FM 3-06 URBAN OPERATIONS (OCTOBER 2006) - page 8

 

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FM 3-06 URBAN OPERATIONS (OCTOBER 2006) - page 8

 

 

Glossary
defensive information operations
- The integration and coordination of policies and
procedures, operations, personnel, and technology to protect and defend information and
information systems. Defensive information operations ensure timely, accurate, and relevant
information access while denying adversaries the opportunity to exploit friendly information
and information systems for their own purposes. (FM 3-0)
defensive operations - Operations that defeat an enemy attack, buy time, economize forces, or
develop conditions favorable for offensive operations. Defensive operations alone normally
cannot achieve a decision. Their purpose is to create conditions for a counteroffensive that
allows Army forces to regain the initiative. (FM 3-0)
delay - A form of retrograde in which a force under pressure trades space for time by slowing
the enemy’s momentum and inflicting maximum damage on the enemy without, in principle,
becoming decisively engaged. (FM 3-90)
depth - The extension of operations in time, space, and resources. (FM 3-0)
destroy - 1. A tactical mission task that physically renders an enemy force combat-ineffective
until it is reconstituted. 2. To damage a combat system so badly that it cannot perform any
function or be restored to a usable condition without being entirely rebuilt. (FM 3-90)
direct action - Short-duration strikes and other small-scale offensive actions conducted as a
special operation in hostile, denied, or other politically sensitive environments and which
employ specialized military capabilities to seize, destroy, capture, exploit, recover, or damage
designated targets. Direct action differs from conventional offensive actions in the level of
physical and political risk, operational techniques, and the degree of discriminate and
precise use of force to achieve specific objectives. (JP 1-02)
direct approach - The application of combat power directly against the enemy center of
gravity or the enemy’s principal strength. (FM 3-90)
direct fire - Fire delivered on a target using the target itself as a point of aim for either the
weapon or the director. (JP 1-02)
disinformation - Information disseminated primarily by intelligence organizations or other
covert agencies designed to distort information or deceive or influence United States
decisionmakers, United States forces, coalition allies, key actors, or individuals via indirect
or unconventional means. (FM 3-13)
displaced person - (Army) A civilian who is involuntarily outside the national boundaries of
his or her country or as an internally displaced person is a civilian involuntarily outside his
area or region within his country. (FM 2-0)
display - (Army) An information management activity: to represent relevant information in a
usable, easily understood audio or visual form tailored to the needs of the user that conveys
the common operational picture for decisionmaking and exercising command and control
functions (FM 6-0)
disposition - 1. Distribution of the elements of a command within an area, usually the exact
location of each unit headquarters and the deployment of forces subordinate to it. (JP 1-02)
disrupt - 1. A tactical mission task in which a commander integrates direct and indirect fires,
terrain, and obstacles to upset an enemy’s formation or tempo, interrupt his timetable, or
cause his forces to commit prematurely or attack in piecemeal fashion. (FM 3-90) 2. An
engineer obstacle effect that focuses fire planning and obstacle effort to cause the enemy to
Glossary-10
FM 3-06
26 October 2006
Glossary
break up his formation and tempo, interrupt his timetable, commit breaching assets
prematurely, and attack in a piecemeal effort. (FM 90-7)
distribution system - That complex of facilities, installations, methods, and procedures
designed to receive, store, maintain, distribute, and control the flow of military materiel
between the point of receipt into the military system and the point of issue to using activities
and units. (JP 1-02)
doctrinal template - A model based on known or postulated adversary doctrine. Doctrinal
templates illustrate the disposition and activity of adversary forces and assets conducting a
particular operation unconstrained by the effects of the battlespace. They represent the
application of adversary doctrine under ideal conditions. Ideally, doctrinal templates depict
the threat’s normal organization for combat, frontages, depths, boundaries and other control
measures, assets available from other commands, objective depths, engagement areas, battle
positions, and so forth. Doctrinal templates are usually scaled to allow ready use with
geospatial products. (JP 1-02)
doctrine - Fundamental principles by which the military forces or elements thereof guide their
actions in support of national objectives. It is authoritative but requires judgment in
application. (JP 1-02)
economy - One of the eight characteristics of combat service support: providing the most
efficient support at the least cost to accomplish the mission. (FM 4-0)
economy of force - One of the nine principles of war: allocate minimum essential combat
power to secondary efforts. (FM 3-0)
effect - (Army) A result, outcome, or consequence of an action. (FMI 5-0.1)
electromagnetic deception - The deliberate radiation, re-radiation, alteration, suppression,
absorption, denial, enhancement, or reflection of electromagnetic energy in a manner
intended to convey misleading information to an enemy or enemy electromagnetic-dependent
weapons, thereby degrading or neutralizing the enemy’s combat capability. Among the types
of electromagnetic deception are: a. manipulative electromagnetic deception—Actions
to eliminate revealing, or convey misleading, electromagnetic telltale indicators that may be
used by hostile forces; b. simulative electromagnetic deception—Actions to simulate
friendly, notional, or actual capabilities to mislead hostile forces; c. imitative
electromagnetic deception—The introduction of electromagnetic energy into enemy
systems that imitates enemy emissions. (JP 1-02)
electromagnetic spectrum - The range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation from zero
to infinity. It is divided into 26 alphabetically designated bands. (JP 1-02)
electronic attack—That division of electronic warfare involving the use of electromagnetic
energy, directed energy, or antiradiation weapons to attack personnel, facilities, or
equipment with the intent of degrading, neutralizing, or destroying enemy combat capability
and is considered a form of fires. Electronic attack includes: 1. actions taken to prevent or
reduce an enemy’s effective use of the electromagnetic spectrum, such as jamming and
electromagnetic deception, and 2. employment of weapons that use either electromagnetic or
directed energy as their primary destructive mechanism (lasers, radio frequency weapons,
particle beams), or antiradiation weapons. (JP 1-02)
electronic warfare - Any military action involving the use of electromagnetic and directed
energy to control the electromagnetic spectrum or to attack the enemy. The three major
subdivisions within electronic warfare are: electronic attack, electronic protection, and
electronic warfare support. (JP 1-02)
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FM 3-06
Glossary-11
Glossary
electronic warfare support—That division of electronic warfare involving actions tasked by,
or under direct control of, an operational commander to search for, intercept, identify, and
locate or localize sources of intentional and unintentional radiated electromagnetic energy
for the purpose of immediate threat recognition, targeting, planning, and conduct of future
operations. Thus, electronic warfare support provides information required for immediate
decisions involving electronic warfare operations and other tactical actions such as threat
avoidance, targeting, and homing. Electronic warfare support data can be used to produce
signals intelligence, provide targeting for electronic or destructive attack, and produce
measurement and signature intelligence. (JP 1-02)
embarkation - The process of putting personnel and/or vehicles and their associated stores and
equipment into ships and/or aircraft. (JP 1-02)
encirclement - An operation where one force loses its freedom of maneuver because an
opposing force is able to isolate it by controlling all ground lines of communications. (FM 3-0)
end state - (Army) At the operational and tactical levels, the conditions that, when achieved,
accomplish the mission. At the operational level, these conditions attain the aims set for the
campaign or major operation. (FM 3-0)
engagement - A tactical conflict, usually between opposing lower echelon maneuver forces. (JP
1-02)
envelopment - (Army) - A form of maneuver in which an attacking force seeks to avoid the
principal enemy defenses by seizing objectives to the enemy rear to destroy the enemy in his
current positions. At the tactical level, envelopments focus on seizing terrain, destroying
specific enemy forces, and interdicting enemy withdrawal routes. (FM 3-0).
essential elements of friendly information - (Army) The critical aspects of a friendly
operation that, if known by the enemy, would subsequently compromise, lead to failure, or
limit success of the operation, and, therefore, must be protected from enemy detection. (FM
3-13)
essential task - A specified or implied task that must be executed to accomplish the mission.
Essential tasks are always included in the unit’s mission statement. (FM 5-0)
exfiltration - The removal of personnel or units from areas under enemy control by stealth,
deception, surprise, or clandestine means. (JP 1-02)
exploitation - 1. Taking full advantage of success in military operations, following up initial
gains, and making permanent the temporary effects already achieved. 2. An offensive
operation that usually follows a successful attack and is designed to disorganize the enemy
in depth. (JP 1-02)
explosive ordnance disposal - The detection, identification, on-site evaluation, rendering
safe, recovery, and final disposal of unexploded explosive ordnance. It may also include
explosive ordnance which has become hazardous by damage or deterioration. (JP 1-02)
firepower - 1. The amount of fire which may be delivered by a position, unit, or weapon system.
