FM 3-11 MULTISERVICE TACTICS, TECHNIQUES, AND PROCEDURES FOR NUCLEAR, BIOLOGICAL, AND CHEMICAL DEFENSE OPERATIONS (MARCH 2003) - page 5

 

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FM 3-11 MULTISERVICE TACTICS, TECHNIQUES, AND PROCEDURES FOR NUCLEAR, BIOLOGICAL, AND CHEMICAL DEFENSE OPERATIONS (MARCH 2003) - page 5

 

 

e.
Serial 4. The adversary possesses NBC warfare agents and delivery systems. The
NBCDE is available and the training status is considered at par or equal to that of the US.
NBC weapons have already been employed in the theater and an attack is considered
imminent. Indicators are an NBC attack in progress but not in the AO, NBC
warnings/signals to enemy troops, NBC munitions delivered to firing units within range of
friendly forces, and/or the movement of surface-to-surface missiles to a launch site. Unit
actions may include the following:
(1)
US forces should deploy with NBCDE in the unit load.
(2)
Personnel should either wear the overgarments or carry them in their
rucksacks or NBC bags.
(3)
Personnel should also change protective mask filters before deployment.
(4)
Decontamination and NBC reconnaissance assets should be task-organized
and responsive to commanders’ requirements. Contingency stocks of NBCDE may be made
readily available (i.e., located at battalion trains).
(5)
CDMs are initiated and CP systems are placed into a state of readiness.
2.
Completing NBC Threat Status Matrix
a.
This threat status can be assessed separately for nuclear (N), biological (B), or
chemical (C) threats. For example, it would be possible to have a C status of three and a B
status of zero. This threat status provides a decision tool that can be used to support CCIR.
b.
The threat status can change rapidly. Although a C status of zero may exist
during deployment, the adversary may seize TIM or obtain warfare agents from a
sponsoring nation. Therefore, the commander must be capable of upgrading the NBC
defense posture quickly.
c.
To assist in the formulation of the threat status, the NBC staff (in conjunction
with the intelligence section) must analyze all information received. A tool in this analysis
is the threat status matrix depicted in Table E-1.
E-3
Table E-1. NBC Threat Status Matrix
Serial Number
Conditions
1
2
3
4
Enemy force information
Training status.
NBC equipment availability.
Wearing overgarments.
In CPS, in position with overhead cover, or exposed.
Enemy NBC policy and capabilities
What is enemy’s stated policy on NBC weapons
employment?
Can enemy produce NBC weapons?
Has industrial output increased or changed for production of
NBC munitions or protective equipment?
NBC weapons systems
Are weather and terrain favorable for an NBC attack?
Have NBC weapons been used in theater?
Are enemy decontamination/reconnaissance units forward?
Have NBC weapons been moved to firing units (launch
site)?
TOTALS (circle current status).
d.
More than one matrix may be necessary to determine the NBC threat status.
e.
To use the matrix, place an X in the appropriate blocks and add each column.
The column with the most Xs provides a means to identify what threat status serial
number could be used to identify an indication of the enemy force’s intent. If an overall
threat status cannot be determined due to an information shortfall, collection assets should
be reallocated or repositioned to gain the needed information.
f. Once the threat status estimate has been assessed, the NBC staff must analyze
the protection level required for friendly forces. This is accomplished by examining key
factors such as—
(1)
Understanding the mission and commander’s intent for friendly forces.
(2)
Capabilities and level of training of friendly forces.
(3)
MOPP analysis and work degradation factors contained in documents such
as FM 3-11.4, Multiservice Procedures for Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical (NBC)
Protection, or other appropriate service publications.
(4)
Availability of CDE and decontamination assets.
E-4
(5)
Location and availability of desalinization plants (for arid areas).
(6)
Location of civilian TIM manufacturing and storage facilities. TIM at these
facilities may be used for commercial purposes. Further, TIM stored in these facilities may
produce areas of contamination if storage containers leak (either intentional or
unintentional).
(7)
Availability of civilian-contracted labor and water transport for
decontamination operations.
(8)
Determining the location of sites in urban areas that could be used for
equipment decontamination (i.e., car washes). These sites may be used in lieu of immediate
decontamination stations. Obtain data on local fire hydrants (such as location and
hookups). Hydrants may be used to provide water for decontamination operations.
g.
The NBC staff must carefully prepare the threat status and identify the
protection level required for friendly forces to withstand an NBC attack or TIM incident.
This information is vital to the commander and for the successful accomplishment of the
mission.
E-5
Appendix F
NBC DEFENSE DOCTRINE HIERARCHY
A key series of multiservice doctrine and TTP manuals provide commanders and staff
with information concerning NBC defense for the strategic, operational, and tactical levels
of war. Joint doctrine guidance is furnished in JP 3-11 (below); this document is supported
by a series of supporting multiservice TTP publications. These manuals support a
framework that furnishes commanders with the doctrine and TTP to support key areas
such as avoidance, protection, HSS, and fixed site protection. (Some manuals are yet to be
published.)
1.
Published Manuals
The following manuals are available to commanders and their staffs. The manuals
are current as of the dates listed.
JP 3-11, Joint Doctrine for Operations in Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical (NBC)
Environments, 11 July, 2000.
FM 3-11.21, Multiservice Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Nuclear,
Biological, and Chemical Aspects of Consequence Management, 12 December 2001.
FM 3-11.34/MCRP 3-37.5/NWP 3-11.23/AFTTP(I) 3-2.33, Multiservice Tactics,
Techniques, and Procedures for NBC Defense of Theater Fixed Sites, Ports, and
Airfields, 29 September 2000.
FM 4-02.283/NTRP 4-02.21/AFJMAN(I) 44-151/MCRP 4-11.1B, Treatment of
Nuclear and Radiological Casualties, 20 December 2001.
FM 8-10-7, Health Service Support in a Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical
Environment, 22 April 1993.
FM 8-284/NAVMED P-5042/ AFMAN (I) 44-156/MCRP 4-11.1C, Treatment of
Biological Warfare Casualties, 17 July 2000.
FM 8-285/NAVMED P-5041/AFJMAN 44-149/FMFM 11-11, Treatment of Chemical
Agent Casualties and Conventional Military Chemical Injuries, 22 December 1995.
FM 8-9/NAVMED P-5059/AFJMAN 44-151, NATO Handbook on the Medical Aspects
of NBC Defensive Operations, AmedP-6(B), 1 February 1996.
2.
Manuals Under Development
Several multiservice manuals pertaining to various aspects of the chemical mission
are currently in various stages of production and will be available in the future. These
manuals include—
MTTP for Contamination Avoidance.
F-1
MTTP for NBC Protection.
MTTP for NBC Decontamination.
Field Behavior of NBC Agents.
Technical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Agents.
MTTP for NBC Vulnerability Analysis.
MTTP for NBC Reconnaissance.
F-2
Appendix G
BASIC STANDARDS OF PROFICIENCY
This appendix addresses the levels of proficiency for NBC defense personnel and
provides a recommended organization for NBC defense. Individuals must be trained in the
concepts of NBC defense in order to survive under the conditions of an NBC attack and to
make their contribution toward the survivability and operating proficiency of the unit in an
NBC environment. Individual standards of proficiency are shown as survival and basic
operating actions. Survival standards are those that the individual must master in order to
survive NBC attacks. Basic operating standards are those that the individual must master
in order to contribute to the continued operations of the unit as a whole under NBC
conditions.
This appendix implements STANAG 2150,
NATO Standards of Proficiency for NBC Defense
1.
Individual Protection
Individuals should normally receive initial NBC defense training upon entering
military service and receive refresher training at regular intervals thereafter.
a.
Survival Standards. To meet survival standards of proficiency in NBC defense,
the individual must be able to—
Recognize attacks with NBC munitions and take protective action.
Recognize NBC alarms and signals.
Recognize the existence of CBR hazards and take protective action.
Properly don, seat, clear, and check the respirator/protective mask. Complete
the adjustment/attachment of the hood, if available, following an alarm or
recognition of a chemical or biological attack.
