FM 3-11.4 MULTISERVICE TACTICS, TECHNIQUES, AND PROCEDURES FOR NUCLEAR, BIOLOGICAL, AND CHEMICAL (NBC) PROTECTION (June 2003) - page 6

 

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FM 3-11.4 MULTISERVICE TACTICS, TECHNIQUES, AND PROCEDURES FOR NUCLEAR, BIOLOGICAL, AND CHEMICAL (NBC) PROTECTION (June 2003) - page 6

 

 

Table G-1. NBC Defense Equipment (Continued)
Item Nomenclature
NSN
Collective Protection
Filter Unit, Gas Particulate (400 cfm)
4240-00-237-0223
Filter Unit, Gas Particulate
4240-01-149-1719
Filter Unit, Gas Particulate (400 cfm)
4240-01-192-7234
Filter Unit, Gas Particulate (100 cfm)
4240-01-231-6515
Filter Unit, Gas Particulate (200 cfm)
4240-01-274-6355
Filter Unit, Gas Particulate (400 cfm)
4240-01-274-6356
Radiac Equipment
Charger, Radiac Detector (PP-1578/PD)
6665-00-542-1177
Container Adapter A
6665-01-077-2986
Radiac meter (IM-911/PD)
6665-00-243-8199
Radiac meter
6665-00-752-7759
Radiac meter
6665-01-330-7520
Radiac Set (AN/UDR-13)
6665-01-407-1237
Radiac meter
6665-00-999-5145
Radiac meter
6665-01-056-7422
Radiac Set (AN/PDR- 27A)
6665-00-526-5334
Radiac Set (AN/PDR-27J)
6665-00-543-1435
Radiac Set(AN/PDR-27G)
6665-00-543-1443
Radiac Set (AN/PDR-27L)
6665-00-856-3456
Radiac Set (AN/PDR-27Q)
6665-00-017-8903
Radiac Set (AN/PDR-27P)
6665-00-975-7222
Radiac Set
6665-01-080-4418
Radiac Set (AN/PDR-60)
6665-00-965-1516
Radiac Set
6665-01-113-9530
Radiac Set
6665-01-211-4217
Radiac Detector
6665-01-043-2191
Radiac Set (AN/VDR-2)
6665-01-222-1425
BOI: Prescribed by service logistics publications/directives.
G-13
Appendix H
WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION THREATS USING POSTAL
MAIL/PACKAGES
1.
Background
This appendix provides guidance on steps to take when and if a suspect letter/package
is received opened or unopened. Recent criminal and/or terrorist events/threats involving
the mail system have prompted personnel to be alert for and recognize suspicious parcels
and letters as a FP initiative. Becoming familiar with the characteristics of suspect parcels
can help avert a tragedy.
2.
Possible Indicators and Characteristics of Suspect Mail/Packages
Any suspicious looking package or letter should be considered a potential bomb/hazard
and should be treated accordingly. Possible indicators may include—
Inaccurate addressee name or title.
Fictitious or unavailable return address.
No return address.
Handwritten or poorly-typed address.
Distorted handwriting or name and address prepared with homemade labels or
cut-and-paste lettering.
Misspelled common words.
Restrictive markings such as “personal” or “confidential.”
Protruding wires, aluminum foil, or oil stains.
Excessive weight or a feeling of powdery substance or liquid on the package.
Peculiar smell emitting from the package.
Cancelled postmark being from a different location than the return address.
Excessive postage.
Rigidness, unevenness, or lopsidedness.
H-1
Unprofessional wrapping with several combinations of tape used to secure the
package. May be endorsed “Fragile—Handle With Care” or “Rush—Do Not Delay.”
Irregular shape, soft spots, or bulges.
Sloshing sound.
Pressure or resistance being felt when removing contents.
3.
Handling Instructions
a.
Suspicious, unopened letter/package.
(1)
Do not open the letter/package.
(2)
Isolate and contain the letter/package immediately. Do not touch, shake, or
tear it open.
(3)
Leave the room, and close the door or section off the area to prevent others
from entering.
(4)
Contact the supervisor, law enforcement officials, and the specialists for
help and to report the location and description of the letter/package.
(5)
Wash your hands with soap and water if contact with the outside of the
letter/package is made.
(6)
Start a list of names and telephone numbers of all persons who have
handled the letter/package. Give the list to law enforcement officials for follow-up
investigations and advice.
(7)
Wait for help to arrive.
b.
Opened letter/package that contains a powdery substance.
(1)
If the letter has already been opened and powder spills out, do not clean it
up or brush it off clothing. Do not disturb the package any further. Do not pass the
package around. Keep others away from the area.
(2)
Cover the letter/package with cloth, plastic, paper, or a container, if
conditions permit, to limit and/or contain aerosolization of the powder. (This must be
performed with resources located in the immediate vicinity without leaving the room and in
less than a minute, so improvise. If the letter/package cannot be covered, exit the area
immediately.)
(3)
Leave the contaminated area, go to a clean isolated area, and close off the
area to limit access to the package. Lock the room, and/or leave a guard outside. Place a
sign explaining the emergency, and restrict access/entrance into the contaminated area.
H-2
(4)
Keep your hands away from your face to avoid contaminating eyes, nose, or
mouth.
(5)
Wash hands with soap and water and flush eyes with water immediately
(without leaving the area).
(6)
Shut down the building ventilation system, and turn off fans and
equipment that are circulating air around the workspace if possible. This will minimize
aerosolization of the substance.
