FM 3-5 NBC Decontamination (July 2000) - page 5

 

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FM 3-5 NBC Decontamination (July 2000) - page 5

 

 

FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
and 5 of paragraph 10-7 to decon the tracker. Gather all the contaminated
launching tubes in a single area before departing the contaminated area and
mark them properly.
NOTE: Do not use the IEDK on any optic lens (exclude rubber
eyecups), battery connector, electrical connectors, or lubricated
components. Using the IEDK could cause corrosion if the powder
from it is left on the equipment for an extended period of time.
However, if these items are stored in a protective container/box,
decon the storage container with the IEDK. Rinse or flush the lens
with water only if it becomes contaminated. The rubber eyecups can
be rinsed with water or decontaminated with the IEDK.
10-7. To decon the M47 Dragon, follow the steps below:
Step 1. Decon your gloves using the IEDK.
Step 2. Use the IEDK to decon the bipod.
Step 3. Use the IEDK to decon the exterior of the launcher.
Step 4. Rinse or flush any liquid contamination off the exterior of the
day/night sight with water. Use a rag or any available towelettes to
dry the sight but do not touch the lens.
Step 5. Repeat step 1.
TOW MISSILE (M220 SERIES)
10-8. Gather all the contaminated launching tubes in a single area before
departing the contaminated area and mark them properly.
NOTE: Do not use the IEDK on any optic lens (exclude rubber
eyecups), battery connector, electrical connectors, or lubricated
components. However, if these items are stored in a protective
container/box, decon the storage container with the IEDK or spray it
with the M11 DAP. Do not touch or decon the front lens of the night
sight. Rinse or flush the lens with water if it becomes contaminated
with liquid chemical agent. The rubber eyecups can be rinsed with
water.
10-9. To decon the TOW missile (M220 series), follow the steps below:
Step 1. Decon your gloves using the IEDK.
Step 2. Use an M11 DAP filled with bleach or soapy water to spray
down the launch tube, traversing unit, and tripod respectively. Protect
or cover the day/night sights when spraying.
Step 3. Use the IEDK to decon the exterior of the day-sight tracker
and night-sight tracker. Avoid touching the lens. Once the sights are
decontaminated, brush off any powder residue.
Step 4. Use the IEDK to decon the collimator.
Step 5. Use the IEDK to decon the exterior of the missile-guidance set
and cable surface. Ensure that the electrical connectors are covered
before the decon.
Step 6. Use the IEDK to decon the power conditioner and its cable for
the battery component.
Step 7. Repeat step 1.
Decon Procedures for Individual and Crew-Served Weapons 10-3
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
AT4 LIGHT ANTITANK WEAPON
NOTE: Ensure that the transport safety pin, the cocked-level safety,
and the forward safety on the launcher are engaged.
10-10. To decon the AT4 LAW, follow the steps below:
Step 1. Decon your gloves using the IEDK.
Step 2. Use the IEDK to wipe the exterior of the launcher and the
front and rear sights.
Step 3. Repeat step 1.
66-MILLIMETER ROCKET LAUNCHER
NOTE: Ensure that the launcher is in the safe position and is not
loaded before decontaminating. Omit step 2 if the launcher has not
been fired in a contaminated environment.
10-11. To decon the 66-millimeter rocket launcher, follow the steps below:
Step 1. Decon your gloves using the IEDK.
Step 2. Extend the launcher into the firing position.
Step 3. Use the IEDK to decon the exterior of the launcher and around
the reflecting sight.
Step 4. Repeat step 3 using the IEDK.
Step 5. Repeat step 1.
81-MILLIMETER MORTAR
NOTE: Following the decon of the mortar with the IEDK, ensure that
the mechanical parts of the mortar are dried. Lubricate the mortar
when the mission permits. Do not touch the mortar tube with
chemical protective gloves when it is hot. The heat of the tube could
melt the gloves. Do not apply the IEDK to any optic lens due to the
abrasive effect of the charcoal in the IEDK. Rinse or flush the lens
with water, when required.
10-12. To decon the 81-millimeter mortar, follow the steps below:
Step 1. Decon your gloves using the IEDK.
Step 2. Use the IEDK to decon from the blast attenuator device to the
lower half of the mortar tube.
Step 3. Use the IEDK to decon the base plate.
Step 4. Use the IEDK to decon the bipod.
Step 5. Use the IEDK to decon the elbow telescope and telescope
mount. Do not use the IEDK on the optic lens. Flush the lens with
water if contamination is present.
Step 6. Repeat step 1.
60-MILLIMETER MORTAR
NOTE: Following the decon of the mortar with the IEDK, ensure that
the mechanical parts of the mortar are dried. Lubricate the mortar
when the mission permits. Do not touch the mortar tube with
chemical protective gloves when it is hot. The heat of the tube could
10-4 Decon Procedures for Individual and Crew-Served Weapons
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
melt the gloves. Do not apply the IEDK to any optic lens due to the
abrasive effect of the charcoal in the IEDK. Rinse or flush the lens
with water, when required.
10-13. To decon the 60-millimeter mortar, follow the steps below:
Step 1. Decon your gloves using the IEDK.
Step 2. Use the IEDK to decon the mortar tube and handgrip. If the
mortar is heavily contaminated, you may need to use another IEDK.
Step 3. Use the IEDK to decon the bipod and base plate.
Step 4. Use the IEDK to decon the exterior of the telescope. Do not
apply the IEDK to the lens. Flush the lens with water if
contamination is present.
Step 5. Repeat step 1.
JAVELIN
10-14. The decon procedures for the Javelin and its components are listed in
Table 10-1, page 10-6.
WARNING
The IEDK only removes a liquid hazard. Decontaminated items may
still present a vapor hazard. Do not unmask until it has been
determined safe to do so.
CAUTION
Close the lens covers on the Javelin before decontaminating because
decon powders on the lens can obscure your vision. Do not use the IEDK
on the eyecup because the decon powder entering the eyecup can
obscure your vision.
THOROUGH-DECON PROCEDURES USING THE HTH SOLUTION
10-15. When conducting the DED, the equipment is decontaminated with a 10
percent HTH solution (see Table 10-2, page 10-6) or with pure bleach that is
diluted. Use the M256A1 detector kit, CAM, or M8 detector paper to determine
the effectiveness of the decon. The crew-served weapons should be
decontaminated before the DTD by the individual weapons’ crew (the preferred
method). Alternatively, the commander could task his own decon team to decon
the unit's light weapons. The contaminated unit is responsible for establishing
an area about 109 to 164 yards upwind from the DTD and DED sites for decon
of the crew-served weapons. Unit leaders supervise this procedure. The unit
chemical NCO plans and coordinates the preparation of this area.
10-16. The preferred decontaminant for a thorough decon is a 10 percent HTH
solution (see Table 10-2). Use a contact time for the HTH solution of 15
minutes for chemical and biological agents. Prepare the amount of solution
required according to the number and size of the weapon systems that need to
be decontaminated.
Decon Procedures for Individual and Crew-Served Weapons 10-5
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Table 10-1. Decon Procedures for the Javelin and Its Components
Immediate Decon
Round
Command Launch Unit (CLU)
Step 1. Decon your gloves using the IEDK.
Step 1. Decon your gloves using the IEDK.
Step 2. Decon the round by patting it with the IEDK,
Step 2. Decon the CLU by patting it with the IEDK.
working from the front to the rear until the entire round is
Pay special attention to the handgrips, CLU carrying
covered.
handle, battery cover, round interface-connector pro-
tective cover, and switch boots.
NOTE: When the shoulder strap is grossly contami-
Step 3. Use a knife to cut the protective-cover lan-
nated, discard it.
yard from the protective cover and remove it.
Step 3. Repeat step 1.
Step 4. Repeat step 1.
Step 4. Discard the IEDK.
Step 5. Discard the IEDK.
Thorough Decon
Predecon Round
Predecon CLU
Step 1. Check for contamination.
NOTE: Ensure that the on/off switch is in the off
Step 2. Remove the shoulder strap.
position. If the connector was not covered
Step 3. Use a knife to cut the connector boot.
before contamination, place the protective cover
on the connector before decon. After the decon,
Step 4. Use a knife to cut the protective-cover lanyard
remove the protective cover and allow the con-
from the protective cover and remove it.
nector to weather. The foam around the connec-
Step 5. Use a knife to scrape about 1/4 inch of the shoul-
tor may be cut away as required.
der pad away from the launcher-tube assembly (LTA).
Step 1. Check for contamination.
Step 6. Ensure that the protective cover is installed on
Step 2. Remove the rubber from the handles and
the round/CLU interface connector.
remove the lanyards from the CLU.
Step 3. Ensure that the protective covers are
installed on the connectors.
Decon LTA
Decon CLU
Step 1. Submerge one half of the LTA in the decon solu-
Step 1. Open the lens covers.
tion.
Step 2. Submerge the CLU in the decon solution.
Step 2. Submerge the other half of the LTA in the decon
Step 3. Rinse the CLU by submerging it in the rinse
solution.
solution.
