FM 3-99 Airborne and Air Assault Operations (MARCH 2015) - page 6

 

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FM 3-99 Airborne and Air Assault Operations (MARCH 2015) - page 6

 

 

Glossary
The glossary lists acronyms and terms with Army or joint definitions. Where Army and joint
definitions differ, (Army) precedes the definition. Terms for which FM 3-99 is the proponent
are marked with an asterisk (*).The proponent manual for other terms is listed in parentheses
after the definition.
SECTION I - ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Acronym
Definition
A
AACG
arrival airfield control group
AADC
area air defense commander
AAGS
Army air-ground system
AAMDC
Army air missile defense command
AATF
air assault task force
AATFC
air assault task force commander
ABCT
Armored brigade combat team
ABN
airborne
ABNAFC
airborne assault force commander
ABNAF
airborne assault force
ABN IBCT
airborne Infantry brigade combat team
ABNTF
airborne task force
ABNTFC
airborne task force commander
ACL
allowable cargo load
A/DACG
arrival/departure airfield control group
ADAM
air defense airspace management
ADP
Army doctrine publication
ADRP
Army doctrine reference publication
AGL
above ground level
ALCC
airlift control center
ALCE
airlift control element
AMCM
air mission coordination meeting
AMD
air missile defense
AMPS
Aviation Mission Planning System
ANGLICO
Air-naval gunfire liaison company
APOD
aerial port of debarkation
ATP
Army techniques publication
ATTP
Army tactics, techniques, and procedures
AWACS
Airborne Warning and Control System
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FM 3-99
Glossary-1
Glossary
Acronym
Definition
B
BAE
brigade aviation element
BAO
brigade aviation officer
BCT
brigade combat team
BN
battalion
C
CAN
combat aviation network
CAOC
combat air operations center
CARP
computed air release point
CATF
commander, amphibious task force
CBRN
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear
CCIR
commander’s critical information requirement
CDRJSOTF
commander, joint special operation task force
CH
cargo helicopter
CLF
commander, landing force
CONOPS
concept of operations
D
DACG
departure airfield control group
DACO
departure airfield control officer
DA
Department of the Army
DD
Department of Defense form
DZ
drop zone
E
EDRE
emergency deployment readiness exercise
EPLRS
Enhanced Position Location Reporting System
F
FAC (A)
forward air controller (airborne)
FARP
forward arming and refueling point
FASCAM
field artillery scatterable mines
FBCB2
Force XXI Battle Command-Brigade and Below
FM
field manual
FRAGORD
fragmentary order
FSCM
fire support coordination measures
FSC
forward support company
FRIES
Fast-Insertion/Extraction System
Glossary-2
FM 3-99
6 March 2015
Glossary
Acronym
Definition
G
GMRS
Ground Marked Relief System
H
HAHO
high-altitude high-opening parachute
HALO
high-altitude low-opening parachute
HEPI
heavy equipment point of impact
HF
high frequency
HIDACZ
high-density airspace control zone
HMMWV
high-mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle
I
IBCT
Infantry brigade combat team
ICODES
Integrated Computerized Deployment System
ISB
intermediate staging base
J
J-2
intelligence directorate of a joint staff
J-3
operations directorate of a joint staff
JACC/CP
joint airborne communication center/command post
JFACC
joint force air component commander
JFLCC
joint force land component commander
JFMCC
joint force maritime component commander
JIOC
joint intelligence operations center
JIPOE
joint intelligence preparation of the operational
environment
JOPP
joint operation planning process
JP
joint publication
JPADS
Joint Precision Airdrop System
JSOA
joint special operations area
JSTARS
Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System
JTAC
joint terminal attack controller
L
LACC
loading area control center
LZ
landing zone
LRSC
long-range surveillance company
M
MDMP
military decisionmaking process
METT-TC
mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and
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Glossary-3
Glossary
Acronym
Definition
support available-time available, and civil
considerations
MILDEC
military deception
MMEE
minimum mission essential equipment
N
NCO
noncommissioned officer
NVG
night vision goggles
O
OAKOC
observation and fields of fire, avenues of approach,
key terrain, obstacles, cover and concealment
OPORD
operation order
OPSEC
operationssecurity
P
POL
petroleum, oils, and lubricants
PZ
pickup zone
PZCO
pickup zone control officer
PZNCOIC
pickup zone noncommissioned officer-in-charge
R
RADC
regional air defense commander
RATELO
radiotelephone operator
RDSP
rapid decisionmaking and synchronization process
RSOI
reception, staging, onward movement, integration
S
S-1
personnel staff officer
S-2
intelligence staff officer
S-3
operations staff officer
S-4
logistics staff officer
S-6
signal staff officer
S-9
civil affairs operations staff officer
SATCOM
satellite communication
SBCT
Stryker brigade combat team
SDAC
sector air defense commander
SEAD
suppression of enemy air defenses
SIPRNET
Secret Internet Protocol Router Network
SLOC
sea lines of communication
SOP
standard operating procedure
Glossary-4
FM 3-99
6 March 2015
Glossary
Acronym
Definition
SPIES
Special Patrol Insertion/Extraction System
T
TACP
tactical air control party
TACSAT
tactical satellite
TAIS
Tactical Airspace Integration System
TM
technical manual
U
UH
utility helicopter
UHF
ultra-high frequency
USAF
United States Air Force
USMC
United States Marine Corps
USN
United States Navy
U.S.