(7)
Notify the supervisor, law enforcement officials, and other emergency
response personnel.
(8)
Notify local, county, and state health officials.
(9)
Ensure that all persons who have handled the letter/package wash their
hands.
(10) Start a list of names and telephone numbers of all personnel who have
handled the letter/package.
(11) Give potentially exposed persons information about the signs and
symptoms of illness associated with the biological agent and who to contact and where to go
if illness develops.
(12) Place all clothing items worn when in contact with the letter/package into
plastic bags. Keep the bags with you at all times to maintain the chain of custody and
control of the contaminated clothing and to limit the spread of contamination. Turn the
bags over to law enforcement officials for necessary disposition and medical analysis.
(13) Shower with soap and water as soon as possible (ensure that all exposed
skin is washed and rinsed to remove contamination, and rinse your eyes with clear water).
Do not use bleach or disinfectant on skin.
c.
Suspected improvised explosive device (IED) that arrives in a letter or package.
(1)
Do not touch, shake, or tear open the letter/package. Evacuate the area
immediately. If the mail is opened, do not touch, shake, drop, or handle it any further.
(2)
Restrict access to the area.
(3)
Call law enforcement officials. Remain in the general area to await first
responder, law enforcement, and supervisory personnel.
d.
Individual and response team actions.
(1)
Actions taken by mail personnel when handling opened and unopened
suspicious letters/packages are similar to those described earlier; however, mail room
personnel may don the following protective gear prior to handling packages to reduce/limit
the exposure to CB hazards:
H-3
Respirator of a specified type (dust masks).
Gloves (latex or approved).
Long-sleeved clothing.
Disposable aprons.
Eye goggles.
(2)
Actions taken by responding teams when notified of an incident involving a
suspected package containing hazardous materials may include the following:
(a) Arrive on the scene with appropriate protective gear, decontamination
supplies, water, plastic bags, and coveralls (for affected personnel needing fresh clothing).
(b) Secure the area to minimize the spread of contamination, protect the
crime scene (for later evidence collection), decontaminate those persons affected, and
remove them for medical treatment.
(c)
Assist affected persons. Decontamination procedures for affected
persons will vary depending on the degree of exposure. All persons in the room are at risk.
The person who opened the package and any others who came in contact with the package
after it was opened are at greatest risk. Assist affected persons by ensuring that they—
Wet down their clothing with water or diluted bleach to reduce the
risk of secondary aerosols.
Remove their clothing and personal items and place them in
marked bags.
Wash their hands.
Change into fresh clothing.
Wash thoroughly with soap and water, if a shower is available,
shampoo hair, and change into fresh clothing.
(d) If a shower is not available, change into fresh clothing to mitigate the
possibility of transfer of contamination; and then transport personnel to established
decontamination and treatment facilities. Upon completion of showers and
decontamination, personnel will change into fresh clothing.
(e) Give potentially exposed personnel information about the signs and
symptoms of illness associated with the hazard and who to contact and where to go if illness
develops.
H-4
4.
Reach-Back Capability
In response to a report of a suspected letter/package, the technical reach-back
capability is available if technical issues exceed on-site, local, subject matter experts (SME)
capabilities (see Table H-1). Reach back should be conducted using established local
protocols and SOPs. Local information management protocols and the chain of command
must be followed prior to using any of the listed hot-line numbers.
Table H-1. Reach-Back Points of Contact
National Response Center, Chemical Terrorism/
(800) 424-8802
Chemical Biological Hot Line
Technical Chemical and Biological Assistance Hot Line at
(877) 269-4496
US Army Soldier Biological Chemical Command
Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA)
(877) 244-1187
US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious
(888) 872-7443 (USA-RIID)
Diseases (USAMRIID)
US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical
(800) 424-8802
Defense (USAMRICD)
Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (AFRRI)
(301) 295-0316 or (301) 295-0530
Fax: (301) 295-0227
H-5
Appendix I
PROTECTIVE MASK PRESCRIPTION OPTICAL INSERTS
1.
Background
Over 40 percent of military service members wear prescription eyewear. Those
individuals who have a visual acuity of less than 20/40 (20/20 is required for some
professions, such as pilots) with their eyewear removed are required to use prescription
inserts when using their masks (Army Regulation [AR] 40-63/NAVMEDCOMINST
6810.1/Air Force Reserve [AFR] 163-7), Ophthalmic Services, 1 January 1986. This
appendix describes the prescription optical inserts for protective masks currently in use,
the insert installation instructions, and the insert procurement information.
2.
M40/M42 Series
The M40 is the general-purpose mask for USA and USMC infantry and civilian
workers replacing the M9, M17, and M25 mask series. Sizes for the mask are small,
medium, and large.
a.
Optical Inserts, Ground Use. The inserts are nickel silver metal with temple
rings that insert into the eye ring of the mask. The front is a 44-mm eye size for the optical
correction, a 74-mm frame size, and a spring-hinged bridge. The temples swivel forward of
the frame front to spring-fit into the mask eye ring.
(1)
Installation. Hold the insert temples by the plastic tabs, and swivel them
in front of the frame front. Insert the lower section of one temple in the lower groove of the
mask eye ring just behind the mask lens, and continue around the entire temple until it
springs into place. Repeat for the other side.
(2)
Procurement. The insert is ordered from the military optical laboratories
through the military eye clinic.