Step 3. Rinse one half of the LTA by submerging it in the
Step 4. Use the CAM to check the CLU, ensuring
rinse solution.
that all contaminants have been removed.
Step 4. Rinse the other half of the LTA by submerging it
Step 5. Repeat steps 1 through 4 above if the CLU
in the rinse solution.
is still contaminated. If only the switch boots remain
Step 5. Use the CAM to check the LTA, ensuring that all
contaminated, remove them by using a knife.
contaminants have been removed.
Step 6. Repeat steps 1 through 5 above if the LTA is still
contaminated.
Table 10-2. HTH Mixture
Amount of HTH
Amount of HTH per
HTH Solution
per 1 Gallon of Water
5 Gallons of Water
5 percent
9.6 ounces
48 ounces
10 percent
12 ounces
60 ounces
NOTE: Refer to Appendix B for instruction on how to use sodium
hypochlorite (household bleach) and HTH, and see Table 10-2 for
instructions on how to prepare the 5 and 10 percent HTH solution.
10-6 Decon Procedures for Individual and Crew-Served Weapons
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
10-17. Follow the procedures below during the DED and DTD. Always wear
chemical gloves when performing these procedures.
Use the HTH solution to decon up to 10 weapon systems. Use the
required number of rags on a weapon system and then dispose of them
properly to avoid transferring the contamination.
Do not apply the HTH solution or bleach on electrical connectors and
lens.
Use bleach or a 10 percent HTH solution on the exterior of the optic
systems that are not sensitive to bleach and then rinse them with
water.
10-18. Once the HTH solution has been used on the weapon systems,
thoroughly dry and lubricant them. Avoid spilling the HTH solution or bleach
on the chemical overgarment.
MATERIALS
10-19. Listed in the following paragraphs are the different types of materials
that will be needed to clean the weapon systems:
Cleaning Rags
10-20. The recommended number of clean rags to use with the HTH solution
on each weapon system follows:
M60 machine gun/M249 SAW (three rags)
1: Bipod and barrel.
1: Forearm, carrying handle, and rear sight.
1: Feed-tray cover, shoulder stock, pistol grip, and trigger
assembly.
M203 grenade launcher (two rags)
1: M16A1/2 barrel, hand guard, receiver group, and butt stock.
1: M203 receiver group, sight, and exterior of the barrel.
M47 Dragon (three rags)
1: Exterior of the sight.
1: Bipod (if weapon is not fired).
1: Round (canister) (if weapon is not fired).
NOTE: Keep the electrical connector covered before the decon. The
Dragon’s rubber eyepiece can be removed and submerged in the
decontaminant.
TOW missile (M220 series) (seven rags)
1: Exterior of the night sight.
1: Exterior of the day sight.
1: Launch tube.
1: Traversing unit.
1: Tripod assembly.
1: Battery-power conditioner and cable. Ensure that the battery is
in a waterproof container or case.
1: Missile-guidance set and its cable.
Decon Procedures for Individual and Crew-Served Weapons 10-7
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
NOTE: Lock the bridge clamp after removing the round. Do not get
the HTH solution on the electrical connector under the bridge clamp
or on the post-amplifier cable.
66-millimeter rocket launcher (one rag)
AT4 LAW (one rag)
81-millimeter mortar (four rags)
1: Blast denature device and tube.
1: Bipod.
1: Base plate.
1: Exterior of the telescope.
60-millimeter mortar (three rags)
1: Tube (barrel) and handgrip.
1: Base plate and bipod.
1: Exterior of the telescope.
Water
3-21. Use five gallons of water (as a minimum) for the HTH mix. Change the
solution after 10 weapons are decontaminated.
Buckets
3-22. Use a minimum of two buckets for the procedures below.
Trash Bags
3-23. Dispose of the contaminated rags in plastic trash bags.
NBC Marking Kit
3-24. Mark the contaminated area once the decon procedures are completed.
Lubricants
3-25. Use the required lubricants for the weapon systems. Follow the
procedures specified in the applicable TMs.
PROCEDURES
3-26. The procedures on how to decon weapons and weapon systems with the
HTH solution are described below:
Step 1. Submerge the rag or cloth in the HTH solution and ensure
that the material is completely dampened.
Step 2. Wipe down the weapons and weapon systems with the rag
until the contamination is no longer suspected.
Step 3. Submerge the rag or cloth into a container of clean water (use
hot water when available) and wipe down the weapons and weapon
systems once more to remove the HTH or bleach solution.
Step 4. Completely dry the weapons and weapon systems once step 3
is completed.
Step 5. Lubricate the weapons and weapon systems.
10-8 Decon Procedures for Individual and Crew-Served Weapons
Appendix A
Conversions and Measurements
This appendix contains an English/Metric conversion chart (see Table A-
1). It also contains the measurements and weights of decontaminant
containers that are replacements for used containers (see Table A-2, page
A-2).
Table A-1. English/Metric Conversion Chart
To Convert
To
Multiply By
To Convert
To
Multiply By
Feet
Centimeters
30.48
Gallons
Milliliters
3,785
Miles
0.00019
Cubic meters
0.00379
Kilometers
0.00003
Meters
0.3048
Cubic yards
Cubic meters
0.76456
Quarts (fluid)
Millimeters
946.358
Liters
0.946333
Cubic feet
Cubic meters
0.02831702
Ounces
Grains
437.6
Liters
28.32
Drams
16
Pounds
0.0625
Grams
28.34952
Kilograms
0.02835
Yards
Meters
0.9144
Pounds
Grams
453.6
Kilograms
0.453592
Metric tons
0.0004536
Inches
Centimeter
2.54000508
Ounces
Milliliters
29.57353
(fluid)
Kilometers
2.54000508 x 10-5
Liters
0.02957
25.4000508
Millimeters
Square yards
Square meters
0.836
NOTE: For temperatures, Celsius = 5/9 (F° - 32°) and Fahrenheit = 9/5 (C° + 32°)
Conversions and Measurements A-1
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Table A-2. Measurements and Weights of Decontaminant Containers
Containers
Measurements
Weights
Drum, 55 gallons, 16 gauge
Volume12 cubic feet
Empty70 pounds
NSN 8110-00-597-2353
Length35 inches
Filled with water526 pounds
Width27.5 inches
Filled with STB (slurry)620
pounds
Filled with DS2507 pounds
Drum, 55 gallons, 18 gauge
Volume12 cubic feet
Empty50 pounds
NSN 8110-00-292-9783
Length35 inches
Filled with water506 pounds
Width27.5 inches
Filled with STB (slurry)600
pounds
Filled with DS2487 pounds
Ash and garbage can, 32 gallons
Volume7 cubic feet
Empty33 pounds
(GI can)
Length26.5 inches
Filled with water300 pounds
NSN 7240-00-160-0440
Width20 inches
Filled with STB (slurry)353
pounds
Filled with DS2288 pounds
Gasoline can, 5 gallons
Volume1 cubic foot
Empty10.5 pounds
NSN 7240-00-178-8286
Length18.50 inches
Filled with water52 pounds
Width6.75 inches
Filled with STB (slurry)66 pounds
Filled with DS250 pounds
Pail, 5 gallons, DS2
Volume1cubic foot
Empty6 pounds
NSN 7240-00-575-2243
Length13.75 inches
Filled with water48 pounds
Width11.12 inches
Filled with STB (slurry)61 pounds
Filled with DS246 pounds
Drum, 8 gallons, STB, 16 gauge
Volume1.4 cubic feet
Empty11 pounds
NSN 6850-00-297-6693
Length14 inches
Filled with water78 pounds
Width14 inches
Filled with STB (slurry)91 pounds
Filled with DS271 pounds
A-2 Conversions and Measurements
Appendix B
Decontaminants
The decontaminants listed in Tables B-1 through B-3, pages B-1 through
B-14, are grouped according to their classification: standard, nonstandard,
or natural. Each is identified by name and national stock number (NSN)
(where applicable). Also listed are brief directions on preparing the
decontaminants and any appropriate cautions and information on
application, coverage, substitute solutions, and related effectiveness of the
decontaminants.
Table B-1. Standard Decontaminants Available in the Supply System
Decontaminants
Use
Remarks
Cautions
Preparation
Decontaminating solu-
Bio
Is effective against all
Is extremely irritating to
Mixing is not required.
tion number 2; DS2 in a
Chem
known toxic chemical
the eyes and skin.
Issued in ready-to-use
11/3-quart can (NSN
and biological agents
Must wear protective
solutions.
6850-00-753-4827);
(except bacterial
mask and rubber
DS2 in a 14-liter con-
spores) if sufficient
gloves. If DS2 con-
tainer for the M13 DAP;
contact time is
tacts skin, wash area
(NSN 4230-01-136-
allowed.
with water. Do not
8888); DS2 in a 5-gallon
Must remain in contact
inhale vapors. Will
pail (NSN 6850-00-753-
with contaminated
cause a green or
4870)
surface for about 30
black color change
minutes.
upon contact with M8
Must be rinsed off with
detector paper and
water. Recheck the
cause a false/positive
item for contamina-
reading with M9
tion.
detector paper.
