify individuals as jumpmasters for
conventional static line parachuting. It is the standard for all airborne
unit activities. The course is approximately 2 weeks long and contains 97
hours of instruction.
SUBJECT
SCOPE
HOURS
In-processing
Administrative in-process of class.
1.0
Orientation and
Orientation on the course requirements
1.0
Administration
that the student must meet to include
student handouts, questionnaires, the
entire training schedule, and the grading
system used to evaluate students.
Duties and
Discussion of the duties and
2.0
Responsibilities
responsibilities of the jumpmaster and
of the
safety personnel from the time of
Jumpmaster and
notification until completion of the
Safety
airborne operation.
Individual
Discussion of the characteristics and
2.0
Equipment
nomenclature of individual equipment
Containers
containers to include a demonstration on
the correct rigging, attachment, and
lowering procedures for the ALICE pack,
M1950 weapons case, and AT4JP.
Army Aircraft
Familiarization with the preparation,
1.0
Orientation
inspection, and jump procedures for the
UH-1H, UH-60A, and CH-47 helicopters.
Jumpmaster
Demonstration of the correct method of
37.0
Personnel
inspecting a parachutist and attached
Inspection
combat equipment. Remaining hours are
spent on practical exercise using two-
man buddy teams, where the student is
required to conduct a personnel
inspection and find and report major and
minor rigging deficiencies that have been
placed in the parachute assembly and
attached equipment. Students are
changed over often to ensure all receive
the same amount of inspection time.
B-1
FM 3-21.220/MCWP 3-15.7/AFMAN11-420/NAVSEA SS400-AF-MMO-010
SUBJECT
SCOPE
HOURS
USAF Aircraft
General aircraft descriptions, jumpmaster
1.0
procedures, and aircraft preparations.
Critical elements of airborne operations
are the aircraft and drop altitude. These
aircraft are service tested and approved
for troop drops. Minimum jump altitude
and considerations that apply to basic
airborne jumps, tactical training jumps,
and combat jumps are discussed.
Prejump
Discussion of the five points of
1.0
Training
performance and methods of activating
the reserve, towed parachutist
procedures, collisions, entanglements,
and the three types of emergency
landings.
A-Series
Discussion of the characteristics,
2.0
Containers
capabilities, and methods of packing,
rigging, and inspecting the A-series
containers, and how to attach and inspect
the cargo parachute.
Duties and
Discussion of the prerequisites to perform
1.0
Responsibilities
duties as the drop zone support team
of the
leader (DZSTL), drop zone safety officer
DZSO/DZSTL
(DZSO), assistant drop zone safety
officer (ADZSO). Discussion of tactical
DZ assessment and composition of the
team for different airdrop scenarios.
Scoring procedures using MAC Form 168
are included.
Jump
Demonstration and practical exercise of
4.0
Commands,
the proper sequence of jump commands
Door
and time warnings with proper hand-and-
Procedures, and
arm signals; the door procedures used by
Door Bundle
a jumpmaster; and door bundle ejection
Ejection
procedures using aircraft mock-ups.
Procedures
Remaining time is spent for practical
exercise in the mock-ups (or actual
aircraft).
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FM 3-21.220/MCWP 3-15.7/AFMAN11-420/NAVSEA SS400-AF-MMO-010
SUBJECT
SCOPE
HOURS
CARP Drop
Additional discussion includes drop zone
2.0
Zones
surveys (USAF Form 3823, DZ
Survey, formerly MAC Form 339).
Discussion of the methods of marking
drop zones for computed air release point
(CARP). Discussion of drop zone
selection factors. Practical exercise on
determining the mean effective wind and
use of authorized anemometers.
Familiarization with drop zone marking
requirements for day and night airborne
operations. Discussion of ADEPT options
(1, 2, and mass exits).
Nomenclature
Written nomenclature examination.
0.5
Examination
Review and
Brief review of the previous week’s
1.0
Critique
instruction to ensure all questions and
tasks are clear.
Nomenclature
Personnel who failed the initial test are
0.5
Examination
retested.
Retest
Written
Written comprehensive examination
1.0
Examination
which covers all instruction that has been
presented.
Jumpmaster
Each student inspects three
4.0
Personnel
parachutists—two with no combat
Inspection
equipment and one combat-equipped
Pre-Examination
parachutist (5-minute time limit).
Jumpmaster
Each student inspects three
3.0
Personnel
parachutists—two with no combat
Inspection
equipment and one combat-equipped
Examination
parachutist (5-minute time limit).
Jumpmaster
Personnel who failed the initial test are
2.0
Personnel
retested.
Inspection
Retest
Prejump
Oral presentation by each student to
6.0
Training
determine his ability to effectively conduct
Examination
prejump training.
B-3
FM 3-21.220/MCWP 3-15.7/AFMAN11-420/NAVSEA SS400-AF-MMO-010
SUBJECT
SCOPE
HOURS
Jumpmaster
A briefing on all airborne operations and
.5
Briefing
grading procedures.
Aircraft
Practical exercise on aircraft inspection
1.0
Inspection Class
procedures using the C-130 or C-141.
Written
Personnel who failed the initial test are
1.0
Examination
retested.
Retest
Day Practical
Graded practical exercise jumpmastering
10.0
Work in Aircraft
personnel with attached equipment. Half
Examination
the students are graded while the other
half act as their jumpers. A second lift is
required to test the second half of the
class.
Maintenance of
Inspection, maintenance, and turn-in of all
1.0
Air Items
air items used during the airborne
operations.
Out-processing
Administrative out-processing the class.
2.0
Graduation
1.0
B-4
FM 3-21.220(FM 57-220)/MCWP 3-15.7/AFMAN11-420/NAVSEA SS400-AF-MMO-010
APPENDIX C
JUMPMASTER REFRESHER COURSE
The Jumpmaster Refresher Course is designed to update qualified
jumpmasters who are not in a current status IAW Chapter 7. It ensures
that standardization of course content is maintained. The unit designated
to conduct this course ensures that equipment normally used is available
for this training. The course will be instructed and documented by a
current and qualified JM. All JMs should attend a refresher course on a
yearly basis, no matter the level of experience or currency. This will
ensure all personnel are familiar with current changes, procedures, and
standardization. Any unit having special requirements, such as
nonstandard aircraft or special items of equipment, may add periods of
instruction to the course as needed. Individual service components may
modify these requirements depending on training aids and equipment
availability.
SUBJECT
SCOPE
HOURS
Individual
Characteristics and nomenclature of
1.0
Equipment
individual equipment containers.
Demonstration of the correct rigging,
attaching, and lowering procedures for
approved and tested equipment in use by
the training unit.
Jumpmaster
Demonstration of the correct method for
2.0
Personnel
inspecting a parachutist with attached
Inspection
combat equipment. Practical exercise uses
two-man buddy teams, where the individual
is required to conduct a personnel
inspection and find/report major and minor
rigging deficiencies that have been placed
in the parachute assembly and attached
equipment. Personnel changed often to
ensure all receive the same amount of
inspection time.
Pre-Jump
Discussion of the five points of performance
0.5
Training
and methods of activating the reserve,
towed parachutist procedures, collisions,
entanglements, and the three types of
emergency landings.
C-1
FM 3-21.220/MCWP 3-15.7/AFMAN11-420/NAVSEA SS400-AF-MMO-010
SUBJECT
SCOPE
HOURS
Drop Zone
Discussion and familiarization of the
1.0
Support Teams,
prerequisites to perform duties as the drop
DZ Procedures,
zone support team leader (DZSTL), drop
and DZ Formulas
zone safety officer (DZSO), assistant drop
zone safety officer (ADZSO); and
composition of the team for different airdrop
scenarios. Scoring procedures using MAC
Form 168 are included.