United States
V
VHF
very high frequency
W
WARNORD
warning order
SECTION II - TERMS
air assault
The movement of friendly assault forces by rotary-wing aircraft to engage and destroy enemy forces or
to seize and hold key terrain. (JP 3-18)
air assault force
A force composed primarily of ground and rotary-wing air units organized, equipped, and trained for
air assault operations. (JP 3-18)
air assault operation
An operation in which assault forces, using the mobility of rotary-wing assets and the total integration
of available firepower, maneuver under the control of a ground or air maneuver commander to engage
enemy forces or to seize and hold key terrain. (JP 3-18)
air movement
Air transport of units, personnel, supplies, and equipment including airdrops and air landings. (JP 3-17)
airborne assault
The use of airborne forces to parachute into an objective area to attack and eliminate armed resistance
and secure designated objectives. (JP 3-18)
airborne operation
An operation involving the air movement into an objective area of combat forces and their logistic
support for execution of a tactical, operational, or strategic mission. (JP 3-18)
6 March 2015
FM 3-99
Glossary-5
Glossary
airfield
An area prepared for the accommodation (including any buildings, installations, and equipment),
landing, takeoff of aircraft. (JP 3-17)
airhead
A designated area in a hostile or potentially hostile operational area that, when seized and held, ensures
the continuous air landing of troops and materiel and provides the maneuver space necessary for
projected operations. (JP 3-18)
airhead line
A line denoting the limits of the objective area for an airborne assault. (JP 3-18)
airspace coordinating measures
Measures employed to facilitate the efficient use of airspace to accomplish missions and
simultaneously provide safeguards for friendly forces. (JP 3-52)
airspace coordination area
A three-dimensional block of airspace in a target area, established by the appropriate ground
commander, in which friendly aircraft are reasonably safe from friendly surface fires. The airspace
coordination area may be formal or informal. (JP 3-09.3)
*assault echelon
(Army) The element of a force that is secheduled for initial assault on the objective area.
boundary
A line that delineates surface areas for the purpose of facilitating coordination and deconfliction of
operations between adjacent units, formations, or areas. (JP 3-0)
civil considerations
The influence of manmade infrastructure, civilian institutions, and activities of the civilian leaders,
populations, and organizations within an area of operations on the conduct of military operations.