Can be used at temper-
Will ignite spontane-
atures above -15°F.
ously on contact with
Is used with the M11 or
STB or HTH.
M13 DAP or can be
Should not be spilled on
applied with brooms
the chemical protec-
and swabs.
tive overgarment.
Is most effective when
Is a combustible liquid
the application is
with a flash point of
accompanied by
160°F. Do not con-
scrubbing action.
fuse it with a fire extin-
guisher. Spraying
DS2 on surfaces
above 168°F will
ignite it.
Must not be used on
individual mask (dam-
ages Mylar diaphragm
in voicemitter assem-
bly).
Decontaminants B-1
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Table B-1. Standard Decontaminants Available in the Supply System (Continued)
Decontaminants
Use
Remarks
Cautions
Preparation
Decontaminating solu-
Will corrode aluminum,
tion number 2 (contin-
cadmium, tin, and
ued)
zinc; will soften
leather. May soften,
remove, or discolor
paint. Rinse well after
use and oil metal sur-
faces.
Is ineffective against
bacterial spores.
Supertropical bleach
Bio
Is effective against
Will ignite spontane-
Slurry paste: mix one
(NSN 6850-00-297-
Chem
lewisite, V and G
ously on contact with
50-pound drum of STB
6653)
agents, and biological
liquid blister agent or
with 6 gallons of water.
agents.
DS2.
Slurry paste consists
Must remain in contact
Will give off toxic vapors
of about equal parts
with contaminated sur-
on contact with G
(by weight) of STB and
face for at least 30
agent.
water.
minutes; then, wash
Is not recommended for
Dry mix: mix two shov-
off with clear water.
ship use. Store on top
els of STB to three
Does not effectively
deck only.
shovels of earth or
decon mustard if it has
Is corrosive to most
inert material (ashes).
solidified at low tem-
metals and damaging
Slurry mix, chemical:
peratures.
to most fabrics (rinse
mix will consist of 40
Should be applied sev-
thoroughly and oil
parts of STB to 60
eral times to porous
metal surfaces).
parts of water (by
surfaces.
Should not be inhaled
weight). To mix in the
or allowed to touch the
M12A1 PDDA, use
skin. When preparing
1,300 pounds of STB,
a slurry, wear a protec-
225 gallons of water,
tive mask or respira-
12½ pounds of antiset,
tory protective device.
24 ounces of antifoam.
Should be stored in an
Slurry mix, biological:
unheated warehouse
mix will consist of 7
away from combusti-
parts of STB to 93
bles and metals sub-
parts of water (by
ject to corrosion.
weight). To mix in the
M12A1 PDDA, use
150 pounds of STB,
225 gallons of water,
12½ pounds of antiset,
and 24 ounces of anti-
foam.
Camouflage: lamp-
black or dye mixes
may be added for
camouflage.
B-2 Decontaminants
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Table B-1. Standard Decontaminants Available in the Supply System (Continued)
Decontaminants
Use
Remarks
Cautions
Preparation
Mask sanitizing solution
Bio
Use on a previously
Fill a standard plastic
Chem
cleaned mask with fil-
canteen to the shoul-
ter elements/canisters
der with water. Add a
removed.
0.5-gram tube of cal-
Place the mask face up;
cium hypochlorite from
attach the canteen to
the water-purification
the mask at the drink-
kit (NSN 6810-00-266-
ing tube. Drain one
6976). Cover the can-
canteen full of sanitiz-
teen and shake vigor-
ing solution through
ously for 30 seconds.
the mask. Rinse the
Mix bulk quantities as
mask with two can-
follows: add 2.0 grams
teens of clear water.
of calcium hypochlo-
Immerse the mask and
rite from a 6-ounce jar
outserts in the sanitiz-
(NSN 6810-00-255-
ing solution. Agitate
0471) to 1 gallon of
the mask for 5 min-
water.
utes. Rinse it twice in
Use a ratio of about 1
clear water, agitating 2
pound of soap per gal-
to 3 minutes each
lon of water for smaller
time.
amounts of solution.
Dry all parts of the mask
Mix 2 pints of deter-
and reassemble.
gent to 450 gallons of
Use one gallon of solu-
water in the M12A1
tion for every 10
PDDA.
masks.
Soaps and detergents:
Rad
Scrub or wipe the con-
Are effective in physi-
Mix 75 pounds of pow-
detergent, GP, liquid
Bio
taminated surface with
cally removing con-
dered soap in 350 gal-
(NSN 7930-00-282-
Chem
a hot, soapy water
tamination. However,
lons of water. If
9699)
solution or immerse
casualty-producing
powdered soap is not
the item in the solu-
levels of contamina-
available, use bar
tion.
tion may remain in the
laundry soap (75
runoff water and must
pounds of soap cut
be considered con-
into 1-inch pieces and
taminated.
dissolved in 350 gal-
lons of hot water).
Use a ratio of about 1
pound of soap per gal-
lon of water for smaller
amounts of soap solu-
tion. Mix 2 pints of
detergent to 450 gal-
lons of water in an
M12A1 PDDA.
Decontaminants B-3
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Table B-1. Standard Decontaminants Available in the Supply System (Continued)
Decontaminants
Use
Remarks
Cautions
Preparation
Calcium hypochlorite
Bio
Is effective against
Precautions are the
Chemical: mix 5 pounds
(high-test hypochlorite
Chem
mustards, lewisite, V
same as for STB.
of decontaminant to 6
[HTH] or high-test
agents, and all biologi-
Pure calcium hypochlo-
gallons of water (10
bleach [HTB]) (NSN
cal agents, including
rite will burn on con-
percent solution).
6810-01-225-2682) (25
bacterial spores.
tact with VX, HD, or
Biological: mix 1 pound
pounds), (NSN 6810-
Will react rapidly (within
DS2.
of decontaminant to 6
00-225-0472) (100
5 minutes) with mus-
Agent is more corro-
gallons of water (2
pounds)
tards and lewisite.
sive than STB. Will
percent solution).
Should be allowed a 15-
destroy clothing, has a
PDDE: mix a slurry of 1
minute contact time for
toxic vapor, and will
part decontaminant to
biological agents.
burn the skin.
2 parts water (any
Will act faster than STB.
Protective mask and
heavier slurry will clog
Can be used as a dry
rubber gloves are the
the decon apparatus).
mix or slurry.
minimum protective
HTH should only be
equipment needed
used if STB is not
when handling.
available.
Table B-2. Nonstandard Decontaminants Available in the Supply System
Decontaminants
Use
Remarks
Cautions
Preparation
Oxidizing agents (nitric
Rad
Are effective in dissolv-
Are extremely corro-
Aqua regia is prepared
acid, aqua regia,
ing surfaces contain-
sive. Use only under
by mixing 3 parts of
sodium dichromate,
ing absorbed
the supervision of a
concentrated hydro-
and potassium perman-
radioactive contami-
trained individual.
chloric acid and 1 part
ganate)
nation.
Will require the use of
of concentrated nitric
Are applied to a sur-
a neoprene or rubber
acid. Other oxidizing
face or the item is
protective apron,
agents do not require
dipped. Exposure
gloves, boots, and
mixing.
must be limited due to
safety glasses when
the corrosive nature
handling. (Rubber
of the solution. Rinse
offers only limited
thoroughly with water
protection.)
and detergent and
then with clear water.
Iodine water purifica-
Bio
Are used when it is
None
None
tion tablets
impractical to boil
drinking water. Two
iodine tablets per
canteen are effective
against most biologi-
cal agents.
B-4 Decontaminants
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Table B-2. Nonstandard Decontaminants Available in the Supply System (Continued)
Decontaminants
Use
Remarks
Cautions
Preparation
Complexing (chelat-
Rad
Will aid in the physical
Do not neutralize con-
Mix 3 to 5 percent of
ing) agents (versene,
removal of absorbed
tamination. Runoff will
the agent (by weight)
citric acid, seques-
contamination on sur-
be contaminated.
in water.
terene, sodium citrate,
faces.
tartanic acid, sodium
Should be applied as a
oxalate, sodium tartrat-
film over the surface
egoxalic acid, ortho-
using the PDDE, fire-
phosphoric acid, and
fighting apparatus, or
similar agents)
tree or garden
sprayer.
Should be allowed a
30-minute contact
time and then flushed
with water.
Disinfectant chlorine
Bio
Use to decon utensils,
None
Dissolve one package
(NSN 6840-00-270-
mess gear, exteriors
of disinfectant in 20
8172)
of sealed containers,
gallons of warm pota-
and food products
ble water (100°F).
that can withstand
soaking. Dispose of
any food or vegeta-
bles that are dam-
aged and any outer
leaves that are
bruised or torn. Do
not cut or peel fruits
and vegetables
before disinfecting
them. Leave items in
the solution for 30
minutes and stir occa-
sionally. Rinse thor-
oughly in potable
water.