Jump
Discussion and practical exercise (PE) of
1.0
Commands,
the proper sequence of jump commands
Rigging
and time warnings with appropriate hand-
Procedures,
and-arm signals, door procedures used by
Spotting
the jumpmaster, and door bundle ejection
Procedures, Door
procedures. A demonstration is given using
Procedures, and
aircraft mock-ups. The remaining time is
Door Bundle
spent for practical exercise in the mock-ups
Ejection
(or actual aircraft).
Procedures,
CRCC
CARP Drop
Additional discussion of methods of marking
1.0
Zones
drop zones for computed air release point
(CARP). Students are familiarized with drop
zone marking requirements for day and
night airborne operations.
C-2
FM 3-21.220(FM 57-220)/MCWP 3-15.7/AFMAN11-420/NAVSEA SS400-AF-MMO-010
APPENDIX D
PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS FOR WATER,
WIRE, AND TREE EMERGENCY LANDINGS
An airborne airdrop is an inherently high-risk operation. When water,
wire, or tree obstacles are on or close to the intended drop zone, the
jumpers face an even higher risk of injury. This appendix assists the
commander in conducting a DZ risk assessment analysis. This appendix
also provides the commander, DZSO/DZSTL, and JM with operational
and logistical planning measures to lower the risks jumpers may
encounter during airborne operations. Individual service components may
modify these requirements depending on training aids and equipment
availability. Individual service components will follow their own service
risk assessment procedures and regulations.
D-1. WATER OBSTACLES
A water obstacle is any body of water (for example, a lake, pond, river, stream, or canal)
that has a depth of 4 feet or more, is 40 feet wide or wider, and is located within 1,000
meters of any edge of the surveyed or tactically assessed DZ.
a. Risk Assessment Analysis for a Drop Zone with Water Obstacles. When
making a training parachute jump DZ risk assessment, the commander should consider
the proximity of the water obstacle to the DZ, the depth of the water obstacle, and the
width of the water obstacle. Additionally, the following factors may enter into the water
obstacle risk assessment: the condition of the water obstacle bottom, the current of a
free-flowing water obstacle, water temperature, the number of obstacles, the equipment
available to reduce the risk level, jumper experience levels, jump time (day or night and
percent of illumination), and whether or not the selected DZ is critical to mission success.
The following risk categories are assigned to DZs with water obstacles:
(1) High Risk. A high-risk condition exists if a water obstacle is within 1,000 meters
of any edge of the DZ, water depth is 4 feet or more, and water is 40 feet wide or wider.
If a high-risk condition exists, it will be necessary to use a boat detail and have approved
life preservers on the jumpers. If the water is 4 feet deep or more, but not over 40 feet
wide, a boat detail is not required. However, approved life preservers are still required for
the jumpers.
(2) Medium Risk. A medium-risk condition exists if a water obstacle is more than
1,000 meters but less than 1,500 meters from any edge of the DZ, water depth is 4 feet or
more, and water is 40 feet wide or wider.
(3) Low Risk. A low-risk condition exists if a water obstacle is more than 1,500
meters from any edge of the DZ, water depth is 4 feet or more, and water is 40 feet wide
or wider.
b. Planning Considerations. The commander, DZSO/DZSTL, and JM perform the
following actions to reduce the risks associated with water obstacles:
(1) Commander.
(a) Ensure a risk assessment analysis has been conducted to determine the
unintentional water landing risk level for jumpers. If a high risk exists, select (if possible)
an alternate DZ that allows mission conduct at a lower risk level.
D-1
FM 3-21.220/MCWP 3-15.7/AFMAN11-420/NAVSEA SS400-AF-MMO-010
(b) Ensure a follow-on assessment has been made to determine whether the jumpers’
risk level has changed.
(c) Ensure that key leaders, jumpmasters, and jumpers have been informed of the
water obstacle risks and the risk level (high, medium, or low).
(d) Ensure USAF Form 3823, DZ Survey (formerly MAC Form 339), is current and
available. Ensure the DZSO/DZSTL and JM have read it and completely understand the
unintentional water landing risk level and the safety measures that are to be used.
(e) If a boat detail is used, ensure the DZSO/DZSTL and the unit providing the detail
have properly conducted initial or refresher training. Ensure the OIC/NCOIC of the boat
detail knows where and when the detail begins its duties and how to contact the
DZSO/DZSTL.
(f) Ensure that approved life preservers are coordinated for if used.
(g) Ensure the DZSO/DZSTL, JM/AJM, safeties, and jumpers are informed of all
water obstacle risks and that the DZSO/DZSTL and JM complete their duties.
(2) DZSO/DZSTL.
(a) Determine if a follow-on assessment of the DZ has been conducted to confirm the
current status.
(b) If the risk assessment indicates high risk and a boat detail is necessary, ensure the
OIC/NCOIC is fully briefed on the plan. Ensure all boat detail personnel have been
trained and have all necessary equipment available to conduct the mission.
(c) Read all applicable regulations, FMs, and SOPs. Ensure copies are present
throughout mission.
(3) Jumpmaster.
(a) If approved life preservers are to be used, ensure they have been inspected within
the last 180 days and are serviceable, and that all jumpers have been trained on life
preserver wear, fit, and use (to include manual inflation).
(b) Ensure all personnel have received prejump training within 24 hours prior to drop
time, with special emphasis on unintentional water landings.
c. Water Obstacle Coverage. Each water obstacle may require a different type of
coverage. The following is an example composition of a boat detail. Equipment should be
altered to best accomplish the mission.
(1) OIC/NCOIC (qualified as a boat operator) and assistant boat operator.
(2) Qualified boat operators - 1 primary and 1 assistant for each boat.
(3) Recovery personnel - 2 for each boat (one may be lifeguard qualified and combat
lifesaver certified). All boat detail personnel should be strong swimmers.
(4) Each recovery boat team may need the following equipment:
• Boat (Zodiac RB-10 or solid-bodied boat of comparable size) with operable
outboard motor.
• Enough fuel/oil to complete the mission.
• Life vest/floatation device for each boat detail member and additional
floatation devices for jumpers.
• Life ring with attached rope—1.
• Radio with spare battery—1.
• Shepherd’s crook—1.
• Grappling hook—1.
• Long backboard to facilitate CPR—1.
D-2
FM 3-21.220/MCWP 3-15.7/AFMAN11-420/NAVSEA SS400-AF-MMO-010
• Aid bag with resuscitation equipment—1.
• Rope, 120 feet long—1.
(5) For night recovery operations, each recovery boat must have operational night
vision devices with spare batteries - 2 for each boat.
d. Optional Training. The following optional training is suggested:
(1) Suspended harness training on second through fifth points of performance may be
given. Step-by-step training on the procedures jumpers will take for an unintentional
water landing may be conducted.
(2) An optional dunk tank training device may be constructed to allow the lowering
of jumpers (wearing parachute harness and B-5 or B-7 life preserver) into the water. This
training familiarizes the jumpers with the proper emergency water landing procedures.
D-2. WIRE OBSTACLES
A wire obstacle is a wire or set of wires (regardless of height or type) located within
1,000 meters of any edge of the surveyed or tactically assessed DZ. The types of wire
obstacles that could pose a risk to jumpers are power, telephone, or cable television
wires. Wire fence can be regarded as an obstacle if it will pose a hazard to jumpers.
Power line capacity (voltage or amperage) is not a factor when determining the risk to
jumpers who may come in contact with a wire obstacle on or near the DZ.
CAUTION
Regardless of voltage or current-carrying capacity, if a
power line is located within 1,000 meters of any edge
of the surveyed or tactically assessed DZ, the power
should be cut off before using the DZ, if possible.
a. Risk Assessment Analysis for a Drop Zone with Wire Obstacles. When
making a training parachute jump DZ risk assessment, the commander should consider
the proximity of the wire obstacle to the DZ, the height of the wire obstacle, the number
of obstacles, the equipment available to reduce the risk level, jumper experience levels,
drop time (day or night and percent of illumination), and whether or not the selected DZ
is critical to mission success. The following risk categories are assigned to DZs with wire
obstacles:
(1) High Risk. A high-risk condition exists if a wire obstacle is within 1,000 meters
of any edge of the DZ. If a high-risk condition exists, it may be necessary to have a
recovery detail at the DZ.
