FM 3-28 Civil Support Operations (Draft) (June 2010) - page 6

 

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FM 3-28 Civil Support Operations (Draft) (June 2010) - page 6

 

 

Appendix E
decontamination or mortuary affairs support. The brigade commander organizes subordinate task force
elements around the battalion headquarters available within the brigade.
E-6. In addition to the organic elements of the brigade, task force-operations normally receives
specialized CBRNE units and additional engineer assets. In the case of an Army brigade combat team, the
Marines may provide a chemical-biological incident response force—a multi-functional task force. The Air
Force and Navy may provide engineer assets in addition to any Army units organic or attached to the Army
brigade.
Task Force-Aviation
E-7. Task force-aviation provides rotary wing lift capabilities to the joint task force. Task force-aviation
normally includes an Army aviation brigade, minus its assigned attack aviation units. Task force-aviation
also deploys with an aviation maintenance battalion tailored to support the mix of aircraft deployed. The
task force also includes an air traffic control element to assist the joint force air component commander with
Army airfield operations. The aviation brigade provides direct support to joint task force elements and
general support as directed to the federal agencies directing various emergency support functions. When
deployed, task force-aviation may receive tactical control of Marine or Navy aircraft.
Task Force-Medical
E-8. Task force-medical is a multi-service task force that provides medical support to JTF-CS. Typically,
task force-medical includes two battalion equivalent capabilities; a patient treatment and evacuation unit,
and a medical support unit which provides logistical support and also includes ground evacuation assets.
Specialized detachments unique to the CBRNE consequence management response force round out the
medical capability. These may include contaminated patient care capabilities, CBRNE capable laboratory
support, mental health specialists, veterinary care, and disease control sections.
E-9. Task force-medical has three priorities of care. The first is to provide medical care to deployed
forces within the JTF-CS. The second is to provide reinforcing medical capabilities to civilian responders
for collection, screening, emergency treatment, and evacuation of patients. The third priority is to provide
health service support to federal and state personnel when their medical requirements outstrip their
agencies’ capacity.
CBRNE CONSEQUENCE MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS
E-10. CBRNE consequence management response force response is rapid, flexible, and provides a
designated chain of command for DOD CBRNE consequence management operations. The CBRNE
consequence management response force provides capabilities necessary to execute the initial set of
anticipated mission assignments. As required, the joint task force commander requests additional forces
using the request for forces process. The CBRNE consequence management response force conducts
operations according to the six joint phases shown in figure E-3.
E-4
FM 3-28 (Signature Draft—Not for Implementation)
4 June 2010
CBRNE Consequence Management Response Force
Figure E-3. Joint disaster response phases
PHASE 0—SHAPING
E-11. Phase 0 involves continuous situational awareness and preparedness. Actions in this phase include
interagency coordination, planning, identification of gaps, exercises, and public affairs outreach. This phase
sets conditions for increased CBRNE consequence management interoperability and cooperation with
interagency partners and designated CBRNE consequence management response force units. This requires
participation in planning, conferences and exercises; while simultaneously supporting the implementation of
USNORTHCOM’s Theater Security Cooperation Plan with bordering nations. These activities continue
through all phases.
E-12. Response force is the focus during this phase with priority on CBRNE consequence management
operations and building command relationships. Commanders focus on training and rehearsals for CBRNE
incidents, based on the training priorities provided through USARNORTH. Selected commanders and staff
participate in training provided by USARNORTH (DSCA courses I and II). Individuals and detachments
receive training from experts on operations in a contaminated environment. The subordinate unit staffs
carefully review interoperability challenges, concentrating on command and control systems and liaison
requirements with their headquarters and the supported combatant command. They identify shortfalls and
submit requests for additional capabilities through their parent headquarters. The staffs also modify existing
plans to fit their particular organization and capabilities, and review the plans with the joint task force
commander. This includes updating and submitting time phased force deployment data through their parent
headquarters and USARNORTH to USTRANSCOM. Each task force commander pays particular attention
to interoperability between elements from the other Services, and includes liaison requirements in all
planning and exercises. Finally, the shaping phase includes a mission rehearsal exercise. The phase ends
4 June 2010
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E-5
Appendix E
with the identification of a potential CBRNE incident through indicators and warning, Secretary of Defense
direction, or an actual CBRNE incident.
PHASE I—ANTICIPATE
E-13. The objective of this phase is to minimize the response time of federal military forces and provide the
combatant commander with assessments that allow rapid and effective tailoring of the CBRNE consequence
management response force, and identify additional requirements for forces. During Phase 1 the DCO and
USNORTHCOM Situational Awareness Teams) assess the situation and provide reports to
USNORTHCOM. The assessments determine the scope and magnitude of the incident; identify potential
theater response forces, determine which forces need to be expedited to the incident; and identify potential
command and control requirements. This phase ends when CBRNE consequence management response
force and follow-on forces receive prepare-to-deploy orders and are staged and ready to deploy; or when the
combatant commander determines that the scope and magnitude of the incident does not warrant
deployment. In the former case, USNORTHCOM deploys consequence management forces. In the latter
case, the combatant commander directs the return to Phase 0 operations.
E-14. At the tactical level, once units receive a deployment order, operational control passes from the
supporting commander to the gaining commander. Each subordinate task force deploys liaisons to a
location designated by the joint task force commander. These liaisons provide communications connectivity
for dissimilar systems and pass situational assessments back to their task forces as the situation develops.
Simultaneously, each task force deploys an advance party to the base support installation identified by
USARNORTH for reception and logistics support. The task force commanders coordinates with the joint
task force commander on rules for use of force, arming status, law enforcement missions, intelligence
support and restrictions, public affairs guidance, deployment priorities, and mission assignments (if known).
Because of the nature of the most likely CBRNE incidents, forces will deploy into and remain in the joint
operational area for the duration of the CBRNE incident response. For a catastrophic incident, the
commander plans for force rotation of units within the CBRNE consequence management response force.
PHASE II—RESPOND
E-15. During Phase II, the joint task force deploys forces to key theater nodes and to the joint operational
area. The joint task force establishes command and control of all assigned, attached, and OPCON federal
military forces; develops a common operational picture; and conducts joint reception, staging, onward
movement, and integration (JRSOI). Commanders of subordinate units appoint a capable officer and small
staff to continue to manage unit arrival and JRSOI. As units arrive and reassemble, they occupy their
assigned operating bases and prepare for mission assignments. Leaders take every available opportunity to
reinforce soldier skills they will need when operating in the area of operations. They stress protective
measures, RUF, and situation awareness and reporting. Task force commanders receive and integrate
additional forces identified during Phase II. They provide updates to JTF-CS and keep the supporting
installations informed. Phase II success equals forces deployed with enough command and control and
consequence management capability to safely and effectively conduct operations. This phase ends when 1)
response forces are prepared to conduct operations in the JOA; 2) when theater support and incident
response forces are postured to conduct consequence management operations; and 3) the JFLCC and joint
task force establishes command and control federal military forces and begins execution of approved
mission assignments.
PHASE III—OPERATE
E-16. Phase III begins when CBRNE consequence management operations commence. Operations focus on
mitigation of CBRNE effects, saving lives, preventing further injury, and providing temporary critical life
support. The aim of operations is to enable community recovery through efficient employment of available
capabilities. All commanders pay particular attention to safety and force health protection of their
personnel.
E-6
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4 June 2010
CBRNE Consequence Management Response Force
E-17. At the tactical level, the joint task force commander will begin assigning missions to units as soon as
the units complete assembly and integration. Each task force can expect to receive multiple missions in the
form of FRAGOS together with a priority of effort. Commanders circulate constantly between their
subordinates in order to experience and assess for themselves the situation on the ground. They also conduct
information engagement actions with residents and responders working near CBRNE consequence
management response force units. Further, federal military commanders at every level from company to
brigade should personally coordinate with state National Guard commanders and other DOD asset leaders
operating in proximity to CBRNE consequence management response force. The OPLAN, FRAGOs, and e-
mails cannot substitute for face to face coordination between commanders to increase situational
understanding and achieve unity of effort. If possible, federal military commanders should meet with their
Guard counterparts at least once a day.
E-18. Certain units of the CBRNE consequence management response force may work closely with highly
specialized personnel from other agencies, such as the Defense Threats Reduction Agency (DTRA) and the
Department of Energy (DOE) as part of their mission assignment. The commander should designate a
subordinate commander to provide any required support to these agencies and personally visit them to
assess the progress of operations.
E-19. For many missions, Army TTP and METL conditions and standards are adequate to meet the
requirements of civil authorities developed in mission assignments. However in some circumstances,
additional requirements will be established. Army forces should expect some civilian agency coordination
and periodic oversight to confirm that projects are progressing on time and to acceptable civil standards.
E-20. Phase III ends when deployed federal military forces are present in sufficient strength that no
additional forces are required to perform mission assignments. Further, Phase III ends with CBRNE effects
are reduced and conditions are set for transition to stabilizing operations in preparation for transition to civil
authorities or designated command.
PHASE IV—STABILIZE
E-21. Phase IV begins when the requirements for CBRNE consequence management response force
capabilities decline and the majority of assigned missions have been completed, or are under execution, and
no other significant CBRNE mission assignments are anticipated. The purpose of this phase is to allow the
joint task force to scale down operations. Determining whether federal military forces have met transition
criteria will require close coordination and day-to-day interaction with the primary agency. Forces begin
preparation of any special equipment and loaned items for turn in. Planning begins for movement to staging
areas for redeployment to home-station. Selective redeployment of forces that are no longer required for
operations may occur. Phase IV ends successfully when civil authorities can sustain consequence
management operations with reduced federal military support.
PHASE V—TRANSITION
E-22. Phase V begins with the transition of operational responsibilities to designated civil authority or
follow-on military forces. Civil authorities are postured for full recovery operations and have the ability to
accommodate surge requirements. Well before this phase begins, joint task force planners develop transition
criteria with specific measures of effectiveness for each mission assignment. As required, they modify
reporting formats to indicate readiness for transition. Resource managers should assign particular attention
to accountability for non-expendable items that are to be turned over to a civilian agency as part of
transition. Site clean-up and turnover of hazardous material protective items and equipment is coordinated
with federal, state, local authorities for disposition. Lessons learned and after action reports are completed.
Commanders review redeployment schedules and mode of transport details with their subordinates and
ensure that leaders understand the schedule and requirements for a safe and efficient redeployment. Forces
safely redeploy to home-station to reset and reconstitute.
E-23. The phase ends when the CBRNE consequence management response force has moved out of the
JOA and is released from USNORTHCOM command. Success in Phase V is achieved when federal
military forces have transitioned all operations back to civil authorities and redeployed to home station.
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FM 3-28 (Signature Draft—Not for Implementation)
E-7
Appendix E
CONSIDERATIONS
E-24. Deliberate or inadvertent CBRNE incidents are one of the great challenges facing the United States
today. Within the spectrum of potential CBRNE-related crises, a terrorist attack on U.S. soil presents
daunting challenges for civilian authorities. Unintentional CBRNE releases, whether the result of accidents
or natural events, could create similar catastrophes. CBRNE incidents may cause overwhelming loss of life,
extensive environmental and infrastructure devastation; and general service disruptions for long periods.