Decontaminants B-5
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Table B-2. Nonstandard Decontaminants Available in the Supply System (Continued)
Decontaminants
Use
Remarks
Cautions
Preparation
Disinfectant chlorine
Bio
Use the solution only
None
(continued)
once.
Prepare an emergency
solution by mixing one
level MRE spoonful of
calcium hypochlorite
(water disinfecting
powder) to each 10
gallons of water. If liq-
uid chlorine bleach is
available, use about
1/3-canteen cup of 5
percent chlorine
bleach to each 10 gal-
lons of water.
Make fresh solutions for
rinsing and disinfect-
ing utensils for each
100 persons.
Ethylene oxide
Bio
Is effective against all
Is flammable. Not rec-
None
microorganisms, to
ommended for interior
include bacterial
use.
spores.
Should be applied in the
strength of 30 pounds
for every 1,000 cubic
feet.
Should be allowed a 6-
hour contact time
(contact time must be
doubled for each 20°F
drop in temperature
below 75°F).
Should be used in an
airtight enclosure.
Formalin
Bio
Agent is effective
Vapors are very toxic.
No mixing is required.
(formaldehyde)
against all microorgan-
Agent will curl and dis-
However, less residue
isms, to include bacte-
color paper. Leaves a
remains and less aer-
rial spores.
white residue.
ation is required if the
Agent is used for inte-
A self-containing
mixture of 5 parts for-
rior decon of relatively
breathing apparatus is
malin and 3 parts
close areas.
required in closed
methanol is used.
Vapors should remain
spaces.
(Use this mixture at a
16 hours in a closed
Personnel handling or
rate of 4/5 quart per
structure; then, aerate
spraying the agent
1,000 cubic feet of
until the odor is no
should wear imperme-
space).
longer objectionable.
able protective cloth-
ing.
B-6 Decontaminants
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Table B-2. Nonstandard Decontaminants Available in the Supply System (Continued)
Decontaminants
Use
Remarks
Cautions
Preparation
Formalin
Bio
Optimum conditions for
Personnel entering an
(formaldehyde) (contin-
spraying formalin are
area containing for-
ued)
70° to 80°F with an
malin vapors
85 percent relative
should
humidity. The mini-
• Wear a protective
mum effective relative
mask.
humidity is 70 per-
• Wear washable
cent. At 60°F, the
outer clothing,
exposure should be
fastened to prevent
increased to 24
vapors from
hours.
entering at wrists,
Agent is applied as a
ankles, or neck.
vapor from standard
• Remove outer
insecticide sprayers
clothing after
or is vaporized by
emerging from
heat or a bubbling
vapors.
steam from a pan.
• Shower and put on
clean clothing as
soon as possible.
Vapors are not flam-
mable; open flame
should not be used
for vaporizing when
methanol has been
added to the agent.
When steam is used,
the source of the
steam should be out-
side the area being
decontaminated.
Detrochlorite
Bio
Agent is a thickened
Agent is very corro-
Mix by weight 19.3 per-
bleach that is very
sive.
cent diatomaceous
useful on vertical sur-
See Preparation col-
earth, 0.5 percent
faces.
umn.
anionic wetting agent,
Coverage is 1 gallon
2.9 percent calcium
per 8 square yards.
hypochlorite (70 per-
Apply by means of
cent available chlo-
the PDDA. Allow 30
rine), and 77.3
minutes contact time,
percent water.
then rinse with water.
Mix wetting agent and
diatomaceous earth
with water before
adding the calcium
hypochlorite. Mixing
the wetting agent and
calcium hypochlorite
in a dry and undi-
luted state may cause
an explosion.
Decontaminants B-7
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Table B-2. Nonstandard Decontaminants Available in the Supply System (Continued)
Decontaminants
Use
Remarks
Cautions
Preparation
Peracetic acid (PAA)
Bio
Agent is effective
Fumes are highly irri-
Available as a 40 per-
against all microor-
tating.
cent solution. Mix 1
ganisms, to include
Prolonged exposure
quart of PAA to 3½
bacterial spores.
will damage most
gallons of water (add
A contact time of 10
material.
PAA to the water).
minutes must be
A 40 percent solution
allowed.
has a low flash point
Item should be wiped
(105°F); a 3 percent
with a rag or swab.
solution is nonflam-
Remove excess acid
mable.
and aerate for 10 to
Burns and blistered on
15 minutes or until no
the skin will occur.
objectionable odor
Agent must be stored
remains.
in original containers
Small items should be
under refrigeration to
immersed for 10 min-
prevent decomposi-
utes. Remove excess
tion.
acid and aerate until
Protective mask and
no objectionable odor
clothing are required.
remains.
A violent explosion
may result if heavy
metal ions come in
contact with the
agent.
Prolonged exposure
will corrode iron and
deteriorate rubber,
plastic, and leather.
Hyamine (benzetho-
Bio
Agent is effective
Agent is very toxic.
Use a 0.1 to 1 percent
nium chloride)
against all bacteria.
Estimated fatal dose to
solution (1 pound of
A contact time of 5 to
man is 1 to 3 grams.
hyamine for every 12
30 minutes should be
Care should be taken
gallons of water
allowed.
when mixing to avoid
yields a 1 percent
inhalation of powder.
solution).
Agent is not to be used
on aircraft or ships.
Carbon dioxide and
Bio
Should be applied in
Will blister the skin.
None
ethylene oxide mix-
the strength of 30
Aerate items next to
ture (with more than
pounds for every
the skin 18 to 24
87 percent ethylene
1,000 cubic feet.
hours.
oxide)
Should be allowed a
12-hour contact time
(doubled for each
20°F drop in tempera-
ture below 75°F).
Is nonflammable and is
recommended for
interior use.
Should be used in an
airtight enclosure.
B-8 Decontaminants
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Table B-2. Nonstandard Decontaminants Available in the Supply System (Continued)
Decontaminants
Use
Remarks
Cautions
Preparation
Sodium hypochlorite
Bio
Is effective against blis-
Is harmful to the skin
For chemical decon, no
solution (household
Chem
ter and V agents and
and clothing if undi-
mixing is required.
bleach)
all biological agents.
luted. Remove from
For biological decon,
Will react rapidly (within
the skin and clothing
dilute by adding 2
5 minutes) with blister
by flushing with water.
parts bleach to 10
and V agents.
Is corrosive to metals
parts water.
Should be allowed a 10-
unless rinsed, dried,
For decon of cotton
to 15-minute contact
and lubricated after
clothing and utensils,
time for biological
decon.
dilute 2 cups of bleach
agents.
Should be stored in a
to 1 gallon of water.
Should be applied undi-
cool place.
For application, dilute
luted with brooms,
half and half with water
brushes, or swabs.
and spray from the
Is the preferred decon
PDDE.
for ship use. A 5:1 con-
centration is recom-
mended.
Has a limited storage
problem.
2-Propanone (acetone)
Chem
Freezing point is
Is extremely flammable.
None
-203°F; boiling point is
Does not neutralize
133°F (evaporates
agents.
rapidly).
Is effective for dissolv-
Good decontaminant for
ing and flushing agent
use in arctic regions.
by physically remov-
Commonly obtained as
ing it.
fingernail polish
remover or paint thin-
ners.
Scrubbing increases its
effectiveness.
Dietyl ether
Chem
Freezing point is
Is the same as for 2-
None
-241°F; boiling point is
propanone.
93°F.
Good decontaminant for
use in arctic regions.
Available through medi-
cal supply facilities.
Scrubbing increases its
effectiveness.
Decontaminants B-9
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Table B-2. Nonstandard Decontaminants Available in the Supply System (Continued)
Decontaminants
Use
Remarks
Cautions
Preparation
Ethylene glycol
Chem
Scrub on contaminated
Removes contamina-
Mix equal amounts of
surfaces and rinse
tion, but does not neu-
solution and water.
thoroughly.
tralize it. Therefore,
runoff residue must be
considered contami-
nated.
Solvents (gasoline, JP-
Chem
Scrub on contaminated
Is the same as for ethyl-
None
4, diesel fuel, kero-
surfaces and rinse
ene glycol.
sene, and similar sol-
thoroughly.
May damage materials
vents)
such as rubber and
plastic.
Sodium hydroxide
Bio
Is effective against G
Agent will damage the
Small amount10
(caustic soda or lye)
Chem
agents, lewisite, and
skin, eyes, and
pounds of lye to 12
(NSN 6810-00-174-
all biological agents,
clothes and can cause
gallons of water (10
6581)
(100 pounds)
including bacterial
upper respiratory or
percent solution). Mix
spores.
lung damage if
in an iron or steel con-
Will neutralize G agents
inhaled.
tainer (never alumi-
on contact.