(2) Medium Risk. A medium-risk condition exists if a wire obstacle is more than
1,000 meters but less than 1,500 meters from any edge of the DZ.
(3) Low Risk. A low-risk condition exists if a wire obstacle is more than 1,500 meters
from any edge of the DZ.
b. Planning Considerations. The commander, DZSO/DZSTL, and JM perform the
following actions to reduce the risks associated with wire obstacles:
D-3
FM 3-21.220/MCWP 3-15.7/AFMAN11-420/NAVSEA SS400-AF-MMO-010
(1) Commander.
(a) Ensure a risk assessment analysis has been conducted to determine the
unintentional wire landing risk level for jumpers. If a high risk exists, select (if possible)
an alternate DZ which allows mission conduct at a lower risk level.
(b) Ensure a follow-on assessment has been made to determine whether the jumpers’
risk level has changed.
(c) Ensure that key leaders, jumpmasters, and jumpers have been informed of the
wire obstacle risks and the risk level (high, medium, or low).
(d) Ensure USAF Form 3823, DZ Survey (formerly MAC Form 339), is current and
available. Ensure the DZSO/DZSTL and JM have read it and completely understand the
wire landing risk level and the safety measures to be used.
(e) If a recovery detail is used, ensure the DZSO/DZSTL and the unit providing the
detail have properly conducted initial or refresher training. Ensure the OIC/NCOIC of the
recovery detail knows where and when the detail begins its duties and how to contact the
DZSO/DZSTL.
(f) Ensure the DZSO/DZSTL, JM/AJM, and jumpers have been informed of all wire
obstacle risks. Ensure the DZSO/DZSTL and JM complete their duties.
(2) DZSO/DZSTL.
(a) Determine if a follow-on assessment of the DZ has been conducted to confirm the
current status.
(b) If the risk assessment indicates high risk and a recovery detail is utilized, ensure
that the OIC/NCOIC is fully briefed on the plan. Ensure all recovery personnel have been
trained and have all necessary equipment available to them to conduct the mission.
(c) Ensure that coordination with the power company has been made to cut off the
power not later than 1 hour prior to drop time, if possible.
(d) Read all applicable regulations, FMs, and SOPs. Ensure copies are present
throughout mission.
(3) Jumpmaster.
(a) Ensure all personnel have been briefed on the wire obstacles.
(b) Ensure all personnel have received prejump training within 24 hours prior to drop
time with special emphasis on unintentional wire landings.
c. Wire Obstacle Coverage. Each wire obstacle may require different types of
coverage. The following is an example composition of a recovery detail. Equipment
should be altered to best accomplish the mission.
(1) OIC/NCOIC and assistant.
(2) Enough personnel to recover jumpers who may become entangled in the wire
obstacles.
(3) A recovery team may need the following equipment:
• Radios with spare batteries - 2 (1 for OIC/NCOIC and 1 for recovery team).
• Grappling hook—1.
• Tree-climbing kit—1.
• Long backboard to facilitate CPR—1.
• Aid bag with resuscitation equipment—1.
• Ropes, 120 feet long—2.
• Wood poles 15 feet long—2.
• Wood extension ladder, 20 feet long—1.
D-4
FM 3-21.220/MCWP 3-15.7/AFMAN11-420/NAVSEA SS400-AF-MMO-010
• Snap links—4.
(4) For night recovery operations, the following equipment should be added:
• Night vision devices (with spare batteries) for each team.
• Operational flashlights (with spare batteries) for each team.
d. Optional Training. Optional training includes suspended harness training on the
second through fifth points of performance. Step-by-step training on the procedures
jumpers take for unintentional wire landings may be conducted.
D-3. TREE OBSTACLES
A tree obstacle is any tree or group of trees that are on, around, or within 1,000 meters of
any edge of the drop zone.
a. Risk Assessment Analysis for a Drop Zone with Tree Obstacles. When making
a training parachute jump DZ risk assessment, the commander should consider the
proximity of the tree obstacles to the DZ, the number of obstacles, the equipment
available to reduce the risk level, jumper experience levels, drop time (day or night and
percent of illumination), and whether or not the selected DZ is critical to mission success.
The following risk categories are assigned to DZs with tree obstacles:
(1) High Risk. A high-risk condition exists if a tree or group of trees are within 1,000
meters of the DZ or are on any edge of the DZ and have a height of 35 feet or more. If a
high-risk condition exists, it may be necessary to have a recovery detail present at
the DZ.
(2) Medium Risk. A medium-risk condition exists if a tree or group of trees are on or
within 1,000 meters of any edge of the DZ and have a height of 20 to 35 feet.
(3) Low Risk. A low-risk condition exists if a tree obstacle having a height of less
than 20 feet is on or within 1,000 meters of any edge of the drop zone.
b. Planning Considerations. The commander, DZSO/DZSTL, and JM perform the
following actions to reduce the risks associated with tree obstacles.
(1) Commander.
(a) Ensure a risk assessment analysis has been established to determine the tree
landing risk level for jumpers. If a high risk exists, select (if possible) an alternate DZ
that allows mission conduct at a lower risk level.
(b) Ensure a follow-on assessment has been made to determine whether the jumpers’
risk level has changed.
(c) Ensure that key leaders, jumpmasters, and jumpers have been informed of the tree
obstacle risks and the risk level (high, medium, or low).
(d) Ensure USAF Form 3823, DZ Survey (formerly MAC Form 339), is current and
available. Ensure the DZSO/DZSTL and JM have read it and completely understand the
tree landing risk level and the recovery measures to be used.
(e) If a recovery detail is used, ensure DZSO/DZSTL and the unit providing the detail
have properly conducted initial or refresher training. Ensure the OIC/NCOIC of the
recovery detail knows where and when the detail begins its duties and how to contact the
DZSO/DZSTL.
(f) Ensure that the DZSO/DZSTL, JM/AJM, and jumpers have been informed of all
tree obstacle risks and that the DZSO/DZSTL and JM complete their duties.
D-5
FM 3-21.220/MCWP 3-15.7/AFMAN11-420/NAVSEA SS400-AF-MMO-010
(2) DZSO/DZSTL.
(a) Determine if a follow-on assessment of the DZ has been conducted to confirm the
current status.
(b) If the risk assessment indicates high risk and a recovery detail is used, ensure that
the OIC/NCOIC is fully briefed on the plan. Ensure all recovery personnel have been
trained and have all necessary equipment available to conduct the mission.
(c) Read all applicable regulations, FMs, and SOPs; ensure copies are present
throughout mission.
(3) Jumpmaster.
(a) Ensure all personnel have been briefed on the tree obstacles.
(b) Ensure all personnel have received prejump training within 24 hours prior to drop
time, with special emphasis on unintentional tree landings.
c. Tree Obstacle Coverage. Each tree obstacle may require a different type of
coverage. The following is an example composition of a recovery detail. Equipment
should be altered to best accomplish the mission.
(1) OIC/NCOIC and assistant.
(2) Enough personnel to recover jumpers who may become entangled in the
tree obstacles.
(3) A recovery team may need the following equipment:
• Radios with spare batteries - 2 (1 for OIC/NCOIC and 1 for recovery team).
• Grappling hook—1.
• Tree-climbing kit—1.
• Long backboard to facilitate CPR—1.
• Aid bag with resuscitation equipment—1.
• Ropes, 120 feet long—2.
• Wood poles 15 feet long—2.
• Wood extension ladder 20 feet long—1.
• Snap links—4.
(4) For night recovery operations, the following equipment should be added:
• Night vision devices (with spare batteries) for each team.
• Operational flashlights (with spare batteries) for each team.
d. Optional Training. Optional training includes suspended harness training on the
second through fifth points of performance. Step-by-step training on the procedures
jumpers will take for unintentional tree landings may be conducted.