2. Ability to deliver fire. (JP 1-02)
fires - The effects of lethal or nonlethal weapons. (JP 1-02)
fire support coordinating measure
- A measure employed by land or amphibious
commanders to facilitate the rapid engagement of targets and simultaneously provide
safeguards for friendly forces. (JP 1-02)
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FM 3-06
26 October 2006
Glossary
fix - (Army) 1. A tactical mission task where a commander prevents the enemy from moving any
part of his force from a specific location for a specific period of time. 2. An engineer obstacle
effect that focuses fire planning and obstacle effort to slow an attacker’s movement within a
specified area, normally an engagement area. (FM 3-90)
flexibility - One of the eight characteristics of combat service support: being able to adapt
combat service support structures and procedures to changing situations, missions, and
concepts of operations. (FM 4-0)
force projection - The ability to project the military element of national power from the
continental United States (CONUS) or another theater in response to requirements for
military operations. Force projection operations extend from mobilization and deployment of
forces to redeployment to CONUS or home theater. (JP 1-02)
force protection - Actions taken to prevent or mitigate hostile actions against Department of
Defense personnel (to include family members), resources, facilities, and critical information.
These actions conserve the force’s fighting potential so it can be applied at a decisive time
and place and incorporates the coordinated and synchronized offensive and defensive
measures to enable the effective employment of the joint force while degrading opportunities
for the enemy. Force protection does not include actions to defeat the enemy or protect
against accidents, weather, or disease. (JP 1-02)
force tailoring - The process of determining the right mix and sequence of units for a mission.
(FM 3-0)
foreign humanitarian assistance - Programs conducted to relieve or reduce the results of
natural or manmade disasters or other endemic conditions such as human pain, disease,
hunger, or privation that might present a serious threat to life or that can result in great
damage to or loss of property. Foreign humanitarian assistance (FHA) provided by US forces
is limited in scope and duration. The foreign assistance provided is designed to supplement
or complement the efforts of the host nation civil authorities or agencies that may have
primary responsibility for providing FHA. FHA operations are those conducted outside the
United States, its territories, and possessions. (JP 1-02)
foreign internal defense - Participation by civilian and military agencies of a government in
any of the action programs taken by another government to free and protect its society from
subversion, lawlessness, and insurgency. (JP 1-02)
fratricide - The unintentional killing or wounding of friendly personnel by friendly firepower.
(FM 3-0)
frontal attack - (Army) A form of maneuver in which the attacking force seeks to destroy a
weaker enemy force or fix a larger enemy force in place over a broad front. (FM 3-0)
full spectrum operations - The range of operations Army forces conduct in war and military
operations other than war. (FM 3-0)
graphic control measure - A symbol used on maps and displays to regulate forces and
warfighting functions. (FMI 5-0.1)
gun-target line - An imaginary straight line from gun to target. (JP 1-02)
hazardous material - Any substance which has a human health hazard associated with it.
Special storage, use, handling, and shipment safety procedures and protocols must be
followed to help protect against accidental exposure. Hazardous materials are specifically
identified under federal law. (FM 3-100.4)
26 October 2006
FM 3-06
Glossary-13
Glossary
high angle fire - (Army) Fire delivered to clear an obstacle (such as a hill) that low-angle fire
cannot, or fire delivered to attack targets on the reverse side of an obstacle (such as a hill)
that cannot be attacked with low-angle or direct fire. (FM 6-30).
host nation - A nation that receives the forces and/or supplies of allied nations, coalition
partners, and/or NATO organizations to be located on, to operate in, or to transit through its
territory. (JP 1-02)
host-nation support - Civil and/or military assistance rendered by a nation to foreign forces
within its territory during peacetime, crises or emergencies, or war based on agreements
mutually concluded between nations. (JP 1-02)
human intelligence - A category of intelligence derived from information collected and
provided by human sources. (JP 1-02)
imagery intelligence - Intelligence derived from the exploitation of collection by visual
photography, infrared sensors, lasers, electro-optics, and radar sensors such as synthetic
aperture radar wherein images of objects are reproduced optically or electronically on film,
electronic display devices, or other media. (JP 1-02)
implied task - A task that must be performed to accomplish a specified task or mission, but is
not stated in the higher headquarters order. (FM 5-0)
indirect fire - Fire delivered on a target that is not itself used as a point of aim for the weapons
or the director. (JP 1-02)
infiltration - (Army) 1. A form of maneuver in which an attacking force conducts undetected
movement through or into an area occupied by enemy forces to occupy a position of
advantage in the enemy rear while exposing only small elements to enemy defensive fires.
(FM 3-90)
information - (Army) 1. In the general sense, the meaning humans assign to data. 2. In the
context of the cognitive hierarchy, data that have been processed to provide further meaning.
(FM 6-0)
information fratricide - The results of employing information operations elements in a way
that causes effects in the information environment that impede the conduct of friendly
operations or adversely affect friendly forces. (FM 3-13)
information management - The provision of relevant information to the right person at the
right time in a usable form to facilitate situational understanding and decisionmaking. It
uses procedures and information systems to collect, process, store, display, and disseminate
information. (FM 3-0)
information operations - (Army) The employment of the core capabilities of electronic
warfare, computer network operations, psychological operations, military deception, and
operations security, in concert with specified supporting and related capabilities, to affect
and defend information and information systems and to influence decisionmaking. (FM 3-13)
information requirements - (Army) All information elements the commander and staff
require to successfully conduct operations, that is, all elements necessary to address the
factors of METT-TC. (FM 6-0)
information superiority - The operational advantage derived from the ability to collect,
process, and disseminate an uninterrupted flow of information while exploiting or denying
an adversary’s ability to do the same. (JP 1-02)
Glossary-14
FM 3-06
26 October 2006
Glossary
information system - (Army) The equipment and facilities that collect, process, store, display,
and disseminate information. This includes computers—hardware and software—and
communications, as well as policies and procedures for their use. (FM 3-0)
insurgency - An organized movement aimed at the overthrow of a constituted government
through the use of subversion and armed conflict. (JP 1-02)
integration - One of the eight characteristics of combat service support: the total inclusion of
Army combat service support into the operations process (plan, prepare, execute, assess), as
well as into other logistics comnponents of the unified force. (FM 4-0).
intelligence - 1. The product resulting from the collection, processing, integration, analysis,
evaluation, and interpretation of available information concerning foreign countries or areas.
2. Information and knowledge about an adversary obtained through observation,
investigation, analysis, or understanding. (JP 1-02)
intelligence preparation of the battlefield - The systematic, continuous process of analyzing
the threat and environment in a specific geographic area. Intelligence preparation of the
battlefield
(IPB) is designed to support the staff estimate and military decisionmaking
process. Most intelligence requirements are generated as a result of the IPB process and its
interrelation with the decisionmaking process. (FM 34-130)
intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance
- An activity that synchronizes and
integrates the planning and operation of sensors, assets, and processing, exploitation, and
dissemination systems in direct support of current and future operations. This is an
integrated intelligence and operations function. (JP 1-02)
intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance plan - An integrated plan for collection of
information from all available sources and analysis of that information to produce
intelligence to meet requirements. Specifically, a logical plan for transforming priority
intelligence requirements into orders or requests to reconnaissance and surveillance assets
to collect pertinent information within a required time limit. (FM 34-3)
interagency - Activities or operations conducted by or through coordination with two or more
agencies or an agency and one or more Services of the same nation. (FM 3-07)
interdict - A tactical mission task where the commander prevents, disrupts, or delays the
enemy’s use of an area or route. (FM 3-90)
interior lines - A force operates on interior lines when its operations diverge from a central
point. (FM 3-0)
isolate
- A tactical mission task that requires a unit to seal off—both physically and
psychologically—an enemy from his sources of support, deny an enemy freedom of
movement, and prevent an enemy unit from having contact with other enemy forces. (FM 3-
90)
joint force - A general term applied to a force composed of significant elements, assigned or
attached, of two or more Military Departments, operating under a single joint force
commander. (JP 1-02)
joint force commander - A general term applied to a combatant commander, subunified
commander, or joint task force commander authorized to exercise combatant command
(command authority) or operational control over a joint force. (JP 1-02)
26 October 2006
FM 3-06
Glossary-15
Glossary
joint operations - A general term to describe military actions conducted by joint forces, or by
Service forces in relationships (e.g., support, coordinating authority), which, of themselves,
do not create joint forces. (JP 1-02)
joint task force - A joint force that is constituted and so designated by the Secretary of
Defense, a combatant commander, a subunified commander, or an existing joint task force
commander. (JP 1-02)
key terrain - Any locality, or area, the seizure or retention of which affords a marked
advantage to either combatant. (JP 1-02)
landing zone - Any specified zone used for the landing of aircraft. JP 1-02)
law of war - That part of international law that regulates the conduct of armed hostilities. (JP
1-02)
liaison - That contact or intercommunication maintained between elements of military forces or
other agencies to ensure mutual understanding and unity of purpose and action. (JP 1-02)
line of communications - A route, either land, water, and/or air, that connects an operating
military force with a base of operations and along which supplies and military forces move.