Such situations may occur at one or multiple locations, simultaneously or at various intervals, thus
overwhelming local resources.
E-25. Initial task organization for the task force should stress unit integrity above capability management.
The CBRNE consequence management response force brings together many different elements in a
dangerous environment with limited experience working with each other. Exercising command and control
through a familiar chain of command, using mission orders, will improve mission effectiveness, even
though it will appear to be less efficient. Whenever possible, commanders should specify a TACON or
support relationship between units from different components and services. This also simplifies logistical
support. As the operations progresses, subordinate elements will become accustomed to the mission and the
environment, and commanders may change the task organization more frequently. Other considerations
include:
z
Request and integrate experts in CBRNE training and operations. Use them to assess training and
mission preparation.
z
Strike a balance between mission accomplishment and risk. In order to evaluate the risks,
commanders need to understand the hazards. This often requires individual study and expert
advice. Some of the hazards will be difficult to understand, but commanders should press for
explanations until they are satisfied that they understand both what the experts know, and what
they don’t know. Require subordinates to become familiar with the risks associated with the
mission and the steps their subordinates need to take to mitigate potential hazards.
z
Stay flexible and be prepared to adapt to unforeseen circumstances. Keep in mind that previous
CBRNE incidents differ in many ways from the current mission, and that what the units find on
the ground may differ from what they expected.
z
Be prepared to deal with panic-stricken citizens, many of whom will be very difficult to control.
E-8
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Appendix F
Airspace Command and Control
This appendix provides guidance on civilian airspace control requirements and
military airspace command and control during civil support. Multiple organizations
use aircraft during disaster response operations. Army leaders and staff understand
and adapt air command and control procedures to operate effectively with other
organizations to reduce the chance of accident or injury.
F-1. Army aviation support for civil support operations includes air movement of logistics; transportation
of personnel and equipment; command and control support to federal, state, and local authorities; air
evacuation, and reconnaissance and surveillance support to civilian law enforcement operations. federal
military and National Guard aviation units support civil authorities for counterdrug programs, civil
disturbances, and border surveillance operations. Aviation support during disaster assistance concentrates
on air movement, medical evacuation, and command and control. Disasters may temporarily close ground
lines of communication due to debris or higher priority traffic. Large metropolitan areas may experience
traffic gridlock. Aviation units may include medium lift assets in the initial response to enhance distribution
of critical personnel, supplies, and equipment over these obstacles. Early aerial incident awareness of the
disaster area by federal, state, and local authorities helps to assess relief priorities.
AIRSPACE CONTROL
F-2. The guiding rule for airspace control in civil support operations is that the Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA) is always the airspace coordinating authority (ACA). The national airspace remains
under the control of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The airspace control plan developed by the
FAA for emergencies provides specific planning guidance and procedures that all organizations, civilians
and military, follow for airspace control during civil support operations. FEMA air operations branch has
guidance on aviation integration during incidents. For further information, query Disaster Air Operations
under the FEMA web site.
F-3. The airspace control plan is normally a separate document referenced in the National Response
Framework. Each state should have an airspace coordination plan (ACP) signed by the Adjutant General,
maintained by
1st Air Force. As required the Joint Forces Air Component Commander
(JFACC)
coordinates with the FAA and issues supplementary instructions to air commanders to accommodate
changes required for emergency operations by military aircraft.
F-4. The airspace coordination plan assumes that civilian air traffic control facilities and communications
will control all air traffic to provide visual and instrument flight rules separation. Federal military command
and control assets will augment FAA capabilities when an incident disrupts civilian air command and
control facilities. For large scale civil support operations, the military plan outlines airspace procedures for
assessment, search, rescue, recovery, and reconstitution operations for all military organizations. The
airspace coordination plan describes processes and procedures for the safe employment of air assets, both
military and civilian, operating within the rescue and recovery area. The airspace control plan is used for
other military operations within the scope directed by the JFACC.
F-5. The airspace coordination plan is directive for all assets, military or civilian, operating in or through
the designated disaster recovery area. Strict adherences to the airspace control plan, combined with FAA air
traffic procedures, are designed to ensure safe, efficient, and expeditious use of airspace while still allowing
all participants the ability or complete their respective mission. The air component command for
USNORTHCOM is Air Force North (AFNORTH - 1st Air Force headquartered at Tyndall Air Force Base
in Florida). The Air Tasking Order (ATO) is used to build and promulgate the plan and pass information for
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F-1
Appendix F
air support during a given period of time. Airspace control measures can be adjusted on a daily basis
according to mission requirements by making changes in the Special Instructions (SPINS) within the ATO.
To assist with coordination, all military and civil agencies and organizations will provide liaisons to the
JFACC, and all air activities will be coordinated with FAA representatives. While this is true for federal
military missions, AFNORTH offers the CRASS (Contingency Response Air Support Schedule) to all
agencies supporting disaster response operations. Participation is voluntary; civil and other federal agencies
are not required to participate with the CRASS, but are highly encouraged, as this makes the airspace safer
for everyone
F-6. The Regional Air Movement Coordination Center (RAMCC) located at Tyndall AFB, assists DOD to
provide assets and coordinate with the primary federal agency controlling disaster response predictability of
arrival of transient (originating outside the JOA) federal military air assets entering the Joint Area of
Operations (JOA). Federal military aircraft providing support based within the JOA will not be included
into the RAMCC.
F-7. Information flow during a major civil support operation can be challenging due to the rapidly
changing nature of the situation and the resources available. It is imperative that information flows freely
between the DOD and other participating agencies to ensure all units are operating on the most current
information. The JFO Aviation Branch is the new and correct structure at the federal level. The Aviation
Branch is designed to facilitate coordination of aviation support assets during disaster operations.
Note: States may still use the ACG concept if they choose to do so. States are ultimately
responsible for how they want to organize themselves during a disaster, but the ACG does not
exist at the federal level.
F-8. When an Army aircraft supports the DSCA mission, airspace control is transferred to the JFACC. All
military aircraft in the JOA, it will then be line-tasked in the ATO. For those assets not directly tasked by
the JFACC, applicable mission information appears in the Air Control Plan and SPINS section of the ATO
for command, control, and coordination purposes. All participating military aircraft adhere to the Air
Control Plan and applicable ATO SPINS.
JOINT AIRSPACE CONTROL
F-9. The daily air domain and civil support operations are conducted by AFNORTH (1st Air Force)
operating out of Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida. The 1st Air Force standing Air Operations Center is
carefully tailored and particularly suited for all homeland security operations taking place within the
USNORTHCOM area of responsibility. Additional tactical command and control systems (ground based or
airborne) may be required to deploy to the area based on the availability of the local communications and
command and control nodes.
Note: 1st Air Force controls military airspace within the USNORTHCOM AOR except in Alaska
where the 11 Air Force Combined Air Operations Center - Air (CAOC-A) supports JTF-Alaska.
F-10. 1st Air Force is responsible for coordinating DOD Search and Rescue (SAR) support within the
continental United States (See appendix G). In support of civil support operations, AFNORTH is prepared
to deploy multiple Air Component Coordination Element elements as well as additional liaison elements to
support other major commands.
F-11. Air National Guard air control squadrons provide operationally ready command and reporting center
mission control elements for support of theater air operations. These elements include radar surveillance
and tracking, radar service to tactical aircraft, supervision of subordinate deployed air control units, and
data-link of a combined air picture to higher headquarters.
F-12. Many U.S. Navy ships are well suited for air command and control support during civil support
operations. They possess robust communications capabilities. For example, Navy Tactical Air Command
F-2
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4 June 2010
Airspace Command and Control
and Control centers are located on amphibious naval assault ships. They are able to assist the JFACC in air
space planning, integration, and de-confliction of multiagency air assets.
F-13. A U.S. Marine air support squadron (MASS) provides a direct air support Center (DASC) cell for
coordination and control of aircraft operating in direct support of Marine Air Ground Task force (MAGTF).
The entire DASC, or a portion of this cell, may deploy for civil support operations.
F-14. F-14. USAF airborne warning and airspace control aircraft (AWACS) may deploy to provide a
detailed air picture to the airspace control authority. These airborne control centers can become the link
between the FAA controllers on the ground, working out of a military facility, and aircraft in and around the
incident site.
UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEMS
F-15. Unmanned aerial systems have become an indispensable combat multiplier for US forces in combat.
However, in civil support operations the FAA may severely restrict their use due to safety and control issues
associated with an unmanned aircraft. Therefore, the JFACC remains the approving authority for Army
unmanned aerial system missions; there is no ―free space‖ below coordinating altitudes for small tactical
systems. The approval of unmanned aerial system missions is not the JFACC, but the Secretary of Defense.
Deconfliction of airspace below the coordinating altitude is the responsibility of the FAA and local
authorities, unless the entire National airspace is put under military control. Army National Guard
unmanned aerial systems, with the approval of the Secretary of Defense, can be used in support of local
authorities. (See appendix H.)
F-16. Certain unmanned aerial systems such as Global Hawk can operate far above normal commercial
traffic while providing situation assessment to ground commanders. Intermediate systems such as the
Predator have supported recent disaster operations, dramatically increasing situational awareness at the field
office level. If available and authorized, these systems can provide real time surveillance to command posts
for extended periods. The approval process is not automatic. Requests for unmanned aerial system
surveillance support goes through the JFACC and joint task force to the Joint Field Office for Joint staff
approval. The JFACC coordinates with the FAA and includes the mission on the ATO when approved. The
FAA issues notices to airmen (NOTAM) as required.
PLANNING CHECKLIST
F-17. This guideline provides some of the primary considerations for airspace coordination in domestic
operations:
z
Locate and establish contact with the Air Component Coordination Element (ACCE) and air
command center.
z
Locate the Combined Air Operations Center (CAOC).
z
Identify who the centralized command is for all military air-assets and other federal air assets.
z
Locate and establish contact with the Joint Field Office (JFO) Aviation Branch
z
Get a copy of the airspace control plan and get Website addresses for updated information.
z
Locate the FAA representatives.
z
Find out what assets are JFACC controlled (such as Air Force, Army, and Navy) and non-JFACC
controlled (such as Coast Guard, Marine Corps, and foreign support assets).
z
Develop contacts with all supported and controlling agencies.
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F-3
Appendix G
Search and Rescue
This appendix provides an overview of search and rescue performed by Army forces
during civil support. It describes the general process used by federal military forces
for search and rescue, and provides a comparison between civilian search and rescue
and military efforts. The appendix then describes the specialized area of urban search
and rescue.
G-1. Search and rescue involves the use of available resources to assist persons and property in potential
or actual distress. As a participant in the National search and rescue plan, DOD provides federal military
support to civil search and rescue within the continental United States. The National search and rescue plan
supports standards prescribed in the International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue Manual,
various international agreements, and DOD policy; all of which provide the authoritative basis for military
participation in civil search and rescue efforts. The DOD provides this support only when it does not
interfere with ongoing military operations.