(ADRP 5-0)
close air support
Air action by fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft against hostile targets that are in close proximity to
friendly forces and that require detailed integration of each air mission with the fire and movement of
those forces. (JP 3-0)
close combat attack
A coordinated attack by Army attack reconnaissance aircraft (manned and unmanned) against enemy
forces that are in close proximity to friendly forces. The close combat attack is not synonymous with
close air support flown by joint aircraft. Terminal control from ground units or controllers is not due to
the capabilities of the aircraft and the enhanced situational understanding of the aircrew. (FM 3-
04.126)
combatidentification
The process of attaining an accurate characterization of detected objects in the operational environment
to support an engagement decision. (JP 3-09)
command group
The commander and selected staff members who assist the commander in controlling operations away
from a command post. (FM 6-0)
commander’s intent
A clear and concise expression of the purpose of the operation and the desired military end state that
supports mission command, provides focus to the staff, and helps subordinate and supporting
commanders act to achieve the commander’s desired results without further orders, even when the
operation does not unfold as planned. (JP 3-0)
concept of operations
Glossary-6
FM 3-99
6 March 2015
Glossary
A statement that directs the manner in which subordinate units cooperate to accomplish the mission
and establishes the sequence of actions the force will use to achieve the end state. (ADRP 5-0)
concealment
The protection from observation or surveillance. (ADRP 1-02)
control measure
A means of regulating forces or warfighting functions. (ADRP 6-0)
cover
Protection from the effects of fires. (ADRP 1-02)
D-day
The unnamed day on which a particular operation commences or is to commence. (JP 3-02)
decisive operation
The operation that directly accomplishes the mission. (ADRP 3-0)
electromagneticoperational environment
The background electromagnetic environment and the friendly, neutral, and adversarial
electromagnetic order of battle within the electromagnetic area of influence associated with a given
operational area. (JP 6-01)
electromagnetic spectrummanagement
The planning, coordinating, and managing use of the electromagnetic spectrum through operational,
engineering, and administrative procedures. (JP 6-01)
fire support coordination measure
A measure employed by commanders to facilitate the rapid engagement of targets and simultaneously
provide safeguards for friendly forces. (JP 3-0)
*follow-onechelon
(Army) Those additional forces moved into the objective area after the assault echelon.
forcible entry
The seizing and holding of a military lodgment in the face of armed opposition. (JP 3-18)
H-hour
The specific hour on D-day at which a particular operation commences. (JP 3-02)
information environment
The aggregate of individuals, organizations, and systems that collect, process, disseminate, or act on
information. (JP 3-13)
informationoperations
The integrated employment, during military operations, of information-related capabilities in concert
with other lines of operation to influence, disrupt, corrupt, or usurp the decisionmaking of adversaries
and potential adversaries while protecting our own. (JP 3-13)
information superiority
The operational advantage derived from the ability to collect, process, and disseminate an
uninterrupted flow of information while exploiting or denying an adversary’s ability to do the same.
(JP 3-13)
informationsystem
Equipment that collect, process, store, display, and disseminate information. This includes computers—
hardware and software—and communications, as well as policies and procedures for their use. (ADP 6-
0)
intermediate staging base
A tailorable, temporary location used for staging forces, sustainment and/or extraction into and out of
an operational area. (JP 3-35)
6 March 2015
FM 3-99
Glossary-7
Glossary
lodgment
A designated area in a hostile or potentially hostile operational area that, when seized and held, makes
the continuous landing of troops and materiel possible and provides maneuver space for subsequent
operations. (JP 3-18)
main effort
A designated subordinate unit whose mission at a given point in time is most critical to overall mission
success. (ADRP 3-0)
marshalling
The process by which units participating in an amphibious or airborne operation group together or
assemble when feasible or move to temporary camps in the vicinity of embarkation points, complete
preparations for combat, or prepare for loading. (JP 3-17)
mission command
The exercise of authority and direction by the commander using mission orders to enable disciplined
initiative within the commander's intent to empower agile and adaptive leaders in the conduct of
unified land operations. (ADP 6-0)
*N-hour
The time a unit is notified to assemble its personnel and begin the deployment sequence.
*N-hour sequence
Starts the reverse planning necessary after notification to have the first assault aircraft en route to the
objective area for commencement of the parachute assault according to the order for execution.
obstacles
Any natural or man-made obstruction designed or employed to disrupt, fix, turn, or block the
movement of an opposing force, and to impose additional losses in personnel, time, and equipment on
the opposing force. (JP 3-15)
P-hour
The specific hour on D-day at which a parachute assault commences with the exit of the first Soldier
from an aircraft over a designated drop zone. P-hour may or may not coincide with H-hour. (FM 6-0)
phase
A planning and execution tool used to divide an operation in duration or activity. (ADRP 3-0)
planned target
A target that is known to exist in the operational environment, upon which actions are planned using
deliberate targeting, creating effects which support the commander’s objectives. (JP 3-60)
*rear echelon
The echelon containing those elements of the force that are not required in the objective area.
reconnaissance
A mission undertaken to obtain, by visual observation or other detection methods, information about
the activities and resources of an enemy or adversary, or to secure data concerning the meteorological,
hydrographic, or geographic characteristics of a particular area. (JP 2-0)
reorganization
All measures taken by the commander to maintain unit combat effectiveness or return it to a specified
level of combat capability. (FM 3-90-1)
restricted operations area
Airspace of defined dimensions, designated by the airspace control authority, in response to specific
operational situations/requirements within which the operation of one or more airspace users is
restricted. (JP 3-52)
Glossary-8
FM 3-99
6 March 2015
Glossary
security operations
Those operations undertaken by a commander to provide early and accurate warning of enemy
operations, to provide the force being protected with time and maneuver space within which to react to
the enemy, and to develop the situation to allow the commander to effectively use the protected force.