(JP 1-02)
lines of operations - (Army) A line that defines the orientation of the force in time and space,
or purpose, in relation to an enemy or objective. (FMI 5-0.1).
logistics - The science of planning and carrying out the movement and maintenance of forces.
In its most comprehensive sense, those aspects of military operations which deal with:
a. design and development, acquisition, storage, movement, distribution, maintenance,
evacuation, and disposition of materiel; b. movement, evacuation, and hospitalization of
personnel; c. acquisition or construction, maintenance, operation, and disposition of facilities;
and d. acquisition and furnishing of services. (JP 1-02)
logistics-over-the-shore operations - The loading and unloading of ships without the benefit
of deep draft-capable, fixed port facilities; or as a means of moving forces close to tactical
assembly areas dependent on threat force capabilities. (JP 1-02)
logistics preparation of the theater - Actions taken by combat service support personnel to
optimize means—force structure, resources, and strategic lift—of supporting the joint force
commander’s plan. (FM 4-0)
major operation - A series of tactical actions (battles, engagements, strikes) conducted by
various combat forces of a single or several Services, coordinated in time and place, to
accomplish operational and, sometimes, strategic objectives in an operational area. These
actions are conducted simultaneously or sequentially in accordance with a common plan and
are controlled by a single commander. (JP 1-02)
maneuver - One of the nine principles of war: place the enemy in a disadvantageous position
through the flexible application of combat power. (FM 3-0)
Marine air-ground task force - The Marine Corps principal organization for all missions
across the range of military operations, composed of forces task-organized under a single
commander capable of responding rapidly to a contingency anywhere in the world. The types
of forces in the Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF) are functionally grouped into four
core elements: a command element, an aviation combat element, a ground combat element,
and a combat service support element. The four core elements are categories of forces, not
formal commands. The basic structure of the MAGTF never varies, though the number, size,
Glossary-16
FM 3-06
26 October 2006
Glossary
and type of Marine Corps units comprising each of its four elements will always be mission
dependent. The flexibility of the organizational structure allows for one or more subordinate
MAGTFs to be assigned. In a joint or multinational environment, other Service or
multinational forces may be assigned or attached. (FM 1-02)
Marine expeditionary force - The largest Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF) and the
Marine Corps principal warfighting organization, particularly for larger crises or
contingencies. It is task-organized around a permanent command element and normally
consists of one or more Marine divisions, Marine aircraft wings, and Marine force service
support groups. The Marine expeditionary force is capable of missions across the range of
military operations, including amphibious assault and sustained operations ashore in any
environment. It can operate from a sea base, a land base, or both. In a joint or multinational
environment, it may contain other Service or multinational forces assigned or attached to
the MAGTF. (FM 1-02)
Marine expeditionary unit - A Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF) that is constructed
around an infantry battalion reinforced, a helicopter squadron reinforced, and a task-
organized combat service support element. It normally fulfills Marine Corps’ forward sea-
based deployment requirements. The Marine expeditionary unit provides an immediate
reaction capability for crisis response and is capable of limited combat operations. In a joint
or multinational environment, it may contain other Service or multinational forces assigned
or attached to the MAGTF. (FM 1-02)
mass - One of the nine principles of war: the effects of combat power at the decisive place and
time. (FM 3-0)
mass casualty - Any large number of casualties produced in a relatively short period of time,
usually as the result of a single incident such as a military aircraft accident, hurricane, flood,
earthquake, or armed attack that exceeds logistical support capabilities. (JP 1-02)
measure of effectiveness - (Army) A criterion used to assess changes in system behavior,
capability, or operational environment that is tied to measuring the attainment of an end
state, achievement of an objective, or creation of an effect. (FMI 5-0.1)
medical evacuation - The timely and efficient movement of the wounded, injured, or ill while
providing en route medical care to and between medical treatment facilities. (FM 4-02)
meeting engagement - A combat action that occurs when a moving force engages an enemy at
an unexpected time and place. (FM 3-0)
METT-TC - A memory aid used in two contexts: (1) In the context of information management,
the major subject categories into which relevant information is grouped for military
operations: mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available, time
available, civil considerations. (2) In the context of tactics, the major factors considered
during mission analysis. (FM 6-0)
military deception
- Actions executed to deliberately mislead adversary military
decisionmakers as to friendly military capabilities, intentions, and operations, thereby
causing the adversary to take specific actions (or inactions) that will contribute to the
accomplishment of the friendly mission. (JP 1-02)
military decisionmaking process - A process that integrates the activities of the commander,
staff and subordinate commanders in developing and operation plan or order. It establishes
procedures for analyzing a mission; developing, analyzing, and comparing courses of action;
selecting the best course of action; and producing an operation plan or order (FMI 5-0.1).
26 October 2006
FM 3-06
Glossary-17
Glossary
misinformation - Incorrect information from any source that is released for unknown reasons
or to solicit a response or interest from a nonpolitical or nonmilitary target. (FM 3-13)
mission - 1. The task, together with the purpose, that clearly indicates the action to be taken
and the reason therefor. 2. In common usage, especially when applied to lower military
units, a duty assigned to an individual or unit; a task. (JP 1-02)
mission command - The conduct of military operations through decentralized execution based
upon mission orders for effective mission accomplishment. Successful mission command
results from subordinate leaders at all echelons exercising disciplined initiative within the
commander’s intent to accomplish missions. It requires an environment of trust and mutual
understanding. (FM 6-0)
mission orders - A technique for completing combat orders that allows subordinates maximum
freedom of planning and action in accomplishing missions and leaves the “how” of mission
accomplishment to the subordinate. (FM 6-0)
mobile defense - (Army) A type of defensive operation that concentrates on the destruction or
defeat of the enemy through a decisive attack by a striking force. (FM 3-0)
mobility corridor - Areas where a force will be canalized due to terrain restrictions. They
allow military forces to capitalize on the principles of mass and speed and are therefore
relatively free of obstacles. (JP 1-02)
mobility operations - Obstacle reduction by maneuver and engineer units to reduce or negate
the effects of existing or reinforcing obstacles. The objective is to maintain freedom of
movement for maneuver units, weapon systems, and critical supplies. (FM 3-34)
modified combined obstacle overlay - A joint intelligence preparation of the battlespace
product used to portray the effects of each battlespace dimension on military operations. It
normally depicts militarily significant aspects of the battlespace environment, such as
obstacles restricting military movement, key geography, and military objectives. (JP 1-02)
monitoring - (Army) Continuous observation of the current situation to identify opportunities
for the force, threats to the force, gaps in information, and progress according to the plan or
order. (FMI 5-0.1)
movement to contact - A form of the offensive designed to develop the situation and to
establish or regain contact. (JP 1-02)
naval coastal warfare - Coastal sea control, harbor defense, and port security, executed both
in coastal areas outside the United States in support of national policy and in the United
States as part of this Nation’s defense. (JP 1-02)
naval gunfire support - Fire provided by Navy surface gun systems in support of a unit or
units tasked with achieving the commander’s objectives. A subset of naval surface fire
support. (JP 1-02)
naval surface fire support - Fire provided by Navy surface gun and missile systems in
support of a unit or units. (JP 1-02)
neutral - (Army) 1. An individual, group of individuals, organization, or nation that is not
hostile to or in any way supportive of only one belligerent force in a hostile environment.
(FM 3-07)
no-fire area - A land area, designated by the appropriate commander, into which fires or their
effects are prohibited. (JP 1-02)
Glossary-18
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26 October 2006
Glossary
noncombatant - 1. An individual in an area of combat operations who is not armed and is not
participating in any activity in support of any of the factions or forces involved in combat.