D-4. DROP ZONE RISK ASSESSMENT DECISION MATRIX AND LEADER’S
CHECKLISTS
Following are Table D-1, drop zone risk assessment decision matrix, and Figures D-1
through D-3 (pages D-7 through D-8), leaders’ checklists.
D-6
FM 3-21.220/MCWP 3-15.7/AFMAN11-420/NAVSEA SS400-AF-MMO-010
HIGH RISK
MEDIUM RISK
LOW RISK
WATER
Within 1,000 meters of
More than 1,000 meters
More than 1,500 meters
any edge of DZ, more
but less than 1,500
from any edge of DZ,
than 4 feet deep, and
meters from any edge
more than 4 feet deep,
more than 40 feet wide.
of DZ, more than 4 feet
and more than 40 feet
deep, and more than 40
wide.
feet wide.
WIRE
Within 1,000 meters of
More than 1,000 meters
More than 1,500 meters
any edge of DZ.
but less than 1,500
from any edge of DZ.
meters from any edge
of DZ.
TREE OR
Within 1,000 meters of
Within 1,000 meters of
Within 1,000 meters of
TREES
any edge of DZ and 35
any edge of DZ.
any edge of DZ, but
feet tall or taller.
less than 20 feet tall.
OBSTACLE
Required.
Recommended, but at
Not required.
TRAINING AND
commander’s
EQUIPMENT
discretion.
Table D-1. Drop zone risk assessment decision matrix.
COMMANDER
_____ Risk assessment and follow-on assessment have been conducted.
_____ Key leaders, jumpmasters, and jumpers have been informed of water obstacle risks and
the risk level (high, medium, or low).
_____ USAF Form 3823, DZ Survey (formerly MAC Form 339), is current and available; the
DZSO/DZSTL and JM have read it and completely understand the unintentional water
landing risk level and the safety measures that are to be used.
_____ The DZSO/DZSTL and OIC/NCOIC of the boat detail have been briefed and understand
their mission.
_____ B-5/B-7 life preservers are coordinated for if used.
_____ The DZSO/DZSTL, JM/AJM, safeties, and jumpers have been informed of all water
obstacle risks.
_____ The DZSTL/DZSO and JM have completed their duties.
DZSO/DZSTL
_____ Risk assessment analysis has been conducted.
_____ If a boat detail is used, the OIC/NCOIC of the boat detail is fully briefed on the plan.
_____ All personnel have been trained and have all necessary equipment available to conduct
the mission.
_____ All applicable regulations, FMs, and SOPs have been read.
_____ The boat detail maintains communications throughout the mission. Communications are
established 1 hour prior to drop time and checked 15 minutes prior to drop time.
JUMPMASTER
_____ All personnel have been briefed on the water obstacles.
_____ B-5/B-7 life preservers have been inspected within the last 180 days and are serviceable.
_____ All jumpers have been trained on wear, fit, and use (to include manual inflation) of life
preservers.
_____ All personnel receive prejump training within 24 hours of drop time, with special emphasis
on unintentional water landings.
Figure D-1. Leader’s checklist for possible water landings.
D-7
FM 3-21.220/MCWP 3-15.7/AFMAN11-420/NAVSEA SS400-AF-MMO-010
COMMANDER
_____ Risk assessment and follow-on assessment analysis have been conducted.
_____ Key leaders, jumpmasters, and jumpers are informed of wire obstacle risks and the risk
level (high, medium, or low).
_____ USAF Form 3823, DZ Survey (formerly MAC Form 339), is current and available. The
DZSO/DZSTL and JM have read it and completely understand the wire landing risk level and the
safety measures that are to be used.
_____ The DZSO/DZSTL and the OIC/NCOIC of the recovery detail are briefed and understand
their mission.
_____ The DZSO/DZSTL, JM/AJM, safeties, and jumpers are informed of all wire obstacle risks.
_____ DZSTL/DZSO/JM complete their duties.
DZSO/DZSTL
_____ Risk assessment analysis has been conducted.
_____ If a recovery detail is used, the OIC/NCOIC of the recovery detail is fully briefed on
the plan.
_____ All personnel have been trained and have all necessary equipment available to conduct
the mission.
_____ All applicable regulations, FMs, and SOPs have been read.
_____ The recovery detail maintains communications throughout the mission. Communications
are established 1 hour prior to drop time and checked 15 minutes prior to drop time.
JUMPMASTER
_____ All personnel have been briefed on the wire obstacles.
_____ All personnel have received prejump training within 24 hours of drop time with special
emphasis on wire landings.
Figure D-2. Leader’s checklist for possible wire landings.
COMMANDER
_____ Risk assessment and follow-on assessment analysis have been conducted.
_____ Key leaders, jumpmasters, and jumpers are informed of tree obstacle risks and the risk
level (high, medium, or low).
_____ USAF Form 3823, DZ Survey (formerly MAC Form 339), is current and available. The
DZSO/DZSTL and JM have read it and completely understand the tree landing risk level
and the safety measures that are to be used.
_____ The DZSO/DZSTL and the OIC/NCOIC of the recovery detail are briefed and understand
their mission.
_____ The DZSO/DZSTL, JM/AJM, safeties, and jumpers are informed of all tree obstacle risks.
_____ The DZSTL/DZSO and JM have completed their duties.
DZSO/DZSTL
_____ Risk assessment analysis has been conducted.
_____ If a recovery detail is used, the recovery detail OIC/NCOIC is fully briefed on the plan.
_____ All personnel have been trained and have all necessary equipment available to conduct
the mission.
_____ All applicable regulations, FMs, and SOPs have been read.
_____ The recovery detail maintains communications throughout the mission. Communications
are established 1 hour prior to drop time and checked 15 minutes prior to drop time.
JUMPMASTER
_____ All personnel have been briefed on the wire obstacles.
_____ All personnel receive prejump training within 24 hours of drop time, with special emphasis
on unintentional tree landings.
Figure D-3. Leader’s checklist for possible tree landings.
D-8
FM 3-21.220(FM 57-220)/MCWP 3-15.7/AFMAN11-420/NAVSEA SS400-AF-MMO-010
GLOSSARY
ADEPT
alternate door exit procedure for training
ADP
airdrop personnel
ADZSO
assistant drop zone safety officer
AF
Air Force
AFCCT
Air Force combat control team
AFJMAN
Air Force joint manual
AFR
Air Force regulation
AGL
above ground level
AJM
assistant jumpmaster
AIRPAC
all-purpose weapons and equipment container system
ALICE
all-purpose, lightweight, individual carrying equipment
AMC
Air Mobility Command
AMCR
Air Mobility Command regulation
ANGLICO
air and naval gunfire liaison company
APFT
Army Physical Fitness Test
AR
Army regulation
ARS
automatic release system
ASOP
airborne standing operating procedure
ASP
ammunition supply point
ATC
air traffic control
AWADS
adverse weather aerial delivery system
AZAR
assault zone availability report
BCU
battery coolant unit
CARP
computed air release point
CCP
circulation control point
CCT
combat control team
CDS
container delivery system
CFM
cubic feet per minute
CO
commissioned officer
CO2
carbon dioxide (gas)
COMALF
commander of the airlift forces
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
CWIE
container, weapon, individual equipment
DA
Department of the Army
DACO
departure airfield control officer
DC
District of Columbia
DMJP
Dragon missile jump pack
DOD
Department of Defense
DTG
date-time group
DZ
drop zone
DZSO
drop zone safety officer
Glossary-1
FM 3-21.220/MCWP 3-15.7/AFMAN11-420/NAVSEA SS400-AF-MMO-010
DZST
drop zone support team
DZSTL
drop zone support team leader
ETLBV
enhanced tactical load-bearing vest
FHT
field handling trainer
FLA
front line ambulance
FM
field manual
FPLIF
field pack, large, internal frame
FS
fuselage station
GLO
ground liaison officer
GMRS
ground marking release system
GTA
ground-to-air
GUC
ground unit commander
HAHO
high-altitude, high-opening
HALO
high-altitude, low-opening
HD
heavy drop
HE
heavy equipment; high explosive
HEAT
high-explosive antitank
HPT
hook-pile tape
HQ
headquarters
hrs
hours
HSPR
harness, single-point release
IAS
indicated airspeed
IAW
in accordance with
ICS
intercommunication system
IFF
identification, friend or foe
IMC
instrument meteorological conditions
intercomm
intercommunication (radio)
JA/ATT
Joint Airborne/Air Transportability Training
JACRS
code letters used on CARP drop zones
JM
jumpmaster
JMPI
jumpmaster personnel inspection
JPI
joint preflight inspection
JSJR
jumpmaster spotted, jumpmaster released
JTF
joint task force
KT
knot
LAPES
low-altitude parachute extraction system
LAW
light antitank weapon
lb
pound
Glossary-2
FM 3-21.220/MCWP 3-15.7/AFMAN11-420/NAVSEA SS400-AF-MMO-010
LCE
load-carrying equipment
LDA
lateral drift apparatus (training apparatus)
MAC
Military Airlift Command
MACOM
major Army command
MCWP
Marine Corps Warfighting Publication
METT-T
mission, enemy, terrain, troops and time available
MEW
mean effective wind
MFF
military free fall
MG
machine gun
MIRPS
modified improved reserve parachute system
MO
malfunction officer
MOD
modified
mph
miles per hour
MSL
mean sea level
MTT
mobile training team
MTOE
modified table of organization and equipment
NAVAIDS
navigational aids
NCO
noncommissioned officer
NET
not earlier than
NLT
not later than
No.