G-2. Types of search and rescue missions include mountain rescue, wilderness rescue, urban search and
rescue, combat search and rescue, air-sea rescue, and mass rescue operations. Conducting search and rescue
is hazardous and should only be undertaken by competent individuals under the supervision of instructors
skilled in the various functional disciplines in accordance with FEMA recognized established standards for
Search and Rescue personnel and equipment. Therefore the U.S. Government has developed a National
Search and Rescue plan to identify the roles and responsibilities of various agencies conducting or
supporting search and rescue.
SEARCH AND RESCUE INCIDENTS
G-3. The Air Force Rescue Coordination Center (AFRCC) at Tyndall AFB, FL, part of the First United
States Air Force, coordinates military support to search and rescue efforts within the United States. The
11th Air Force (Alaska Air National Guard) oversees search and rescue in Alaska. The Coast Guard also
oversees search and rescue in the United States maritime environment, including Hawaii. The National Park
Service has primary responsibility for search and rescue in national parks. State and local authorities
designate a search and rescue coordinator for their respective jurisdictions to work with the agency having
primary search and rescue responsibility. Each state coordinates search and rescue in a unique manner. The
AFRCC ties into to the Federal Aviation Administration's alerting system and the U.S. Mission Control
Center. In addition to the search and rescue satellite aided tracking information, the AFRCC computer
system contains resource files that list federal and state organizations which can conduct or assist in search
and rescue efforts throughout North America
G-4. While every search and rescue assignment is unique, search and rescue missions follows the pattern
discussed in the succeeding paragraphs. Response usually begins at the local level with first responders. If
the emergency (or disaster) is great enough, the local emergency manager requests assistance from the state.
G-5. Following the disaster, the local emergency manager requests assistance from the state, the state in
turn can request DOD assistance through the through the DCO. A hasty search and rescue recon may be
supported by federal military and state National Guard rotary wing, unmanned aerial systems, or Civil Air
Patrol assets. Coordination between DOD agencies allows prioritization of timely support to urgent needs.
The DOD Global Area Reference System (GARS) combines with with local search and rescue grid systems
to give a visual representation of areas where search and rescue has been completed.
4 June 2010
FM -3-28 (Signature Draft—Not for Implementation)
G-1
Appendix G
DISASTER RESPONSE AND CIVIL SEARCH AND RESCUE
G-6. Aspects of domestic disaster response and civil search and rescue tend to be confused. This is
because they overlap in certain aspects, such as responsible agencies and resources used, and both involve
emergency response. The following table points out some of the basic differences between disaster response
and search and rescue in a way that may be helpful to Army personnel involved in both operations.
However, it does not address how states or localities deal with these missions and their differences. Table
G-1 compares domestic disaster response and civil search and rescue.
Table G-1. Comparison of disaster response and civil search and rescue
Criteria
Disaster Response
Civil Search and Rescue
Nature of
Typically responds to events involving
Locates and rescues persons in distress
operations
large-scale loss of lives or property,
in land (wilderness, caves, and such),
with lifesaving efforts (mostly urban
maritime (mostly oceanic environment),
SAR).
and aeronautical (involving persons in
distress in aircraft on land or water)
First responders are rapidly
scenarios, including possible mass
overwhelmed and need substantial
rescue operations.
help from outside the affected area.
U.S. forces typically save 4,000-5,000
lives annually.
Main concept
Federal backup to the 28 states with
Divides globe into a patchwork of SAR
self-sufficient, deployable, urban SAR
regions, each with one RCC that
task forces.
arranges for SAR services within its
region.
Supplemented by mitigation and
recovery efforts.
Part of a global system of two
specialized bodies of United Nations.
Does not cover beyond 3 miles from
shore (for example, a sinking
passenger ship).
Caseload
Typically 5-12 cases annually.
Typically 40,000-50,000 cases annually.
Alerts or
May start with initial contact by a
Usually initiated automatically by
requests for
government official to FEMA or to a
communications equipment with distress
assistance
local, federal, or military entity for
alerting as a primary or secondary
assistance.
function (providing data to the
responsible RCC) or by person in
Either initially or eventually involves a
distress.
governor request to FEMA for a
―major disaster‖ declaration by the
President.
Common
Declared a disaster or emergency by
Received distress alert by any means.
basis for
the President based on request and
Default response responsibility is federal
federal
justification from a governor.
military except where other
involvement
Default response responsibility is with
arrangements are made, for example,
local and state authorities.
via agreements with states to handle
inland SAR.
Coordination
By a designated lead federal agency
By the responsible RCC, using own or
of federal
before a disaster declaration to
arranged local, national, or international
response
ensure unity of effort.
resources or by delegation based on
plans or agreements.
Often has involvement of local
military command or other federal
agency (for example, National Park
Service) before a disaster declaration
and by FEMA after such declaration.
Primary legal
The Stafford Act1, Presidential
NRF and agency-specific legislation
G-2
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4 June 2010
Search and Rescue
Criteria
Disaster Response
Civil Search and Rescue
authorities
Directives, the NRF, and authorizing
authorizing conduct or support of SAR.
legislation relevant to various federal
agencies (there are many) to provide
or support federal response.
Supplemental
NRF.
NPS2 available at www.uscg.mil/hq.
authorities
Implementing
Mainly the NIMS.
Mainly the IAMSAR Manual and the
guidance for
National Search and Rescue
NRF and
Supplement to the IAMSAR Manual.
NSP2
Terminology
Mainly per NRF and NIMS.
Mainly per IAMSAR Manual.
Primary
Department of Homeland Security
International Civil Aviation Organization,
policy and
and FEMA.
International Maritime Organization, and
oversight
the National Search and Rescue
authorities
Committee.
Typical
NIMS.
Mainly international SAR procedures at
operational
the federal level, with NIMS and incident
coordination
command system used mainly within (or
when coordinating with) state and local
levels.
RCC Langley also uses incident
command.
Compatibility
Disaster response is carried out per
SAR procedures achieve compatibility
of disaster
the NRF and civil SAR (including
with NIMS by assigning a SAR
response
mass rescue operations), if any.
representative to the incident
with SAR
SAR coordination is separate from
commander in the operations section of
the incident command post.
but ―plugs into‖ the NIMS command
structure.
Command
Incident commander of incident
SAR mission coordinator (usually in an
structure
command post or unified command.
RCC) and on-scene coordinator.
Factors
Primary responsibility for disaster
RCC Langley agreements with each
affecting
response belongs to state.
state.
involvement
State sovereignty, laws, plans, and
Various other agreements, where
of states
agreements.
appropriate.
State capabilities.
RCC plans.
Responsibilities assigned to state
NPS provides for states to assume
agencies.
aeronautical and maritime SAR
responsibilities that default to the federal
Interstate organizations for
government.
governors, emergency managers,
and so on.
Mutual-aid arrangements among
states.
Primary
Per Presidential Directives, all federal
The Coast Guard operates 10 RCCs and
civilian
agencies follow the NRF, with
arranges SAR services for waters
agencies
Department of Homeland Security
around the United States.
and FEMA as the lead.
National Park Service handles SAR in
national parks.
Primary supporting agencies are the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
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Appendix G
Criteria
Disaster Response
Civil Search and Rescue
Administration, Federal Communications
Commission, and National Aeronautics
and Space Administration.
Department
Defense support of civil authorities
Per NPS (not defense support of civil
of Defense
usually, but not limited to, actions
authorities), primary responsibility for
role
under the Stafford Act.
RCC functions in continental United
States (RCC Langley) and Alaska (RCC
Elmendorf); secondary support of civil
SAR in rest of the world; local military
commands have authority for immediate
response.
Search and
Mainly federal urban SAR task forces
For sea, aircraft and boats with SAR-
rescue units
deployed under the NRF to support
trained crews and specialized SAR
local efforts in the United States.
equipment, ships at sea, and all other
available resources.
For land SAR, mostly state and local
resources.
Funding
Mainly various types of funding
Agency-appropriated SAR; each entity
available under the Stafford Act.
funds own services.
No charge to survivors.
FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency
IAMSAR International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue
NIMS
National Incident Management System
NRF
National Response Framework
RCC
regional coordination center
SAR
search and rescue
Note1. The Stafford Act is the "Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act."
Note2. The National Search and Rescue Plan is ―The National Search and Rescue Plan of the United States.‖
Note3. Includes half of the North Atlantic and three-fourths of the North Pacific.
URBAN SEARCH AND RESCUE
G-7. Urban Search and Rescue (US&R) is defined as the process of searching for, extricating and
providing for the immediate medical treatment of victims trapped in collapsed structures. Urban search and
rescue falls under ESF#6 within the National Response framework. Urban search and rescue is dangerous
and highly specialized. Military units normally support the efforts of specialized urban search and rescue
teams and work under the direction of highly trained experts.
G-8. A major disaster, such as an earthquake, tornado, or a high yield explosion would result in a high
degree of devastation in urban areas. Substantial numbers of persons could be in life-threatening situations
requiring prompt rescue and medical care. Because the mortality rate will dramatically increase beyond 72
hours, search and rescue must begin immediately. Rescue personnel will encounter extensive damage to
buildings, roadways, public works, communications, and utilities. In an earthquake, aftershocks, secondary
events, and other effects such as fires, tsunami, landslides, flooding, and hazardous materials releases will
compound problems and may threaten both survivors and rescue personnel.
G-9. FEMA civilian urban search and rescue task forces, and other federal agencies, as well as DOD, will
provide support to state and local urban search and rescue operations under three execution phases, in
addition to Pre-Event Activities. The execution phases include Notification, Initial Response Actions, and
Continuing Actions. Because of the urgency to rescue trapped victims, the first two phases must be
accomplished within 72 hours of the event. After arriving at a disaster site, structural specialists (licensed
professional engineers) provide direct input to FEMA rescue task force members about the structural
integrity of buildings and the risk of secondary collapses when applicable. Search teams venture around and
into collapsed structures, shoring up structures and locating trapped personnel. Teams use electronic
listening devices, search cameras, and specially trained search dogs to locate victims. When a victim is
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located, the search group begins the task of breaking and cutting through the damaged structures to reach
victims. They stabilize and support the entry and work areas. Army engineers may participate in these
activities.
G-10. Medical teams, composed of trauma physicians, emergency room nurses, and paramedics provide
medical care for the victims as well as the rescuers, if necessary. A fully stocked mobile emergency room is
part of the task force equipment cache. Army medics may be required to enter the unstable interior of the
collapsed structure to render immediate aid. Throughout the effort, hazardous material specialists evaluate
the disaster site and decontaminate rescue and medical members who may be exposed to hazardous
chemicals or decaying bodies. Army chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high-yield-explosives
assets may be required.