Properly don protective clothing. In addition, the individual must be able to
relate the use of protective clothing to the graduated levels of the NBC threat
described in Appendix E and properly perform assigned missions.
Take protective measures against thermal radiation (light, flash, and heat), a
blast wave, and radiation effects of nuclear explosions.
Carry out immediate individual decontamination.
Follow the procedures for the removal of NBC IPE.
Recognize if casualties are contaminated and perform first aid (self-aid and
buddy-aid).
G-1
Practice good personal health and hygiene as a protective measure against
the spread of disease.
b.
Basic Operating Standards. To meet basic operating standards of proficiency
under NBC conditions, the individual must be able to perform the survival standards listed
above and master the following in order to contribute to the continued operations of the
unit:
Maintain NBC IPE in a high state of serviceability at all times.
Be proficient in taking specific actions required for maintaining operating
efficiency before, during, and after NBC attacks in order to reduce the effects
of NBC weapons.
Recognize or detect NBC agent contamination and perform immediate
decontamination of self, clothing, personal equipment, individual weapon,
vehicle, and crew-served weapon.
Recognize all standard marking signs that indicate chemically, biologically,
or radiologically contaminated areas.
Cross or bypass marked NBC contaminated areas with minimum danger to
self.
Demonstrate proficiency in performing primary military duty—to include the
use of crew/personal weapon(s)—while in the IPE for extended periods. These
periods are to be determined by the commander, based on such factors as
weather conditions and equipment specifications.
Be familiar with the procedures to be followed at the decontamination
facilities of military service.
Be familiar with the principles of CP, including entry and exit from CCAs
and shelter organization and operation where applicable.
Demonstrate familiarity with the use of dosimetry devices and CB detection
and monitoring equipment where applicable.
Demonstrate the ability to perform the duties of an NBC observer.
c.
Basic Standards of Proficiency for Selected Personnel Requiring Additional
Training.
(1)
Personnel trained in NBC monitoring, survey, and reconnaissance should
be able to—
Operate and maintain NBC equipment applicable to the task.
Recognize attacks with NBC munitions and fully understand unit
procedures for implementing warnings and providing protection.
G-2
Detect and identify contamination and organize and conduct NBC
monitoring and survey operations.
Monitor personnel, food, drinking water, and equipment for NBC
contamination and effectiveness of decontamination measures.
Collect samples of suspected biological contamination and forward
them as directed.
Collect samples of liquid or solid chemical agents.
Mark NBC contaminated areas, equipment, supplies, and stores with
standard marking signs.
Provide data for compilation of NBC reports.
Organize and conduct NBC monitoring and surveying operations.
Operate detection and survey equipment for recognizing and detecting
hazards from CBR releases.
(2)
Personnel trained in contamination control should be able to—
Perform necessary decontamination of supplies, equipment, and areas
for which they are responsible in the performance of their primary
duties.
Operate and maintain assigned decontamination equipment.
Establish and operate a personnel decontamination station where
applicable
Take measures before an attack to prevent contamination and after an
attack to avoid the spread of contamination.
(3)
In addition to the basic standards of proficiency for individual service
personnel, all officers and NCOs should have knowledge (appropriate to their rank and
operational role) of—
Deployment of NBC observers and detection devices.
NBC monitoring, survey, and reconnaissance.
Survival procedures before, during, and after an NBC attack and
friendly nuclear strike.
CBR downwind hazards.
Radiation dose control, exposure rules, and record keeping.
G-3
General protective values of material against radiation, including the
selection of buildings and the construction of shelters.
Contamination control procedures for the permanent or temporary
prevention, reduction, or neutralization of contamination for
maintaining or strengthening an efficient conduct of operations.
2.
Basic Standards of Proficiency for NBC Defense
Officers and enlisted personnel whose primary duties are concerned with unit NBC
defense activities are required to receive formal training beyond the scope outlined in
paragraph 1. NBC defense specialists are command NBC defense officers, and enlisted
personnel and unit NBC defense officers and enlisted personnel. Command NBC defense
officers and enlisted personnel are those who are assigned full time duties for NBC defense.
Unit NBC defense officers and enlisted personnel are those who are assigned an additional
duty to form the NBC control party. These personnel can be at the same company level (or
equivalent), but may be at a higher level, depending on a service’s organizational structure.
a.
Command NBC defense officers and enlisted personnel in cooperation with the
functional groups of the staff, as necessary, must be able to—
Assist the commander in providing policy and guidance to lower echelons in
all matters pertaining to the development of an NBC defense capability.
Plan, conduct, and monitor NBC defense training within the command.
Evaluate the capability of lower echelons to survive an NBC attack and to
continue operations in an NBC environment.
Keep abreast of new TTP in NBC defense.
Act in the capacity of an adviser to the commander on all matters pertaining
to the NBC defense of subordinate units/formations. When augmented, be
responsible for the NBCWRS .
Recommend employment of special NBC defense elements/units, if available.
Operate and use automated systems for calculations and data processing
where appropriate. If an automated system is not available, personnel in
NBC centers must be able to perform the same tasks manually.
Act as an adviser to the commander on all matters pertaining to cooperation
in NBC defense with units/agencies of other nations.
b.
Unit NBC defense officers and enlisted personnel (assisted by enlisted
alternates) must be able to—
Provide technical assistance to the commanders and staff on NBC defense
training and operations.
G-4
Coordinate the unit’s NBC defense activities.
Provide NBC defense training to achieve basic operating standards of
proficiency for the unit and the individuals of the unit.
Plan and supervise NBC defense training aspects of operational training
exercises and maneuvers.
Supervise preparation of unit NBC defense SOPs and adapt them to existing
plans of other units (national/international) as required.
Supervise operations and maintenance of NBC material.
Determine by dosimetry or by calculation (as appropriate) the total dose and
time of stay in and/or transit through radiologically contaminated areas to
avoid exceeding command exposure guidance.
Prepare fallout prediction patterns and perform the tasks of the NBCWRS
(may be assigned to meteorological, operational, and navigational officers in
naval forces/air forces).
Plan NBC reconnaissance and advise commanders on the best routes to cross
or bypass an NBC contaminated area.
Plan and coordinate decontamination within the unit and advise the
commander.
Maintain records of the 65unit’s radiation exposure.
Estimate downwind hazard for chemical attacks.
Report NBC data to next higher HQ and perform the NBC reporting and
warning tasks.
Evaluate individual and unit competence in NBC defense and advise the
commander on the unit’s ability to survive and to continue operations in an
NBC environment.
Operate and use data processing devices and possess basic knowledge of the
structure of programs used in NBC warning and reporting where
appropriate.
c.
Additionally, all NBC defense officers/NCOs must be able to—
Identify the hazards related to risks of LLR, release other than attack
(ROTA), and TIM.
Make contingency plans for units facing LLR, ROTA, and TIM hazards.
G-5
Act as an adviser to the commander on all matters pertaining to LLR, ROTA,
and TIM hazards.
3.
Basic Standards of Proficiency for Commanders
Commanders are required to have knowledge and competence in NBC defense beyond
the scope of that demonstrated by each individual but not to the degree required by NBC
defense specialists.
a.
Commanders should—
Understand the principles of NBC defense.
Know the defense organization and the NBCDE available.
Assess the capabilities of the NBC defense forces under their command.
Assess the effects of NBC munitions on unit/formation, especially on
operations to be conducted.
Issue orders and take measures depending on situation and mission.
Plan operations taking into account the NBC threat and the readiness of
units for operations in an NBC environment.
Estimate the effects of wearing NBC IPE for an extended period of time and
understand what measures can be taken to mitigate those effects on the
combat effectiveness and well being of their forces.
Be familiar with the available medical prophylactic countermeasures.
Be familiar with integration of NBC training in exercises.
b.
All commanders should also consider the risks of LLR, ROTA, and TIM hazards.
4.
Basic Standards of Proficiency for Civilians
Nations must identify those civilian personnel considered mission essential for the
continuance of military operations in an NBC environment and ensure that they are
trained and equipped to survive and function in such environments. Personnel in this
category can include government employees from US agencies and government contractor
personnel.
a.