number
NOPO
nonporous
NVIS
night vision imaging systems
OD
olive drab
OIC
officer in charge
OPCON
operational control (the authority delegated to direct those personnel
needed to accomplish a specific mission)
PASGT
personnel armor system, ground troops
PE
personnel
PI
point of impact
PIBAL
pilot balloon
PIE/R2
parachutist's individual equipment rapid release
PIL
parachutist's impact liner
PIR
Parachute Infantry Regiment
PLD
personnel lowering device
PLF
parachute landing fall
port
left side of aircraft (direction of flight)
PP
parachute personnel
PRB
parachute recovery bag
RAAWS
ranger antiarmor/antipersonnel weapon system
RAM
raised angle marker
Glossary-3
FM 3-21.220/MCWP 3-15.7/AFMAN11-420/NAVSEA SS400-AF-MMO-010
reps
repetitions
RMP
reprogrammable microprocessor
RP
release point
SAW
squad automatic weapon
SCUBA
self-contained underwater breathing apparatus
SFQC
Special Forces Qualification Course
SH
suspended harness (training apparatus); student handbook
SKE
station-keeping equipment
SLT
swing landing trainer (training apparatus)
SMJP
Stinger missile jump pack
SOF
special operations force
SOLL
special operations low level
SOWT
special operations weather team
SOI
signal operation instructions
SOP
standing operating procedure
SSN
social security number
STABO
a system for extracting personnel by helicopter (combined first letters
of the surnames of the five tactical airdrop personnel who designed the
system)
starboard
right side of aircraft (direction of flight)
station time
time the aircraft is to be loaded and prepared for flight (normally, 35
minutes prior to takeoff)
STT
special tactics team
TACSAT
tactical satellite
TALCE
tanker/airlift control element
TAP
tactical airdrop personnel
TC
training circular
TDA
table of distribution and allowances
TM
technical manual
TO
technical order (USAF)
TOE
table of organization and equipment
TOT
time on target
TP
training practice
TTB
tactical training bundle
US
United States
USA
United States Army
USAF
United States Air Force
USAIS
United States Army Infantry School
USASOC
United States Army Special Operations Command
USMC
United States Marine Corps
Glossary-4
FM 3-21.220/MCWP 3-15.7/AFMAN11-420/NAVSEA SS400-AF-MMO-010
VIRS
verbally initiated release system
VMC
visual meteorological conditions
VS
visual signal
WDZ
water drop zone
WDZSO
water drop zone safety officer
WDZSTL
water drop zone support team leader
WO
warrant officer
WSVC
wind streamer vector count
Glossary-5
FM 3-21.220(FM 57-220)/MCWP 3-15.7/AFMAN11-420/NAVSEA SS400-AF-MMO-010
REFERENCES
Documents Needed
None required.
Readings Recommended
These readings contain relevant supplemental information.
AF Form 3823
Drop Zone Survey. February 1994.
AFI Reg 13-217
Assault Zone Procedures, 1 June 1999.
AR 59-4/AFJI 13-310/
Joint
Airdrop Inspection
Records,
Malfunction
OPNAVINST 4630.24C/
Investigations and Activity Reporting. 1 May 1998.
MCO 13480.1B
AR 350-1
Army Training. 1 August 1981, with Change 1, 1 August
1983.
AR 350-2
Opposing Force Program. 15 June 1983.
DA Pam 351-4
U.S. Army Formal Schools Catalog. 31 October 1995.
DA Form 1306
Statement of Jump and Loading Manifest. May 1963.
DD Form 1574
Serviceable Tag - Materiel. October 1966.
DD Form 1748-2
Joint Airdrop Malfunction Report
(Personnel-Cargo).
November 1997.
FM 10-500-2/TO 13C7-1-5
Airdrop of Supplies and Equipment: Rigging Airdrop
Platforms. 1 November 1990, with Change 1, 14 December
1992, and Change 2, 23 December 1996.
FM 10-500-3/TO 13C7-1-11 Airdrop of Supplies and Equipment: Rigging Containers.
8 December 1992, with Change 1, 26 September 1996.
FM 10-550/TO 13C7-22-71 Airdrop of Supplies and Equipment: Rigging Stinger
Weapon System and Missiles.
29 May
1984, with
Changes 1-3, 14 February 1989 - 28 June 1996.
References-1
FM 3-21.220/MCWP 3-15.7/AFMAN11-420/NAVSEA SS400-AF-MMO-010
FM 10-542
Airdrop of Supplies and Equipment: Rigging Loads for
Special Operations. 07 October 1987.
FM 21-20
Physical Fitness Training.
30 September
1992, with
Change 1, 1 October 1998.
FM 3-21.32(FM 57-38)
Pathfinder Operations. 1 October 2002.
FM 31-19/MCWP 3-15.6
Military Free-Fall Parachuting Tactics, Techniques, and
AFI 11-411(I)/
Procedures. 1 October 1999.
NAVSEA
SS400-AG-MMO-010
FM 31-71
Northern Operations. 21 June 1971.
FM 100-27/AFM 2-50
US Army/US Air Force Doctrine for Joint Airborne and
Tactical Airlift Operations. 31 January 1985, with Change
1, 29 March 1985.
MAC Form 168
Airdrop/Airland Extraction Zone Control Log. 1 December
1992.
MAC Form 339
Drop Zone Survey. February 1989 (obsolete but still in use;
replaced by AF Form 3823).
TC 31-24
Special Forces Air Operations. 9 September 1988.
TC 31-25
Special Forces Waterborne Operations. 3 October 1988.
TM 1-1520-237-10
Operator's Manual for UH-60A, UH-60L Helicopters, and
EH-60A Helicopters. 31 October 1996, with Changes 1-6,
30 June 1997 - 3 April 2000.
TM 9-1425-429-12
Operator's and Organizational Maintenance Manual for
Stinger Guided Missile System Consisting of Weapon
Round Basic, Round Post, Weapon Round RMP, Trainer
Handling Guided Missile Launcher M60, Interrogator Set
AN/PPX-3A/3B,
Interrogator
Set
Programmer
AN/GSX-1/1A. 21 April 1992, with Change 1, 30 October
1992.
TM 10-1670-201-23/
Organizational and Direct Support Maintenance Manual for
TO 13C-1-41/
General Maintenance of Parachutes and Other Airdrop
NAVAIR 13-1-17
Equipment.