G-11. Heavy rigging specialists direct the use of heavy machinery, such as cranes and bulldozers. These
specialists understand the special dangers of working in a collapsed structure and help to ensure the safety
of the victims and rescuers inside. Army engineers may be required. Technical information and
communication specialists ensure all team members can communicate with each other and the TF leaders,
facilitating search efforts and coordinating evacuation in the event of a secondary collapse. Army signal
corps assets may be required.
G-12. Logistics specialists handle the more than 16,000 pieces of equipment to support urban search and
extrication of the victims. The equipment cache includes such essentials as concrete cutting saws; search
cameras; medical supplies; and tents, cots, food, and water to keep the Task Force self-sufficient for 72 or
96 hours. Army sustainment assets may be required.
G-13. During Pre-Event Activities, DOD components and supporting federal agencies will plan support for
urban search and rescue, and as required, engage in training and other related activities in order to
expeditiously execute urban search and rescue. An example of this is the Army’s 911th Engineer Company
(Technical Rescue). It is the only unit in the Army that specializes in collapsed structure, vertical, confined
space, and mine rescue. The unit is located at Fort Belvoir, VA. The unit regularly trains with local, state,
and federal first responders in the NCR as part of Joint Force Headquarters-National Capital Region.
G-14. Notification Phase. Upon notification that a disaster has occurred which requires urban search and
rescue activities, FEMA will alert the Joint Director of Military Support (JDOMS) if they anticipate a need
for federal military assistance; the civilian urban search and rescue task forces; and the Department of
Health and Human Services (U.S. Public Health Service). Each civilian task force will alert its members
regarding activation. The JDOMS will designate a supported combatant commander and issue a warning
order to all supporting commanders.
G-15. Initial Actions Phase. FEMA Headquarters, the JDOMS, and the supported combatant commander
will assess the situation. Based on this analysis, the JDOMS will determine the allocation of civilian task
forces for the response. FEMA will activate the civilian task forces and direct them to deploy to the scene.
DOMS will evaluate alternatives and may direct the geographic combatant commander or USTRANSCOM
to move some civilian task forces by military aircraft. Other civilian task forces may move to the disaster
area by their own ground transportation.
G-16. The JDOMS will direct the supported combatant commander to execute urban search and rescue. The
CCDR will deploy one or more tailored joint task forces to control the federal military effort and conduct
basic and light urban search and rescue. Each joint task force will consist of a number of Medium and
Heavy Rescue Teams, Basic and Light Rescue Units, and service support. The Basic and Light Rescue Unit
is a military unit (it may be augmented with FEMA-sponsored civilian urban search and rescue specialists
and United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) personnel tasked to conduct basic and light urban
search and rescue.
G-17. The joint task force will receive its mission assignments from the defense coordinating officer
(DCO). The state coordinating officer (SCO) or the commonwealth or territorial counterpart, provides the
DCO with requirements for the urban search and rescue. The DCO coordinates these requirements with the
joint task force, which assigns urban search and rescue units to one or more specific jurisdictions. In each
jurisdiction, one or more local Incident Commanders will direct the specific operations of the subordinate
units of the joint task force. Continuing Actions Phase. The SCO may provide the DCO with additional
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Appendix G
requirements or change the priority for support. The DCO will coordinate with the joint task force to
provide civilian and/or military urban search and rescue units to other locations. If requested and made
available, foreign urban search and rescue teams will be integrated into the operation. Units will be
reassigned to other jurisdictions as required. Upon completion of the urban search and rescue mission, the
joint task force, if not needed for follow-on missions, will redeploy.
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Appendix H
Unmanned Aircraft Systems in Civil Support
This appendix addresses the use of unmanned aerial systems in civil support
operations. It identifies the basic types of systems and provides considerations for
their employment. This document uses Joint unmanned aerial systems Center of
Excellence group categories to distinguish between types of unmanned aerial
systems.
H-1. In full spectrum operations in different areas of the globe, the use of unmanned aircraft has grown
exponentially. However, within the United States and its territories, the use of unmanned aircraft is severely
restricted. Any use of unmanned aircraft systems must be approved at very high levels by both the
Department of Defense and the Federal Aviation Administration prior to employment in civil support
operations. This appendix provides some considerations for the employment of unmanned aircraft systems
in support of civil authorities.
TYPES OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS
H-2. Unmanned aircraft system (unmanned aerial systems) employment considerations vary among the
different types of systems. Army unmanned aerial systems that may be suitable for domestic operations
include Groups 1, 3, and 4. Group 1 unmanned aerial systems (e.g., Raven), by virtue of size and
portability, have limited range and ability to support large areas of operation. Normally man-pack portable,
hand-launched, and controlled with its own individual controller, the Group 1 unmanned aerial systems has
a normal range of less than 20 miles. Group 1 unmanned aerial system may be teamed with Unmanned
Ground Vehicles (UGV), utilizing the same controller for both the UGV and the unmanned aerial systems,
and may be tracked using Blue Force Tracker (BFT). Group 1 unmanned aerial systems have fairly limited
endurance (typically two hours or less). Simplicity of launch and recovery operations allows the unit to
employ Group 1 assets quickly, within constraints of airspace coordination. Group 3 unmanned aerial
systems (e.g., Shadow) require a fairly robust Command and Control (C2) and support element, but may
have employment advantages over larger unmanned aerial systems. Group 3 unmanned aerial systems are
normally launched from a catapult, have increased payloads/weapons capabilities, and are controlled by a
ground/shipboard control system. Based on weight, power, and size restrictions, this Group can be tracked
by either BFT or a transponder and becomes a combat multiplier utilizing manned-unmanned teaming.
Although still limited by Line of Sight (LOS) to the Ground Control Stations (GCS), Group 3-4 unmanned
aerial systemss can provide support in a larger geographic area than Group 1 unmanned aerial systems.
Group 4 (Hunter MQ-5B and Sky Warrior) increased size and capabilities over Group 1 unmanned aerial
systems requires increased airspace management requirements.
EMPLOYMENT CONSIDERATIONS
H-3. The preferred means of unmanned aerial systems employment during civil support is in direct support
of a civilian agency. In direct support, the military unit generating the unmanned aerial systems Missions
receives the tasks and priorities from the supported agency. The unmanned aerial systems collects the data
and the data is down linked to the military detachment, which in turn passes the information directly to the
supported agency. If required the military unit may provide on-site analysis of the data, but does not retain
the data once provided to the supported agency.
H-4. Utilization of unmanned aerial systems during civil support should be a last resort when manned
assets are not available or not practical. The driving force behind a decision to employ an unmanned aerial
system must be the capability required for the operation in question. These systems give the commander
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Appendix H
many capabilities, but in many cases unmanned aerial systems may not be the most efficient, timely, or
practical method of achieving the commander’s desired effect. There may be cases where a manned
platform can provide the desired capability in a much more timely and efficient manner. The decision to
employ unmanned aerial systems must be judicious. Unmanned aerial systems are well-suited for those
missions characterized as dull, dirty or dangerous. Dull missions are those where persistence or long on-
station dwell times are required. Persistence is one attribute that gives unmanned aerial systems an
advantage over manned systems. Dirty missions are those missions that risk contamination to the vehicle or
crew. An obvious application of a dirty mission is the CBRNE detection mission. Finally, dangerous
missions are those missions where there is substantial risk to the airframe and operator of the system. This
risk may come from an adversary or the environment itself. The ―dull, dirty or dangerous‖ standard is a
good rule of thumb for planners and commanders to use when considering unmanned aerial system
employment. The temptation to use unmanned aerial systems simply because they are available should be
avoided. The unmanned aerial system needs to be the best available asset that enables the commander to
provide the necessary capability.
MISSIONS
H-5. There are five missions normally associated with unmanned aerial systems during civil support:
provide incident awareness assessment (IAA); support search and rescue (SAR); support to civilian law
enforcement agencies; communications; and CBRNE detection.
H-6. Incident awareness assessment capabilities include Electro-optical (EO), Infra-red (IR) and Synthetic
Aperture Radar imagery, as well as Full Motion Video (FMV). Incident awareness and assessment
requirements are based on the nature of the support requested, and these requirements will derive from the
primary federal agency. For example, after an earthquake, the primary federal agency may wish to ascertain
the damage to a major highway running through the affected area for ground-based relief efforts. Broad area
and point damage assessments are also components of incident awareness and assessment and all activities
must be fully compliant with the Posse Comitatus Act, Intelligence Oversight policy, as well as other U.S.
laws and policies regarding the use of U.S. Armed Forces in a domestic setting. (See chapters 3 and 7)
H-7. Search and Rescue: In some situations, military forces supporting a search and rescue mission may
plan for the use of unmanned aerial systems platforms in concert with manned platforms and ground teams.
Unmanned aerial systems can perform the ―search‖ portion of this mission, locating and identifying victims
in need of rescue, while manned aircraft and ground systems can complete the mission by performing the
actual rescue. The use of unmanned aerial systems for surveillance and detection allows the manned aircraft
to concentrate on rescue of survivors.
H-8. Support to Civilian Law Enforcement Agencies: Any non-traditional use of intelligence assets or
capabilities must be approved by Secretary of Defense. This includes the use of unmanned aerial systems
with intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance capabilities, especially if domestic imaging is involved.
Army forces may provide unmanned aerial systems support to civilian law enforcement agencies (like the
Federal Bureau of Investigation or Drug Enforcement Agency) during counterterrorism, foreign
intelligence, counterintelligence, or counternarcotics support. However, all of these missions require
approval by the Secretary of Defense. Law and policy dictate permissible use of information and data
gathered by unmanned aerial systems operating in support of civilian law enforcement agencies. Each use is
subject to different authorities, procedures and law and policy limitations. All requests for military
unmanned aerial systems to support to civilian law enforcement agencies must be processed in accordance
with DODD 5525.5; DOD 5240.1-R, Procedure 12; and CJCSI 3710.01B, DOD Counterdrug Operations,
as appropriate.
H-9. Communications: Unmanned aerial systems can fill gaps and extend communication ranges within the
area of operations. For example, after a natural disaster cellular phone communications may be disrupted
due to power outages or antenna damage. Unmanned aerial systems could be employed to fill these gaps in
coverage, serving as airborne antennas. Communications relay services could also be provided by
unmanned aerial systems, extending the range of emergency first responder Land Mobile Radio systems.
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Unmanned Aircraft Systems in Civil Support
H-10. CBRNE: Unmanned aerial systems offer a significant advantage in CBRNE detection over manned
aircraft due to the danger involved and the risk of contamination to the aircraft. Unmanned aerial systems
could gather data used to identify and track toxicity plumes, radiation fields, or collect damage assessment
imagery without risk to human life. Additionally, decontamination of the unmanned aerial system is much
easier than with a manned aircraft.
COMMAND AND CONTROL
H-11. Command and control relationships for unmanned aerial systems operations should be defined in
advance of execution of the mission. In general, the controlling joint task force will typically exercise
operational control (OPCON) of the available unmanned aerial systems.