Civilian NBC Defense Standards of Proficiency. Appropriate standards of
proficiency for civilians to function in an NBC environment include—
Recognizing attacks with NBC munitions and taking protective action.
Recognizing NBC alarms and signals.
Recognizing the existence of CBR hazards and taking protective action.
G-6
Properly donning, seating, clearing, and checking the respirator/protective
mask. Completing the adjustment/attachment of the hood, if available,
following an alarm or recognition of a chemical or biological attack.
Properly donning protective clothing. In addition, the individual must be able
to relate the use of protective clothing to the graduated levels of an NBC
threat and properly perform assigned missions.
Taking protective measures against thermal radiation (light, flash, and heat),
a blast wave, and nuclear radiation effects of nuclear explosions.
Carrying out immediate individual decontamination skills.
Following the procedures for the removal of NBC IPE.
Recognizing if casualties are contaminated and performing first aid (self-aid
and buddy-aid).
Practicing good personal health and hygiene as a protective measure against
the spread of disease.
b.
Basic Operating Standards. To meet basic operating standards of proficiency in
NBC defense, civilians must be able to perform the survival standards listed above and—
Maintain NBC IPE in a high state of serviceability at all times.
Be proficient in taking specific actions required for maintaining operating
efficiency before, during, and after NBC attacks in order to reduce the effects
of NBC weapons.
Recognize or detect chemical agent contamination and perform immediate
decontamination of self, clothing, personal equipment, individual weapon and
position, vehicle, and crew-served weapon.
Recognize all standard marking signs that indicate chemically, biologically,
or radiologically contaminated areas.
Cross or bypass marked NBC contaminated areas with minimum danger to
themselves.
Demonstrate proficiency in performing their primary duties while wearing
IPE for extended periods. These periods are to be determined by a supervisor,
based on such factors as weather conditions and equipment specifications.
Be familiar with the procedures to be followed at the decontamination
facilities at their operating base.
Be familiar with the principles of CP, including entry and exit from CCAs
and shelter organization and operation where applicable.
G-7
Demonstrate familiarity with the use of dosimetric devices and CB detection
and monitoring equipment where applicable.
Demonstrate the ability to perform the duties of an NBC sentry/observer.
5.
Basic Standards of Proficiency for Medical Personnel
Medical personnel should be able to protect themselves, patients, and the respective
medical facilities against exposure to NBC agents (NBC defense) and carry out all
measures necessary to maintain and restore the health of personnel exposed to NBC
environments (NBC medical defense).
a.
In addition to being proficient in training standards of survival and basic
operating standards which apply to medical personnel according to their rank and function,
the following basic skills are required of medical personnel:
Being able to effectively protect casualties in an NBC situation during
emergency medical treatment, triage, advanced trauma management,
resuscitative care, medical holding, evacuation, and hospital care.
Being able to perform duties in a way that protects medical materiel,
vehicles, and medical facilities against NBC hazards.
Being familiar with fielded CP systems for facilities and vehicles if
appropriate.
Knowing acute symptoms of NBC injuries and specific countermeasures as
well as their potential side effects.
Knowing decontamination procedures for NBC contaminated patients.
b.
Selected medical personnel should also have specialized knowledge in
contamination control procedures for NBC contaminated patients and associated
equipment (i.e., RADIAC monitor and CAM).
c.
Medical personnel assigned to perform special NBC medical defense tasks during
missions (e.g., surgeons, preventive medicine personnel, microbiologists, and veterinary
personnel) should have task-oriented, specialized knowledge of diagnosis and treatment of
NBC injuries and of the detection and identification of CB agents and radiation.
d.
Staff and command surgeons provide assessments to the commander on—
Scientific background involving the acute and long-term health effects of
NBC/TIM hazards.
How to prepare for an operation to include the establishment of an inventory
of NBC/TIM hazards and infectious endemic diseases.
Ways to coordinate the investigations of unusual sickness and fatalities in
situations involving NBC/TIM hazards and endemic diseases.
G-8
After-operation advice on postconflict surveillance.
Use of chemoprophylasix, immunizations, pretreatments, barrier creams, and
treatment.
6.
Survival and Unit Basic Operating Standards
Each unit must develop and maintain a capability for the successful accomplishment
of its mission in an NBC environment. Planning and training for this capability will include
preparation of a unit NBC SOP and frequent exercises to ensure familiarity in applying the
SOP. Unit standards of proficiency are shown as survival and basic operating standards.
a.
In order to survive an NBC attack, a unit must be able to—
Take immediate and correct action upon warning of an imminent NBC attack
or arrival of a CB agent or radiological fallout.
Determine the presence and nature of NBC hazards in the unit’s area and
take effective measures to mitigate, to the extent possible, the effects of an
NBC attack.
Properly use unit NBC protective equipment and supplies and maintain them
in a high state of serviceability and readiness.
Enforce a high order of health, hygiene, and sanitation to minimize the
spread of disease following a biological attack.
b.
In order to meet basic operating standards of proficiency, the unit must be able
to perform the survival standards listed above and—
Maintain a degree of protection appropriate to the risk while continuing to
conduct the primary mission of the unit.
Perform necessary decontamination of supplies, equipment, and areas for
which it is responsible in the performance of its primary duties.
Delineate the areas of an NBC hazard.
Delineate contaminated areas and mark them by using standard signs.
Cross, bypass, or function in contaminated areas with minimum loss of
efficiency, decontaminating where necessary.
Operate efficiently over an extended period of time (to be determined by the
commander based on such factors as weather conditions and equipment
specifications) with personnel in full protective equipment to include wearing
the protective mask.
Report nuclear detonations, CB attacks, and associated hazards, hazard
areas, and ROTAs.
G-9
Assign NBC personnel based on standards of proficiency outlined in
paragraph 2.
7.
Guide to Organization for NBC Defense
The organization that best meets the need of one unit/organization will often not be
applicable to another unit/formation. For example, it is not possible to equate the
organization of personnel and material for decontamination tasks on a ship with the
organization required on an airbase or within an infantry company. Similarly, a highly
mobile infantry force will have different priorities for NBC defense than an air-operating
base or naval vessel. Further, the following basic guidance applies when organizing for
NBC defense operations.
a.
The lowest level of unit which may be required to function as an independent
entity should have an independent capability for survival.
b.
Higher units/formations should have the capability of independently adopting
their own NBC defense measures and performing their missions. In addition, they may
have the capability of rendering support to smaller units to enable operations to continue.
c.
The designation of specific personnel to specific responsibilities in the area of
unit NBC defense must be accomplished. However, the normal command and staff
structure should be followed to ensure that NBC defense is thoroughly integrated into the
unit’s SOP.
d.
Regardless of the size or mission of the unit, tasks essential to NBC defense
remain the same and differ only to a certain extent. The principles of NBC defense are
avoidance, protection, and decontamination.
e.
Priorities for the execution of NBC defense measures in an actual NBC
environment should be decided upon by the commander, bearing in mind the primary
mission of the unit and the time, personnel, and material available to mitigate the effects of
the NBC attack.
f.
The functioning of the NBC defense organization of a unit/formation must be
evaluated by the responsible commander according to the guidelines listed in applicable
references.
g.
All HQ must meet the requirements of NBCWRS regarding NBCCs and NBC
collection/subcollection centers.
h. Reaction forces are required to be self-sustaining in NBC defense. Reaction
forces should have sufficient NBC defense assets to conduct NBC reconnaissance, survey
and monitoring, decontamination, and contamination control.
8.
Suggested NBC Defense Organization—Land Forces and Air Forces
Commanders of companies or equivalent-sized units, which do not have assigned NBC
specialists, should appoint on an additional-duty basis one NBC defense officer/NBC
G-10
defense NCO and one enlisted NCO (assisted by one enlisted person). These personnel form
the NBC control party and will perform the functions outlined in paragraph 2.
a.
Commanders also assign personnel to maintain a capability to conduct
monitoring and survey and decontamination, specifically—
Monitoring and survey team. Each team should consist of a primary
instrument operator and an assistant.