(ADRP 3-90)
shaping operation
An operation that establishes conditions for the decisive operation through effects on the enemy, other
actors, and the terrain. (ADRP 3-0)
supporting effort
A designated subordinate unit with a mission that supports the success of the main effort. (ADRP 3-0)
surveillance
The systematic observation of aerospace, surface, or subsurface areas, places, persons, or things, by
visual, aural, electronic, photographic, or other means. (JP 3-0)
sustaining opeation
An operation at any echelon that enables the decisive operation or shaping operation by generating and
maintaining combat power. (ADRP 3-0)
taskorganization
A temporary grouping of forces designed to accomplish a particular mission. (ADRP 5-0)
verticalenvelopment
A tactical maneuver in which troops that are air-dropped, air-landed, or inserted via air assault, attack
the rear and flanks of a force, in effect cutting off or encircling the force. (JP 3-18)
*X-hour
The unspecified time that commences unit notification for planning and deployment preparation in
support of potential contingency operations that do not involve rapid, short notice deployment.
*X-hour sequence
An extended sequence of events initiated by X-hour that allow a unit to focus on planning for a
potential contingency operation, to include preparation for deployment.
6 March 2015
FM 3-99
Glossary-9
References
REQUIRED PUBLICATIONS
These documents must be available to the intended user of this publication.
ADRP 1-02. Terms and Military Symbols. 24 September 2013.
JP 1-02. Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms. 8 November 2010.
JOINT PUBLICATIONS
Most joint publications are available online:
JP 2-0. Joint Intelligence. 22 October 2013.
JP 2-01. Joint and National Intelligence Support to Military Operations. 5 January 2012.
JP 2-01.3. Joint Intelligence Preparation of the Operational Environment. 21 May 2014.
JP 3-0. Joint Operations. 11 August 2011.
JP 3-01. Countering Air and Missile Threats. 23 March 2012.
JP 3-02. Amphibious Operations. 18 July 2014.
JP 3-03. Joint Interdiction. 14 October 2011.
JP 3-05. Special Operations. 16 July 2014.
JP 3-09. Joint Fire Support. 12 December 2014.
JP 3-09.3. Close Air Support. 25 November 2014.
JP 3-11. Operations in Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Environments.
4 October
2013.
JP 3-13. Information Operations. 27 November 2012.
JP 3-13.3. Operations Security. 4 January 2012.
JP 3-13.4. Military Deception. 26 January 2012.
JP 3-14. Space Operations. 29 May 2013.
JP 3-15. Barriers, Obstacles, and Mine Warfare for Joint Operations. 17 June 2011.
JP 3-17. Air Mobility Operations. 30 September 2013.
JP 3-18. Joint Forcible Entry Operations. 27 November 2012.
JP 3-30. Command and Control of Joint Air Operations. 10 February 2014.
JP 3-32. Command and Control for Joint Maritime Operations. 07 August 2013.
JP 3-35. Deployment and Redeployment Operations. 31 January 2013.
JP 3-40. Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction. 31 October 2014.
JP 3-52. Joint Airspace Control. 13 November 2014.
JP 3-59. Meteorological and Oceanographic Operations. 7 December 2012.
JP 3-60. Joint Targeting. 31 January 2013.
JP 5-0. Joint Operation Planning. 11 August 2011.
JP 6-0. Joint Communications System. 10 June 2010.
JP 6-01. Joint Electromagnetic Spectrum Management Operations. 20 March 2012.
ARMY PUBLICATIONS
Most army doctrinal publications are available online:
https://armypubs.us.army.mil/doctrine/Active_FM.html.
ADP 3-0. Unified Land Operations. 10 October 2011.
6 March 2015
FM 3-99
References-1
References
ADP 5-0. The Operations Process. 17 May 2012
ADP 6-0. Mission Command. 17 May 2012.
ADRP 2-0. Intelligence. 31 August 2012.
ADRP 3-0. Unified Land Operations. 16 May 2012.
ADRP 3-05. Special Operations. 31 August 2012.
ADRP 3-37. Protection. 31 August 2012.
ADRP 3-90. Offense and Defense. 31 August 2012.