H-12. Unmanned aerial system operators supporting domestic missions should anticipate coordinating their
actions through the joint task force to supporting the Joint Force Air Component Commander (JFACC) and
be prepared for inclusion of their operations in the Air Tasking Order. Regardless of the nature of
operations, unmanned aerial systems command and control structures must be well-thought out (well in
advance, when possible), responsive to both operator and user inputs, and flexible enough to handle
changes to the operation. This is particularly important for re-tasking of unmanned aerial systems assets.
H-13. The JFACC will provide guidance regarding the Certification of Authorization approval process due
to their long-term relationship established with the FAA. Regardless of the status of a Certification of
Authorization application, active coordination with the FAA when planning to operate military unmanned
aerial systems in the domestic airspace of the United States cannot be overemphasized. Timely coordination
with the FAA will give the operator a greater chance of gaining approval to operate unmanned aerial
systems where and when required. In those instances where no pre-existing Certification of Authorization is
in place, a process is in place between JFACC and the FAA to expedite Certification of Authorization
approval for in extremis cases.
DISASTER SUPPORT
H-14. Prior to an incident with some warning (such as a hurricane) units with unmanned aerial systems
assets should evaluate the requirement and environment to determine whether unmanned aerial systems
operations will be available to support possible requests for assistance. Unmanned aerial systems normally
do not have the speed or the range to allow for operations directly from their home station. They must
deploy to a BSI near the incident area. Deployment considerations include site surveys for possible
operating locations. Planners should ensure unmanned aerial system operations are conducted at smaller or
remote sites, away from other disaster relief aircraft. Initial coordination for TFR or Certification of
Authorization should be staffed through the USNORTHCOM or USPACOM and then through the JFACC
to the FAA. An Army Regional Representative to the FAA is located at each of the FAA service centers to
provide day- to-day unmanned aerial systems coordination.
H-15. During an immediate response situation or the initial stages of a larger response, designated units
move their unmanned aerial systems to their operating locations. Additionally, units should be prepared to
meet and coordinate with local airspace users to facilitate safe operations within the unmanned aerial
systems operating area. Under ideal conditions, the FAA will issue a TFR for disaster relief operations that
authorize unmanned aerial systems operations. With or without a TFR, unmanned aerial systems operations
will require a Certification of Authorization from the FAA to conduct operations. Units should ensure an
additional site survey is conducted if their previously selected operating location sustained damage.
Additions, modifications, or changes to the final Certification of Authorization must be coordinated with the
JFACC for inclusion in the Airspace Control Plan and the Air Tasking Order.
H-16. In the aftermath of a disaster, the primary mission for unmanned aerial systems will become
assessment of the extent of the disaster. Additional unmanned aerial systems missions include conducting
initial damage assessment of critical locations and infrastructure, and identification of those areas hardest
hit. Unmanned aerial systems operations may be used to assist with locating and identifying personnel
requiring rescue. Unmanned aerial systems operations may provide critical information to law enforcement
agencies by providing persistent observation of critical facilities and affected areas.
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Appendix H
LIMITATIONS
H-17. There are numerous limitations involving unmanned aerial systems operations in United States. The
three most important are legal restrictions; FAA restrictions; and weather restrictions.
Legal Restrictions
H-18. Restrictions on the use of unmanned aerial systems in domestic operations are numerous. Use of
DOD intelligence capabilities for civil support missions, such incident awareness and assessment, damage
assessment, and search and rescue, requires prior Secretary of Defense approval, together with approval of
both the mission and use of the specific DOD Intelligence Community (IC) capabilities. Certain missions
may require not only approval of the Secretary of Defense, but also coordination, certification, and possibly,
prior approval by the Attorney General of the United States. Additionally, there are several DOD directives
and CJCS instructions covering military support to civil authorities. For example, DODD 3025.12, Military
Assistance for Civil Disturbances, DODD 5525.5, DOD Cooperation with Civilian Law Enforcement
Officials, and CJCSI 3710.01B, DOD Counterdrug Support may apply to domestic unmanned aerial
systems operations. The CJCS DSCA EXORD provides guidance on operational parameters and limitations
on use of DOD intelligence capabilities for DSCA missions. Further, per DOD Directive (DODD) 5525.5,
military systems are not to be used for surveillance and pursuit of individuals.
H-19. Currently, per the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) Interim Guidance for the Domestic Use
of Unmanned Aircraft Systems Memorandum, (28 Sep 06), all requests for unmanned aerial systems must
be approved by Secretary of Defense. Operators of unmanned aerial systems supporting civilian law
enforcement agencies must be cognizant of, and fully comply with, DOD Directive 5525.5 and any
operational parameters and limitations specified in the DSCA EXORD regarding collection, retention, and
dissemination of unmanned aerial systems sensor data and imagery. Operators cannot conduct surveillance
on specifically identified U.S. persons, unless expressly approved by the Secretary of Defense, consistent
with U.S. laws and regulations. Additionally, civilian law enforcement agencies will handle any data
collected by such surveillance operations. Finally, per current OSD guidance, National Guard forces
conducting domestic unmanned aerial systems operations will normally be in Title 10 status, unless the
Secretary of Defense determines Title 32 status is more appropriate.
Federal Aviation Administration Restrictions
H-20. By far the biggest challenge to operating unmanned aerial systems in the United States, its territories
and possessions is access to the National Airspace System (NAS). Since unmanned aerial systems are by
their very nature different from manned systems, unmanned aerial systems do not meet the same standards
for operations in the National Airspace System that are required for manned systems (the ability to ―see and
avoid‖ other aircraft, for example). In order to fly unmanned aerial systems in other than military restricted
airspace or warning areas, unmanned aerial systems operators must apply for a Certificate of Waiver or
Authorization
(Certification of Authorization) from the FAA granting specific permission to fly the
unmanned aerial systems in the National Airspace System. This Certification of Authorization process can
take up to 60 days, although work is underway to shorten this process. Emergency Certification of
Authorizations timeline can be reduced to hours if conditions dictate. Additionally, unmanned aerial
systems operators should be prepared to meet other FAA requirements such as qualification training for
operators and knowledge of the airspace regulations for the type of airspace the unmanned aerial systems
will operate in.
H-21. The Federal Aviation Administration will activate a Temporary Flight Restriction (TFR) in the
Vicinity of Disaster and Hazard Areas, or approved an Emergency Certification of Authorization for the
unmanned aerial systems to operate. Unmanned aerial systems operations within an approved TFR should
be added to the verbiage contained in the TFR. For operations outside the TFR, an additional Certification
of Authorization will be required.
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Weather Restrictions
H-22. Severe weather presents operational challenges to most unmanned aerial systems. Planners have to
carefully consider the weather in the intended area of operations to determine if manned systems are more
suitable for the desired mission. In-flight conditions such as icing, heavy precipitation or instrument
meteorological conditions at the launch and recovery site will likely preclude unmanned aerial systems
operations. Throughout the civil support mission, unmanned aerial systems employment depends on the
current and forecasted weather conditions of the affected area.
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Appendix I
Incident Command Sections and Support Functions
This appendix illustrates the joint field office manned for operations, with all
emergency support functions activated. This appendix provides a breakout diagram
of each section under the various incident command system functions.
Figure I-1. The fully manned joint field office
I-1. As the primary agency (normally FEMA) activates each emergency support function the lead agency
for that function provides personnel for the joint field office. In addition for personnel required for their
specific function, the ESF lead agency also assigns personnel as required to other functions and ICS staff
elements. (See table 2-1 for a listing of the 15 ESFs and their lead agencies.) Keep in mind that agencies
have both primary and support responsibilities within the National Response Framework. The Department
of Defense is a supporting agency for all ESFs except ESF #3, which is led by the United States Army
Corps of Engineers.
The Federal Government and many State governments organize much of their resources
and capabilities
- as well as those of certain private-sector and nongovernmental
organizations - under 15 Emergency Support Functions (ESFs). ESFs align categories of
resources and provide strategic objectives for their use.
During a response, ESFs are a critical mechanism to coordinate functional capabilities
and resources provided by Federal departments and agencies, along with certain
private-sector and nongovernmental organizations. ESFs may be selectively activated for
both Stafford Act and non-Stafford Act incidents where Federal departments or agencies
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Appendix I
request DHS assistance or under other circumstances. Not all incidents result in the
activation of ESFs.
ESFs may be activated to support headquarters, regional, and/or field activities. The
Incident Command System provides for the flexibility to assign ESF and other
stakeholder resources according to their capabilities, tasking, and requirements to
augment and support the other sections of the Joint Field Office
(JFO)/Regional
Response Coordination Center
(RRCC) or National Response Coordination Center
(NRCC) in order to respond to incidents in a more collaborative and cross-cutting
manner.
While ESFs are typically assigned to a specific section at the NRCC or in the JFO/RRCC
for management purposes, resources may be assigned anywhere within the Unified
Coordination structure. Regardless of the section in which an ESF may reside, that entity
works in conjunction with other JFO sections to ensure that appropriate planning and
execution of missions occur. For example, if a State requests assistance with a mass
evacuation, the JFO would request personnel from ESF #1 (Transportation), ESF #6
(Mass Care, Emergency Assistance, Housing, and Human Services), and ESF #8 (Public
Health and Medical Services). These would then be integrated into a single branch or
group within the Operations Section to ensure effective coordination of evacuation
services.
National Response Framework: Overview, January 2008
Figure I-2. The operations section of a joint field office
I-2. The operations section has the most incident resources. It develops and implements strategy and
tactics to carry out the incident objectives. The section expands from the bottom up.
z
Organizes, assigns, and supervises the tactical field resources.
z
Supervises air operations and those resources in a staging area.
z
Directs and coordinates all incident tactical operations.
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Incident Command Sections and Support Functions
z
Normally the first organizations to be assigned to the incident.
z
May include staging areas and special organizations.
Figure I-3. The plans branch of a joint field office
I-3. The planning section gathers, analyzes, and disseminates information and intelligence. The planning
section—
z
Manages the planning process.
z
Compiles the Incident Action Plan.
z
Manages Technical Specialists.
z
Maintains resource status.
z
Maintains and displays situation status.
z
Prepares the Incident Action Plan.
z
Develops alternative strategies.
z
Provides documentation services.
z
Prepares the Demobilization Plan.
z
Provides a primary location for technical specialists assigned to an incident.
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Appendix I
Figure I-4. The logistics section of a joint field office
I-4. The logistics section provides resources and services required to support incident activities. The
logistics section develops portions of Incident Action Plan and forwards them to Planning Section. The
section—
Contracts for and purchases goods and services needed at the incident.
z
Coordinates communications support.
z
Provides medical support to incident personnel.
z
Provides food for incident personnel.
z
Provides supplies.
z
Provides facilities.
z
Oversees ground support.
Figure I-5. The Finance and administration section of a joint field office
The finance & administration section handles financial transactions, accounting, and human resources support.
This includes—
z
Contract negotiation and monitoring;
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Incident Command Sections and Support Functions
z
Timekeeping;
z
Cost analysis and;
z
Compensation for injury or damage to property.