Full rubber protective
num, zinc, or tin). Add
Should be allowed to
clothing, gloves,
lye to the water to pre-
remain in contact with
boots, and mask are
vent boiling and splat-
the chemically con-
required when using.
tering due to heat
taminated surface for
Affected area must be
being emitted. Do not
about 15 minutes.
washed immediately
handle mixing con-
with large amounts of
tainer with bare
water and flushed with
hands.
diluted acetic acid or
Large amount (PDDE
vinegar. Remove
use)Prepare a solu-
affected clothing. If
tion of 227 grams (½
eyes are involved,
pound) of lye for each
flush them at once
gallon of water. Pump
with large amounts of
350 gallons of water
warm water and seek
into the tank unit. Con-
medical attention.
nect the tank unit,
Runoff from decon
pump unit, and heater
operations is highly
together. Heat the
corrosive and toxic.
water to 122°F. Dis-
Drain runoff into a
connect the heater
sump and bury.
unit and add 175
Equipment must be
pounds of lye to the
flushed with large
heated water. Circu-
amounts of clear
late the solution with
water.
the pump unit until all
the lye is dissolved.
The temperature will
increase noticeably.
Use while hot.
B-10 Decontaminants
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Table B-2. Nonstandard Decontaminants Available in the Supply System (Continued)
Decontaminants
Use
Remarks
Cautions
Preparation
Sodium hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide
Simultaneous mixing
(caustic soda or lye)
• Is not recommended
and applyingSprin-
(NSN 6810-00-174-
for ship use. Store
kle dry lye on the con-
6581)
(100 pounds)
on top deck only.
taminated area and
(continued)
• Is corrosive to most
then dissolve it with a
spray of steam or hot
metals.
water. Do not wash the
• Is not recommended
lye off the surface
if less toxic caustic
while applying the
decontaminants are
steam or hot water.
available. Will cause
Paint removal1 pound
a red color change
of lye per 2½ gallons
upon contact with
of water is capable of
M8 detector paper.
removing an average
Agent’s effectiveness
coat of paint from
is directly propor-
about 11 square yards
tional to the strength
of surface. This solu-
of the solution.
tion is effective in
removing paint on
which chemical con-
tamination has
absorbed. (Can substi-
tute calcium hydrox-
ide, potassium
hydroxide, or trisodium
phosphate for sodium
hydroxide.)
Sodium carbonate
Chem
Is effective against G
Should not be used for
Mix 10 pounds of wash-
(washing soda, soda
agents and CN.
VX. It cannot detoxify
ing soda to 12 gallons
ash, sal soda, or laundry
Will react rapidly with G
VX and creates
of water (10 percent
soda)
agents, normally within
extremely toxic by-
solution).
5 minutes.
products.
Is the preferred decon-
Does not dissolve mus-
taminant for ship use.
tard agents or detoxify
The recommended
them.
concentration is 5 per-
cent by weight. There
is no storage problem.
Should be used with a
hot solution to decon
CN effectively.
Potassium hydroxide
Bio
Is the same as for
Is the same as for
Is the same as for
(caustic potash)
Chem
sodium hydroxide.
sodium hydroxide.
sodium hydroxide.
Hexachloramelamine
Chem
Is effective against
May require the use of a
Is not soluble in water
mustard agents.
protective mask and
but is soluble in
rubber gloves when
organic solvents such
used.
as gasoline, kero-
Is corrosive to metal.
sene, and paint thin-
ner.
Decontaminants B-11
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Table B-2. Nonstandard Decontaminants Available in the Supply System (Continued)
Decontaminants
Use
Remarks
Cautions
Preparation
Ammonia or ammonium
Chem
Is effective against G
May require the use of a
Ammonium hydroxide is
hydroxide (household
agents.
self-contained breath-
a water solution of
ammonia)
Is slower acting than
ing apparatus or spe-
ammonia. No further
sodium hydroxide or
cial purpose mask.
mixing is required.
potassium hydroxide.
Dichloramine-B and
Chem
Is effective against mus-
May require the use of a
Is not soluble in water,
Dichloramine-T
tard agents.
protective mask and
but is soluble in certain
rubber gloves when
organic solvents.
used.
Is normally mixed as a
Is corrosive to metal.
10 percent solution in
dichloroethane.
Perchloroethylene (tet-
Chem
Freezing point is -8°F;
Physically dissolves
Requires no mixing
rachloroethylene)
boiling point is 250°F.
and removes contami-
(practically insoluble in
Agent
nation, but does not
water).
Is good for use in
neutralize it.
arctic climates.
Is a nonflammable,
synthetic solvent
widely used in dry
cleaning plants.
Dissolves H and V
agents but not G.
• Has a low toxicity.
Scrubbing increases its
effectiveness.
Acids (sulfuric acid,
Rad
Are effective solvents
Are difficult to handle
None
hydrochloric acid, oxalic
for rust and mineral
and are harmful to the
acid, and similar acids)
deposits holding radio-
body, especially the
active material on
eyes.
metal surfaces.
Can produce boiling
Should be allowed a 1-
and splattering of the
hour contact time.
solution when mixed.
Must be flushed with
May require the use of
water, scrubbed with a
rubber boots, gloves,
water-detergent solu-
aprons, and goggles
tion, and flushed again
when used.
with water.
Will require the use of
respiratory protection
when used in closed
areas.
Can cause serious
injury when they come
in contact with the
body. Flush the area
immediately with
water. Use a 5 percent
solution of water and
baking soda (sodium
bicarbonate).
B-12 Decontaminants
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Table B-3. Natural Decontaminants
Decontaminants
Use
Remarks
Cautions
Preparation
Water
Rad
Can be used to flush
Is effective in physically
Hot water with soap
Bio
contamination from
removing contamina-
makes water more
Chem
surfaces.
tion, but does not neu-
effective in removing
tralize it. Do not use
agents. Boiling for 15
water on lewisite.
minutes (30 minutes at
high altitude) destroys
biological agents.
Steam
Rad
Is more effective when
Is effective in physically
None
Bio
accompanied by
removing contamina-
Chem
scrubbing.
tion, but does not neu-
tralize it.
Absorbents (earth, saw-
Chem
Are used to remove
The contamination is
dust, ashes, rags, and
gross contamination,
transferred from the
similar materials)
physically, from sur-
surface to the absor-
faces.
bent. The absorbent
becomes contami-
nated and must be dis-
posed of accordingly.
Sufficient contamina-
tion to produce casual-
ties may well remain
on surfaces.
Sealants (concrete,
Rad
Sealants are used to
A break in the surface
None
asphalt, earth, paint,
Bio
physically seal in or
of the sealant will
and similar materials)
Chem
shield contamination.
expose the contamina-
They are effective as
tion.
follows:
Contaminated areas
12 inches of earth
covered with sealants
provides a good
must be marked with
protection from
appropriate NBC
fallout (3 inches will
warning signs.
reduce the dose
rate about one
half).
1 inch of asphalt or
concrete
completely absorbs
alpha and beta
radiation.
Decontaminants B-13
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Figure B-3. Natural Decontaminants (Continued)
Decontaminants
Use
Remarks
Cautions
Preparation
Sealants (concrete,
Rad
1/4 inch of grout
A break in the surface
None
asphalt, earth, paint,
Bio
shields alpha and
of the sealant will
and similar materials)
Chem
bata radiation.
expose the contamina-
(continued)
4 inches of earth
tion.
provides good
Contaminated areas
protection from
covered with sealants
chemical
must be marked with
contamination.
appropriate NBC
Burying items contami-
warning signs.
nated with biological
agents is an effective
means of sealing off
contamination.
Weather/time
Rad
UV light kills most bio-
Should be used when
None
Bio
organism agents,
time and the mission
Chem
organisms, and radia-
permits.
tion decay overtime.
Burning
Bio
Must be approved by
Creates downwind haz-
None
Chem
the first general officer
ards.
in the chain of com-
Requires that sentries
mand.
be posted to keep
people out of the dan-
ger area.
B-14 Decontaminants
Appendix C
Decon of Specific Surfaces and Materials
Table C-1, pages C-1 through C-7, lists specific surfaces or materials and
explains briefly how to best decon each for chemical, biological, or
radiological contamination.
Table C-1. Decon Procedures for Specific Surfaces and Materials
Surface or
Types of Contamination and How to Decon
Material
Chemical
Biological
Radiological
Asphalt roads
Flush with water.
Weather (remain masked).
Brush or sweep.
(applicable to
Spray with an STB slurry
Wet with water (will help pre-
Flush with water (this may
small vital
from the PDDE.
vent secondary aerosols
drive some of the contami-
areas only)
Cover with STB (pure form).
but does not decon).
nation into the surface;
When liquid contamina-
Apply 2 percent household-
waste must be controlled).
tion is visible and person-
bleach solution.
Clean with a vacuum.
nel are nearby, use the
Spray with an STB slurry
STB dry mix.
from the PDDE.
Weather.
Pour, spray, or spread oil on
Cover small areas or paths
the surface (will help pre-
across roads with 4
vent secondary aerosols,
inches of earth.
but does not decon).
Roofs
Follow the same directions
Follow the same directions
Follow the same directions
as for asphalt roads.
as for asphalt roads.
as for asphalt roads.