Decontamination team. Each team should consist of one NCO in charge and
several other enlisted men, including a monitoring and survey party. They
perform the functions outlined in paragraph 2.
b.
A battalion or equivalent HQ that is not assigned an organic NBC defense officer
should appoint an NBC defense officer on an additional-duty basis. Those HQ that are not
assigned an organic NBC defense NCO should also appoint an additional-duty NBC defense
NCO and one enlisted alternate. These personnel will form the NBC control party and
should be augmented, as necessary, to enable NBC warning and reporting.
c.
Additionally, commanders of fixed installations can be guided by this NBC
organization.
9.
Suggested NBC Organization—Naval
The defense of a ship’s company against NBC effects can be provided by the citadel
(gas-tight envelope) concept; however, vessels without citadels can improvise by sealing off
parts of the ship to provide a limited contamination-free area.
a.
The ship’s personnel receive training in individual and collective NBC defense
procedures. Specifically trained personnel perform the functions outlined in paragraph 2.
b.
Commanders also assign sufficient personnel to use available detection devices
and interpret the information provided by the devices.
c.
Further, contamination control systems such as water “washdown” systems may
be available, and commanders assign an appropriate number of decontamination parties.
The number of parties required will normally be dictated by the size of the ship.
d.
Additionally, commanders of naval aviation forces and naval shore installations
can be guided by the NBC organizations shown in paragraph 8.
10. Training Standards
The establishment of training standards for NBC defense support increases
effectiveness. This process is supported by the UJTL, which provides a standard description
of key joint tasks across the range of military operations. For each task, the conditions
under which implementation must be conducted support setting realistic standards. The
use of these standards helps to support assessments of unit readiness.
G-11
a.
The UJTL provides a source of functional, joint (interoperability) tasks that
provide a common language and reference system for strategic-, operational-, and tactical-
level planners. The UJTL’s joint/interoperability tasks can be performed by more than one
service component to meet the mission-derived conditions and approved standards of a joint
command. For example, planners and analysts can use the system to translate missions
into common language tasks that can serve to derive JMET training requirements. This
mission-to-task-to-training connectivity can assist forces in training the way they intend to
fight.
b.
The UJTL includes many tasks that can be considered as missions or operations
and helps to provide a framework for mission analysis and structuring training events.
Further, joint tasks describe in broad terms the current and projected capabilities of the US
armed forces; however, the UJTL is not all-inclusive. Service components are capable of
tasks beyond those listed. For detailed information on the UJTL and its implementation,
see Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Manual 3500.04B and applicable service directives such
as Operational Navy (OPNAV) Instruction 3500.38/Marine Corps Order 3500.26.
G-12
REFERENCES
Department of Defense
Department of Defense, Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Defense, FY95 Annual Report to
Congress, April 1995.
Department of Defense, Quadrennial Defense Review, September 2001.
DOD Directive 3025.1, Military Support to Civil Authorities, 15 January 1993.
DOD Directive 3025.15, Military Assistance to Civil Authorities, 18 February 1997.
DODI 2000.16, DOD Antiterrorism Standards, 14 June 2001.
Joint
Most joint publications are available online at http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/
Chairman, Joint Chief of Staff Instruction (CJCSI) 3110.07a, Nuclear, Biological, and
Chemical Defense: Riot Control Agents and Herbicides (U), April 1997.
JP 0-2, Unified Action Armed Forces (UNAAF), 10 July 2001.
JP 1, Joint Warfare of the Armed Forces of the United States, 14 November 2000.
JP 1-01, Joint Doctrine Development System, 5 July 2000.
JP 1-02, DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms, 12 April 2001.
JP 3-0, Doctrine for Joint Operations, 10 September 2001.
JP 3-01, Joint Doctrine for Countering Air and Missile Threats, 19 October 1999.
JP 3-01.5, Doctrine for Joint Theater Missile Defense, 22 February 1996.
JP 3-07, Joint Doctrine for Military Operations Other Than War, 16 June 1995.
JP 3-07.6, Joint Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Foreign Humanitarian Assistance,
15 August 2001.
JP 3-07.7, Joint Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Domestic Support Operations, June
1996.
JP 3-10, Joint Doctrine for Rear Area Operations, 28 May 1996.
JP 3-10.1, JTTP for Base Defense, 23 July 1996.
JP 3-11, Joint Doctrine for Operations in Nuclear, Biological and Chemical (NBC)
Environments, 11 July 2000.
References-1
JP 3-12, Doctrine for Joint Nuclear Operations, 15 December 1995.
JP 3-13.1, Joint Doctrine for Command and Control Warfare (C2W), 7 February
1996.
JP 3-33, Joint Force Capabilities, 13 October 1999.
JP 3-50.21, Joint Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Combat Search and
Rescue, 23 March 1998.
JP 3-55, Doctrine for Reconnaissance, Surveillance, and Target Acquisition Support
for Joint Operations, 14 April 1993.
JP 4-0, Doctrine for Logistic Support of Joint Operations, 6 April 2000.
JP 4-01.5, Joint Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Transportation Terminal
Operations, 9 April 2002.
JP 4-02, Doctrine for Health Service Support in Joint Operations, 30 July 2001.
JP 4-06, JTTP for Mortuary Affairs in Joint Operations, 28 August 1996.
JP 5-0, Doctrine for Planning Joint Operations, 13 April 1995.
JP 5.00.1, Joint Doctrine for Campaign Planning, 25 January 2002.
JP 5-00.2, Joint Task Force (JTF) Planning Guidance and Procedures, 13 January
1999.
JP 5-03.1, Joint Operation Planning and Execution System Vol I: (Planning and
Procedures), 4 August 1993.
JP 6-0, Doctrine for C4 Systems Support to Joint Operations, 30 May 1995.
Joint Service Chemical and Biological Defense Fact Sheets, August 1998.
Joint Service Chemical and Biological Defense Program Overview, FY 98-99.
Joint Service Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Defense Concept, September 1997.
Joint Services Integration Group Staffing Draft, Joint Service Concept for NBC Defense, 20
February 1996.
JSM 3500.04, Universal Joint Task List (UJTL), 1 November 1999.
References-2
Multiservice
FM 3-3/FMFM 11-17, Chemical and Biological Contamination Avoidance, 29
September 1994.
FM 3-3-1/FMFM 11-18, Nuclear Contamination Avoidance, September 1994.
FM 3-4/FMFM 11-9, NBC Protection, 29 May 1992.
FM 3-5/FMFM 11-10, NBC Decontamination, 28 July 2000.
FM 3-6/AFM 105-7/FMFM 7-11H, Field Behavior of NBC Agents (Including Smoke
and Incendiaries), 3 November 1986.
FM 3-9/NAVFAC P-467/AFR 355-7, Potential Military Chemical/Biological Agents
and Compounds, 12 December 1990.
FM 3-11.21 MCRP 3-37.2C/NTTP 3-11.24/AFTTP(I) 3-2.37, Multiservice Tactics,
Techniques, and Procedures for Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Aspects of
Consequence Management, 12 December 2001.
FM 3-11.34, MCRP 3-37.5/NMP 3-11.23/AFTTP(I)/3-2.33, Multiservice Tactics,
Techniques, and Procedures for NBC Defense of Theater Fixed Sites, Ports, and
Airfields, 29 September 2000.
FM 3-19/FMFM 11-20, NBC Reconnaissance, 19 November 1993.
FM 3-100/ MCWP 3-3-7.1, Chemical Operations, Principles, and Fundamentals, 8
May 1996.
FM 4-02.33/NAVMED P-5038, Control of Communicable Disease Manual, 31
December 1999.
FM 4-02.283/NTRP 4-02.21/AFMAN(I) 44-161/MCRP 4-11.1B, Treatment of Nuclear
and Radiological Casualties, 20 December 2001.
FM 8-9/NAVMED P-5059/AFJMAN(I) 44-151, NATO Handbook on the Medical
Aspects of NBC Defensive Operations AmedP-6(B), 1 February 1996.
FM 8-284/NAVMED P-5042/AFMAN(I) 44-156/MCRP 4-11.1C, Treatment of
Biological Warfare Agent Casualties, 17 July 2000.