2. An individual, such as chaplain or medical personnel, whose duties do not involve combat.
(FM 3-07)
noncombatant evacuation operations - Operations directed by the Department of State, the
Department of Defense, or other appropriate authority whereby noncombatants are
evacuated from foreign countries when their lives are endangered by war, civil unrest, or
natural disaster to safe havens or to the United States. (JP 1-02)
nongovernmental organization
- A private, self-governing, not-for-profit organization
dedicated to alleviating human suffering; and/or promoting education, health care, economic
development, environmental protection, human rights, and conflict resolution; and/or
encouraging the establishment of democratic institutions and civil society. (JP 1-02)
nonlethal fires - Any fires that do not directly seek the physical destruction of the intended
target and are designed to impair, disrupt, or delay the performance of enemy operational
forces, functions, and facilities. Psychological operations, electronic warfare (jamming), and
other command and control countermeasures are all nonlethal fire options. (FM 6-20)
nonlethal weapons - Weapons that are explicitly designed and primarily employed so as to
incapacitate personnel or materiel, while minimizing fatalities, permanent injury to
personnel and undesired damage to property and the environment. a. Unlike conventional
lethal weapons that destroy their targets through blast, penetration, and fragmentation,
nonlethal weapons employ means other than gross physical destruction to prevent the target
from functioning. b. Nonlethal weapons are intended to have one, or both, of the following
characteristics: (1) They have relatively reversible effects on personnel or materiel. (2) They
affect objects differently within their area of influence. (JP 1-02)
objective - (Army) 1. One of the nine principles of war: direct every military operation toward a
clearly defined, decisive and attainable objective. (FM 3-0) 2. A location on the ground used
to orient operations, phase operations, facilitate changes of direction, and provide for unity of
effort. (FM 3-90)
offensive - One of the nine principles of war: seize, retain, and exploit the initiative. (FM 3-0)
offensive information operations
- The integrated use of assigned and supporting
capabilities and activities, mutually supported by intelligence, to affect enemy
decisionmakers or to influence others to achieve or promote specific objectives. (FM 3-0)
offensive operations - Operations which aim at destroying or defeating an enemy. Their
purpose is to impose US will on the enemy and achieve decisive victory. (FM 3-0)
operation - 1. A military action or the carrying out of a strategic, operational, tactical, service,
training, or administrative military mission. 2. The process of carrying on combat, including
movement, supply, attack, defense, and maneuvers needed to gain the objectives of any
battle or campaign. (JP 1-02)
operational control - Command authority that may be exercised by commanders at any
echelon at or below the level of combatant command. Operational control is inherent in
combatant command (command authority) and may be delegated within the command. When
forces are transferred between combatant commands, the command relationship the gaining
commander will exercise (and the losing commander will relinquish) over these forces must
be specified by the Secretary of Defense. Operational control is the authority to perform
those functions of command over subordinate forces involving organizing and employing
commands and forces, assigning tasks, designating objectives, and giving authoritative
26 October 2006
FM 3-06
Glossary-19
Glossary
direction necessary to accomplish the mission. Operational control includes authoritative
direction over all aspects of military operations and joint training necessary to accomplish
the missions assigned to the command. Operational control should be exercised through the
commanders of subordinate organizations. Normally this authority is exercised through
subordinate joint force commanders and Service and/or functional component commanders.
Operational control normally provides full authority to organize commands and forces and to
employ those forces as the commander in operational control considers necessary to
accomplish assigned missions; it does not, in and of itself, include authoritative direction for
logistics or matters of administration, discipline, internal organization, or unit training. (JP
1-02)
operational framework - The arrangement of friendly forces and resources in time, space, and
purpose with respect to each other and the enemy or situation. It consists of the area of
operations, battlespace, and battlefield organization. (FM 3-0)
operations process - The major command and control activities performed during operations:
planning, preparation, execution with continuous assessment. These activities occur
continuously throughout an operation, overlapping and recurring as required. (FMI 5-0.1)
operations security - A process of identifying critical information and subsequently analyzing
friendly actions attendant to military operations and other activities to: a. identify those
actions that can be observed by adversary intelligence systems; b. determine indicators
hostile intelligence systems might obtain that could be interpreted or pieced together to
derive critical information in time to be useful to adversaries; and c. select and execute
measures that eliminate or reduce to an acceptable level the vulnerabilities of friendly
actions to adversary exploitation. (JP 1-02)
paramilitary forces - Forces or groups distinct from the regular armed forces of any country,
but resembling them in organization, equipment, training, or mission. (JP 1-02)
patrol - A detachment of ground, sea, or air forces sent out for the purpose of gathering
information or carrying out a destructive, harassing, mopping-up, or security mission. (JP 1-
02)
peace enforcement - Application of military force, or the threat of its use, normally pursuant
to international authorization, to compel compliance with resolutions or sanctions designed
to maintain or restore peace and order. (JP 1-02)
peacekeeping - Military operations undertaken with the consent of all major parties to a
dispute, designed to monitor and facilitate implementation of an agreement (ceasefire, truce,
or other such agreement) and support diplomatic efforts to reach a long-term political
settlement. (JP 1-02)
peace operations - A broad term that encompasses peacekeeping operations and peace
enforcement operations conducted in support of diplomatic efforts to establish and maintain
peace. (JP 1-02)
penetration - (Army) A form of maneuver in which an attacking force seeks to rupture enemy
defenses on a narrow front to disrupt the defensive system. (FM 3-90).
perceptions - Mental images the commander wants the deception target to believe are real.
(FM 3-13)
phase line - A line utilized for control and coordination of military operations, usually an easily
identified feature in the operational area. (JP 1-02)
Glossary-20
FM 3-06
26 October 2006
Glossary
physical destruction - The application of combat power to destroy or degrade adversary
forces, sources of information, command and control systems, and installations. It includes
direct and indirect forces from ground, sea, and air forces. Also included are direct actions by
special operations forces. (FM 3-13)
physical security - 1. That part of security concerned with physical measures designed to
safeguard personnel; to prevent unauthorized access to equipment, installations, material,
and documents; and to safeguard them against espionage, sabotage, damage, and theft. 2. In
communications security, the component that results from all physical measures necessary
to safeguard classified equipment, material, and documents from access thereto or
observation thereof by unauthorized persons. (JP 1-02)
pickup zone - A geographic area used to pick up troops or equipment by helicopter. (FM 90-4)
plan - A design for a future or anticipated operation. (FM 5-0)
planning
- The process by which commanders
(and staffs, if available) translate the
commander’s visualization into a specific course of action for preparation and execution,
focusing on the expected results. (FMI 5-0.1)
port of debarkation - (DOD) The geographic point at which cargo or personnel are discharged.
This may be a seaport or aerial port of debarkation; for unit requirements, it may or may not
coincide with the destination. (JP 1-02)
port of embarkation - (DOD) The geographic point in a routing scheme from which cargo and
personnel depart. This may be a seaport or aerial port from which personnel and equipment
flow to a port of debarkation; for unit and nonunit requirements, it may or may not coincide
with the origin. (JP 1-02)
principles of war - Principles that provide general guidance for conducting war and military
operations other than war at the strategic, operational, and tactical levels. The nine
principles of war are: objective, offensive, mass, economy of force, maneuver, unity of
command, security, surprise, and simplicity (FM 3-0)
propaganda - Any form of communication in support of national objectives designed to
influence the opinions, emotions, attitudes, or behavior of any group in order to benefit the
sponsor, either directly or indirectly. (JP 1-02)
psychological operations - Planned operations to convey selected information and indicators
to foreign audiences to influence their emotions, motives, objective reasoning, and ultimately
the behavior of foreign governments, organizations, groups, and individuals. The purpose of
psychological operations is to induce or reinforce foreign attitudes and behavior favorable to
the originator’s objectives. (JP 1-02)
public affairs - Those public information, command information, and community relations
activities directed toward both the external and internal publics with interest in the
Department of Defense. (JP 1-02)
pursuit - An offensive operation designed to catch or cut off a hostile force attempting to escape,
with the aim of destroying it. (JP 1-02)
push - In logistics, the delivery of a predetermined amount of supplies to a user on a scheduled
basis without the user requesting them. (FM 4-0)
railhead - A point on a railway where loads are transferred between trains and other means of
transport. (JP 1-02)
26 October 2006
FM 3-06
Glossary-21
Glossary
reachback - The process of obtaining products, services, and applications, or forces, or
equipment, or material from organizations that are not forward deployed. (JP 1-02)
rear area - (Army) For any particular command, the area extending forward from its rear
boundary to the rear of the area assigned to the next lower level of command. This area is
provided primarily for the performance of support functions, and is where the majority of the
echelon’s sustaining functions occur. (FM 3-0)
refugee - A person who, by reason of real or imagined danger, has left his home country or
country of nationality and is unwilling or unable to return. (JP 1-02)
relevant information - All information of importance to commanders and staffs in the exercise
of command and control. (FM 3-0)
relief in place - (Army) An tactical enabling operation in which, by direction of higher
authority, all or part of a unit is replaced in an area by the incoming unit. (FM 3-90)
reorganization - Action taken to shift internal resources within a degraded unit to increase its
level of combat effectiveness. (FM 100-9)
reserve - Portion of a body of troops which is kept to the rear or withheld from action at the
beginning of an engagement, in order to be available for a decisive movement. (JP 1-02)
responsiveness - One of the eight principles of combat service support: providing the right
support at the right place at the right time. (FM 4-0)
retrograde - A type of defensive operation that involves organized movement away from the
enemy. (FM 3-0)
riot control agent - (Army) A substance that produces temporary irritating or disabling
physical effects that disappear within minutes of removal from exposure. There is no
significant risk of permanent injury, and medical treatment is rarely required. (FM 3-11.11)
risk - (DOD) Probability and severity of loss linked to hazards. (JP 1-02)
risk management - The process of identifying, assessing, and controlling risk arising from
operational factors, and making decisions that balance risk cost with mission benefits. (JP 1-
02)
rules of engagement - Directives issued by competent military authority that delineate the
circumstances and limitations under which United States forces will initiate and/or continue
combat engagement with other forces encountered. (JP 1-02)
running estimate - A staff section’s continuous assessment of current and future operations to
determine if the current operation is proceeding according to the commander’s intent and if
future operations are supportable. (FMI 5-0.1)
search and attack - A technique of conducting a movement to contact that shares many of the
characteristics of an area security mission. (FM 3-0)
secure - (Army) 1. A tactical mission task that involves preventing a unit, facility, or
geographical location from being damaged or destroyed as a result of enemy action. (FM 3-
90)
security - One of the nine principles of war: never permit the enemy to acquire an unexpected
advantage (FM 3-0).