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Appendix J
AUTL Cross Walk for Stability and Civil Support
This appendix lists tactical tasks from The Army Universal Task List (AUTL) by
warfighting function and full spectrum operations related tasks. In table J-1, tasks
that apply in stability operations and civil support are shown with a white
background. Tasks that only apply to stability operations are shown light grey
shading. Tasks that only apply to civil support operations appear in dark grey with
white lettering. Table J-1 omits the tasks for the fires warfighting function because
none of these tasks applies directly to civil support or stability.
Table J-1. Stability and civil support AUTL cross walk
AUTL #
Title
Stability
Civil
Remarks
Support
1.1
Perform Tactical Actions Associated with
X
X
Force Projection and Deployment
1.1.1
Conduct Mobilization of Tactical Units
X
X
1.1.1.1
Conduct Alert and Recall
X
X
1.1.1.2
Conduct Home Station Mobilization
X
X
1.1.1.3
Conduct Mobilization Station Activities
X
X
1.1.2
Conduct Tactical
X
X
Deployment/Redeployment
1.1.2.1
Conduct Pre-deployment Activities
X
X
1.1.2.2
Conduct RSOI
X
X
1.1.2.3
Conduct Redeployment Activities
X
X
1.1.3
Conduct Demobilization of Tactical Units
X
X
1.1.4
Conduct Rear Detachment Activities
X
X
1.2.2.7
Conduct Actions on Contact
X
1.2.3
Employ Combat Patrols
X
1.2.4
Conduct Counter-ambush Actions
X
1.2.5
Exploit Terrain to Expedite Tactical
X
Movements
1.2.6
Cross a Danger Area
X
1.2.7
Linkup with Other Tactical Forces
X
X
1.2.9
Conduct a Relief in Place
X
X
1.2.10
Navigate From One Point to Another
X
X
1.2.12
Conduct Sniper Active Countermeasures
X
X
1.2.13
Conduct Sniper Passive Countermeasures
X
X
1.3
Conduct Tactical Troop Movements
X
1.3.1
Prepare Forces for Movement
X
X
1.3.1.1
Conduct Advance Party Activities
X
X
1.3.1.2
Conduct Quartering Party Activities
X
X
1.3.1.4
Conduct Pickup Zone Operations
X
X
4 June 2010
FM -3-28 (Signature Draft—Not for Implementation)
J-1
Appendix J
1.3.2
Conduct Tactical Road March
X
1.3.3
Conduct Tactical Convoy
X
1.4
Conduct Direct Fires
X
1.4.1
Conduct Lethal Direct Fire Against a
X
Surface Target
1.4.2
Conduct Nonlethal Direct Fire Against a
X
X
Nonlethal weapons
Surface Target
only
1.5
Occupy an Area
X
X
1.5.1
Occupy an Assembly Area
X
X
1.5.5
Conduct Landing Zone Operations
X
X
1.6
Conduct Mobility Operations.
X
X
1.6.1
Overcome Barriers, Obstacles, and Mines
X
1.6.1.1
Conduct Breaching Operations
X
1.6.1.2
Conduct Clearing Operations
X
X
1.6.1.2.1
Conduct Area Clearance
X
X
1.6.1.2.2
Conduct Route Clearance
X
X
1.6.1.3
Conduct Gap Crossing Operations
X
X
1.6.1.3.2
Conduct Line of Communications Gap
X
X
Crossing Support
1.6.2
Enhance Movement and Maneuver
X
X
1.6.2.1
Construct/Maintain Combat Roads and
X
X
Trails
1.6.2.2
Construct and Maintain Forward Airfields
X
X
and Landing Zones
1.6.3
Negotiate a Tactical Area of Operations
X
X
1.6.4
Provide Diver Support
X
X
1.6.5
Conduct Non-Tactical Movement
X
X
1.7.1
Site Obstacles
X
X
1.7.2
Construct, Emplace, or Detonate Obstacles
X
X
2.1
Support to Force Generation
X
2.1.1
Provide Intelligence Readiness
X
2.1.1.1
Perform Indications and Warnings
X
2.1.1.2
Ensure Intelligence Readiness Operations
X
X
IAW intelligence
oversight laws for civil
support
2.1.2
Establish Intelligence Architecture
X
X
IAW intelligence
oversight laws for civil
support
2.1.2.1
Conduct Intelligence Reach
X
X
IAW intelligence
oversight laws for civil
support
2.1.2.2
Develop/Maintain Automated Intelligence
X
X
IAW intelligence
Networks
oversight laws for civil
support
2.1.2.3
Establish and Maintain Access
X
X
IAW intelligence
oversight laws for civil
support
2.1.2.4
Create/Maintain Intelligence Databases
X
X
IAW intelligence
oversight laws for civil
support
J-2
FM 3-28 (Signature Draft—Not for Implementation)
4 June 2010
AUTL Cross Walk for Stability and Civil Support
2.1.3
Provide Intelligence Over watch
X
X
IAW intelligence
oversight laws for civil
support
2.1.4
Generate Knowledge
X
X
IAW intelligence
oversight laws for civil
support
2.1.4.1
Develop the foundation to Define Threat
X
Characteristics
2.1.4.2
Obtain Detailed Terrain Information and
X
X
IAW intelligence
Intelligence
oversight laws for civil
support
2.1.4.3
Obtain Detailed Weather and Weather
X
X
IAW intelligence
Effects Information and Intelligence
oversight laws for civil
support
2.1.4.4
Obtain Detailed Civil Considerations
X
X
IAW intelligence
Information and Intelligence
oversight laws for civil
support
2.1.4.5
Complete Studies
X
X
IAW intelligence
oversight laws for civil
support
2.1.4.5.1
Conduct Area, Regional, or Country Study
X
of a Foreign Country
2.1.4.5.2
Conduct Specified Study
X
X
IAW intelligence
oversight laws for civil
support
2.1.5
Tailor the Intelligence Force
X
X
IAW intelligence
oversight laws for civil
support
2.2
Support to Situational Understanding
X
X
IAW intelligence
oversight laws for civil
support
2.2.1
Perform Intelligence Preparation of the
X
X
IAW intelligence
Battlefield
oversight laws for civil
support
2.2.1.1
Define the Operational Environment
X
X
IAW intelligence
oversight laws for civil
support
2.2.1.2
Describe Environmental Effects on
X
X
IAW intelligence
Operations
oversight laws for civil
support
2.2.1.3
Evaluate the Threat
X
X
IAW intelligence
oversight laws for civil
support
2.2.1.4
Determine Threat Courses of Action
X
X
IAW intelligence
oversight laws for civil
support
2.2.1.5
Conduct Geospatial Engineering
X
X
IAW intelligence
Operations and Functions
oversight laws for civil
support
2.2.2
Perform Situation Development
X
X
IAW intelligence
oversight laws for civil
support
2.2.3
Provide Intelligence Support to Protection
X
X
IAW intelligence
oversight laws for civil
support
2.2.4
Provide Tactical Intelligence Over watch
X
2.2.5
Conduct Police Intelligence Operations
X
2.2.5.1
Collect Police Information
X
4 June 2010
FM 3-28 (Signature Draft—Not for Implementation)
J-3
Appendix J
2.2.5.2
Complete Police Information Assessment
X
2.2.5.3
Develop Police Intelligence Products
X
2.2.6
Provide Intelligence Support to Civil-Affairs
X
X
IAW intelligence
Operations
oversight laws for civil
support
2.3
Perform Intelligence, Surveillance, and
X
X
IAW intelligence
Reconnaissance
oversight laws for civil
support
2.3.1
Perform ISR Synchronization
X
X
IAW intelligence
oversight laws for civil
support
2.3.1.1
Develop Requirements
X
X
IAW intelligence
oversight laws for civil
support
2.3.1.2
Develop the ISR Synchronization Plan
X
X
IAW intelligence
oversight laws for civil
support
2.3.2
Perform Intelligence, Surveillance, and
X
X
IAW intelligence
Reconnaissance Integration
oversight laws for civil
support
2.3.2.1
Develop the Intelligence, Surveillance, and
X
X
IAW intelligence
Reconnaissance Plan
oversight laws for civil
support
2.3.2.2
Execute/evaluate and update the ISR Plan
X
X
IAW intelligence
oversight laws for civil
support
2.3.3
Conduct Reconnaissance
X
X
IAW intelligence
oversight laws for civil
support
2.3.3.1
Conduct a Route Reconnaissance
X
X
IAW intelligence
oversight laws for civil
support
2.3.3.2
Conduct A Zone Reconnaissance
X
X
IAW intelligence
oversight laws for civil
support
2.3.3.3
Conduct An Area Reconnaissance
X
X
IAW intelligence
oversight laws for civil
support
2.3.3.5
Conduct A Reconnaissance Patrol
X
X
IAW intelligence
oversight laws for civil
support
2.3.4
Conduct Surveillance
X
X
IAW intelligence
oversight laws for civil
support
2.3.5
Conduct Related Missions and Operations
X
X
IAW intelligence
oversight laws for civil
support
2.3.5.1
Establish a Mission Intelligence Briefing
X
X
IAW intelligence
and Debriefing Program
oversight laws for civil
support
2.3.5.1.1
Establish a Mission Intelligence Briefing
X
X
IAW intelligence
Plan
oversight laws for civil
support
2.3.5.1.2
Establish a Debriefing Plan
X
X
IAW intelligence
oversight laws for civil
support
J-4
FM 3-28 (Signature Draft—Not for Implementation)
4 June 2010
AUTL Cross Walk for Stability and Civil Support
2.3.5.2
Conduct Intelligence Coordination
X
X
IAW intelligence
oversight laws for civil
support
2.3.5.2.1
Establish and Maintain Technical Authority
X
X
IAW intelligence
and Channels
oversight laws for civil
support
2.3.5.2.2
Conduct Deconfliction and Coordination
X
X
IAW intelligence
oversight laws for civil
support
2.3.5.3
Support Sensitive Site Exploitation
X
2.3.5.4
Intelligence Support to Personnel Recovery
X
2.3.5.4.1
Conduct PR Focused Intelligence
X
Preparation of the Battlefield
2.3.5.4.2
Conduct Support to PR Planning,
X
Preparation, and Execution
2.4
Provide Intelligence Support to Targeting
X
and Information Superiority
2.4.1
Provide Intelligence Support to Targeting