FM 8-285/NAVMED P-5041/AFJMAN 44-149/FMFM 11-11, Treatment of Chemical
Agent Casualties and Conventional Military Chemical Injuries, 22 December 1995.
FM 10-63/AFM 143-3/FMFM 4-8, Handling of Deceased Personnel in Theater of
Operations, 28 February 1986.
FM 21-10/MCRP 4-11.1D, Field Hygiene and Sanitation, 21 June 2000
References-3
FM 101-4/MCRP 6-23A/NWP 3-13.1.16/AFTTP(I) 3-2.22, Multiservice Procedures for
Joint Task Force Information Management, 8 April 1999.
US Special Operations Command Publication 3-11, Multiservice Tactics, Techniques,
and Procedures for Special Operations Forces in Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical
Environments, 6 April 2001.
Army
Most Army publications are available online at http://155.217.58.58/atdls.htm
FM 3.0, Operations, 14 June 2001.
FM 3-6, Field Behavior of NBC Agents (Including Smoke and Incendiaries), 3
November 1986.
FM 3-7, NBC Field Handbook, 29 September 1994.
FM 3-14, Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical (NBC) Vulnerability Analysis, 12
November 1997.
FM 3-101, Chemical Staffs and Units, 19 November 1993.
FM 3-101-6, Biological Defense Operations, Corps/Company Tactics, Techniques,
and Procedures, 25 March 1999.
FM 8-9, NATO Handbook on the Medical Aspects of NBC Defensive Operations,
Amed P-6(b), 1 February 1996
FM 8-10, Health Service Support in a Theater of Operations, 1 March 1991.
FM 8-10-7, Health Service Support in a Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical
Environment, 22 April 1993.
FM 21-11, First Aid for Soldiers, 27 October 1988, Reprinted including Changes 1,
2, 4 December 1991.
FM 100-6, Information Operations, 27 August 1996.
FM 100-7, Decisive Force: The Army in Theater Operations, 31 May 1995.
FM 101-5, Staff Organization and Operations, 31 May 1997.
TRADOC Pamphlet 525-63(R), US Army Operations Concept for Biological Defense,
1 December 1994.
US Army Chemical School, Chemical Vision 2010, July 1999.
US Army Chemical School, Concept for Biological Detection Future, 18 September
1996.
References-4
US Army Chemical School, CML Army Chemical Review, January 1997.
US Army Chemical School, CML, Army Chemical Review, “NBC Operations in
Bosnia,” July 1996.
US Army Chemical School, Worldwide Chemical Conference, NBC 2000-New
Challenges/New Capabilities, 24-27 June 1997.
US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Medical Management of
Biological Casualties Handbook, February 2001.
Air Force
Most publications are available online at http://afpubs.hq.af.mil/pubs
AFDD-1, Air Force Basic Doctrine, September 1997.
AFH 32- 4014, USAF Ability to Survive and Operate Procedures in a Nuclear,
Biological, and Chemical (NBC) Environment, Volume 4, 1 March 1998.
AFH 32-4014, USAF Operations in a Chemical and Biological (CB) Warfare
Environment, CB Hazards, Volume 2, 1 December 1997.
AFH 32-4014, USAF Operations in a Chemical and Biological (CB) Warfare
Environment, CB Planning and Analysis, Volume 1, 1 March 1998.
AFI 32-4001, Disaster Preparedness Planning and Operations, 1 May 1998.
AFI 32-4002, Hazardous Material Emergency Planning and Response Program, 1
December 1997.
AFI 33-60, Publications Management Program, December 2000.
AFMAN 32-4004, Emergency Response Operations, 1 December 1995.
AFMAN 32-4005, Personnel Protection and Attack Actions, 30 October 1995.
AFPAM 32-4019, Chemical-Biological Warfare Commander’s Guide, 1 April 1998.
AFPD 32-40, Disaster Preparedness, 1 May 1997.
US Air Force Counter-Proliferation Center, Counter-Proliferation No. 4, Chemical
and Biological Attack, Achilles Heel of the Air Expeditionary Force, September 1999.
US Air Force Engineering Support Activity, Chemical and Biological Defense
Concept of Operations, January 1998.
US Air Force Institute for National Security Studies, Countering the Proliferation
and Use of Weapons of Mass Destruction, 1998.
References-5
Marine Corps
Most publications are available online at www.doctrine.usmc.mil/
Marine Corps Order 3500.26/US Coast Guard Command Instruction Manual
3500.1/OPNAV Instruction 3500.38, Universal Navy Task List, Version 1.0,
September 1996
MCWP 3-37, Marine Air-Ground Task Force (MAGTF) Nuclear, Biological, and
Chemical Defensive Operations, September 1998.
OPNAV P-86-1-95, US Navy CBR Defense/US Marine Corps NBC Defense
Handbook, April 1995.
Navy
Most publications are available online at www.nwdc.navy.mil/Library/Library.asp
Naval Doctrine Command, US Navy, Executive Summary, Multinational Maritime
Operations, 1996.
Naval Doctrine Publication 1, Naval Warfare, 28 March 1994.
Naval Doctrine Publication 2, Naval Intelligence, 30 September 1994.
Naval Doctrine Publication 4, Naval Logistics, 10 January 1995.
Naval Ships Technical Manual (NSTM) 470, Shipboard BW/CW Defense, August
1998.
Naval Ships Technical Manual (NSTM) Chapter 070, Radiological Recovery of Ships
After Nuclear Weapons Explosion, July 1998
Naval Warfare Publication (NWP) 3-02.1, Ship to Shore Movement, August 1993.
Naval Warfare Publication (NWP) 3-20.3, Surface Ship Survivability, January 2000.
OPNAV Instruction 3500.38, Universal Naval Task List, 30 September 1996.
OPNAV P-86-1-95, US Navy CBR Defense/US Marine Corps NBC Defense
Handbook, April 1995.
NATO Standardization Agreements (STANAG) and Publications
STANAG 2150, (Edition 6), NATO Standards of Proficiency for NBC Defense, 8 May 2000.
STANAG 2353, (Edition 5), Evaluation of NBC Defense Capability, 24 March 2000.
References-6
Other Sources
Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction (CSCSI) 3110.07a, Nuclear, Biological, and
Chemical Defense; Riot Control Agents; and Herbicides (U), 25 April 1997.
DA Form 12-99-R, Initial Distribution Requirements for Publications, April 1996.
Department of Transportation, 2000 Emergency Response Guidebook, A Guide for First
Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous Goods/Hazardous Materials Incident.
Executive Order No. 11850, Renunciation of Certain Uses in War of Chemicals, Herbicides,
and Riot Control Agents, 8 April 1975.
Memorandum, Under Secretary of Defense, Military and Veterans Health Coordinating
Board and Presidential Review Directive (PRD-S), 7 December 1999.
MILSTRIP Desk Guide/NAV Sup 409, 9 June 1998
National Defense University, Center for Counter-Proliferation Research, Deterrence and
Defense in a Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Environment, Robert B. Joseph and John F.
Reichart, 1999.
Office of Special Assistant for Gulf War Illness, Lessons Learned Implementation, 18
November 1999.
Presidential Decision Directive/NSC 39, US Policy on Counterterrorism, 21 June 1995.