Glossary-22
FM 3-06
26 October 2006
Glossary
seize - (Army) A tactical mission task that involves taking possession of a designated area using
overwhelming force. (FM 3-90)
sequel - (Army) An operation that follows the current operation. It is a future operation that
anticipates possible outcomes - success, failure, or stalemate - of the current operation. (FM
3-0).
shaping operation - An operation at any echelon that creates and preserves conditions for the
success of decisive operations. (FM 3-0)
show of force - An operation designed to demonstrate US resolve that involves increased
visibility of US deployed forces in an attempt to defuse a specific situation that, if allowed to
continue, may be detrimental to US interests or national objectives. (JP 1-02)
signals intelligence
- 1. A category of intelligence comprising either individually or in
combination all communications intelligence, electronic intelligence, and foreign
instrumentation signals intelligence, however transmitted.
2. Intelligence derived from
communications, electronics, and foreign instrumentation signals. (JP 1-02)
simplicity - One of the nine principles of war: prepare clear, uncomplicated plans, and clear,
concise orders to ensure thorough understanding. (FM 3-0) [Note: “simplicity” is also one of
the eight characteristics of combat service support.]
situational understanding - (Army) The product of applying analysis and judgment to the
common operational picture to determine the relationship among the factors of METT-TC.
(FM 3-0)
space operations - The employment of space system capabilities that provide the means to
enhance command and control, facilitate the maneuver of forces, reduce the commander’s
uncertainty, and improve fire support, air defense, intelligence collection, and combat service
support operations which will support strategic, operational, and tactical missions across the
operational continuum in the near, mid, and far term. (FM 3-14)
special operations
- Operations conducted in hostile, denied, or politically sensitive
environments to achieve military, political, economic, and/or informational objectives
employing military capabilities for which there is no broad conventional force requirement.
These operations often require covert, clandestine, or low visibility capabilities. Special
operations are applicable across the rnage of military operations. They can be conducted
independently or in conjunction with operations of conventional forces or other government
agencies and may include operations through, with, or by indigenous or surrogate forces.
Special operations differ from conventional operations in degree of physical and political
risk, operational techniques, mode of employment, independence from friendly support, and
dependence on detailed operational intelligence and indigenous assets. (JP 1-02)
special operations forces - Those Active and Reserve Component forces of the Military
Services designated by the Secretary of Defense and specifically organized, trained, and
equipped to conduct and support special operations. (JP 1-02)
special reconnaissance - Reconnaissance and surveillance actions conducted by special
operations forces in hostile, denied, or politically sensitive environments to collect or verify
information of strategic or operational significance, employing military capabilities not
normally found in conventional forces. These forces provide an additive capability for
commanders and supplement other conventional reconnaissance and surveillance actions.
(JP 1-02)
26 October 2006
FM 3-06
Glossary-23
Glossary
stability operations
- Operations that promote and protect US national interests by
influencing the threat, political, and information dimensions of the operational environment
through a combination of peacetime developmental, cooperative activities and coercive
actions in response to crisis. (FM 3-0)
status-of-forces agreement - An agreement that defines the legal position of a visiting
military force deployed in the territory of a friendly state. Agreements delineating the status
of visiting military forces may be bilateral or multilateral. Provisions pertaining to the
status of visiting forces may be set forth in a separate agreement, or they may form a part of
a more comprehensive agreement. These provisions describe how the authorities of a visiting
force may control members of that force and the amenability of the force or its members to
the local law or to the authority of local officials. To the extent that agreements delineate
matters affecting the relations between a military force and civilian authorities and
population, they may be considered as civil affairs agreements. (JP 1-02)
strategy - The art and science of developing and employing instruments of national power in a
synchronized and integrated fashion to achieve theater, national and/or multinational
objectives. (JP 1-02)
striking force - A committed force organized to conduct the decisive attack in a mobile defense.
It normally comprises the maximum combat power available to the commander at the time
of the attack. (FM 3-0)
strong point - (Army) A heavily fortified battle position tied to a natural or reinforcing obstacle
to create an anchor for the defense or to deny the enemy decisive or key terrain. (FM 3-90)
surprise - One of the nine principles of war: strike the enemy at a time or place or in a manner
for which he is unprepared. (FM 3-0)
survivability - (Army) 1. Concept which includes all aspects of protecting personnel, weapons,
and supplies while simultaneously deceiving the enemy. Survivability tactics include
building a good defense; employing frequent movement; using concealment, deception, and
camouflage; and constructing fighting and protective positions for both individuals and
equipment. Encompasses planning and locating position sites, designing adequate overhead
cover, analyzing terrain conditions and construction materials, selecting excavation
methods, and countering the effects of direct and indirect fire weapons. (FM 5-103) 2. One of
the eight characteristics of combat service support: being able to shield support functions
from destruction or degradation. (FM 4-0)
sustainability - One of the eight characteristics of combat service support: the ability to
maintain continuous support, rear area and base security, movement control, terrain
management, and infrastructure development. (FM 4-0)
sustaining operation - An operation at any echelon that enables shaping and decisive
operations by providing combat service support, rear area and base security, movement
control, terrain management, and infrastructure development. (FM 3-0)
synchronization - 1. The arrangement of military actions in time, space, and purpose to
produce maximum relative combat power at a decisive place and time. See FM 3-0. 2. In the
intelligence context, application of intelligence sources and methods in concert with the
operation plan. (JP 1-02)
tactical combat force - A combat unit, with appropriate combat support and combat service
support assets, that is assigned the mission of defeating Level III threats. (JP 1-02)
Glossary-24
FM 3-06
26 October 2006
Glossary
tactical control - Command authority over assigned or attached forces or commands, or
military capability or forces made available for tasking, that is limited to the detailed
direction and control of movements or maneuvers within the operational area necessary to
accomplish missions or tasks assigned. Tactical control is inherent in operational control.