X
2.4.1.1
Provide Intelligence Support to Target
X
Development
2.4.1.2
Provide Intelligence Support to Target
X
Detection
2.4.2
Provide Intelligence Support to Information
X
X
IAW intelligence
Tasks
oversight laws for civil
support
2.4.2.1
Provide Intelligence Support to Activities
X
Related to Information Engagement
2.4.2.1.1
Provide Intelligence Support to Public
X
Affairs
2.4.2.1.2
Provide Intelligence Support to
X
Psychological Operations
2.4.2.2
Provide Intelligence Support to Command
X
and Control Warfare (C2W)
2.4.2.3
Provide Intelligence Support to Electronic
X
Attack
2.4.2.4
Provide Intelligence Support to Information
X
X
IAW intelligence
Protection (IP)
oversight laws for civil
support
4.1
Provide Logistics Support
X
X
4.1.1
Provide Maintenance Support
X
X
4.1.1.1
Perform Preventative Maintenance Checks
X
X
and Services
4.1.1.2
Recover/Evacuate Disabled Equipment
X
X
4.1.1.3
Diagnose Equipment Faults
X
X
4.1.1.4
Substitute Parts
X
X
4.1.1.5
Exchange Parts
X
X
4.1.1.6
Repair Equipment
X
X
4.1.1.7
Return Repaired Equipment to the User
X
X
4.1.1.8
Provide Maintenance Management
X
X
4.1.2
Provide Transportation Support
X
X
4.1.2.1
Provide Movement Control
X
X
4.1.2.1.1
Provide Highway and Main Supply Route
X
X
Regulation
4 June 2010
FM 3-28 (Signature Draft—Not for Implementation)
J-5
Appendix J
4.1.2.1.2
Regulate Movement
X
X
4.1.2.1.3
Conduct Support to Movement Operations
X
X
4.1.2.2
Conduct Terminal Operations
X
X
4.1.2.2.1
Conduct Arrival and Departure Airfield
X
X
Control Group Activities
4.1.2.2.2
Conduct Trailer, Container, and Flatrack
X
X
Transfer Operations
4.1.2.2.3
Conduct Rail Transfer Operations
X
X
4.1.2.2.4
Conduct Marine Terminal Operations
X
X
4.1.2.3
Conduct Mode Operations
X
X
4.1.2.3.1
Move by Surface
X
X
4.1.2.3.2
Move by Air
X
X
4.1.2.3.3
Move by Water
X
X
4.1.3
Provide Supplies
X
X
4.1.3.1
Provide Subsistence (Class I)
X
X
4.1.3.2
Provide Clothing, Individual Equipment,
X
X
Tools, and Administrative Supplies (Class
II)
4.1.3.3
Provide Petroleum, Oil, and Lubricants
X
X
4.1.3.3.1
Provide Bulk Fuel
X
X
4.1.3.3.2
Provide Packaged Petroleum, Oils, and
X
X
Lubricants Products
4.1.3.3.3
Provide Petroleum Quality Assurance and
X
X
Quality Surveillance
4.1.3.3.5
Provide RETAIL Fuel
X
X
4.1.3.4
Provide Barrier and Construction Material
X
X
4.1.3.5
Provide Ammunition
X
X
4.1.3.5.1
Provide Munitions
X
4.1.3.5.2
Provide Separate Loading Munitions
X
4.1.3.5.3
Provide Pyrotechnic and Specialty Items
X
X
4.1.3.6
Provide Personal Demand Items
X
X
4.1.3.7
Provide Major End Items
X
X
4.1.3.8
Provide Medical Material and Repair Parts
X
X
4.1.3.9
Provide Repair Parts
X
X
4.1.3.10
Provide Supplies for Civilian Use
X
X
4.1.3.11
Provide Water Support
X
X
4.1.3.11.1
Purify Water
X
X
4.1.3.11.2
Provide Packaged Water
X
X
4.1.3.12
Provide Miscellaneous Supplies
X
X
4.1.3.13
Conduct Forward Arming and Refueling
X
X
Point Activities
4.1.3.15
Provide Supply Management
X
X
4.1.3.15.1
Request Supplies
X
X
4.1.3.15.2
Receive Supplies
X
X
4.1.3.15.3
Procure Supplies
X
X
4.1.3.15.4
Issue Supplies
X
X
4.1.3.16
Salvage and Retrograde Equipment and
X
X
Materiel
J-6
FM 3-28 (Signature Draft—Not for Implementation)
4 June 2010
AUTL Cross Walk for Stability and Civil Support
4.1.3.17
Prepare Configured Loads
X
X
4.1.4
Provide field Services
X
X
4.1.4.1
Conduct Mortuary Affairs
X
X
4.1.4.2
Conduct Aerial Delivery Support
X
X
4.1.4.3
Provide Base Camp Sustainment
X
X
4.1.4.3.1
Provide Clothing and Textile Repair Support
X
X
4.1.4.3.2
Provide Hygiene Support
X
X
4.1.4.3.3
Provide Nutrition Support
X
X
4.1.4.3.4
Provide General Purpose Shelters and
X
X
Systems
4.1.5
Provide Contracting Support
X
X
4.1.5.1
Request Contracting Support
X
X
4.1.5.2
Provide Logistics Civilian Augmentation
X
Program (LOGCAP) Support
4.1.6
Provide Distribution
X
X
4.1.6.1
Conduct Distribution Management
X
X
4.1.6.2
Provide In transit Visibility (ITV)/Asset
X
X
Visibility (AV)
4.1.6.3
Conduct Unit Logistics Package Operations
X
X
4.1.6.4
Establish Hub/Node
X
X
4.1.6.4.1
Conduct APOD Operations
X
X
4.1.6.4.2
Conduct SPOD Operations
X
X
4.1.6.4.3
Conduct Hub Operations
X
X
4.1.7
Provide General Engineer Support
X
X
4.1.7.1
Restore Damaged Areas
X
X
4.1.7.2
Construct and Maintain Sustainment Lines
X
X
of Communications
4.1.7.2.1
Construct and Maintain Roads and
X
X
Highways
4.1.7.2.2
Construct and Maintain Over-the-Shore
X
X
Facilities
4.1.7.2.3
Construct and Maintain Ports
X
4.1.7.2.4
Construct and Maintain Railroad Facilities
X
4.1.7.2.5
Construct and Expand Airfield Facilities
X
4.1.7.2.6
Construct and Maintain Pipelines and Tank
X
Farms
4.1.7.2.7
Construct and Maintain Standard and
X
Nonstandard Fixed Bridges
4.1.7.3
Provide Engineer Construction Support
X
X
4.1.7.4
Supply Mobile Electric Power
X
X
4.1.7.5
Provide Facilities Engineering Support
X
X
4.1.7.5.1
Provide Waste Management
X
X
4.1.7.5.2
Acquire, Manage, and Dispose of Real
X
X
Estate
4.1.7.5.3
Provide Fire-Fighting Support
X
X
4.1.7.5.4
Construct, Manage, Maintain Bases and
X
X
Installations
4.2
Provide Personnel Services Support
X
X
4.2.1
Provide Human Resource Support
X
X
4 June 2010
FM 3-28 (Signature Draft—Not for Implementation)
J-7
Appendix J
4.2.1.1
Man the Force
X
X
4.2.1.1.1
Perform Personnel Readiness Management
X
X
4.2.1.1.2
Conduct Personnel Accounting and
X
X
Strength Reporting
4.2.1.1.2.1
Conduct Personnel Accounting
X
X
4.2.1.1.2.2
Conduct Strength Reporting
X
X
4.2.1.1.3
Provide Personnel Information
X
X
Management
4.2.1.1.4
Conduct Reception, Replacement, Return-
X
X
to-Duty Operations, Rest and Recuperation
and Redeployment Operations
4.2.1.2
Provide Human Resource Services
X
X
4.2.1.2.1
Conduct Casualty Operations
X
X
4.2.1.2.2
Perform Essential Personnel Services
X
X
4.2.1.2.2.1
Provide Identification Documents
X
X
4.2.1.2.2.2
Operate Award and Decorations Programs
X
X
4.2.1.2.2.3
Provide Promotions and Reduction Support
X
X
4.2.1.2.2.4
Control Personnel Evaluations
X
X
4.2.1.2.2.5
Operate Leave and Pass Program
X
X
4.2.1.2.2.6
Complete Line of Duty Investigations
X
X
4.2.1.2.2.7
Conduct Military Pay Transactions
X
X
4.2.1.3
Provide Personnel Support
X
X
4.2.1.3.1
Conduct Human Resource Programs
X
X
4.2.1.3.2
Conduct Postal Operations
X
X
4.2.1.3.3
Provide Morale, Welfare, and Recreation
X
X
and Community Support Activities
4.2.1.3.4
Conduct Retention Operations
X
X
4.2.1.4
Conduct Human Resource Planning and
X
X
Operations
4.2.1.4.1
Perform Human Resource Planning and
X
X
Mission Preparation
4.2.1.4.2
Operate Human Resource Command and
X
X
Control Nodes
4.2.2
Provide Financial Management Support
X
X
4.2.2.1
Provide Support to the Procurement
X
X
Process
4.2.2.2
Provide Limited Pay Support
X
X
4.2.2.3
Provide Disbursing Support
X
X
4.2.2.4
Provide Accounting Support
X
X
4.2.2.5
Provide Banking and Currency Support
X
4.2.2.6
Develop Resource Requirements
X
X
4.2.2.7
Provide Support to Identify, Acquire,
X
X
Distribute and Control Funds
4.2.2.8
Provide Support to Track, Analyze and
X
X
Report Budget Execution
4.2.2.9
Conduct Financial Management Planning
X
X
and Operations
4.2.3
Provide Legal Support
X
X
4.2.3.1
Provide Military Judge Support
X
Installation task
J-8
FM 3-28 (Signature Draft—Not for Implementation)
4 June 2010
AUTL Cross Walk for Stability and Civil Support
4.2.3.2
Provide Trial Defense Support
X
Installation task
4.2.3.3
Provide International Law Support
X
Installation task
4.2.3.4
Provide Administrative and Civil Law
X
X
Support
4.2.3.5
Provide Contract and Fiscal Law Support
X
X
4.2.3.6
Provide Claims Support
X
X
4.2.3.7
Provide Legal Assistance
X
X
4.2.4
Provide Religious Support Operations
X
X
4.2.4.1
Deliver Religious Services
X
X
4.2.4.2
Provide Spiritual Care and Counseling
X
X
4.2.4.3
Provide Religious Support to the Command
X
X
4.2.4.4
Provide Rites, Sacraments, and Ordinances
X
X
4.2.4.5
Coordinate Military Religious Support
X
X
4.2.4.6
Provide Religious Crisis Response
X
X
4.2.4.7
Provide Religious Management and
X
X
Administrative Support
4.2.4.8
Provide Religious Education
X
X
4.2.5
Provide Band Support
X
X
4.3
Provide Health Service Support
X
X
4.3.1
Provide Combat Casualty Care
X
4.3.1.1
Provide Medical Treatment (Organic and
X
X
Area Medical Support)
4.3.1.2
Provide Hospitalization
X
X
4.3.1.3
Provide Dental Services
X
X
4.3.1.4
Provide Clinical Laboratory Services
X
X
4.3.1.5
Provide Behavioral Health/Neuropsychiatric
X
X
Treatment
4.3.2
Provide Medical Evacuation (Air/Ground)
X
X
4.3.3
Provide Medical Regulating Support
X
X
4.3.4
Provide Medical Logistics
X
X
4.3.4.1
Provide Medical Equipment Maintenance
X
X
and Repair
4.3.4.2
Provide Optical Fabrication
X
X
4.3.4.3
Supply Blood and Blood Products
X