Apply detrochlorite; leave on
at least 30 minutes, then
flush with water.
Brick and
Weather.
Follow the same directions
Follow the same directions
stone roads
Spray with an STB slurry
as for asphalt roads.
as for asphalt roads.
(applicable to
from the PDDE or apply
Use abrasion (sand blast-
small vital
with brushes and brooms.
ing). This provides direct
areas only)
Leave on for 24 hours,
and complete removal of
then flush with water.
contaminated dust; how-
Wash with soapy water,
ever, sand and equipment
preferably hot.
being used becomes con-
Cover small areas or paths
taminated.
across roads with 4
inches of earth.
Decon of Specific Surfaces and Materials C-1
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Table C-1. Decon Procedures for Specific Surfaces and Materials (Continued)
Surface or
Types of Contamination and How to Decon
Material
Chemical
Biological
Radiological
Brick and
Spray with an STB slurry
Follow the same directions
Follow the same directions
stone build-
from the PDDE or apply
as for asphalt roads.
as for brick and stone
ings, bun-
with brushes and brooms.
Apply an STB slurry to verti-
roads.
kers, gun
Leave on for 24 hours,
cal surfaces by manual
emplace-
then flush with water.
means or with the PDDE.
ments, and
Use STB (pure form) or an
The slurry may be left on
tank obsta-
STB dry mix around build-
exteriors.
cles
ings where waste water
runs.
Wash with soapy water,
preferably hot.
Weather.
Concrete
Spray with an STB slurry
Follow the same directions
Follow the same directions
roads (appli-
from the PDDE.
as for asphalt roads.
as for brick and stone
cable to
Cover with an STB slurry or
roads.
small vital
STB dry mix.
areas only)
Weather.
Cover small areas or paths
across roads with 4
inches of earth.
Scrape the layer of contami-
nated earth to the side of
the road.
Earth (applica-
Spray with an STB slurry
Follow the same directions
Earth moving (removal): Try
ble to small
from the PDDE.
as for asphalt roads.
to control contaminated
vital areas
Cover with STB (pure form).
Burn.
dust, as equipment may
only): roads,
When liquid contamina-
become contaminated.
gun
tion is visible and person-
Consider waste disposal.
emplace-
nel are nearby, use an
Sealing (with earth): Does
ments, biv-
STB dry mix.
not create a waste-dis-
ouac areas,
Weather.
posal problem; however,
pathways,
Cover small areas or paths
equipment may be con-
and bomb
across roads with 4
taminated.
craters
inches of earth.
Scrape the layer of contami-
nated earth to the side of
the road.
Grass and low
Burn.
Burn.
Follow the same directions
vegetation:
Spray with an STB slurry
Follow the same directions
as for earth.
fields and
from the PDDE.
as for asphalt roads.
open terrain
Cover with STB (pure form)
or an STB dry mix.
Explode drums of STB.
Clear paths through area
using detonating cord or
other detonating devices.
C-2 Decon of Specific Surfaces and Materials
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Table C-1. Decon Procedures for Specific Surfaces and Materials (Continued)
Surface or
Types of Contamination and How to Decon
Material
Chemical
Biological
Radiological
Undergrowth,
Burn (may cause a down-
Burn.
Follow the same directions
tall grass
wind vapor hazard).
Follow the same directions
as for earth.
(applicableto
Spray slurry with PDDE.
as for sand.
small vital
Explode drums of STB.
areas only):
Clear a path with detonating
meadows,
cord, bangalore torpe-
jungles, and
does, or demolition
forests
snakes.
Sand (applica-
Flush with water.
Burn.
Follow the same directions
ble to small
Use DS2.
as for earth.
vital areas
Spread STB (pure form) or
only):
spray an STB slurry over
beaches and
the surface.
deserts
Weather.
Cover paths with roofing
paper.
Scrape off 2 to 4 inches of
contaminated top layer.
Fabrics: can-
Cotton: NOTE: Not for
Cotton:
Cotton and woolen:
vas, covers,
MOPP gear.
Boil in water for 15 minutes.
Using DS2 is not recom-
tarpaulins,
Immerse in boiling, soapy
Autoclave for 45 minutes at
mended.
tentage,
water for 1 hour (1 pound
253oF.
Brushing removes contami-
mask carri-
of soap to 10 gallons of
Immerse in a 2 percent
nation dust, but it presents
ers, web
water) and stir.
household-bleach solution
a dust hazard to person-
gear, and
Use a 5 percent sodium-
for 30 minutes and rinse
nel.
clothing
carbonate solution for G
immediately.
Laundering is the most prac-
agents.
Launder (destroys or inacti-
tical procedure; however,
Immerse in boiling water for
vates all but highly resis-
the fabric may shrink. Try
1 hour.
tant spores).
to control waste.
Launder by standard meth-
ods.
Woolen:
Use an STB slurry.
Do not use DS2, as it is not
Weather except for V
recommended.
agents.
Launder (fabric may shrink).
Woolen:
Do not use DS2, as it is not
recommended.
Immerse in warm, soapy
water (100oF) for 1 hour
or longer with light agita-
tion.
Dry items slowly because
the fabric may shrink.
Decon of Specific Surfaces and Materials C-3
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Table C-1. Decon Procedures for Specific Surfaces and Materials (Continued)
Surface or
Types of Contamination and How to Decon
Material
Chemical
Biological
Radiological
Leather: boots,
Scrub with hot, soapy water
Immerse in a 2 percent
Brush.
gloves, and
and rinse.
household-bleach solution
Flush with water or soapy
other items
Immerse in warm, soapy
and rinse.
water.
water at 120oF for 4 hours
Immerse in a 2 percent PAA
and rinse.
for 10 minutes, rinse, and
Use a 5 percent sodium-
air 10 to 15 minutes.
carbonate solution for G
Wipe with a 2 percent PAA,
agents.
remove excess agent, and
Air.
air 10 to 15 minutes.
Glass, win-
Use an IEDK or DS2.
Use an IEDK.
Use an IEDK.
dows
Wash with hot, soapy water.
Wash with soap and water.
Wash with a detergent.
Rinse with clear water or an
Wipe with a disinfectant solu-
Flush with water.
organic solvent.
tion or a 2 percent PAA
Wipe with solvents.
Blot off surface.
(see similar procedures on
Air.
page C-7 for mess gear).
Weather.
Glass, lens
Wash with hot, soapy water.
Wash with hot, soapy water.
Brush or wipe (be careful so
Rinse with clear water or an
Wipe with alcohol or house-
as not to scratch the lens).
organic solvent.
hold bleach.
Use compressed air to blow
Blot off surface.
contamination from sur-
Air.
face.
Weather.
Metal
Wipe with soapy water.
Wipe with soapy water.
Brush or wipe.
(unpainted),
Wipe with organic solvent
Wipe with a 2 percent house-
ammunition
and dry.
hold-bleach solution.
Air.
Air.
Metal
Use DS2.
Use DS2.
Brush or wipe.
(unpainted),
Follow the same directions
Wipe with a 2 percent PAA,
Wash with a detergent.
machinery
as for ammunition.
rinse, and air 10 to 15 min-
Flush with water.
utes.
Metals
Use DS2 (may soften paint).
Wash with a detergent and a
Brush or wipe.
(painted):
Wash with hot, soapy water
high-pressure water sys-
Wash.
vehicles,
and rinse.
tem.
Use organic solvents, caus-
weapons,
Spray with an STB slurry
Apply detrochlorite. Leave it
tic agents (not on alumi-
and equip-
from the PDDE then
on for 30 minutes then
num or magnesium
ment
remove it in 1 hour and oil
remove by washing with a
surfaces), complexing
the surface.
stream of water.
agents (of small value on
Weather.
Steam clean using a deter-
weathered surfaces), or
Air.
gent.
abrasives.
Use an IEDK to decon indi-
Use a household-bleach
vidual gear.
solution.
Use a 2 percent PAA.
C-4 Decon of Specific Surfaces and Materials
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Table C-1. Decon Procedures for Specific Surfaces and Materials (Continued)
Types of Contamination and How to Decon
Surface or
Material
Chemical
Biological
Radiological
Wood
Apply an STB slurry with the
Apply detrochlorite. Leave it
Wash the interior with large
(unpainted
PDDE, brooms, or swabs.
on for at least 30 minutes
amounts of water (some
surfaces):
Let the slurry remain 12 to
then flush with water.
contamination may soak
buildings, vehi-
24 hours then flush with
Apply an STB slurry to verti-
into surfaces).
cle bodies,
water. Repeat the appli-
cal surfaces. The slurry
boxes,
cation and flush again.
may be left on interiors.
crates, and
Scrub with hot, soapy water
Weather (sun and rain elimi-
similar items
and rinse.
nate most microorganisms
Weather.
within 1 day).
Burn.
Wood (painted
Apply an STB slurry with the
Follow the same directions
Wash the interior with large
surfaces):
PDDE, brooms, or swabs.
as for wood (unpainted sur-
amounts of water.
buildings and
Let the slurry remain 12 to
faces).