Tactical control may be delegated to, and exercised at any level at or below the level of
combatant command. When forces are transferred between combatant commands, the
command relationship the gaining commander will exercise (and the losing commander will
relinquish) over these forces must be specified by the Secretary of Defense. Tactical control
provides sufficient authority for controlling and directing the application of force or tactical
use of combat support assets within the assigned mission or task. (JP 1-02)
tactical level of war -The level of war at which battles and engagements are planned and
executed to accomplish military objectives assigned to tactical units or task forces. Activities
at this level focus on the ordered arrangement and maneuver of combat elements in relation
to each other and to the enemy to achieve combat objectives. (JP 1-02)
target acquisition - The detection, identification, and location of a target in sufficient detail to
permit the effective employment of weapons. (JP 1-02)
targeting - The process of selecting and prioritizing targets and matching the appropriate
response to them, taking account of operational requirements and capabilities. (JP 1-02)
target reference point - An easily recognizable point on the ground (either natural or man-
made) used to initiate, distribute, and control fires. Target reference points (TRPs) can also
designate the center of an area where the commander plans to distribute or converge the
fires of all his weapons rapidly. They are used by task force and below, and can further
delineate sectors of fire within an engagement area. TRPs are designated using the standard
target symbol and numbers issued by the fire support officer. Once designated, TRPs also
constitute indirect fire targets. (FM 3-90)
task organization - A temporary grouping of forces designed to accomplish a particular
mission. (FM 3-0)
task-organizing - (Army) The process of allocating available assets to subordinate commanders
and establishing their command and support relationships. (FM 3-0)
tempo - The rate of military action. (FM 3-0)
terminal control - 1. The authority to direct the maneuver of aircraft which are delivering
ordnance, pasengers, or cargo to a specific location or target. Terminal control is a type of air
control. 2. Any electronic, mechanical, or visual control given to aircraft to facilitate target
acquisition and resolution. (JP 1-02)
terrorism - The calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful violence to inculcate
fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that
are generally political, religious, or ideological. (JP 1-02)
terrorist - An individual who uses violence, terror, and intimidation to achieve a result. (JP 1-
02)
throughput distribution - The bypassing of one or more intermediate supply echelons in the
supply system to avoid multiple handling. (FM 4-0)
time-phased force and deployment data - The Joint Operation Planning and Execution
System database portion of an operation plan; it contains time-phased force data, non-unit-
related cargo and personnel data, and movement data for the operation plan, including the
26 October 2006
FM 3-06
Glossary-25
Glossary
following: a. In-place units; b. Units to be deployed to support the operation plan with a
priority indicating the desired sequence for their arrival at the port of debarkation;
c. Routing of forces to be deployed; d. Movement data associated with deploying forces;
e. Estimates of non-unit related cargo and personnel movements to be conducted
concurrently with the deployment of forces; and f. Estimate of transportation requirements
that must be fulfilled by common-user lift resources as well as those requirements that can
be fulfilled by assigned or attached transportation resources. (JP 1-02)
toxic industrial material - A generic term for toxic radioactive compounds in solid, liquid,
aerosolized or gaseous form. These may be used, or stored for use, for industrial, commercial,
medical, military, or domestic purposes. Toxic industrial materials may be chemical,
biological, or radioactive and described as toxic industrial chemical, toxic industrial
biological, or toxic industrial radiological. (FM 3-11.4)
track - 1. To display or record the successive positions of a moving object. 2. To keep a gun
properly aimed, or to point continuously a target-locating instrument at a moving target. (JP
1-02)
troop leading procedures - A dynamic process used by small unit leaders to analyze a
mission, develop a plan, and prepare for an operation. (FM 5-0)
turning movement - (Army) A form of maneuver in which the attacking force seeks to avoid
the enemy’s principal defensive positions by seizing objectives to the enemy rear and causing
the enemy to move out of his current positions or divert major forces to meet the threat. (FM
3-0)
unconventional warfare - A broad spectrum of military and paramilitary operations,
normally of long duration, predominantly conducted through, with, or by indigenous or
surrogate forces who are organized, trained, equipped, supported, and directed in varying
degrees by an external source. It includes, but is not limited to, guerrilla warfare,
subversion, sabotage, intelligence activities, and unconventional assisted recovery. (JP 1-02)
unexploded explosive ordnance - Explosive ordnance which has been primed, fused, armed,
or otherwise prepared for action, and which has been fired, dropped, launched, projected, or
placed in such a manner as to constitute a hazard to operations, installations, personnel, or
material, and remains unexploded either by malfunction or design or for any other cause.
(JP 1-02)
unity of command - One of the nine principles of war: for every objective, ensure unity of effort
under one responsible commander.
unity of effort
- Coordination and cooperation among all military forces and other
organizations toward a commonly recognized objective, even if the forces and nonmilitary
organizations are not necessarily part of the same command structure. (FM 6-0)
unmanned aircraft system - A powered aerial vehicle that does not carry a human operator,
uses aerodynamic forces to provide lift, can fly automomously or is remotely operated, can be
expendable or recoverable, and can carry a lethal or nonlethal payload. Ballistic or semi-
ballistic vehicles, cruise missiles, and artillery projectiles are not considered unmanned
aircraft systems.
urban area - A topographical complex where manmade construction or high population density
is the dominant feature. See also urban environment; urban operations. (FM 3-06)
urban environment - The physical urban area, as well as the complex and dynamic
interaction among its key components—the terrain (natural and manmade), the population,
Glossary-26
FM 3-06
26 October 2006
Glossary
and the supporting infrastructure—as an overlapping and interdependent system of
systems. (FM 3-06)
urban operations - Offense, defense, stability, and support operations conducted in a
topographical complex and adjacent natural terrain where manmade construction and high
population density are the dominant features. (FM 3-0)
versatility - The ability of Army forces to meet the global, diverse mission requirements of full
spectrum operations. (FM 3-0)
visualize - To create and think in mental images. (FM 6-0)
vulnerability - 1. The susceptibility of a nation or military force to any action by any means
through which its war potential or combat effectiveness may be reduced or its will to fight
diminished. 2. The characteristics of a system that cause it to suffer a definite degradation
(incapability to perform the designated mission) as a result of having been subjected to a
certain level of effects in an unnatural (manmade) hostile environment. 3. In information
operations, a weakness in information system security design, procedures, implementation,
or internal controls that could be exploited to gain unauthorized access to information or an
information system. (JP 1-02)
warfighting function - A group of tasks and systems (people, organizations, information, and
processes), united by a common purpose, that commanders use to accomplish missions and
training objectives. The six warfighting functions are: a. command and control - the
related tasks and systems that support the commander in exercising authority and direction;
b. fire support - the related tasks and systems that provide collective and coordinated use
of Army indirect fires, joint fires, and offensive information operations; c. intelligence - the
related tasks and systems that facilitate understanding of the enemy, terrain, weather, and
civil considerations; d. movement and maneuver - the related tasks and systems that
move forces to achieve a position of advantage in relation to the enemy; e. protection - the
related tasks and systems that preserve the force so the commander can apply maximum
combat power; f. sustainment - the related tasks and systems that provide support and
services to ensure freedom of action, extend operational reach, and prolon endurance. (FMI
5-0.1)
weapons of mass destruction - Weapons that are capable of a high order of destruction
and/or of being used in such a manner as to destroy large numbers of people. Weapons of
mass destruction can be high explosives or nuclear, biological, chemical, and radiological
weapons, but exclude the means of transporting or propelling the weapon where such means
is a separable and divisible part of the weapon. (JP 1-02)
26 October 2006
FM 3-06
Glossary-27
References
Military publications are listed by title. When a field manual has been published under a new number
for the first time, the old number is provided in parenthesis after the new number.
REQUIRED PUBLICATIONS
These documents must be available to intended users of this publication.
JOINT PUBLICATIONS
Joint publications are available at <http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/ >.
JP 1-02. Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms, 12 April 2001.
JP 3-06. Doctrine for Joint Urban Operations. 16 September 2002.
ARMY PUBLICATIONS
Army doctrinal publications are available at <http://www.apd.army.mil/ >.
FM 1-02 (101-5-1). Operational Terms and Graphics. 21 September 2004.
FM 34-130. Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield. 8 July 1994. FM 34-130 will be republished as
FM 2-01.3
FM 3-0 (100-5). Operations. 14 June 2001.
FM 3-06.11 (90-10-1). Combined Arms Operations in Urban Terrain. 28 February 2002.
FM 3-07 (100-20). Stability Operations and Support Operations. 20 February 2003. When updated,
FM 3-07 will be retitled Stability Operations.
FM 3-90. Tactics. 04 July 2001.
FM 5-19 (100-14). Composite Risk Management. 21 August 2006.
FM 7-0. Training the Force. 22 October 2002.
FM 7-1. Battle Focused Training. 15 September 2003.
FM 5-0 (101-5). Army Planning and Orders Production. 20 January 2005.
RELATED PUBLICATIONS
These sources contain relevant supplemental information.
JOINT PUBLICATIONS
Joint publications are available at <http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/ >.
JP 3-0. Doctrine for Joint Operations. 10 September 2001.
JP 3-05. Doctrine for Joint Special Operations. 17 December 2003.
JP 3-08. Interagency Coordination During Joint Operations (2 Volumes). 9 October 1996.
JP 3-16. Joint Doctrine for Multinational Operations. 05 April 2000.
JP 4-0. Doctrine for Logistic Support of Joint Operations. 06 April 2000.
JP 5-00.2. Joint Task Force Planning Guidance and Procedures. 13 January 1999.
Joint Military Operations Historical Collection. 15 July 1997.