X
4.4
Conduct Internment/Resettlement
X
Operations
4.4.1
Perform Detainee Operations
X
4.4.2
Perform Enemy Prisoner of War Operations
X
4.4.3
Conduct Resettlement Operations
X
5.1
Execute the Operations Process
X
X
5.1.1
Plan Operations
X
X
5.1.1.1
Conduct the Military Decision Making
X
X
Process
5.1.1.1.1
Receive the Mission
X
X
5.1.1.1.2
Perform Mission Analysis
X
X
5.1.1.1.3
Develop Courses of Action
X
X
5.1.1.1.4
Analyze Courses of Action
X
X
5.1.1.1.5
Compare Courses of Action
X
X
4 June 2010
FM 3-28 (Signature Draft—Not for Implementation)
J-9
Appendix J
5.1.1.1.6
Approve Course of Action
X
X
5.1.1.1.7
Produce plans and orders
X
X
5.1.1.2
Integrate Requirements and Capabilities
X
X
5.1.1.3
Develop Commander’s Critical Information
X
X
Requirements Recommendations (CCIR)
5.1.1.4
Establish Target Priorities
X
5.1.1.5
Integrate Space Capabilities
X
X
5.1.2
Prepare for Tactical Operations
X
X
5.1.2.1
Establish Coordination and Liaison
X
X
5.1.2.2
Perform Rehearsals
X
X
5.1.2.3
Task Organize for Operations
X
X
5.1.2.4
Revise the Plan
X
X
5.1.2.5
Conduct Pre-operations Checks and
X
X
Inspections
5.1.2.6
Integrate New Units and Soldiers into the
X
X
Force
5.1.3
Execute Tactical Operations
X
X
5.1.3.1
Perform Ongoing Functions
X
X
5.1.3.1.1
Focus Assets on Decisive Operation
X
X
5.1.3.1.2
Adjust CCIR and EEFI
X
X
5.1.3.1.3
Adjust Graphic Control Measures
X
X
5.1.3.1.4
Manage Sustainment Force Positioning
X
X
5.1.3.1.5
Manage Use and Assignment of Terrain
X
X
5.1.3.1.6
Maintain Synchronization
X
X
5.1.3.1.7
Control Tactical Airspace
X
FAA maintains
Airspace Control;
Military may do
airspace coordination
5.1.3.1.8
Control a Tactical Insertion of Forces
X
5.1.3.2
Perform Planned Actions, Sequels, and
X
X
Branches
5.1.3.3
Adjust Resources, Concept of Operations,
X
X
or Mission
5.1.3.4
Synchronize Actions to Produce Maximum
X
X
Effective Application of Military Power
5.1.3.4.1
Coordinate Actions Within a Staff Section
X
X
5.1.3.4.2
Synchronize Actions Among Staff Sections
X
X
(Coordinating, Special, and Personal)
5.1.3.4.3
Review Orders of Subordinate
X
X
Organizations
5.1.3.4.4
Synchronize Force Operations
X
X
5.1.3.5
Conduct Transitions
X
X
5.1.4
Assess Tactical Situation and Operations
X
X
5.1.4.1
Monitor Situation or Progress of Operations
X
X
5.1.4.2
Evaluate Situation or Operation
X
X
5.1.4.2.1
Develop Running Estimates
X
X
5.1.4.2.2
Evaluate Progress
X
X
5.2
Conduct Command Post Operations
X
X
5.2.1
Conduct Command Post Operations
X
X
J-10
FM 3-28 (Signature Draft—Not for Implementation)
4 June 2010
AUTL Cross Walk for Stability and Civil Support
5.2.1.1
Organize People, Information Management
X
X
Procedures, and Equipment and Facilities
5.2.1.2
Organize Command Post to Support
X
X
Command and Control Functions
5.2.1.3
Establish or Revise Standing Operating
X
X
Procedures
5.2.2
Displace the Command Post
X
X
5.2.2.1
Prepare the Command Post for
X
X
Displacement
5.2.2.2
Select, Reconnoiter, and Evaluate the New
X
X
Command Post Location
5.2.2.3
Occupy the New Command Post Location
X
X
5.2.2.4
Transfer Command and Control Functions
X
X
During Displacement
5.2.3
Execute Sleep Plans
X
X
5.2.4
Manage Stress
X
X
5.2.5
Maintain Continuity of Command and
X
X
Control
5.3
Integrate Information Superiority
X
X
Contributors
5.3.1
Integrate Information Engagement
X
X
Capabilities
5.3.1.1
Conduct Leader and Soldier Engagement
X
X
5.3.1.2
Conduct Psychological Operations
X
5.3.1.3
Provide Visual Information Support
X
X
5.3.1.4
Conduct Operations in Support of
X
Diplomatic Efforts
5.3.2
Conduct Military Deception
X
5.3.3
Facilitate Situational Understanding
X
X
Through Knowledge Management
5.3.4
Manage Tactical Information and Data
X
X
5.3.5
Establish a Tactical Information Network
X
X
Add condition / task:
and System
establish interoperable
systems with civilian
responders
5.3.5.1
Conduct Network Operations
X
X
5.3.5.2
Collect Relevant Information
X
X
5.3.5.2.1
Collect Friendly Force Information
X
X
Requirements
5.3.5.2.2
Integrate Intelligence Products
X
X
IAW intelligence
oversight laws for civil
support
5.3.5.2.3
Assess quality of Collected Information
X
X
IAW intelligence
oversight laws for civil
support
5.3.5.2.4
Process Relevant Information to Create a
X
X
IAW intelligence
COP
oversight laws for civil
support
5.3.5.2.5
Display a COP Tailored to User Needs
X
X
5.3.5.2.6
Store Relevant Information
X
X
IAW intelligence
oversight laws for civil
support
5.3.5.2.7
Disseminate COP and Execution
X
X
Information
4 June 2010
FM 3-28 (Signature Draft—Not for Implementation)
J-11
Appendix J
5.3.5.2.8
Communicate with Non-English Speaking
X
Forces and Agencies
5.3.6
Conduct Electromagnetic Spectrum
X
Management Operations
5.3.6.1
Perform Spectrum Management
X
X
5.3.6.2
Perform Frequency Assignment
X
X
5.3.6.3
Perform Host Nation Electromagnetic
X
Spectrum Coordination
5.3.6.4
Monitor Spectrum Management Policy
X
X
Adherence
5.4
Conduct Civil-Military Operations
X
X
5.4.1
Provide Interface/Liaison between U.S.
X
X
Military Forces and Local
Authorities/Nongovernmental Organizations
5.4.2
Locate and identify Population Centers
X
X
5.4.3
Identify Local Resources/Facilities/Support
X
X
5.4.4
Advise Commanders of Obligations to
X
X
Civilian Population
5.4.5
Conduct Negotiations With and Between
X
X
Other Governmental and Nongovernmental
Organizations
5.4.6
Conduct Civil Affairs Operations
X
X
5.4.6.1
Provide Public Legal Support
X
5.4.6.1.1
Provide Support to Indigenous judicial
X
Systems
5.4.6.1.2
Provide Property Control Support
X
5.4.6.2
Provide Economic and Commerce Support
X
5.4.6.2.1
Provide Food and Agricultural Support
X
5.4.6.2.2
Provide Civilian Supply Support
X
X
5.4.6.3
Provide Infrastructure Support
X
X
5.4.6.3.1
Provide Public Communications Support
X
X
5.4.6.3.2
Provide Public Transportation Support
X
X
5.4.6.3.3
Provide Public Works and Facilities Support
X
X
USACE
5.4.6.4
Provide Government Support
X
X
5.4.6.4.1
Provide Public Safety Support
X
X
5.4.6.4.2
Provide Public Administration Support
X
5.4.6.5
Provide Health and Welfare Support
X
X
5.4.6.5.1
Provide Public Health Support
X
X
5.4.6.5.2
Provide Cultural Relations Support
X
5.4.6.5.3
Resettle Dislocated Civilians
X
X
5.4.6.5.4
Provide Arts, Monuments, and Archives
X
Support
5.4.6.6
Provide Public Education and Information
X
Support
5.4.6.6.1
Provide Public Education Support
X
5.4.6.6.2
Provide Civil Information Support
X
X
5.5
Execute Command Programs
X
X
5.5.1
Support the Commander’s Leadership
X
X
Responsibilities for Morale, Welfare, and
Discipline
J-12
FM 3-28 (Signature Draft—Not for Implementation)
4 June 2010
AUTL Cross Walk for Stability and Civil Support
5.5.1.1
Determine Morale and Moral Climate of
X
X
Organization
5.5.1.2
Establish and Maintain Discipline
X
X
5.5.1.2.1
Provide Law and Order
X
X
5.5.1.2.2
Perform Law Enforcement
X
X
5.5.1.2.3
Conduct Criminal Investigations
X
X
5.5.1.2.4
Intern U.S. Military Prisoners
X
Installation task in US
5.5.1.2.5
Provide Customs Support
X
X
5.5.1.2.6
Provide Straggler Movement Control
X
5.5.1.3
Provide Military Justice Support
X
X
5.5.1.4
Provide Operational Law
X
X
5.5.1.5
Train Subordinates and Units
X
X
5.5.1.5.1
Develop Mission Essential Task List
X
X
5.5.1.5.2
Plan Training
X
X
5.5.1.5.3
Prepare for Training
X
X
5.5.1.5.4
Execute Training
X
X
5.5.1.5.5
Assess Training
X
X
5.5.2
Preserve Historical Documentation and
X
X
Artifacts
5.5.2.1
Collect Historical Documentation and
X
X
Artifacts
5.5.2.2
Protect Historical Documents and Artifacts
X
X
5.5.2.3
Prepare Historical Reports of Military
X
X
Operations
5.5.2.4
Ship Historical Documents and Artifacts
X
X
5.5.3
Conduct Official Ceremonial, Musical,
X
X
Public, and Special Events
5.5.4
Develop a Command Environmental
X
X
Program
5.6
Integrate Space Operations
X
X
5.6.1
Provide Space Force Enhancement
X
X
5.6.1.1
Provide Space Based Position, Navigation,
X
X
and Timing Support
5.6.1.2
Provide Reconnaissance and Surveillance
X
X
IAW intelligence
Support
oversight laws for civil
support
5.6.1.3
Provide Satellite Communications Support
X
X
5.6.1.4
Provide Weather and Environmental
X
X
Monitoring Support
5.6.3
Provide Army Space Control
X
X
5.6.4
Provide SpaceSituational Awareness
X
X
5.6.5
Coordinate Army Space Capabilities
X
X
5.7
Conduct Public Affairs Operations
X
X
5.7.1
Plan Public Affairs Operations
X
X
5.7.2
Execute Information Strategies
X
X
5.7.3
Facilitate Media Operations
X
X
5.7.4
Maintain Community Relations
X
X
5.7.5
Conduct Internal Information Program
X
X
4 June 2010
FM 3-28 (Signature Draft—Not for Implementation)
J-13

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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