30 October
1973, with Changes
1-7,
7 March 1974 - 17 May 1990.
References-2
FM 3-21.220/MCWP 3-15.7/AFMAN11-420/NAVSEA SS400-AF-MMO-010
TM 10-1670-251-12&P
Operator
and Unit Maintenance Manual for
Personnel/Cargo Lowering Device
500-lb Capacity.
11 June 1991, with Change 1, 30 June 1994.
TM 10-1670-262-12&P
Operator and Unit Maintenance Manual Including Repair
Parts
and
Special
Tools
List
Personnel
Insertion/Extractions Systems for STABO, Fast Rope
Insertion/Extraction System, and Anchoring Device.
25 September 1992, with Change 1, 24 November 1993,
and Change 2, 30 June 1994.
TM 10-1670-298-20&P
Unit Maintenance Manual Including Repair Parts and
Special Tools List for Container Delivery System A-7A
Cargo Sling; A-21 Aerial Deliver Cargo Bag; A-22 Aerial
Delivery Cargo Bag; A-23 Aerial Delivery Cargo Bag;
Capsule, Cargo, CTU-2/A; Strap Connector,
60 Inches
Long; Strap Connector, 120 Inches Long. 15 September
1995.
TM 38-250/
Preparing Hazardous Materials for Military Air Shipments
AFJMAN 24-204/
1 March 1997.
NAVSUP PUB 505/
MCO P4030.29G/
DLAI 4145.3
US Army Special
Training, Airborne Operations Manual. 1 June 1995.
Operations Command
Regulation 350-2
INTERNET WEB SITES
U.S. Army Publishing Agency
Army Doctrine and Training Digital Library
References-3
FM 3-21.220(FM 57-220)/MCWP 3-15.7/AFMAN11-420/NAVSEA SS400-AF-MMO-010
INDEX
34-foot tower, 4-14 (illus)
arctic rigging, 13-1 through 13-12
advanced training objective, 4-17
HPT lowering line, 13-6
basic training objective, 4-15
modifications, 13-1
safety, 4-15
arctic canteen, 13-2
training, 4-15
mittens, 13-1
personnel and equipment
reserve parachute, 13-1
requirements, 4-15, 4-16 (illus)
waistband, 13-1, 13-2 (illus)
detail, 4-15
skis and ALICE pack, 13-11 (illus)
base safety officers/NCOs, 4-16
skis and rifle, 13-10 (illus)
moundmen, 4-15
snowshoes, 13-2
mound safety officers/NCOs, 4-15
with M1950 weapons case, 13-4
riser safeties, 4-16
(illus)
rope line safeties/relays, 4-16
with weapon, 13-3 (illus), 13-4
ropeman safeties, 4-16
(illus)
ropemen, 4-15
without weapon, 13-2, 13-3 (illus)
instructors, 4-15
AT4 jump pack, 12-46 through 12-55
components, 12-46, 12-47 (illus)
A-series containers, 14-1 through 14-4
rigged, 12-47 through 12-50
A-7A cargo sling, 14-1 through 14-3
AWADS, (see Adverse Weather Aerial
A-21 cargo bag, 14-1, 14-3
Delivery System)
Adverse Weather Aerial Delivery
System (AWADS), 24-1
braking, 3-4
AF Form 3823, Drop Zone Survey,
bundle delivery system, 27-1
22-13, 22-16 (illus)
airborne training, 1-1
C-5 A/B/C Galaxy
phases, 1-1
in-flight rigging, 16-20
ground and tower, 1-1
jump commands, 16-23
jump, 1-3
jumpmaster checklist, 16-25
prejump orientations, 1-4
jump procedures, 16-23
standards, 1-1
movement, 16-22
APFT, 1-2 (table)
for in-flight rigging, 16-22
Airdrop/Airland/ Extraction Zone
left stick, 16-22
Control Log, MAC Form 168, 22-10,
right stick, 16-22
22-11 (illus)
personnel and equipment
AIRPAC, 12-55 through 12-58
configuration, 16-21
attached to parachutist, 12-58
equipment, 16-21
components, 12-55
seating, 16-21
rigging, 12-56 through 12-58
preflight inspection, 16-20
ALICE pack, 12-9
coordination, 16-20
attaching, 12-10 (illus)
exterior, 16-20
to parachutist, 12-14 (illus)
interior, 16-20
medium and large, 12-9
parachute, 16-21
releasing, 12-11
stowage, 16-21
rigging, 12-9, 12-12 (illus)
supervisory personnel, 16-20
Index-1
FM 3-21.220/MCWP 3-15.7/AFMAN11-420/NAVSEA SS400-AF-MMO-010
safety, 16-24
safety, 19-13, 19-14
seating configuration, 16-20
seating configuration, 19-11
time warnings, 16-24
anchor line cables, 19-12
C-7A Caribou, 19-2 (illus)
stick configuration, 19-11
anchor line cable assemblies, 19-3
supervisory personnel, 19-12
door jumping, 19-4 (illus)
time warnings, 19-14
jump commands, 19-3
C-46 Commando/C-47 Skytrain, 19-17
ramp jumping, 19-3, 19-4 (illus)
jump commands, 19-17
seating configuration, 19-2
safety, 19-18
supervisory personnel, 19-3
seating configurations, 19-17
safety, 19-5
C-130 Hercules, 16-1 (illus) through
C-17A Globemaster III, 16-27 through
16-12
16-34
combat concentrated, 16-8
buddy rigging, 16-31
loading procedures, 16-8
door check procedures, 16-29
jump procedures, 16-9
equipment stowage, 16-31
jumpmaster checklist, 16-10 through
in-flight rigging, 16-31
16-12
jump commands, 16-28
safety procedures, 16-9
jumpmaster inspection, 16-32
seating arrangement, 16-8, 16-9
parachute issue, 16-31
(illus)
safety, 16-30
supervisory personnel, 16-8
seating configuration, 16-27
inflight rigging, 16-3
supervisory personnel, 16-27, 16-31
briefing, 16-3
time warnings, 16-27
buddy rigging, 16-4
towed jumper, 16-33
configuration, 16-3 (illus)
C-23B/B+ Sherpa, 19-6 (illus)
personnel, 16-3
anchor line cable assemblies, 19-7
station rigging, 16-4
cargo operations, 19-10
storage, 16-4
drop procedures, 19-6
over-the-ramp operations, 16-4
inspection, 19-7
configuration, 16-6 (illus)
jump commands, 19-8
equipment drop, 16-5
loading, 19-8
jump commands, 16-6
cold, 19-8
jump procedures, 16-7 (illus)
hot, 19-8
seating configuration, 16-2 (illus)
preparation, 19-7
jump commands, 16-2
seating configuration, 19-6, 19-7
peacetime training, 16-2
(illus)
supervisory personnel, 16-2
static line retrieval system, 19-7
C-212 (Casa 212), 19-22 (illus)
supervisory personnel, 19-7
anchor line cable assembly, 19-23
time warnings, 19-9
jump commands, 19-23
C-27A (Aeritalia G-222), 19-11
jumpmaster checklist, 19-25
jump commands, 19-12
safety, 19-24
modification, 19-12
seating configuration, 19-22, 19-23
jumpmaster checklist, 19-15
(illus)
over-the-ramp operations, 19-13
supervisory personnel, 19-23
preflight inspeciton, 19-13
towed parachutist, 19-24
Index-2
FM 3-21.220/MCWP 3-15.7/AFMAN11-420/NAVSEA SS400-AF-MMO-010
canopy manipulation, 3-4
jump commands, 18-13
crabbing, 3-3, 3-4
jump procedures, 18-13
holding, 3-3, 3-4
preparation, 18-12, 18-13 (illus)
running, 3-3, 3-4
safety, 18-14
turning, 3-4
seating configuration, 18-13
braking, 3-4
collisions, 3-4, 8-7