ARMY PUBLICATIONS
Army doctrinal publications are available at <http://www.apd.army.mil/ >.
Army Regulations
FM 1. The Army. 14 June 2005.
FM 2-0 (34-1). Intelligence. 17 May 2004.
26 October 2006
FM 3-06
References-1
References
FM 2-22.3 (34-52). Human Intelligence Collector Operations. 6 September 2006.
FM 3-05 (100-25). Army Special Operations Forces. 20 September 2006.
FM 3-05.20 (31-20). Special Forces Operations. 1 April 2004.
FM 3-05.30 (33-1). Psychological Operations. 15 April 2005.
FM 3-05.105. Multiservice Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Special Operations Forces in
Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Environments. 28 September 2001.
FM 3-05.212 (TC 31-25). Special Forces Waterborne Operations. 31 August 2004.
FM 3-05.301 (33-1-1). Psychological Operations Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures. 31 December
2003.
FM 3-05.401 (41-10-1). Civil Affairs Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures. 23 September 2003.
FM 3-06 (90-10). Urban Operations. 01 June 2003.
FM 3-06.1. Aviation Urban Operations: Multi-service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for
Aviation Urban Operations. 09 July 2005.
FM 3-07.2. Antiterrorism. (Future Publication).
FM 3-11.3 ( ). Multiservice Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Chemical, Biological,
Radiological, and Nuclear Contamination Avoidance. 2 February 2006.
FM 3-11.9 (3-9). Potential Military Chemical/Biological Agents and Compounds. 10 January 2005.
FM 3-11.14 (3-14). Multiservice Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Nuclear, Biological, and
Chemical Vulnerability Assessment. 28 November 2004.
FM 3-11.19 (3-19). Multiservice Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Nuclear, Biological, and
Chemical Reconnaissance. 30 July 2004.
FM 3-11.21 (3-21). Multiservice Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Nuclear, Biological, and
Chemical Aspects of Consequence Management. 12 December 2001.
FM 3-11.22. Weapons of Mass Destruction Civil Support Team Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures.
06 June 2003.
FM 3-13 (100-6). Information Operations: Doctrine, Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures. 28
November 2003.
FM 3-14 (100-18). Space Support to Army Operations. 18 May 2005.
FM 3-19.4 (19-4). Military Police Leaders’ Handbook. 04 March 2002.
FM 3-19.15 (19-15). Civil Disturbance Operations. 18 April 2005.
FM 3-19.17. Military Working Dogs. 22 September 2005.
FM 3-19.40 (19-40). Military Police Internment/Resettlement Operations. 01 August 2001.
FM 3-19.50. Police Intelligence Operations. 21 July 2006.
FM 3-22.40 (90-40). NLW: Tactical Employment of Nonlethal Weapons. 15 January 2003.
FM 3-28. Civil Support Operations. (Future Publication).
FM 3-31. Joint Force Land Component Commander Handbook (JFLCC). 13 December 2001.
FM 3-31.1 (90-31). AMCI: Army and Marine Corps Integration in Joint Operations. 21 November
2001.
FM 3-34 (5-100, 5-114). Engineer Operations. 02 January 2004.
FM 3-34.2. Combined Arms Breaching Operations. 31 August 2000. FM 3-34.2 will be republished as
FM 3-90.11
FM 3-34.230 (5-105). Topographic Operations. 03 August 2000.
FM 3-61.1. Public Affairs Tactics, Techniques and Procedures. 01 October 2000.
FM 3-90.12 (90-13). Combined Arms Gap Crossing Operations. TBP.
FM 3-97.6 (90-6). Mountain Operations. 28 November 2000.
References-2
FM 3-06
26 October 2006
References
FM 3-100.12. Risk Management: Multiservice Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Risk
Management. 15 February 2001.
FM 3-100.38. UXO: Multi-service Tactics, Techniques and Procedures for Unexploded Ordnance
Operations. 18 August 2005.
FM 4-0 (100-10). Combat Service Support. 29 August 2003.
FM 4-01.45. Tactical Convoy Operations: Multiservice Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for
Tactical Convoy Operations. 24 March 2005.
FM 4-02.51 (8-51). Combat and Operational Stress Control. 6 June 2006.
FM 4-30.16. EOD: Multiservice Procedures for Explosive Ordnance Disposal in a Joint Environment.
27 October 2005.
FM 4-30.51. Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) Procedures. 13 July 2006.
FM 5-01.12 (90-41). JTF LNO Integration: Multiservice Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for
Joint Task Force (JTF) Liaison Officer Integration. 27 January 2003.
FM 5-33. Terrain Analysis. 8 September 1992. FM 5-33 will be republished as FM 3 34.330.
FM 5-103. Survivability. 10 June 1985. FM 5-103 will be republished as FM 5-34.112.
FM 5-104. General Engineering. 12 November 1986. FM 5-104 will be republished as FM 3-34.250.
FM 5-170. Engineer Reconnaissance. 05 May 1988. FM 5-170 will be republished as FM 3 34.212.
FM 5-415. Fire-Fighting Operations. 09 February 1999. FM 5-415 will be republished as FM 3
34.281.
FM 6-0. Mission Command: Command and Control of Army Forces. 11 August 2003.
FM 6-22.5 (22-9). Combat Stress. 23 June 2000.
FM 7-15. The Army Universal Task List (Incl. changes 2). 6 July 2006.
FM 20-32. Mine/Countermine Operations. 1 April 2005.
FM 22-51. Leaders’ Manual for Combat Stress Control. 29 September 1994. FM 22-51 will be
republished as FM 4-02.22.
FM 22-100. Army Leadership: Be, Know, Do. 31 August 1999. FM 22-100 will be republished as FM
6-22.
FM 23-10. Sniper Training. 17 August 1994. FM 23-10 will be republished as FM 3-22.10.
FM 27-10. The Law of Land Warfare. 18 July 1956. FM 27-10 will be republished as FM 1-04.10.
FM 27-100. Legal Support to Operations. 01 March 2000. FM 27-100 will be republished as FM 1-04.
FM 31-20-3. Foreign Internal Defense Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Special Forces. 20
September 1994. FM 31-20-3 will be republished as FM 3-05.202.
FM 31-50. Combat in Fortified and Built-Up Areas. March 1964.
FM 34-3. Intelligence Analysis. 15 March 1990. FM 34-3 will be republished as FM 2-33.4.
FM 34-60. Counterintelligence. 03 October 1995. FM 34-60 will be republished as FM 2-01.2.
FM 34-81. Weather Support for Army Tactical Operations. 31 August 1989. FM 34-81 will be
republished as FM 2-33.2.
FM 34-81-1. Battlefield Weather Effects. 23 December 1992. FM 34-81-1 will be republished as FM
2-33.201.
FM 41-10. Civil Affairs Operations. 14 February 2000. FM 41-10 will be republished as FM 3-05.40.
FM 44-8. Combined Arms for Air Defense. 01 June 1999. FM 44-8 will be republished as FM 3-01.8.
FM 46-1. Public Affairs Operations. 30 May 1997. FM 46-1 will be republished as FM 3-61.
FM 90-8. Counterguerrilla Operations. 29 August 1986. FM 90-8 will be republished as FM 3-07.11.
FM 90-10. Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain (MOUT) (How to Fight). 15 August 1979.
FM 100-5. Operations. 1944.
26 October 2006
FM 3-06
References-3
References
FM 100-8. The Army in Multinational Operations. 24 November 1997. FM 100-8 will be republished
as FM 3-16.
FM 100-11. Force Integration. 15 January 1998. FM 100-11 will be republished as FM 3-100.11.
FMI 2-91.4. Intelligence Support to Operations in the Urban Environment. 30 June 2005. FMI 2-91.4
will be republished as FM 2-91.4.
FMI 3-07.22. Counterinsurgency Operations. 01 October 2004. FMI 3-07.22 will be republished as
FM 3-07.22.
FMI 3-34.119. Improvised Explosive Device Defeat. 21 September 2005.
FMI 4-30.50. Modular Explosive Ordnance Disposal Operations. 31 July 2006.
FMI 5-0.1. The Operations Process. 31 March 2006.
TC 3-15. Nuclear Accident and Incident Response and Assistance (NAIRA). 27 December 1988.
TC 5-230. Army Geospatial Guide for Commanders and Planners. 28 November 2003.
TC 7-98-1. Stability and Support Operations Training Support Package. 05 June 1997.
TC 9-21-01. Soldiers Improvised Explosive Device (IED) Awareness Guide: Iraq and Afghanistan
Theaters of Operation. 28 May 2004.
TC 90-1. Training for Urban Operations. 01 April 2002.