ADRP 5-0. The Operations Process. 17 May 2012.
ADRP 6-0. Mission Command. 17 May 2012.
ATP 1-02.1. Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Multi-Service Brevity Codes. 23
October 2014.
ATP 2-01. Plan Requirements and Assess Collection. 19 August 2014.
ATP 2-01.3. Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield/Battlespace. 10 November 2014.
ATP 3-01.4. Multiservice Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Joint Suppression of Enemy Air
Defense (J-SEAD). 19 July 2013.
ATP 3-09.32. JFIRE Multiservice Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for the Joint Application of
Firepower. 30 November 2012.
ATP 3-36. Electronic Warfare Techniques. 16 December 2014.
ATP 3-60.1. Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Dynamic Targeting. 7 May 2012.
ATTP 3-18.04. Special Forces Special Reconnaissance Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures. 5
January2011.
ATP 4-02.2. Medical Evacuation. 12 August 2014.
ATP 5-19. Risk Management. 14 April 2014.
FM 2-0. Intelligence Operations. 15 April 2014.
FM 2-22.3. Human Intelligence Collector Operations. 6 September 2006.
FM 3-01. United States Army Air and Missile Defense Operations. 15 April 2014.
FM 3-04.111. Aviation Brigades. 7 December 2007.
FM 3-04.113. Utility and Cargo Helicopter Operations. 7 December 2007.
FM 3-04.126. Attack Reconnaissance Helicopter Operations. 16 February 2007.
FM 3-04.155. Army Unmanned Aircraft System. 29 July 2009.
FM 3-05. Army Special Operations. 9 January 2014.
FM 3-05.210. Special Forces Air Operations. 27 February 2009.
FM 3-09.Field Artillery Operations and Fire Support. 4 April 2014.
FM 3-14. Army Space Operations. 19 August 2014.
FM 3-16. The Army in Multinational Operations. 8 April 2014.
FM 3-17.2. Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques and Procedures for Airfield Opening. 15 May 2007.
FM 3-21.8. The Infantry Rifle Platoon and Squad. 28 March 2007.
FM 3-21.10. The Infantry Rifle Company. 27 July 2006.
FM 3-21.20. The Infantry Battalion. 13 December 2006.
FM 3-21.38. Pathfinder Operations. 25 April 2006.
FM 3-35. Army Deployment and Redeployment. 21 April 2010.
FM 3-38. Cyber Electromagnetic Activities. 12 February 2014.
FM 3-52. Airspace Control. 8 February 2013.
FM 3-55. Information Collection. 3 May 2013.
FM 3-55.93. Long-Range Surveillance Unit Operations. 23 June 2009.
References-2
FM 3-99
6 March 2015
References
FM 3-60. The Targeting Process. 26 November 2010.
FM 3-90-1. Offense and Defense Volume 1. 22 March 2013.
FM 3-90-2. Reconnaissance, Security, and Tactical Enabling Tasks Volume 2. 22 March 2013.
FM 3-90.6. Brigade Combat Team. 14 September 2010.
FM 3-94. Theater Army, Corps, and Division Operations. 21 April 2014.
FM 6-0. Commander and Staff Organization and Operations. 5 May 2014.
FM 6-02. Signal Support to Operations. 22 January 2014.
FM 6-02.53. Tactical Radio Operations. 5 August 2009.
FM 6-05. CF-SOF Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Conventional Forces and
Special Operations Forces Integration, Interoperability, and Interdependence.
13 March 2014.
FM 27-10. The Law of Land Warfare. 18 July 1956.
TC 3-21.220. Static Line Parachuting Techniques and Training. 28 April 2014.
TM 4-48.09. Multiservice Helicopter Sling Load Basic Operations and Equipment. 23 July 2012.
WEBSITES
Army Knowledge Online, https://armypubs.us.army.mil/doctrine/index.html.
Army Publishing Directorate, http://www.apd.army.mil/.
Central Army Registry (CAR) on the Army Training Network (ATN), https://atiam.train.army.mil. CAC or
AKO login required.
PRESCRIBED FORMS
There are no prescribed forms for this publication.
REFERENCED FORMS
Forms are available on the APD Web site (www.apd.army.mil )
DA Form 2028. Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms.
DA Form 7382. Sling Load Inspection Record.
DD Form 1387-2. Special Handling Data/Certification
DD Form 2131. Passenger Manifest.
6 March 2015
FM 3-99
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