Note: The ophthalmic laboratories are in the process of changing the ground use masks to
the same insert system as the aviation version. See the following paragraphs for insert
description, installation, and procurement instructions for the aviation type insert.
b.
Optical Inserts, Aviation Use. The prescription lenses are mounted in the
prescription lens carrier (PLC) frame. The PLC is attached to the black, plastic mount
placed behind the lenses of the mask. The clear frame front is a 52-mm eye size for the
optical correction and has a spring-hinged bridge. The black, plastic mount is a 73-mm
frame size for mounting in the mask and has a groove to receive the clear frame front.
(1)
Installation. Insert the black, plastic mount in the groove at the back edge
of the mask eye ring with the PLC mounting keyway facing back. Snap the mounting ends
(tooth grip molded in) together to allow the mounting frame to expand fully into the mask
eye ring. Select the height to center the lenses over the pupils to provide the best field of
I-1
view. Remove the mask and fold the two lenses together to show two small, brass
setscrews. Tighten the setscrews gently to hold the setting of the PLC.
(2)
Procurement. Military supply personnel are responsible for ordering NSN
4240-01-389-7152, black, plastic mount for their unit. The individual requiring optical
correction will order the PLC from military optical laboratories through military eye clinics.
3.
M43 Series
USA aircrews use this mask series. The Type I mask is used by Apache helicopter
pilots and has a notched right eyepiece to accommodate the Apache helicopter helmet
sighting system. All other USA aircrews wear the Type II mask. Sizes for the mask are
small, medium, large, and extra large. There are no optical inserts for this mask. Pilots
requiring vision correction are provided contact lenses.
4.
M45 Series
This mask is currently being fielded and replaces the M24/M42/M43/M49 aviation
series. It will be used by all Army aircrew, except Apache helicopter pilots. Sizes for the
mask are extra small, small, medium, and large. The optical insert is a plastic frame front
with a flexible plastic or titanium alloy bridge wire.
a.
Installation. Snap the insert into the eye ring grooves behind the mask lens.
b.
Procurement. Order the inserts from military optical laboratories through
military eye clinics.
5.
M48 Series
The M48 mask is used by Apache helicopter pilots. This mask has a notched right
eyepiece to accommodate the Apache helicopter sighting system. The M48 series masks
have the same mask front as the M43 series, but they use a different blower system. Sizes
for the mask are small, medium, large, and extra large. There are no optical inserts for this
mask. Pilots requiring correction are provided contact lenses.
6.
MCU2/P Series
a.
The MCU2/P is a general-purpose mask used by the USN, USAF, USMC, USCG,
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), Department of
Energy (DOE), and the Secret Service. Sizes for the mask are small, medium, and large.
b.
The optical insert is a black, nylon frame front and bridle with a black, neoprene,
adjustable, strap headband that is worn like regular spectacles. The front comes in three
eye sizes (46, 48, and 50 mm) and the bridge comes in two sizes (22 and 25 mm).
(1)
Installation. The user wears the mask over the combat spectacles that are
worn as regular eyeglasses.
(2)
Procurement. Order the inserts from military optical laboratories through
military eye clinics.
I-2
7.
M17 Series
a.
This mask has been phased out of most inventories. Since there may still be
some individuals using this mask while waiting for final phaseout.
b.
All three versions of the mask can use the nickel silver metal insert mounting
device with temple rings that insert into the eye ring of the mask. The M17 can only use
this insert mount. The front has a 44-mm eye size for the optical correction, a 74-mm frame
size, and a spring-hinged bridge.
(1)
Installation. Hold the insert temples by the plastic tabs, and swivel them
in front of the frame front. Insert the lower section of one temple into the lower groove of
the mask eye ring, just behind the mask lens. Continue around the entire temple until it
springs into place. Repeat for the other side. Make final adjustments to align the inserts as
needed.
(2)
Procurement. Order the inserts from military optical laboratories through
military eye clinics.
8.
M17A1/A2
The M17A1/A2 series may use the universal insert. The universal insert has a plastic
frame front (gray or white) with metal temple prongs. The front has a 38-mm eye size for
the optical correction and 66-mm frame size.
a.
Installation. Spread the metal prongs in a fishtail fashion to secure them in the
mask. Bend the inserts at the bridge to induce a 5 to 10-degree, face form angle, and insert
the prongs in the holes molded into the mask along the edges. Select the holes that center
the lenses over the eye pupils.
b.
Procurement. Order the inserts from military optical laboratories through
military eye clinics.
9.
Joint Service General-Purpose Mask
The JSGPM is currently in development at the US Army SBCCOM. The projected
design will be a frame mount that is compatible with the PLC now used by the ballistic-
laser protective system.
I-3
Appendix J
ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSE PROTECTION CONSIDERATIONS
1.
Background
The EMP resulting from a nuclear weapon detonation can adversely affect
unhardened electrical devices. When the detonation is well above the earth, EMP can cover
the entire battlespace. The same detonation on or near the earth causes more intense, but
more localized EMP. For these reasons, equipment supporting critical missions must, as a
minimum, survive high altitude EMP effects. Such equipment survivability can be
achieved by hardening the equipment or by using other mitigation techniques.
2.