References-7
GLOSSARY
PART I—ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
A
AA
air assault, avenue of approach
AB
air base
ABN
airborne
AC
active component
ACAA
automatic chemical agent alarm
ACADA
automatic chemical agent detection and alarm
ACE
air combat element
ACR
armored cavalry regiment
ADCON
administrative control
AF
Air Force
AFB
Air Force base
AFCESA
Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency
AFDD
Air Force doctrine document
AFH
Air Force handbook
AFI
Air Force instruction
AFM
Air Force manual
AFMAN
Air Force manual
AFPAM
Air Force pamphlet
AFRAT
Air Force Radiation Assessment Team
AFS
Air Force specialty
AFTH
Air Force theater hospital
AFTTP
Air Force tactics, techniques, and procedures
agent
See biological agent or chemical agent
ALS
aircrew life support
amb
ambulatory
AO
area of operation
AOE
Army of excellence
AOI
area of interest
AOR
area of responsibility
APOD
aerial port of debarkation
APOE
aerial port of embarkation
ATTN
attention
B
B
biological
BCE
base civil engineer
BCOC
base cluster operations center
BDO
battle dress overgarment
BDOC
base defense operations center
BDU
battle dress uniform
Glossary-1
BEE
bioenvironmental engineering
BEEF
base engineer emergency force
BIDS
biological integrated detection system
BIO
biological
BMU
beach master unit
BSA
brigade support area
BVO
black vinyl overboot
BW
biological warfare
BWC
Biological Weapons Convention
C
C
chemical
command and control
C2
C4I
command, control, communications, computers, and intelligence
CA
civil affairs
CALL
Center for Army Lessons Learned
CAM
chemical agent monitor
CANA
convulsant antidote for nerve agent
CAPDS
chemical agent point detection system
CARC
chemical agent resistant coating
CATF
commander, amphibious task force
CB
chemical biological
CBIRF
chemical biological incident response force
CBPS
chemical-biological protective shelter
CBR
chemical, biological, and radiological
CBR-D
CBR defense
CCA
contamination control area
CCIR
commander’s critical information requirements
CCT
contamination control team
CDE
chemical defense equipment
CDM
chemical downwind message
CE
communications-electronics, civil engineering
CES
civil engineering squadron
CHEM
chemical
CI
civilian internee
CINC
commander in chief
CJCS
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
CJCSI
Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff instruction
CLF
commander, landing force
CLS
contracted logistics support
CMD
command
CMWD
countermeasures wash down
COA
course of action
COCOM
combatant command
COG
center of gravity
COLPRO
collective protection
COMMZ
communications zone
Glossary-2
CONUS
continental United States
CP
chemical protective, command post, collective protective
CPE
collective protective equipment
CPO
chemical protective overgarment
CPS
collective protective shelter
CPU
chemical protective undergarment
CS
combat support
CSP
contracted support personnel
CSS
combat service support
CSSE
combat service support element
CVC
combat vehicle crewman
CW
chemical warfare
CWC
Chemical Weapons Convention
CZAA
cold zone assembly area
D
Department of the Army
DA
DAD
detailed aircraft decontamination
DAP
decontaminating apparatus, portable
DC
District of Columbia
DCA
damage control assistant
DCC
damage control center
decon
decontamination
DED
detailed equipment decontamination
DEPMEDS
deployable medical system
DOD
Department of Defense
DODD
Department of Defense directive
DODI
Department of Defense instruction
DP
disaster preparedness
DPO
disaster preparedness officer
DS
direct support
DS2
decontaminating solution number 2
DSA
division support area
DSN
defense switching network
DTD
detailed troop decontamination
DU
depleted uranium
E
EDM
effective downwind message
ELSF
expeditionary logistics support forces
EMP
electromagnetic pulse
ENGR
engineer
EOD
explosive ordnance disposal
EPW
enemy prisoner of war
F
Glossary-3
FDD
force digitized division
FDO
flexible deterrent option
FE
force enhancements
FEMA
Federal Emergency Management Agency
FIF
fixed installation filters
FL
Florida
FLOT
forward line of own troops
FM
field manual
FMFM
fleet Marine force manual
FMFRP
fleet Marine force reference publication
FOF
follow-on force
FOX
NBC reconnaissance vehicle
FP
force protection
FSE
fire support element
FSSG
force service support group
FTX
field training exercise
G
G3
Assistant Chief of Staff
gal
gallon
GCE
ground combat element
GI&S
geospatial information and services
GPM
gallons per minute
GPS
global positioning system
GRREG
graves registration
GS
general support
GVO
green vinyl overboot
H
H&S
headquarters and service
HAZMAT
hazardous materials
HHD
headquarters and headquarters detachment
HHC
headquarters and headquarters company
HMMWV
high-mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle
HN
host nation
HSS
health service support
HQ
headquarters
HTH
high test hypochlorite
HZAA
hot zone assembly area
I
IBADS
interim biological agent detection system
Glossary-4
IBCT
interim brigade combat team
IM
information management
IO
information operations, international organization
IPB
intelligence preparation of the battlespace
IPDS
improved point detection system
IPE
individual protective equipment
IRF
initial response force
ISR
intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance
J
JFACC
Joint Force Air Component Command
JFC
joint force commander
JFLCC
Joint Force Land Component Command
JFMCC
Joint Force Maritime Component Command
JFSOCC
Joint Force Special Operations Component Command
JLOTS
joint logistics over the shore
JMAO
Joint Mortuary Affairs Office
JMET
joint mission-essential task
JMETL
joint mission-essential task lists
JOA
joint operations area
JP
joint publication
JRA
joint rear area
JRAC
joint rear area coordinator
JSCP
joint strategic capabilities plan
JSLIST
joint service lightweight integrated suit technology
JSLNBCRS
joint service lightweight nuclear, biological, and chemical
reconnaissance system
JTF
joint task force
JULLS
joint universal lessons learned system
JWARN
joint warning and reporting network
K
KM
kilometer
L
light armored cavalry regiment
LACR
LCC
land component command
LDS
lightweight decontamination system
LEL
lower explosive level
LFSP
landing force support party
LLR
low-level radiation
LOC
line of communications
LR-BSDS
long-range biological standoff detection systems
LT
light
Glossary-5
M
MADCP
mortuary affairs decontamination collection point
MAG
Marine aircraft group
MAGTF
Marine air-ground task force
MAJCOM
major command
MANSCEN
maneuver support center
MARFORLANT
Marine Corps forces, Atlantic
MAW
Marine aircraft wing
MCC
maritime component command
MCCDC
Marine Corps Combat Development Command
MCPDS
Marine Corps publication distribution system
MCRP
Marine Corps reference publication
MCWP
Marine Corps warfighting publication
MD
Maryland
MDR
medical department representative
MDS
modular decontaminating system
MEF
Marine Expeditionary Force
MET
meteorological
METL
mission-essential task list
METT-T
mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available,
time available
MICAD
multipurpose integrated chemical agent alarm
MILSTRIP
military standard requisitioning and issue procedures
MO
Missouri
MOOTW
military operations other than war
MOPP
mission-oriented protective posture
MOS
military occupational specialty, minimum operating strip
MSC
major subordinate command
MSCA
military support to civil authorities
MSR
main supply route
MTF
medical treatment facility
MTP
mission training plan
MTTP
multiservice tactics, techniques and procedures
MTW
major theater of war
MWSS
Marine Wing Support Squadron
N
N
nuclear
NAAK
nerve agent antidote kit
NAF
numbered Air Force
NAI
named area of interest
NAPP
nerve agent pyridostigmine pretreatment
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NAVMED
Navy medical
NAVSOP
Naval standard operating procedure
NBC
nuclear, biological, and chemical
NBCC
NBC center, nuclear, biological, chemical, and conventional; NBC
Glossary-6
center;
NBCCC
NBC control center
NBCDE
NBC defense equipment
NBCE
NBC element
NBCRS
NBC reconnaissance system(s)
NBCWRS
NBC warning and reporting system
NBG
Naval beach group
NCA
National Command Authorities
NCF
Naval construction forces
NCO
noncommissioned officer
NCW
naval coastal warfare
NCWC
Naval coastal warfare commander
NDC TACNOTE
Naval doctrine command tactical note
NEO
noncombatant evacuation operation
NG
National Guard
NGO
nongovernmental organization
NIRF
nuclear incident response force
NSTM
Naval ships technical manual
NTRP
Navy technical reference publication
NWDC
Navy Warfare Development Command
NWP
Naval warfare publication
O
O2
oxygen
OCONUS
outside the continental US
OD
olive drab
OEG
operational exposure guidance
OPCON
operational control
OPLAN
operational plan
OPNAV
Operational Navy
OPR
offices of primary responsibility
OPSEC
operations security
OPTEMPO
operating tempo
P
PATS
protection assessment test system
PB
pyridostigmine bromide
PDD
Presidential decision directive
PDDA
power driven decontaminating apparatus
PHYSOP
psychological operations
PIR
priority intelligence requirements
POD
port of debarkation
POE
port of embarkation
POI
program of instruction
POW
prisoner of war
PS
protective shelter
PPE
personal protective equipment
Glossary-7
PSU
port security unit
PSYOP
psychological operations