CARP (see computed air release point)
combat airborne operations, 28-1
CH-46 Sea Knight (USMC), 18-4, 18-5
computed air release point (CARP),
(illus)
20-5, 22-1, 22-2 (illus)
inspection, 18-6, 18-7 (illus), 18-8
container, weapon, individual equipment
(illus)
(CWIE), 12-27
jump commands, 18-8 through 18-11
attached to parachutist, 12-29
door jump, 18-8 through 18-10
closing, 12-28
(illus)
harness assembly, 12-28
ramp jump, 18-10, 18-11 (illus)
packing, 12-28
jump procedures, 18-8
released, 12-29
loading techniques, 18-8
crabbing, 3-3
preparation, 18-5
CWIE (see container, weapon,
door jump, 18-5
individual equipment)
ramp jump, 18-5
safety, 18-11
DACO (see departure airfield control
CH-47 Chinook, 17-19 through 17-22
officer)
inspection, 17-20
DC-3 (contract aircraft/civilian
jump commands, 17-20
Skytrain), 19-20
jump procedures, 17-20
jump commands, 19-20
preparation, 17-19 (illus)
safety, 19-21
safety, 17-21, 17-22 (illus)
seating configuration, 19-20
seating configuration, 17-20 (illus)
departure airfield control officer, 11-1,
CH-53 Sea Stallion (USMC), 18-1 (illus)
7-2
inspection, 18-2 (illus)
DMJP (see Dragon missile jump pack)
jump commands, 18-3
Dragon missile jump pack, 12-30 (illus)
jump procedures, 18-3
through 12-46
loading techniques, 18-3
attached to parachutist, 12-38, 12-39
preparation, 18-1
(illus), 12-44 (illus)
safety, 18-4
jump procedures, 12-40
seating configuration, 18-3 (illus)
missile and tracker, 12-31
canopy, 3-1
rigged, 12-31 through 12-38
control, 3-1
drop zone malfunctions officer, 23-1
manipulation, 3-4
duties, 23-2
MC1-series, 3-1
equipment, 23-1
T-10-series, 3-1
qualifications, 23-1
twists, 3-2
reporting data, 23-3
responsibilities, 23-3
CH/HH-3 Jolly Green Giant, 18-11,
drop zone procedures, 20-1 through
18-12 (illus)
20-11
inspection, 18-13
drop altitudes, 20-2 (table)
Index-3
FM 3-21.220/MCWP 3-15.7/AFMAN11-420/NAVSEA SS400-AF-MMO-010
briefing checklist, 20-10
option 1, 26-1
type load, 20-2
option 2, 26-1
approach and departure routes,
mass, 26-2
20-3
obstacles, 20-2
field pack, large, internal frame, 12-70
drop speeds, 20-1 (table)
through 12-74
equipment, 20-11
attached to jumper, 12-73 (illus)
establishment and operation, 22-1
rigging, 12-70
through 22-17
with patrol pack, 12-71, 12-72 (illus)
formulas, 21-1
FPLIF (see field pack, large, internal
D = KAV, 21-4
frame)
distance, 21-1
time, 21-2
GMRS (see ground marking release
forward throw, 21-6, 21-8
system)
markings, 22-2
ground marking release system, 20-5,
methods of delivery, 20-3
22-3, 22-4 (illus)
high velocity, 20-3
low velocity, 20-3
H-harness, 12-4 (illus)
free drop, 20-3
harness, single point release, 12-5 (illus)
safety officer duties, 20-5
helmet, 2-19 through 2-28
size, 20-3
advanced combat (ACH), 2-21 (illus)
support team leader duties, 20-9
through 2-28
surveys, 22-13
assembly, 2-22 (illus)
contingency/wartime operations,
fitting, 2-23 through 2-26 (illus)
22-13
sizing and fitting guidelines, 2-26
tactical assessment, 22-13
through 2-28 (illus)
wind drift, 21-3 (illus), 21-8
ballistic, 2-19 through 2-21
wind velocity, 21-4
camouflage cover, 2-20 (illus)
drop zone safety officer, 7-2
donning, 2-21
drop zone support team leader, 7-2
modifications, 2-19, 2-20 (illus)
Drop Zone Survey, AF Form 3823,
high-performance aircraft, 15-1
22-13, 22-16 (illus)
C5 A/B/C Galaxy, 16-20 (see also C-5
Drop Zone Survey, MAC Form 339,
A/B/C Galaxy)
22-13, 22-14 (illus)
C-17A Globemaster III, 16-27 through
DZSO (see drop zone safety officer)
16-34 (see also C-17A Globemaster
DZSTL (see drop zone support team
III)
leader)
C-130 Hercules, 16-1 (illus) (see also
C-130 Hercules)
enhanced tactical load-bearing vest,
C-141 Starlifter, 16-12 (illus) (see also
12-18
C-141 Starlifter)
entanglements, 3-5, 8-7
holding, 3-3
ETLBV (see enhanced tactical load-
HSPR (see harness, single point release)
bearing vest)
exit procedures, 26-1
individual weapons case, M1950, 12-18
alternate door exit procedures for
attached to parachutist, 12-18
training (ADEPT), 26-1
M224, 60-mm mortar modified, 12-24
Index-4
FM 3-21.220/MCWP 3-15.7/AFMAN11-420/NAVSEA SS400-AF-MMO-010
SAW modified, 12-22
briefing, 8-2
secured to parachutist, 12-18
operations, 8-3
kit bag, 8-2
jump altitude, 15-1
minimum training, 8-4
high-elevation jumping, 15-3
prejump, 8-4
minimum, 15-1
sustained training, 8-4
parachute reliability, 15-2 (table)
in flight, 10-1 through 10-9
prejump training, 15-2
jump refusals, 10-7
risk assessment, 15-2 (table)
red light procedures, 10-7
jump commands, 5-1 through 5-9
time warnings, 10-2 through 10-5
CHECK EQUIPMENT, 5-5 (illus)
1-minute, 10-5
command, 5-6
10-minute, 10-3
jumper actions, 5-6
20-minute, 10-2
CHECK STATIC LINES, 5-5 (illus)
unsafe parachutist, 10-7
command, 5-5
jumper actions, 5-5
key personnel, 7-1 through 7-4
GET READY, 5-1 (illus)
prerequisites, 7-1
command, 5-1
DACO, DZSO, DZSTL, and MO,
jumper actions, 5-2
7-2
static line, 5-2
JM, AJM, and safety, 7-1
GO, 5-9
command, 5-9
landing, 3-5 through 3-10
jumper actions, 5-9
attitude, 3-5, 3-6 (illus)
HOOK UP, 5-4 (illus)
emergency, 8-8
command, 5-4
tree, 3-6 (illus), 8-8
jumper actions, 5-4
water, 3-8
INBOARD PERSONNEL, STAND
wire, 3-9 (illus), 8-8
UP, 5-3 (illus)
with life preserver, 3-8 (illus), 8-9
part one, 5-3
without life preserver, 3-8 (illus), 8-8
part two, 5-3
life preservers, 12-2 through 12-4
OUTBOARD PERSONNEL, STAND
B-5, 12-5
UP, 5-2 (illus)
B-7, 12-3
part one, 5-2
LPU-10/P, 12-3
part two, 5-2
load bearing equipment, 12-17
SOUND OFF FOR EQUIPMENT
load placement, 12-1, 12-2 (table)
CHECK, 5-6, 5-7 (illus)
considerations, 12-2
command, 5-6
distribution, 12-1
jumper actions, 5-7
lowering line, 12-6, 12-11 (illus)
STAND BY, 5-7, 5-8 (illus)
adapter web, 12-7, 12-8 (illus)
command, 5-7
attached to CWIE, 12-29 (illus)
jumper actions, 5-8
attached to DMJP, 12-37 (illus)
jumpmaster duties, 8-1, 9-1, 10-1
HPT, 12-6 (illus), 13-6
at departure airfield, 9-1 through 9-25
modified, 12-6
briefing, 9-1
JMPI, 9-3 through 9-24