Electromagnetic Pulse
Electromagnetic pulse is a nuclear weapons effect that can have an adverse impact on
electrical and electronic equipment. Although it represents roughly 1 percent of the total
energy produced by a nuclear burst, EMP can destroy or cause serious damage to electronic
equipment through electrical-current surges. Digital electronics can also suffer upset
conditions that are also serious. Unfortunately, standard devices that protect equipment
against lightning do not necessarily provide protection against EMP. Units must ensure
that OPLANs include mitigation techniques to reduce EMP effects on operations.
3.
Electromagnetic Pulse Mitigation Techniques
a.
EMP mitigation procedures use hardened equipment and/or unhardened
equipment. Correct maintenance and operational procedures help ensure that the
hardness of built-in equipment remains intact. Improper maintenance can readily reduce
or eliminate EMP hardening. Unhardened equipment relies on operator mitigation to
reduce EMP coupling to levels below upset or damage.
(1)
Exercise caution when adding components to already hardened equipment,
such as placing new systems in a hardened van or mobile shelter.
(2)
As a general rule, making an addition to stand-alone equipment that does
not have wires or connectors running outside the protected enclosure does not interfere
with the EMP hardening of the shelter. However, any addition of new connectors (such as
running a telephone wire or extra air-conditioning or ventilation hoses into a shelter) that
does not go through an approved surge arrestor and penetration shield or connector can
adversely affect the hardness of the protected area. The addition of more sensitive
electrons inside the protected enclosure can also affect hardness.
b.
Many EMP hardening designs create shields between the electronic equipment
and external EMP environments. Any cable or other penetration in a hardened system that
J-1
creates a hole or gap in the shield can degrade system survivability. Gaps, seals, and
closures should be intact and fully engaged. Necessary maintenance or modifications made
to systems should attempt to reseal and restore any breaks in the shielding.
c.
When possible, EMP effects can be mitigated by having approved nonelectronic
or alternative electronic procedures, backup systems, and backup copies of critical
electronic data available for use. Multiple electronic systems of similar function can
provide alternate or backup systems to supplement the functionality of potentially
vulnerable high- and ultra-high frequency radios. Full restoration of EMP-damaged or
disrupted computer information systems requires that replacement or repaired systems
have operationally critical data from backups for immediate installation. Stored, backup
CISs can provide replacement hardware. Frequent backups of critical operational data in
durable media formats further provide the data needed to resume any disrupted operations.
d.
Other mitigation measures can include—
Making maximum use of the least vulnerable equipment when possible.
Providing redundant, multiple-mode communication links between positions.
Preplanning and training to use backup and alternate communications
networks. When possible, establish two or more communications paths and have a
contingency plan to reestablish communications.
Maintaining a stock of critical spare parts. In some cases, EMP damage may
affect only one part of a system, which if replaced, will allow the device to function as
before. Fuses are particularly important; therefore, personnel need to know the location of
all fuses in their equipment and maintain and keep spares on hand. Critical spares and
parts should be sealed in their original, electrostatic discharge (ESD) containers or bags
until needed for use.
Integrating EMP concerns into safety plans and drills. For example,
personnel need to practice the skills needed to extinguish sudden, multiple, EMP-induced
electrical fires inside shelters and enclosures and have appropriate life-support and fire-
fighting equipment at hand.
e.
Components, such as antennas and other metallic surfaces can be EMP-
concentrating items. Potential antennas include such objects as gun tubes, heating and
ventilation ducts, water pipes, fuel pipelines, conduits, grounding rods and wires,
commercial phone and power lines, missiles, guy wires, fences, railroad tracks, and power
lines from generators.
(1)
When possible, personnel should disconnect and collapse collectors or
antennas. Simply turning off the equipment is not sufficient; damaging energy can still
enter through antennas.
(2)
Where possible, personnel should avoid use of the most vulnerable
antennas, which include long wires or rods, wide-angle doublets, and omnidirectional
antennas. Less vulnerable antennas include those with smaller radiating elements.
J-2
(3)
Additionally, personnel should avoid the creating loops in wire and other
antennas or collectors. Loops act as magnetic dipole antennas, allowing EMP energy to
affect the systems connected to them. Operators and supervisors should also recognize the
different types of systems that might be linked in loops that are not immediately obvious.
For example, a phone line may run from a van to a switchboard; the switchboard may be
linked by wire to a CP, the CP may have a power line connection to a generator, and the
same generator may have a power line to the van, thus resulting in an effective loop
antenna or collector.
(4)
Laying cables on the ground or shallow burial of cables for physical
protection is recommended when practical for EMP mitigation purposes. Cables strung in
the air can pick up more EMP energy than cables on the earth’s surface. Only very deeply
buried cables (10 feet or more) have significant EMP protection, but they are often not
worth the construction effort.
f.
Dispersed operations, to include the use of remotes, increase survivability by
reducing a unit’s single-point signatures and increasing the number of targets an enemy
must find and engage.
g.
Mitigation measures also include procedures for damage assessment, repair, and
testing of equipment. In a unit that has been subjected to EMP effects, electronic
equipment may be functionally damaged, operationally upset, or unaffected, depending on
the shielding and effectiveness of EMP mitigation postures.
(1)
Even though electronic equipment has suffered functional damage from
EMP, repairs may include operator maintenance procedures such as resetting circuit
breakers or replacing fuses.
(2)
Mission-critical computers can also be affected by EMP at levels that are
far lower than the intensities required to inflict functional damage. The effects may only be
revealed when it becomes evident that critical information is incorrect or unavailable. An
effective practice would be to assume that the computer memory has been upset and have
the operators automatically reload backup files.