Wipe the contamination
boxes
24 hours then flush with
from the surface.
water.
Scrub with hot, soapy water
and rinse.
Use DS2 and rinse. DS2
may soften paint.
Weather.
Plastics
Use DS2 (may soften or
Follow the same directions
Wash with a detergent.
(opaque):
damage some plastics).
as for glass lens.
Flush with water.
insulation,
Wash with hot, soapy water
Wipe or brush.
telephones,
and rinse.
and panel
Weather.
boards
Air.
Plastics (trans-
Use DS2 (may soften or
Follow the same directions
Wash with a detergent.
parent): eye-
damage some plastics).
as for glass lens.
Flush with water.
pieces and
Wash with hot, soapy water
Wipe or brush.
airplane can-
and rinse.
opies
Weather.
Air.
Nonsealed
Use a mild, evaporative sol-
Use a mild, evaporative sol-
Use hot-air blowers.
electronic
vent such as alcohol.
vent such as alcohol.
Wipe or brush.
equipment
Use DS2.
Use DS2.
Use a mild detergent and
Use a mild detergent and
water.
water.
Rinse with distilled water.
Rinse with distilled water.
Keep the solution out of the
Keep the solution out of the
adjustable switches, con-
adjustable switches, con-
nectors, and relays.
nectors, and relays.
Use hot-air blowers.
Use hot-air blowers.
Decon of Specific Surfaces and Materials C-5
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Table C-1. Decon Procedures for Specific Surfaces and Materials (Continued)
Types of Contamination and How to Decon
Surface or
Material
Chemical
Biological
Radiological
Rubber (imper-
Spray with DS2 and rinse
Follow the same directions
Brush.
meable):
after 30 minutes.
as for leather.
Scrub or flush with water or
aprons, suits,
Immerse in soapy water
soapy water.
and other
(just below the boiling
items
point) for 1 hour. Do not
agitate. Rinse with clear
water and hang to dry.
Use a 10 percent sodium-
carbonate solution for G
agents, rinse, and air.
Apply hot, soapy water with
brushes and rinse.
Spray with an STB slurry
from the PDDE.
Wash off, after a few min-
utes, with clear water.
Rubber (natu-
Spray with a 10 percent
Follow the same directions
Brush.
ral and syn-
mixture of HTH and rinse.
as for leather.
Scrub or flush with water or
thetic):
Immerse in STB slurry for 4
soapy water.
gloves and
hours, rinse, and dry.
boots
Use an IEDK in emergen-
cies.
Air.
Rubber: mask
Use IEDK in emergencies.
Follow the same directions
Brush.
facepieces
Wash with warm, soapy
as for leather.
Scrub or flush with water or
and other
water.
soapy water.
rubber arti-
cles coming
in direct con-
tact with the
skin
Rubber: tires,
Spray with a 10 percent
Follow the same directions
Brush.
hoses, mats,
mixture of HTH and rinse.
as for leather.
Scrub or flush with water or
and insula-
Apply an STB slurry. Allow
soapy water.
tion
the slurry to remain at
least 30 minutes then
flush with clear water
(may be left on tires).
Apply hot, soapy water.
Air.
Weather.
Water
Use trained water-purifica-
Boil small amounts 15 min-
Flocculation (requires spe-
tion personnel to decon.
utes.
cial chemicals to remove
Chlorinate using a chlorina-
suspended matter).
tion kit.
Ion exchange (removes
Add iodine water-purification
radians from solution).
tablets to small amounts.
C-6 Decon of Specific Surfaces and Materials
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Table C-1. Decon Procedures for Specific Surfaces and Materials (Continued)
Surface or
Types of Contamination and How to Decon
Material
Chemical
Biological
Radiological
Mess gear and
Immerse in boiling, soapy
Wash with soap and water,
Wash with soap and water
canned
water for 30 minutes and
then immerse in disinfec-
and rinse.
rations
rinse.
tant solution (disinfectant,
Brush and then wipe con-
Immerse in boiling water for
chlorine or1/3 cup of house-
tamination from surfaces
30 minutes.
hold bleach per 10 gallons
and containers.
Spray with DS2.
of water).
Wash in hot, soapy water;
Boil in water for 15 minutes
rinse; and air.
(not effective on toxins and
bacterial spores.) Immerse
in a 5 percent sodium-car-
bonate solution (4 pounds
of washing soda to 10 gal-
lons of water) and rinse
with potable water.
Immerse in a household-
bleach solution (2 gallons
of bleach to 25 gallons of
water) for 30 minutes,
rinse, and air for 10 to 15
minutes.
Immerse in an HTH solution
(½ pound to 25 gallons of
water) for 30 minutes and
rinse.
Immerse in a 2 percent PAA
for 10 minutes, rinse, and
air 10 to 15 minutes.
Food: not
Do not consume food that is
Boil water 15 minutes. Cook
Wash or trim contamination
canned or
suspected to be contami-
food thoroughly.
from unpackaged food.
protected by
nated with chemical
Immerse in or spray with a 2
imperme-
agents until veterinary
percent household-bleach
able con-
personnel approve it.
solution.
(Packaged food
tainer
or food that is peeled or
pared can be immersed or
sprayed with the solution.)
Food: canned,
Follow the same directions
Follow the same directions
Follow the same directions
bottled, or
as for mess gear and
as for mess gear and
as for mess gear and
protected by
canned rations.
canned rations.
canned rations.
imperme-
able con-
tainer
Paper currency
Destroy by burning. Do not
Destroy by burning. Do not
Destroy by burning. Do not
decon.
decon.
decon.
Coins
Wipe with soapy water.
Use UV rays.
Brush or wipe.
Wipe with an organic sol-
Wash with soapy water.
Wash with a detergent.
vent.
Wipe with a 2 percent house-
Flush with water.
hold-bleach solution.
Air.
Decon of Specific Surfaces and Materials C-7
Appendix D
Decon Kits, Apparatuses, and Equipment
Various materials and equipment are used in decon operations. Some are
simple to use and are readily available to individual soldiers. Others are
very complex to use and are available only to specially trained teams.
Table D-1, pages D-1 and D-2, lists the decon equipment and materials for
the different use levels; Table D-2, pages D-3 through D-5, lists the
detection equipment and materials for the different use levels.
Table D-1. Decon Equipment and Materials
Item and Description
Use
Limitations
Reference
Individual
Decontaminating kit,
To decon your skin, com-
Is for external use only.
TM 3-4230-229-10
skin, M291 SDK,
pletely, through physical
(NSN 4230-01-276-
removal, absorption, and
WARNING
1905)
(20 kits per box)
neutralization of toxic agent
Keep decon powder
with no long-term effects
out of eyes, cuts, or
wounds. It could
NOTE: Use this kit for both
slightly irritate the
actual combat and training
skin or eyes.
purposes.
Decon kit, individual
To decon your chemical pro-
TM 3-4230-235-10
WARNING
equipment, M295,
tective gloves, mask, hood,
Do not use for skin
IEDK, (NSN 6850-01-
overboots, LCE, and
decon. Keep off the
357-8456)
weapon.
skin and out of
wounds, eyes, and
mouth.
Decontaminating appa-
To spray DS2 on surfaces of
Cannot refill DS2 con-
TM 3-4230-214-
ratus, portable, M13
vehicles and equipment.
tainer. See Table A-2,
12&P
DAP, (3.7 gal), (NSN
page A-2, for a list of
TM 43-0001-26-1
4230-01-133-4124). It
replacement contain-
has a 3.7-gallon dis-
ers.
posable DS2container.
The apparatus can be
mounted to a standard
5-gallon fuel can
mount on vehicles and
equipment.
Decon Kits, Apparatuses, and Equipment D-1
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Table D-1. Decon Equipment and Materials (Continued)
Item and Description
Use
Limitations
Reference
Battalion Decon Crew and Chemical Company
Decontaminating appara-
To spray decon agent,
Do not use with defoli-
LO 3-4230-209-12
tus, power driven, skid
STB slurries, and
ants, herbicides, or
LO 5-2805-259-12
mounted, multipurpose, inte-
solutions as well as
insecticides.
TM 3-4230-209-
gral, 500 gallon, M12A1
hot, soapy water
20&P
PDDA, (NSN 4230-00-926-
rinses during field
TM 43-0001-26-1
9488), LIN F81880. Appara-
decon operations.
tus includes pump unit, tank
To pump water or foam
unit, and M2 water heater
to fight fires, de-ice
(all mounted on skids).
items, wash vehi-
cles, and pump vari-
ous fluids.
Decontaminating system,
To perform operational
TM 3-4230-228-10
lightweight, M17 LDS, (NSN
and thorough decon of
4230-01-251-8702). The
vehicles and equipment.
M17 is a portable pump and
Can also be used for
water-heating unit for pro-
troop showers, as nec-
ducing hot water and steam.
essary.