PVNTMED
preventive medicine
PVO
private volunteer organization
Q
quartermaster
QM
R
R&S
reconnaissance and surveillance
RA
risk analysis
rad
radiation absorbed dose
RADCO
rear area damage control officer
RADIAC
radiation detection, identification, and computation
RAOC
rear area operations center
RCA
riot control agent
REA
radiation exposure guidance
RES
radiation exposure status
RI
Rhode Island
ROTA
release other than attack
RSCAAL
remote sensing chemical agent alarm
RTOC
rear tactical operations center
S
S3
operations and training officer
SA
situational awareness
SACPS
selected area collective protection system
SCALP
suit contamination avoidance liquid protective
SCBA
self-contained breathing apparatus
SCPE
simplified collective protection equipment
SF
special forces
SFGA
special forces groups, airborne
SFOB
special forces operations bases
SFODA
Special Forces Operational Detachment A
SIG
signal
SITREP
situation report
SMT
shelter management team
SOC
special operations component
SOF
special operations forces
SOP
standing operating procedure
SPOD
seaport of debarkation
SPOE
seaport of embarkation
SRC
survival recovery center
Glossary-8
S/RTF
search and recovery task force
STANAG
standardization agreement (NATO)
STB
super tropical bleach
STRIKEWARN
strike warning
T
TA
theater Army
TAACOM
Theater Army Area Command
TACNOTE
tactical note
TACON
tactical control
TAP
toxicological agent protective
TBM
theater ballistic missile, tactical ballistic missile
T/E
table of equipment
TIC
toxic industrial chemicals
TIM
toxic industrial materials
TMD
theater missile defense
TO
theater of operations
T/O
table of organization
TOC
tactical operations center
TOE
table of organization and equipment
TRADOC
Training and Doctrine Command
TTP
tactics, techniques, and procedures
TX
Texas
U
(u)
unclassified
UJTL
Universal Joint Task List
UNAAF
Unified Action Armed Forces
US
United States
USA
United States Army
USAF
United States Air Force
USCG
United States Coast Guard
USG
United States government
USMC
United States Marine Corps
USN
United States Navy
USSOCOM
United States Special Operations Command
UTC
unit type code
V
Virginia, vulnerability assessment
VA
W
weapons of mass destruction
WMD
Glossary-9
WOC
wing operations center
X
XO
executive officer
Glossary-10
PART II - TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
Avoidance. Individual and/or unit measures taken to avoid or minimize nuclear,
biological, and chemical (NBC) attacks and reduce the effects of NBC hazards. (JP 1-02)
Biological agent. A microorganism that causes disease in personnel, plants, or animals or
causes the deterioration of materiel. (JP 1-02)
Biological defense. The methods, plans, and procedures involved in establishing and
executing defensive measures against attacks using biological agents. (JP 1-02)
Biological operation. Employment of biological agents to produce casualties in personnel
or animals or damage to plants. (JP 1-02)
Biological threat. A threat that consists of biological material planned to be deployed to
produce casualties in personnel or animals or damage plants. (JP 1-02)
Biological weapon. An item of materiel which projects, disperses, or disseminates a
biological agent including arthropod vectors. (JP 1-02)
Blister agent. A chemical agent which injures the eyes and lungs and burns or blisters the
skin. Also called vesicant agent. (JP 1-02)
Campaign. A series of related military operations aimed at accomplishing a strategic or
operational objective within a given time and space. (JP 1-02)
Chemical agent. Any toxic chemical intended for use in military operations. (JP 1-02)
Chemical agent cumulative action. The building up within the human body of small
ineffective doses of certain chemical agents to a point where eventual effect is similar to one
large dose. (JP 1-02)
Chemical ammunition. A type of ammunition, the filler of which is primarily a chemical
agent. (JP 1-02)
Chemical defense. The methods, plans, and procedures involved in establishing and
executing defensive measures against attack utilizing chemical agents. (JP 1-02)
Chemical dose. The amount of chemical agent, expressed in milligrams, that is taken or
absorbed by the body. (JP 1-02)
Chemical environment. Conditions found in an area resulting from direct or persisting
effects of chemical weapons. (JP 1-02)
Chemical monitoring. The continued or periodic process of determining whether or not a
chemical agent is present. (JP 1-02)
Glossary-11
Chemical operation. Employment of chemical agents to kill, injure, or incapacitate for a
significant period of time, man or animals, and deny or hinder the use of areas, facilities, or
materiel; or defense against such employment. (JP 1-02)
Chemical survey. The directed effort to determine the nature and degree of chemical
hazard in an area and to delineate the perimeter of the hazard area. (JP 1-02)
Chemical warfare. All aspects of military operations involving the employment of lethal
and incapacitating munitions/agents and the warning and protective measures associated
with such offensive operations. Since riot control agents and herbicides are not considered
to be chemical warfare agents, those two items will be referred to separately or under the
broader term “chemical,” which will be used to include all types of chemical
munitions/agents collectively. Also called CW. (JP 1-02)
Chemical weapon. Together or separately, (a) a toxic chemical and its precursors, except
when intended for a purpose not prohibited under the Chemical Weapons Convention; (b) a
munition or device, specifically designed to cause death or other harm through toxic
properties of those chemicals specified in (a), above, which would be released as a result of
the employment of such munition or device; (c) any equipment specifically designed for use
directly in connection with the employment of munitions or devices specified in (b), above.
(JP 1-02)
Collective nuclear, biological, and chemical protection. Protection provided to a
group of individuals in a nuclear, biological, and chemical environment which permits
relaxation of individual nuclear, biological, and chemical protection. (JP 1-02)
Combatant command. A unified or specified command with a broad continuing mission
under a single commander established and so designated by the President, through the
Secretary of Defense and with the advice and assistance of the Chairman of the Joint
Chiefs of Staff. Combatant commands typically have geographic or functional
responsibilities. (JP 1-02)
Combatant command (command authority). Nontransferable command authority
established by Title 10 (“Armed Forces”), United States Code, section 164, exercised only by
commanders of unified or specified combatant commands unless otherwise directed by the
President or the Secretary of Defense. Combatant command (command authority) cannot be
delegated and is the authority of a combatant commander to perform those functions of
command over assigned forces involving organizing and employing commands and forces,
assigning tasks, designating objectives, and giving authoritative direction over all aspects
of military operations, joint training, and logistics necessary to accomplish the missions
assigned to the command. Combatant command (command authority) should be exercised
through the commanders of subordinate organizations. Normally this authority is exercised
through subordinate joint force commanders and Service and/or functional component
commanders. Combatant command (command authority) provides full authority to organize
and employ commands and forces as the combatant commander considers necessary to
accomplish assigned missions. Operational control is inherent in combatant command
(command authority). Also called COCOM. (JP 1-02)
Glossary-12
Combatant commander. A commander in chief of one of the unified or specified
combatant commands established by the President (also called CINC). (JP 1-02)
Contaminated remains. Remains of personnel which have absorbed or upon which have
been deposited radioactive material or biological or chemical agents. (JP 1-02)
Contamination. (1) The deposit, absorption, or adsorption of radioactive material, or of
biological or chemical agents on or by structures, areas, personnel, or objects. (2) Food
and/or water made unfit for consumption by humans or animals because of the presence of
environmental chemicals, radioactive elements, bacteria or organisms, the byproduct of the
growth of bacteria or organisms, the decomposing material (to include food substance
itself), or waste in the food or water. (JP 1-02)
Contamination control. Procedures to avoid, reduce, remove, or render harmless,
(temporarily or permanently) nuclear, biological, and chemical contamination for the
purpose of maintaining or enhancing the efficient conduct of military operations. (JP 1-02)
Decontamination. The process of making any person, object, or area safe by absorbing,
destroying, neutralizing, making harmless, or removing chemical or biological agents, or by
removing radioactive material clinging to or around it. (JP 1-02)
Decontamination station. A building or location suitably equipped and organized where
personnel and materiel are cleansed of chemical, biological, or radiological contaminants.