(3)
Consistent with command priorities, all electronic equipment should be
tested and inspected for operational upset and/or functional damage. This includes items
that have been shielded or hardened against EMP effects. In some cases, upset or
functional damage may not be immediately evident.
J-3
REFERENCES
Joint
JP 1-02, Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms, 12 April 2001.
JP 3-11, Joint Doctrine for Operations in Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical (NBC)
Environment, 11 July 2000.
JP 4-06, Joint Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Mortuary Affairs in Joint
Operations, 28 August, 1996.
Multiservice
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3, NBC Decontamination, 28 July 2000 (with Change 1, 31 January
2002).
FM 3-11.21/MCRP 3-27.2C/NTTP 3-11.24/AFTTP(I) 3-2.37, Multiservice Tactics,
Techniques, and Procedures for Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Aspects of Consequence
Management, 12 December 2001.
FM 3-11.34/MCWP 3-37.5/NTTP 3-11.23/AFTTP (I) 3-2.33, Multiservice Tactics,
Techniques, and Procedures for NBC Defense of Theater Fixed Sites, Ports, and Airfields, 29
September 2000.
FM 8-284/NAVMED P-5042/AFMAN(I) 44-156/MCRP 4-11.1C, Treatment of Biological
Warfare Casualties, 17 July 2000.
FM 8-285/NAVMED P-5041/AFJMAN 44-149/FMFM 11-11, Treatment of Chemical Agent
Casualties and Conventional Military Chemical Injuries, 22 December 1995.
AR 40-63/NAVMEDCOMINST 6810.1/AFR 167-3, Opthalmic Services, 1 January 1986.
Army
FM 21-10, Field Hygiene and Sanitation, 21 June 2000.
FM 4-02.7, Health Service Support in a Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Environment, 1
October 2002.
FM 8-500, Hazardous Materials Injuries: A Handbook for Prehospital Care, January 1997.
Navy
NWP 3-20.31 (Revision A), Surface Ship Survivability, January 2000.
References-1
Other Sources
Joint Chiefs of Staff Memorandum, MCM-0026-02, Subject: Chemical Warfare (CW) Agent
Exposure Planning Guidance, April 29, 2002
Military Standard Requisitioning and Issue Procedures (MILSTRIP) Desk Guide/NAV Sup
409, 9 June 1998.
STANAG 4192, Design Criteria and Construction Parameters for Collective Protection
(COLPRO) Facilities on Land, 25 October 1993.
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Pocket Guide to Chemical
Hazards.
US Department of Transportation, Emergency Response Guidebook.
29 Code of Federal Regulations 1910.120.
References-2
GLOSSARY
PART I—ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
A
AB
air base
ABM
antiballistic missile
AC
hydrogen cyanide, a blood agent
ACAA
automatic chemical agent alarm
ACADA
automatic chemical agent detection alarm
AERP
aircrew eye & respiratory protection
AFB
Air Force base
AFJMAN
Air Force joint manual
AFMAN (I)
Air Force manual (interservice)
AFR
Air Force regulation
AFRRI
Armed Force Radiobiology Research Institute
AFTTP (I)
Air Force tactics, techniques, and procedures (interservice)
AICPS
Advanced Integrated Collective Protective System
ALARA
As low as reasonably achievable
AO
area of operation
AOI
area of interest
APC
armored personnel carrier
APR
air-purifying respirator
APOD
aerial port of debarkation
AR
Army regulation
ASZM-TEDA
activated, impregnated copper-silver-zinc-molybdenum-
triethylenediamine
ATNAA
antidote treatment nerve agent autoinjector system
ATTN
attention
B
BDO
battle dress overgarment
BDU
battle dress uniform
BIDS
Biological Integrated Detection System
BOI
basis of issue plan
Bq
becquerel
BMU
beach master unit
BSA
brigade support area
BVO
black vinyl overboot
BW
biological warfare
Glossary-1
C
Celsius
C
command and control
C2
CA
civil affairs
CAM
chemical agent monitor
CANA
convulsant antidote for nerve agent
CAPDS
Chemical Agent Point Detection System
CAPE
contamination avoidance protective entrance
CB
chemical and biological
CBR
chemical, biological, and radiological
CBRN
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear
CBPS
chemical biological protective shelter
CBRN
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear
CCA
contamination control area
CCD
camouflage, concealment and deception
CCM
compartment control module
cfm
cubic feet per minute
CFR
Code of Federal Regulation
CG
phosgene, (a choking agent)
cGy
centigray
cGyph
centigray per hour
CHAMP
chemically-biologically-hardened air management plant
C3I
command, control, communication, and intelligence
CK
cyanogen chloride (a blood agent)
CLS
contracted logistics support
cm
centimeter(s)
CMWD
countermeasures washdown
COA
course of action
COLPRO
collective protection
COMM
commercial
COMSEC
communications security
CONUS
continental United States
CP
chemical protective
CPDEPMEDS
chemically protective deployable medical system
CPE
collective protective equipment
CPFC
chemical protective footwear cover
CPO
chemical protective overgarment
CPS
collective protective shelter
CPU
chemical protective undergarment
CSH
combat support hospital
CW
chemical warfare
CZAA
cold-zone assembly area
Glossary-2
D
DAP
decontaminating apparatus, portable
DC
District of Columbia
DCO
damage control officer
DEA
Drug Enforcement Agency
DKIE
decontamination kit, individual equipment
DOD
Department of Defense
DOE
Department of Energy
DOS
Department of State
dpm
disintegrations per minute
DSN
defense switched network
Dtb
turnback dose
DTD
detailed troop decontamination
DTRA
Defense Threat Reduction Agency
DU
depleted uranium
E
ECC
evacuation control center
ECWCS
extreme cold-weather clothing system
e.g.