M16 rifle, 12-19
at unit area, 8-1 through 8-15
exposed, 12-19 (illus), 12-20 (illus)
Index-5
FM 3-21.220/MCWP 3-15.7/AFMAN11-420/NAVSEA SS400-AF-MMO-010
packed, 12-21
terms, 4-9
M60 machine gun, 12-21
anchor line cable, 4-9
packed assembled, 12-21
bight, 4-10 (illus)
packed disassembled, 12-22
body position, 4-11
M202A1 rocket pack, 12-27
drop zone, 4-9
M203 grenade launcher, 12-20
jump commands, 4-11
exposed, 12-20
left and right door, 4-9
packed, 12-21
shuffle position, 4-9, 4-10 (illus)
M224, 60-mm mortar, 12-24 (illus)
stick of parachutists, 4-9
components, 12-24
training, 4-9
rigging, 12-25 (illus)
M249 squad automatic weapon, 12-22
nonstandard aircraft, 19-1 through 19-26
M1950 individual weapons case, 12-18
C-7A Caribou, 19-2 (illus) (see also
MAC Form 168, Airdrop/Airland/
C-7A Caribou)
Extraction Zone Control Log, 22-10,
C-23B/B+ Sherpa, 19-6 (illus) (see
22-11 (illus)
also C-23B/B+ Sherpa)
MAC Form 339, Drop Zone Survey,
C-27A (Aeritalia G-222), 19-11 (see
22-13, 22-14 (illus)
also C-27A [Aeritalia G-222])
malfunctions, 6-1 through 6-3
C-46 Commando/C-47 Skytrain, 19-17
partial, 6-3, 8-6
(see also C-46 Commando/C-47
blown section or gore, 6-3
Skytrain)
broken suspension lines, 6-3
C-212 (CASA 212), 19-22 (illus) (see
complete inversion, 6-3
also C-212 [CASA 212])
semi-inversion, 6-3
DC-3 (contract aircraft/civilian
total, 6-2, 8-6
skytrain), 19-20 (see also DC-3
causes, 6-2
[contract aircraft/civilian skytrain])
streamer, 6-2
modifications, 19-1
towed jumper, 6-2
methods of recovery, 4-17 through 4-19
other service aircraft, 18-1 through
cable loop release, 4-19 (illus)
18-14
canopy release assemblies, 4-18
CH-46 Sea Knight (USMC), 18-4,
activation, 4-19 (illus)
18-5 (illus), (see also CH-46 Sea
jump refresher training, 4-19
Knight)
personnel and equipment
CH-53 Sea Stallion (USMC), 18-1
requirements, 4-17
(illus) (see also CH-53 Sea Stallion)
training apparatus, 4-18 (illus)
CH/HH-3 Jolly Green Giant (USAF),
training objectives, 4-17
18-11, 18-12 (illus) (see also
MIRPS (see modified improved reserve
CH/HH-3 Jolly Green Giant)
parachute system)
mock door apparatus, 4-8 (illus)
parachute landing fall devices, 4-1
advanced phase, 4-12
through 4-8
execution, 4-12
2-foot high platform, 4-1, 4-3
personnel, 4-12
instructor criteria, 4-1
basic phase, 4-9
lateral drift apparatus, 4-1, 4-4 (illus)
personnel and equipment
PLF sequence, 4-1, 4-2 (illus)
requirements, 4-9
safety considerations, 4-8
Index-6
FM 3-21.220/MCWP 3-15.7/AFMAN11-420/NAVSEA SS400-AF-MMO-010
swing landing trainer, 4-1, 4-4, 4-5
inside aircraft, 8-9
(illus)
pull-drop method, 6-1
instructor duties, 4-7
modified improved reserve parachute
personnel and requirements, 4-5, 4-6
system, 2-1, 2-9, 2-19
(illus)
bridle line assembly, 2-9
personnel duties, 4-7
canopy assembly, 2-10
holdman, 4-7
deployment assistance devices, 2-10
ropeman, 4-7
pack tray, 2-10, 2-11 (illus), 2-12
stationary ropeman, 4-7
(illus)
unhookman, 4-7
pilot parachute assembly, 2-9
training, 4-6
rip cord assembly, 2-12
parachutes, 2-1 through 2-19
T-10 troop chest reserve, 2-1, 2-19
donning, 2-17
canopy assembly, 2-13
troop parachute harness, 2-17, 2-18
pack tray, 2-13
(illus)
pilot parachute assembly, 2-12
harness assembly, 2-1, 2-2 (illus)
rip cord assembly, 2-13
adjustment points, 2-1
rotary-wing aircraft, 17-1 through 17-22
components, 2-1
CH-47 Chinook, 17-19 (illus) (see also
landing fall, 3-10 (see also parachute
CH-47 Chinook)
landing fall devices)
UH-1H Iroguois/UH-1N Huey, 17-3
front PLF, 3-10
(illus) (see also UH-1H
rear PLF, 3-11
Iroguois/UH/1N Huey)
side PLF, 3-10
UH-60A Black Hawk, 17-7, 17-8
riser assembly, 2-2
(illus), (see also UH-60A Black
MC1-series, 2-1
Hawk)
T-10-series, 2-1
running, 3-3
parachutist ankle brace, 2-28 through
2-30
slips, 3-2
doffing, 2-30
execution, 3-3
donning, 2-29
types of, 3-3
inspecting, 2-29
use of, 3-2
obtaining, 2-28
SMJP (see Stinger missile jump pack)
protective mask carrier, 12-16, 12-17
stealing air, 3-5
(illus)
Stinger missile jump pack, 12-59
through 12-62
RAAWS (see ranger antiarmor/
attached to parachutist, 12-61
antipersonnel weapon system)
components, 12-59
ranger antiarmor/antipersonnel weapon
jump procedures, 12-62
system, 12-62 through 12-65
rigging,12-59 through 12-61
attached to parachutist, 12-65
suspended harness, 4-12 (illus)
components, 12-62
objectives, 4-13
rigging, 12-63 through 12-65
personnel and equipment
packed in AT4JP and DMJP, 12-62
requirements, 4-13
reserve parachute, 2-1
sequence of commands, 4-13
activation, 6-1, 8-6
down-and-away method, 6-1
tandem load, 12-11 (illus)
Index-7
FM 3-21.220/MCWP 3-15.7/AFMAN11-420/NAVSEA SS400-AF-MMO-010
attached to parachutist, 12-15 (illus)
prejump training, 25-8
released and lowered, 12-11, 12-16
recovery boats, 25-4
H-harness, 12-11
recovery procedures, 25-7
HSPR, 12-16
safe conditions, 25-6
towed parachutist, 8-10, 10-8
wind streamer vector count, 20-5, 21-3
(illus)
UH-1H Iroguois/UH-1N Huey, 17-3
WSVC (see wind streamer vector count)
(illus) through 17-7
anchor line systems, 17-4 (illus)
arctic operations, 17-7
jump commands, 17-6
loading techniques, 17-5
preparation, 17-3
safety, 17-7
seating configurations, 17-5, 17-6
(illus)
UH-60A Black Hawk, 17-7 through
17-18
inspection, 17-12 (illus)
jump commands, 17-16, 17-17 (illus)
jump procedures, 17-15
loading techniques, 17-12
modified anchor line system, 17-9,
17-10 (illus)
preparation, 17-8 (illus)
safety, 17-17
safety belt installation, 17-10, 17-11
(illus)
safety belt modifications, 17-18 (illus)
seating configurations, 17-12, 17-13
(illus), 17-14 (illus), 17-15 (illus)
verbally initiated release system, 20-5,
22-6, 22-7 (illus)
VIRS (see verbally initiated release
system)
water drop zone, 25-1
equipment, 25-2
landing with life preserver, 25-8
B-7 life preserver, 25-9, 25-10 (illus)
UDT life preserver, 25-10, 25-11
(illus)
procedures, 25-11
parachutist requirements, 25-2
personnel, 25-1
Index-8
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