(JP 1-02)
Doctrine. Fundamental principles by which the military forces or elements thereof guide
their actions in support of national objectives. It is authoritative but requires judgment in
application. (JP 1-02)
Herbicide. A chemical compound that will kill or damage plants. (JP 1-02)
Host nation support. Civil and/or military assistance rendered by a nation to foreign
forces within its territory during peacetime, crises, or emergencies, or war based on
agreements mutually concluded between nations. Also called HNS. (JP 1-02)
Identification. 1. The process of determining the friendly or hostile character of an
unknown detected contact. 2. In arms control, the process of determining which nation is
responsible for the detected violations of any arms control measure. 3. In ground combat
operations, discrimination between recognizable objects as being friendly or enemy, or the
name that belongs to the object as a member of a class. Also called ID. (JP 1-02)
Immediate decontamination. Decontamination carried out by individuals immediately
upon becoming contaminated. It is performed in an effort to minimize casualties, save lives,
and limit the spread of contamination. Also called emergency decontamination. (JP 1-02)
Improvised nuclear device. A device incorporating radioactive materials designed to
result in the dispersal of radioactive material or in the formation of nuclear-yield reaction.
Such devices may be fabricated in a completely improvised manner or may be an
improvised modification to a US or foreign nuclear weapon. Also called IND. (JP 1-02)
Glossary-13
Individual protection. Actions taken by individuals to survive and continue the mission
under nuclear, biological, and chemical conditions. (JP 1-02)
Individual protective equipment. In nuclear, biological, and chemical warfare, the
personal clothing and equipment required to protect an individual from biological and
chemical hazards and some nuclear effects. (JP 1-02)
Industrial chemicals. Chemicals developed or manufactured for use in industrial
operations or research by industry, government, or academia. These chemicals are not
primarily manufactured for the specific purpose of producing human casualties or
rendering equipment, facilities, or areas dangerous for human use. Hydrogen cyanide,
cyanogen chloride, phosgene, and chloropicrin are industrial chemicals that also can be
military chemical agents. (JP 1-02)
Joint force commander. A general term applied to a combatant commander, subunified
commander, or joint task force commander authorized to exercise combatant command
(command authority) or operational control over a joint force. Also called JFC. (JP 1-02)
Mean lethal dose. (1) The amount of nuclear irradiation of the whole body which would be
fatal to 50 percent of the exposed personnel in a given period of time. (2) The dose of
chemical agent that would kill 50 percent of exposed, unprotected, and untreated personnel.
(JP 1-02).
Median incapacitating dose. The amount or quantity of chemical agent which when
introduced into the body will incapacitate 50 percent of exposed, unprotected personnel.
(JP 1-02)
Mission-oriented protective posture. A flexible system of protection against nuclear,
biological, and chemical contamination. This posture requires personnel to wear only that
protective clothing and equipment (mission-oriented protective posture gear) appropriate to
the threat level, work rate imposed by the mission, temperature, and humidity. Also called
MOPP. (JP 1-02)
Mission-oriented protective posture gear. Military term for individual protective
equipment including suit, boots, gloves, mask with hood, first aid treatments, and
decontamination kits issued to soldiers. Also called MOPP gear. (JP 1-02)
Munition. A complete device charged with explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, initiating
composition, or nuclear, biological, or chemical material for use in military operations,
including demolitions. Certain suitably modified munitions can be used for training,
ceremonial, or nonoperational purposes. Also called ammunition. (Note: In common usage,
“munitions” [plural] can be military weapons, ammunition, and equipment. (JP 3-11)
Nonpersistent agent. A chemical agent that when released dissipates and/or loses its
ability to cause casualties after 10 to 15 minutes. (JP 1-02)
Nuclear, biological, and chemical-capable nation. A nation that has the capability to
produce and employ one or more types of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons across
the full range of military operations and at any level of war in order to achieve political and
military objectives. (JP 1-02)
Glossary-14
Nuclear, biological, and chemical defense. Defensive measures that enable friendly
forces to survive, fight, and win against enemy use of nuclear, biological, or chemical (NBC)
weapons and agents. US forces apply NBC defensive measures before and during
integrated warfare. In integrated warfare, opposing forces employ nonconventional
weapons along with conventional weapons (NBC weapons are nonconventional). (JP 3-11)
Nuclear, biological, and chemical environment. Environments in which there is
deliberate or accidental employment or threat of employment of nuclear, biological, or
chemical weapons; deliberate or accidental attacks or contamination with toxic industrial
materials, including toxic industrial chemicals; or deliberate or accidental attacks or
contamination with radiological (radioactive) materials. (JP 1-02)
Nuclear defense. The methods, plans, and procedures involved in establishing and
exercising defensive measures against the effects of an attack by nuclear weapons or
radiological warfare agents. It encompasses both the training for, and the implementation
of, these methods, plans, and procedures. (JP 1-02)
Persistency. In biological or chemical warfare, the characteristic of an agent which pertain
to the duration of its effectiveness under determined conditions after its dispersal. (JP 1-02)
Persistent agent. A chemical agent that when released remains able to cause casualties
for more than 24 hours to several days or weeks. (JP 1-02)
Precursor. Any chemical reactant which takes place at any stage in the production by
whatever method of a toxic chemical. This includes any key component of a binary or
multicomponent chemical system. (JP 1-02)
Protection. Measures that are taken to keep nuclear, biological, and chemical hazards
from having an adverse effect on personnel, equipment, or critical assets and facilities.
Protection consists of five groups of activities: hardening of positions, protecting personnel,
assuming mission-oriented protective posture, using physical defense measures, and
reacting to attack. (JP 1-02)
Protective mask. A protective ensemble designed protect the wearer’s face and eyes and
prevent the breathing of air contaminated with chemical and/or biological agents. (JP 1-02)
Riot control agent. Any chemical, that is not listed in the Chemical Weapons Convention,
which can produce rapidly in humans sensory irritate or disabling physical effects which
disappear within a short time following termination of exposure. (JP 1-02.)
Subordinate command. A command consisting of the commander and all those
individuals, units, detachments, organizations, or installations that have been placed under
the command by the authority establishing the subordinate command. (JP 1-02)
Surprise dosage attack. A chemical operation which establishes on target a dosage
sufficient to produce the desired casualties before the troops can mask or otherwise protect
themselves. (JP 1-02)
Survey. The directed effort to determine the location and the nature of a chemical,
biological and radiological hazard in an area. (JP 1-02)
Glossary-15
Tactics. (1) The employment of units in combat. (2) The ordered arrangement and
maneuver of units in relation to each other and/or the enemy in order to use their
potentialities. (JP 1-02)
Total dosage attack. A chemical operation which does not involve a time limit within
which to produce the required toxic level. (JP 1-02)
Toxic chemical. Any chemical which, through its chemical action on life processes, can
cause death, temporary incapacitation, or permanent harm to humans or animals. This
includes all such chemicals, regardless of their origin or of their method of production, and
regardless of whether they are produced in facilities, in munitions or elsewhere. (JP 1-02)
Toxic chemical, biological, or radiological attack. An attack directed at personnel,
animals, or crops using injurious agents of chemical, biological, or radiological origin. (JP 1-
02)
Toxin agent. A poison formed as a specific secretion product in the metabolism of a
vegetable or animal organism, as distinguished from inorganic poisons. Such poisons can
also be manufactured by synthetic processes. (JP 1-02)
Weapons of mass destruction. Weapons that are capable of a high order of destruction
and/or of being used in such a manner as to destroy large numbers of people. Weapons of
mass destruction can be high explosives or nuclear, chemical, biological, and radiological
weapons, but exclude the means of transporting or propelling the weapon where such
means is a separable and divisible part of the weapon. Also called WMD. (JP 1-02)
Glossary-16

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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