exempli gratia (for example)
email
electronic mail
EMP
electromagnetic pulse
EOD
explosive ordnance disposal
EPA
Environmental Protection Agency
ERG
Emergency Response Guide
ESD
electrostatic discharge
etc.
et cetera (and so forth)
EW
electronic warfare
ext.
extension
F
F
Fahrenheit
FBI
Federal Bureau of Investigation
FDECU
Field-deployable, environmental control unit
FED LOG
Federal Logistics
FFA
fan filter assembly
FL
Florida
FM
field manual
FMFM
Fleet Marine force manual
FP
force protection
FRAGORD
fragmentary order
Glossary-3
G
gal
gallon
GB
sarin (a nerve agent)
GPFU
gas-particulate filter unit
gpm
gallons per minute
GVO
green vinyl overboot
GZ
ground zero
H
HAZMAT
hazardous materials
HE
high explosive
HEPA
high-efficiency, particulate air
HF
high frequency
HHA
hand-held assay
HMMWV
high-mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle
HN
host nation
hr
hour(s)
HQ
headquarters
HSS
health service support
HTH
high test hypochlorite
HUMINT
human intelligence
HVAC
heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
I
IBADS
Interim Biological Agent Detection System
ICAM
improved chemical-agent monitor
ID
identification
IED
improvised explosive device
IFV
infantry fighting vehicle
IND
investigational new drug
int
internal
IO
information operations
IPB
intelligence preparation of the battlespace
IPDS
Improved Point Detection System
IPE
individual protective equipment
iwg
inches water gage
Glossary-4
J
J5
Plans and Policy Directorate
JCAD
joint chemical-agent detector
J-FIRE
joint firefighter integrated response ensemble
JP
joint publication
JPACE
joint protective aircrew ensemble
JSGPM
joint service, general purpose mask
JSLIST
joint service lightweight integrated suit technology
JTF
joint task force
K
kg
kilogram(s)
km
kilometer(s)
L
L
large
LBE
load-bearing equipment
LCE
load-carrying equipment
LHA
liquid hazard area
LLR
low-level radiation
LNG
long
LOS
line of sight
LOTS
logistics over-the-shore
M
M
medium
MANSCEN
Maneuver Support Center
MBT
main battle tank
MCC
microclimate cooling
MCCDC
Marine Corps Combat Development Command
MCPE
modular collective protective equipment
MCRP
Marine Corps reference publication
MCWP
Marine Corps warfighting publication
MD
Maryland
MDMP
military decision-making process
METT-T
mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support
available-time available
MILSTRIP
military standard requisitioning and issue procedures
min
minute
MK
mark
MLRS
Multiple Launch Rocket System
Glossary-5
mm
millimeter
MO
Missouri
MOOTW
military operations other than war
MOPP
mission-oriented protective posture
mph
miles per hour
mrad
millirads
MSD
minimum safe distance
MSDS
materiel safety data sheet
mSv
millisievert
MTF
medical treatment facility
MTP
mission training plan
MTTP
multiservice tactics, techniques, and procedures
MULO
Multipurpose, lightweight overboot
N
N/A
not applicable
NAAK
nerve agent antidote kit
NAERG
North American Emergency Response Guidebook
NAPP
nerve agent pyridostigmine pretreatment
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NAVMED
Navy medical
NAVMEDCOMINST
Navy medical command instruction
NBC
nuclear, biological, and chemical
NBCC
nuclear, biological, and chemical center
NBCCC
nuclear, biological, and chemical control center
NBCWRS
Nuclear, Biological, And Chemical Warning and Reporting
System
NCE
noncombatant evacuees
NCO
noncommissioned officer
NDI
nondevelopmental item
NEO
noncombatant evacuation operation
NFPA
National Fire Protection Agency
NG
National Guard
NIOSH
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
NSN
national stock numbers
NTTP
Navy tactics, techniques, and procedures
NVD
night vision device
NWDC
Navy Warfare Development Command
NWP
Naval warfare publication
O
OD
olive drab
OEG
operational exposure guide
OOD
officer of the deck
OP
observation post
OPLAN
operational plan
Glossary-6
OPORD
operation order
OPR
office of primary responsibility
OPSEC
operations security
OPTEMPO
operating tempo
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
P
pam
phosphotriesterase, pralidoxime
PASGT
personnel armor system ground troop
PATS
protection assessment test system
pCi
picocuries
PCN
publication control number
PE
protective entrance
PF
protection factor
P3I
preplanned product improvement
PIR
priority intelligence requirements
PLC
prescription lens carrier
PMCS
preventive-maintenance checks and services
POL
petroleum, oils, and lubricants
PPE
personal protective equipment
psi
per square inch
PSYOP
psychological operations
PT
physical training
pub
publication
PVNTMED
preventive medicine
Q
qt
quart(s)
R
R
rad
RA
risk analysis
RADIAC
radiation detection, identification, and computation
RC
relocation center
RCA
riot control agent
RDD
radiological dispersal device
REG
regular
RES
radiation exposure status
RI
Rhode Island
Rtb
turnback dose rate
S
Glossary-7
S
small
SA
situational awareness
SAR
supplied-air respirator
SB
supply bulletin
SBCCOM
Soldier and Biological Chemical Command
SCALP
suit, contamination avoidance, liquid protective
SCBA
self-contained breathing apparatus
SCM
system control module
SCPE
simplified collective protective equipment
SDK
skin decontamination kit
SDS
Sorbent Decontamination System
SERPACWA
skin exposure reduction paste against chemical warfare agents
SHF
Super-high frequency
SHT
short
SICPS
Standardized Integrated Command Post System
SITREP
situation report
SME
subject matter expert
SMT
shelter management team
SOF
special operations forces
SOP
standing operating procedure
SPOD
seaport of debarkation
SSN
social security number
S/RTF
search and recovery task force
STB
super tropical bleach
STEPO
self-contained, toxic-environment protective outfit
T
target acquisition
TA
TAP
toxicological agent, protective
TB
technical bulletin
TBM
theater ballistic missile