The system incorporates a
1,580- to 3,000-gallon col-
lapsible water tank, two
wand assemblies, and con-
necting hoses.
D-2 Decon Kits, Apparatuses, and Equipment
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Table D-2. Detection Equipment and Materials
Item and Description
Use
Limitations
Reference
Individual
Paper, chemical
To detect the presence
Cannot be used to detect
TM
3-6665-254-12
agent, detector, VGH,
of liquid V, G, and H
vapors or chemical agents
TM
3-6665-268-10
M8, (NSN 6665-00-
chemical agents
in water, DS2, or petroleum
TM
3-6665-307-10
050-8529). Paper is
products. May cause false
TM
43-0001-26-1
issued in a book of 25
readings.
sheets, perforated for
easy removal. A color-
comparison bar chart
is printed on the inside
front cover.
Paper, chemical
To detect the presence
Cannot be used to detect
TM
3-6665-311-10
agent, detector, M9,
of liquid V, G, and H
vapors or chemical agents
(NSN 6665-01-226-
chemical agents
in water. Will not stick to
5589). Paper is
dirty, oily, or greasy sur-
issued in a 7-ounce
faces. Contamination indica-
dispenser box that
tions cannot be read under
contains one 30-foot
red light or by color-blind
roll of 2-inch-wide
soldier. The following can
detector paper and
cause false readings:
plastic storage bags.
• Temperatures above
The paper has an
125°F.
adhesive back for
• Brake fluid.
attaching to equipment
• Aircraft cleaning com-
and clothing.
pound.
• DS2.
• Petroleum products.
• Insect repellent.
Company
Chemical-agent alarm,
To detect chemical
TM
3-6665-321-
WARNING
automatic, M22 ACAA,
nerve agents in the air.
12&P
Radiation hazard. Con-
(NSN 6665-01-438-
tains beta emitters.
6983)
Chemical-agent alarm,
To detect chemical
TM 3-6665-312-
WARNING
automatic, M8A1
nerve agents in the air.
12&P
Radiation hazard. Con-
ACAA, (NSN 6665-01-
tains Americium (AM241).
105-5623). It can be
vehicle-mounted,
back-packed, or
ground-emplaced.
Decon Kits, Apparatuses, and Equipment D-3
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Table D-2. Detection Equipment and Materials (Continued)
Item and Description
Use
Limitations
Reference
Chemical-agent moni-
To search out areas; to
Cannot be used as a detector.
TM
3-6665-331-10
tor system (CAM)
search and locate con-
The CAM is a monitor and not
(NSN 6665-01-199-
tamination on person-
a detector. Since it is a moni-
4153)
nel, equipment, ship's
tor, it can become contami-
structure, aircraft, land
nated and overloaded
vehicles, buildings,
(saturated). The CAM can only
and terrain; and to
report conditions at the front of
monitor for effective-
the inlet probe. It is, therefore,
ness of decon. Can
a point monitor only and can-
also be used for moni-
not give a realistic assessment
toring collective protec-
of the vapor hazard over an
tion. The CAM
area from one position.
responds to nerve- and
blister-agent vapors
WARNING
down to the lowest
Beta radiation hazard.
concentration that
could affect personnel
over a short period.
Detector kit, chemical
To detect liquid G, V,
TM
3-6665-307-10
agent, M256A1 (NSN
and H chemical agents
6665-01-438-6983). It
using M8 detector
contains M8 detector
paper and to detect
paper for liquid agents
and determine the type
and samplers/detec-
of vapor (G, V, H, and
tors for vapors.
AC) using samplers/
detectors.
D-4 Decon Kits, Apparatuses, and Equipment
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Table D-2. Detection Equipment and Materials (Continued)
Item and Description
Use
Limitations
Reference
Radiac set, AN/VDR-2
To measure gamma radi-
TM
11-6665-251-10
(NSN 6665-01-222-
ation dose rates from
1425)
0.01 uGy/hr to 100 Gy/hr;
to detect and display the
level of beta particle dose
rates from 0.1 uGy/hr to 5
cGy/hr; and to measure,
store, and display accu-
mulated dose rates from
0.01 uGy to 9.99 Gy. The
instrument consists of a
radiac meter with an
internal sensor for obtain-
ing dose rates during
both mounted and dis-
mounted operations. It
has a second sensor
housed in a probe and
attached to the radiac
meter with a cable and
input connector. It is used
for monitoring personnel,
supplies, and equipment.
The radiac set uses a
presettable, an audible,
and a visual warning
device integral to the
radiac meter. The sys-
tem is air-transportable
and organic to all units.
Computer indicator,
To measure the accumu-
radiac, CP696/PDR-
lated neutron and gamma
75; detector, radiac/
radiation dose recorded
DT236/PDR-75; radiac
by the DT236. A person
set, AN/PDR-75, (NSN
who may be exposed to
6665-01-211-4217)
radiation from tactical
nuclear weapons wears
the DT236 on his wrist.
Decon Kits, Apparatuses, and Equipment D-5
Appendix E
DTD Station Charts for Chemical Unit
Leaders and NBC NCOs
This appendix provides station charts for the DTD. They can be laminated
and posted at each station. They provide the station number and on the
reverse side, instructions for the station supervisor/attendant. They are not
meant to be all-inclusive and do not include setup procedures or equipment
requirements. They are an easy guide for soldiers going through a decon and
for station supervisors/attendants.
DTD Station Charts for Chemical Unit Leaders and NBC NCOs E-1
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
STATION 1
INDIVIDUAL-
GEAR
DECON
E-2 DTD Station Charts for Chemical Unit Leaders and NBC NCOs
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
TASK: Remove contamination to
a negligible risk from individual gear
(LCE, mask carrier, helmet, and weapon)
The soldier—
Decontaminates his own gloves with hot, soapy water or an STB
slurry.
Decontaminates his hose and canister (if wearing the M42 mask)
with either hot, soapy water and a sponge or an STB slurry mix.
Decontaminates his own gear by washing and scrubbing it for 4
minutes in a decontaminant container with hot, soapy water or
an STB slurry mix.
The attendant—
Takes the gear to the equipment checkpoint and places it on the
"dirty" side of the contamination control line (engineer tape).
Waits as the monitor holds the detection device 1 inch from the
gear and checks it for residual contamination.
Recycles any gear that is above one bar.
Places the gear on the clean side of the contamination control
line if it passes the check.
Carries the gear to the reissue point.
NOTE: Change the slurry mix after 20 soldiers have decontaminated
their gear and the rinse water after 10 soldiers or when it appears
dirty (place the waste in the sump).
DTD Station Charts for Chemical Unit Leaders and NBC NCOs E-3
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
STATION 2
OVERBOOT
AND
HOOD DECON
E-4 DTD Station Charts for Chemical Unit Leaders and NBC NCOs
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
TASK: Neutralize gross contamination on
overboots, lower trouser legs,
protective mask, and hood
The soldier walks into the shuffle pit and spreads his legs apart
(double-shoulder width), bends at the waist, and uses his hands to
thoroughly rub the STB dry mix or the STB slurry on his overboots
and lower trouser legs.
Buddy #1 cuts the shoulder straps and drawcord on Buddy #2’s
hood. He pulls Buddy #2’s hood inside out over the front of the
mask, being careful not to touch the exposed neck or head. Buddy
#1 gathers Buddy #2’s hood in one hand and using a cutting tool,
cuts away the hood as close as possible to the eye-lens outsert,
voicemitter, and inlet-valve cover. Make sure nothing is left
dangling below the bottom of the mask. If a replacement hood is
not available, decon Buddy #2’s hood in the same manner as for a
MOPP-gear exchange.
The attendant—
Instructs Buddy #1 on how to roll Buddy #2’s hood to ensure
that it is accomplished to standard.
Will monitor the shuffle pit and add more STB after 10 soldiers
have processed through it.
DTD Station Charts for Chemical Unit Leaders and NBC NCOs E-5
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
STATION 3
OVERGARMENT
REMOVAL
E-6 DTD Station Charts for Chemical Unit Leaders and NBC NCOs
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
TASK: Remove contaminated overgarment
before the agent penetrates material and
touches the undergarments or the skin
The attendant
Assists the soldier in removing his overgarment.
Cuts or removes the M9 detector paper from around the
soldier’s wrist.
Unfastens the Velcro closure over the jacket zipper.
Unties the waist cord and unfastens the Velcro straps on the
soldier’s jacket.
Unfastens the back snaps.
Cuts or removes the M9 detector paper from the soldier’s
trousers, if binding.
Unfastens the Velcro straps and zipper on the cuffs of the
soldier’s trousers.
Unfastens the front waist snaps and unzips the front zipper. He
has the soldier lift one leg and point that foot down and bend
slightly at the knees for stability.
Grasps the cuff of the elevated boot with a hand on each side
and pulls the cuff in an alternating, jerking motion until the
soldier can step out of the trouser leg. The process is repeated
on the other leg.
DTD Station Charts for Chemical Unit Leaders and NBC NCOs E-7

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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