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE PUBLICATIONS
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Quadrennial Defense Review Report. 30 September 2001.
U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC), Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence
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Twenty-First Century (Version2.0). Fort Leavenworth, KS: U.S. Government Printing Office,
2004.
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Chiarelli, Peter W., Patrick R. Michaelis, and Geoffrey A. Norman. “Armor in Urban Terrain: The
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References-10
FM 3-06
26 October 2006
Index
environment, 6-41
defensive considerations, 8-
A
operations, 5-59-5-96, 6-
29-8-54
add-on protection, 10-51
29, 7-65, 9-24
consolidate, 8-51
aerial delivery, 10-46
engage, 8-46-8-50
systems, 4-65-4-71
shape, 8-34-8-45
infrastructure, 6-37, 9-41-9-42
air and missile defense, 4-48-
transition, 8-52-8-54
4-53
instability, 3-39-3-42
understand, 8-30-8-33
area defense, 8-21
insurgencies, 1-33, 2-83, 3-51
defensive operations, 8-1-8-54
attack, 7-36
integration
characteristics, 8-2-8-18
land operations, 5-17-5-96
attrition, 6-31
purpose, 8-1
conventional and SOF, 5-
depth, 8-48
B
97-5-98
battle damage assessment, 10-
disease, 10-67-10-69
intelligence, 3-27-3-28, 4-2-4-
52
17, 10-11-10-12
E
battlefield, multidimensional,
investment of resources, 10-
economy, 2-81-2-83, 9-28, 10-
airspace, 2-12
109
3
subsurface, 2-16
IPB, 4-5-4-8
economy of force, 8-42
supersurface, 2-15
Isolation, 6-11-6-14,8-35-8-36
surface, 2-13-2-14
electronic warfare, 5-70
ISR, 8-47
battlefield organization, 7-12-7-
end state, 6-27
26
energy, 2-78-2-80
K-L
C
engineer support, 10-108-10-
key tactical considerations, 4-
113
72-4-82
casualties, 5-5
EOD, 10-80-10-85
land operations, 5-17-5-96
CBRNE incidents, 9-10
evacuation, 10-72-10-75
legal support, 10-97-10-107
civil-military operations, 5-89-
international and host
5-96
exploitation, 7-37-7-38
nation, 10-100-10-102
civil support, p. 9-1, 9-1-9-52
F-G
U.S. Law, 10-103
civilian,
factions, 3-38-3-61
legitimacy, 9-43-9-44, 9-46-9-
control, 9-46-9-47
47
financial,
military projects and, 10-92
compensation, 10-91
liaison, 4-11-4-16, 5-102
civilians, 10-64-10-66, 10-106-
management, 10-89-10-93
10-107
M-N
fire fighting, 10-110-10-112
collateral damage, 5-9, 6-34
maintenance,
fire support, 4-30-4-42
resources, 10-53
combat stress, 10-70-10-71
food preparation, 10-39-10-40
support, 10-47-10-53
command and control, 4-56-4-
force protection, 9-19-9-21
measures of effectiveness, p.
71
force tailoring, 10-24
9-7, 9-17
commitment, 9-48-9-52
media, 2-71-2-74, 4-59, 5-36
computer network operations,
H
military deception, 5-33, 5-36,
5-71-5-74
health protection, 10-60-10-79
5-51, 5-69
contracting, 10-93
human ,
mobile defense, 8-22-8-24
counterattacks, 8-45, 8-50
assistance, 3-43-3-49
mobility advantage, 8-40-8-41
capabilities, 5-39-5-44
counterdeception, 5-80
component, 2-62
modular design, 10-23
counterintelligence, 5-78-5-79
dimension, 6-39-6-40
mortuary affairs, 10-44-10-45
countermobility, 4-29
intelligence, 4-9-4-16, 5-
movement and maneuver, 4-
counterpropaganda, 5-81-5-82
39-5-44
18-4-19
resources, 10-86-10-88
critical infrastructure, 6-37
services, 2-84
movement to contact, 7-34-7-
shields, 3-25-3-26
35
D
decisive operations, 7-13-7-1,
nonbattle injury, 10-67-10-69
I-J
9-11
nonlethal force, 10-104-10-105
information ,
decisive points, 6-18
assurance, 5-76
26 October 2006
FM 3-06
Index-1
Index
O
pursuit, 7-39
threat effects, 10-59
objectives, political and military,
training, 1-37, 6-16
R
9-16-9-18
transition control, 6-42
rapid recovery, 10-48
obstacle plan, 8-49
transportation support, 10-54-
religious support, 10-94-10-96
obstacles, 10-57
10-55
climate, 10-95
offensive characteristics, 7-2-
local, 10-96
treatment, 10-76-10-79
7-26
morale, ethical, 10-95
U-V
audacity, 7-11
replace forward, 10-49-10-50
concentration, 7-5
urban area,
resources, 2-64-2-66, 5-7-5-8,
surprise, 7-3-7-4
defined, 1-3
6-8
tempo, 7-6-7-10
strategic importance, 1-4
restrictions, 10-14
offensive considerations, 7-40-
urban environment, 1-7-1-12
7-95
retrograde, 8-25-8-28
understanding, 2-1-2-86, 4-
consolidate, 7-83-7-88
1-4-82
reward program, 10-91
engage, 7-74-7-82
urban infrastructure, 2-59-2-86
risk assessment, 6-6-6-7
shape, 7-53-7-73
reduction, 5-15-5-16
urban ISR, 5-31-5-58
transition, 7-89-7-95
rules of engagement, 5-19-5-
urban model, 2-26-2-42
understand, 7-41-7-52
26
urban operational framework,
offensive maneuver, 7-28-7-
33,
6-1-6-27
S
consolidate, 6-22
envelopment, 7-28
shaping operations, 7-20, 9-12
engage, 6-17-6-21
frontal attack, 7-33
shortages, 3-43-3-45
shape, 6-9-6-16
infiltration, 7-30
transition, 6-23-6-27
penetration, 7-31-7-32
solatia, 10-91
turning movement, 7-29
understand, 6-3-6-8
split-based operations, 10-25
urban operations, 1-1-1-41
offensive operations, 7-1-7-95,
stability operations, 9-7-9-8
concept of, 5-18
characteristics, 7-2-7-26
battlefield organization, 9-5-
forms and types, 7-27-7-39
determining the necessity,
9-13
5-1-5-16
purpose, 7-1
characteristics, 9-2-9-4
full spectrum , p. 1-3, 1-29-
operations security, 5-62-5-65
considerations, 9-14--9-52
1-34
purpose, 9-1
organizations,
fundamentals, 6-28-6-42
criminal, 3-55-3-57
storage and distribution, 10-
historical significance, 1-5-
nongovernmental, 9-22
36-10-38
1-22
other agencies,
supply and field services, 10-
joint, interagency, and
synchronization, 5-99-5-
28-10-46
multinational, 1-24-1-28,
103
1-36
support areas, 10-19
modern, 1-23-1-41
P-Q
supporting resources, 8-37-8-
preparing for future, 1-35-1-
39
patterns,
41
linear, 2-20
survivability, 4-44-4-47, 10-4
urban society, 2-43-2-58
major, 2-17-2-21
sustainment ,
urban terrain, 2-7-2-42
network, 2-19
characteristics, 10-1-10-9
street patterns, 2-22-2-25
satellite, 2-18
force agility, 10-22-10-25
multidimensional, 2-8-2-16
segment, 2-21
functions, 10-26-10-113
urban patterns, 2-17-2-21
grid, 2-24
logistics, 10-10-10-21
irregular, 2-25
urban threat, 3-1-3-61
operations, 7-21-7-26, 9-
asymmetrical and adaptive,
lesser street, 2-22-2-24
13, 10-1-10-2
3-1
radial, 2-23
T
objectives, 3-5-3-20
physical,
tactics, 3-21-3-36
destruction, 5-75
tactical considerations, 4-72-4-
WMD, 3-2-3-4
security, 5-77
82
combat power, 4-77-4-80
urban warrior, 1-38-1-40
population, 2-47-2-49, 3-22-3-
decision making, 4-82
urbanization, negative effects,
28, 8-43-8-44, 10-58
distance, 4-74-4-76
3-37-3-61
protection, 4-43-4-53
levels of war, 4-81
vulnerabilities, 5-11-5-13
psychological operations, 5-
time, 4-73
66-5-68
W-Z
tempo, 3-11-3-12, 7-6-7-10
public affairs, 5-83-5-88
warfighting functions, 4-1-4-71
terminals, 10-56
Index-2
FM 3-06
26 October 2006

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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