TCN
third country national
TEMPER
tent, extendable, modular, personnel
TFA
toxic free area
TIB
toxic industrial biological
TIC
toxic industrial chemical
TIM
toxic industrial material
TIR
toxic industrial radiological
TM
technical manual
TMD
theater missile defense
TO
technical order
TRADOC
Untied States Army Training and Doctrine Command
TSP
training support package
TTP
tactics, techniques, and procedures
TX
Texas
Glossary-8
U
UHF
ultra-high frequency
US
United States
USA
United States Army
USAF
United States Air Force
USAMRICD
United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical
Defense
USAMRIID
United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious
Diseases
USCG
United States Coast Guard
USMC
United States Marine Corps
USN
United States Navy
UXO
unexploded ordnance
V
VA
vulnerability assessment; Virginia
VB
vapor barrier
VCA
voice communication adapter
VHA
vapor hazard area
W
WBGT
wet-bulb, globe temperature
WMD
weapons of mass destruction
X
XL
extra large
XS
extra small
XSHT
extra short
XXL
extra, extra large
XXS
extra, extra small
XXXS
extra, extra, extra small
Glossary-9
PART II - TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
Aerosol. A liquid or solid composed of finely divided particles suspended in a
gaseous medium. Examples of common aerosols are mist, fog, and smoke. (JP 1-02)
Avoidance. Individual and/or unit measures taken to avoid or minimize nuclear,
biological, and chemical (NBC) attacks and reduce the effects of NBC hazards. (JP 1-02)
Biological agent. A microorganism that causes disease in personnel, plants, or animals or
causes the deterioration of materiel. (JP 1-02)
Biological defense. The methods, plans, and procedures involved in establishing and
executing defensive measures against attacks using biological agents. (JP 1-02)
Biological threat. A threat that consists of biological material planned to be deployed to
produce casualties in personnel or animals or damage plants. (JP 1-02)
Biological weapon. An item of materiel which projects, disperses, or disseminates a
biological agent including arthropod vectors. (JP 1-02)
Blister agent. A chemical agent which injures the eyes and lungs, and burns or blisters
the skin. Also called vesicant agent. (JP 1-02)
Blood agent. A chemical compound, including the cyanide group, that affects bodily
function by preventing the normal utilization of oxygen by body tissues. (JP 1-02)
Chemical agent. Any toxic chemical intended for use in military operations. (JP 1-02)
Chemical ammunition. A type of ammunition, the filler of which is primarily a chemical
agent. (JP 1-02)
Chemical defense. The methods, plans, and procedures involved in establishing and
executing defensive measures against attack utilizing chemical agents. (JP 1-02)
Chemical dose. The amount of chemical agent, expressed in milligrams, that is taken or
absorbed by the body. (JP 1-02)
Chemical environment. Conditions found in an area resulting from direct or persisting
effects of chemical weapons. (JP 1-02)
Collective nuclear, biological, and chemical protection. Protection provided to a
group of individuals in a nuclear, biological, and chemical environment which permits
relaxation of individual nuclear, biological, and chemical protection. (JP 1-02)
Combatant command. A unified or specified command with a broad continuing mission
under a single commander established and so designated by the President, through the
Secretary of Defense and with the advice and assistance of the Chairman of the Joint
Chiefs of Staff. Combatant commands typically have geographic or functional
responsibilities. (JP 1-02)
Glossary-10
Contamination. 1. The deposit, absorption, or adsorption of radioactive material, or of
biological or chemical agents on or by structures, areas, personnel, or objects. 2. Food and/or
water made unfit for consumption by humans or animals because of the presence of
environmental chemicals, radioactive elements, bacteria or organisms, the byproduct of the
growth of bacteria or organisms, the decomposing material (to include food substance
itself), or waste in the food or water. (JP 1-02)
Contamination control. Procedures to avoid, reduce, remove, or render harmless
(temporarily or permanently) nuclear, biological, and chemical contamination for the
purpose of maintaining or enhancing the efficient conduct of military operations. (JP 1-02)
Decontamination. The process of making any person, object, or area safe by absorbing,
destroying, neutralizing, making harmless, or removing chemical or biological agents, or by
removing radioactive material clinging to or around it. (JP 1-02)
Detection. 1. In tactical operations, the perception of an object of possible military interest
but unconfirmed by recognition. 2. In surveillance, the determination and transmission by
a surveillance system that has occurred. 3. In arms control, the first step in the process of
ascertaining the occurrence of a violation of an arms control agreement. 4. In nuclear,
biological, and chemical (NBC) environments, the act of locating NBC hazards by use of
NBC detectors or monitoring and/or survey teams. (JP 1-02)
Host nation. A nation that receives the forces and/or supplies of allied nations, coalition
partners, and/or NATO organizations to be located on, to operate in, or to transit through
its territory. Also called HN. (JP 1-02)
Identification. 1. The process of determining the friendly or hostile character of an
unknown detected contact. 2. In arms control, the process of determining which nation is
responsible for the detected violations of any arms control measure. 3. In ground combat
operations, discrimination between recognizable objects as being friendly or enemy, or the
name that belongs to the object as a member of a class. Also called ID. (JP 1-02)
Individual protection. Actions taken by individuals to survive and continue the mission
under nuclear, biological, and chemical conditions. (JP 1-02)
Individual protective equipment. In nuclear, biological, and chemical warfare, the
personal clothing and equipment required to protect an individual from biological and
chemical hazards and some nuclear effects. (JP 1-02)
Mission-oriented protective posture. A flexible system of protection against nuclear,
biological, and chemical contamination. This posture requires personnel to wear only that
protective clothing and equipment (mission-oriented protective posture gear) appropriate to
the threat level, work rate imposed by the mission, temperature, and humidity. Also called
MOPP. (JP 1-02)
Mission-oriented protective posture gear. Military term for individual protective
equipment including suit, boots, gloves, mask with hood, first aid treatments, and
decontamination kits issued to soldiers. Also called MOPP gear. (JP 1-02)
Nerve agent. A potentially lethal chemical agent which interferes with the transmission of
nerve impulses. (JP 1-02)
Glossary-11
Nonpersistent agent. A chemical agent that when released dissipates and/or loses its
ability to cause casualties after 10 to 15 minutes. (JP 1-02)
Nuclear, biological, and chemical-capable nation. A nation that has the capability to
produce and employ one or more types of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons across
the full range of military operations and at any level of war in order to achieve political and
military objectives. (JP 1-02)
Nuclear, biological, and chemical defense. Defensive measures that enable friendly
forces to survive, fight, and win against enemy use of nuclear, biological, or chemical (NBC)
weapons and agents. US forces apply NBC defensive measures before and during
integrated warfare. In integrated warfare, opposing forces employ nonconventional
weapons along with conventional weapons (NBC weapons are nonconventional). (JP 1-02)
Nuclear, biological, and chemical environment. Environments in which there is
deliberate or accidental employment, or threat of employment, of nuclear, biological, or
chemical weapons; deliberate or accidental attacks or contamination with toxic industrial
materials, including toxic industrial chemicals; or deliberate or accidental attacks or
contamination with radiological (radioactive) materials. (JP 1-02)
Nuclear defense. The methods, plans, and procedures involved in establishing and
exercising defensive measures against the effects of an attack by nuclear weapons or
radiological warfare agents. It encompasses both the training for, and the implementation
of, these methods, plans, and procedures. (JP 1-02)
Persistency. In biological or chemical warfare, the characteristic of an agent which
pertains to the duration of its effectiveness under determined conditions after its dispersal.
(JP 1-02)
Protection. 1. Measures that are taken to keep nuclear, biological, and chemical hazards
from having an adverse effect on personnel, equipment, or critical assets and facilities.
Protection consists of five groups of activities: hardening of positions; protecting personnel;
assuming mission-oriented protective posture; using physical defense measures; and
reacting to attack.
2. In space usage, active and passive defense measures to ensure that
United States and friendly space systems perform as designed by seeking to overcome an
adversary’s attempts to negate them and to minimize damage if negotiation is attempted.
(JP 1-02)
Protective mask. A protective ensemble designed to protect the wearer’s face and eyes
and prevent the breathing of air contaminated with chemical and/or biological agents. (JP
1-02)
Residual contamination. Contamination which remains after steps have been taken to
remove it. These steps may consist of nothing more than allowing the contamination to
decay normally. (JP 1-02)
Survey. The directed effort to determine the location and the nature of a chemical,
biological and radiological hazard in an area. (JP 1-02)
Glossary-12
Toxic chemical. Any chemical which, through its chemical action on life processes, can
cause death, temporary incapacitation, or permanent harm to humans or animals. This
includes all such chemicals, regardless of their origin or of their method of production, and
regardless of whether they are produced in facilities, in munitions or elsewhere. (JP 1-02)
Toxic industrial biological. Biological material found in medical research or
pharmaceutical manufacturing that are toxic to humans and animals or damages plants.
(FM 4-02.7)
Toxic industrial chemical. Chemical materials or compounds that are used for multiple
purposes such as fuels or solvents, or in manufacturing that are toxic to humans and
animals or damages plants. (FM 4-02.7)
Toxic industrial material. Toxic industrial biological, toxic industrial chemical, and
toxic industrial radiological materials. (FM 4-02.7)
Toxic industrial radiological. Radiation materials used in research, power generation,
and medical treatment that are harmful to humans and animals if released outside their
controlled environments. (FM 4-02.7)
Weapons of mass destruction. Weapons that are capable of a high order of destruction
and/or of being used in such a manner as to destroy large numbers of people. Weapons of
mass destruction can be high explosives or nuclear, biological, chemical, and radiological
weapons, but exclude the means of transporting or propelling the weapon where such
means is a separable and divisible part of the weapon. Also called WMD. (JP 1-02)
Glossary-13

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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