FM 3-14 SPACE SUPPORT TO ARMY OPERATIONS (MAY 2005) - page 4

 

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FM 3-14 SPACE SUPPORT TO ARMY OPERATIONS (MAY 2005) - page 4

 

 

________________________________________________________________________Glossary
DSU
direct support unit
ECU
environmental control unit
EHF
Extremely high frequency
EMI
electromagnetic interference
EMPRS
en route mission planning and rehearsal system
EO
electro-optics
EUCOM
United States European Command
EW
electronic warfare
FA
functional area
FLTSAT
fleet satellite communications system
FM
field manual
FORSCOM
United States Army Forces Command
FRAGO
fragmentary order
FSCOORD
fire support coordinator
FWC
Future Warfare Center
G1
assistant chief of staff, personnel
G2
assistant chief of staff, intelligence
G3
assistant chief of staff, operations and plans
G4
assistant chief of staff, logistics
G6
assistant chief of staff, control, communications, and computer
operations
G7
assistant chief of staff, information operations
GA
geospatial analyst
GBS
global broadcast system
GCCS
global command and control system
GEO
geosynchronous earth orbit
GI&S
geospatial information and services
GIG
global information grid
GIS
geographic information system
GPS
global positioning system
GSSC
global satellite communications support center
HEO
highly elliptical orbit
HMMWV
high-mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle
HF
high frequency
HPT
high-payoff target
HQ
headquarters
HSI
hyperspectral imagery
HSOC
home station operations center
18 May 2005
FM 3-14
Glossary-3
FM 3-14 (FM 100-18) ________________________________________________________________
HVT
high-value target
I&W
indications and warning
IC
intelligence community
INMARSAT
international maritime satellite
INSCOM
United States Army Intelligence and Security Command
INTELSAT
International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
IO
information operations
IP
Internet protocol
IPB
intelligence preparation of the battlespace
IR
information requirements
ISR
intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance
J2
Directorate for Intelligence
J3
Directorate for Operations
J6
Directorate for C4 Systems
JCCC
joint communications control center
JCS
Joint Chiefs of Staff
JFC
joint force commander
JFCOM
United States Joint Forces Command
JFLCC
joint force land component commander
JOpsC
joint operations concepts
JP
joint publication
JS
joint staff
JTAGS
joint tactical ground station
JTF
joint task force
JWICS
joint worldwide intelligence communications system
K
one thousand
kbps
kilobits per second
km
kilometer
LCC
land component commander
LEO
low earth orbit
LIDAR
light detection and ranging
LPD
low probability of detection
LPI
low probability of interception
LOS
line of sight
LWIR
long-wave infrared
m
meter
M3P
multimission mobile processor
MACOM
major Army command
Glossary-4
FM 3-14
18 May 2005
________________________________________________________________________Glossary
MASINT
measurement and signature intelligence
MCOO
modified combined obstacle overlay
MCS
mission control station
MDMP
military decisionmaking process
MEO
medium earth orbit
METSAT
meteorological satellite
METT-TC
mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available,
time available, civil considerations
MI
military intelligence
Milstar
military strategic and tactical relay system
MMC
mission management center
MOPP
mission-oriented protective posture
MOS
military occupational specialty
MOU
memorandum of understanding
MRS
MASINT requirements system
MSE
multiple subscriber equipment
MSI
multispectral imagery
MSOC
Milstar satellite operations center
MSS
mobile satellite services
MTI
moving target indicator
MUOS
mobile user objective system
NAVACC
navigational accuracy
NCO
noncommissioned officer
NCOIC
NCO in charge
NCTAMS
naval computer and telecommunications area master station
NETWARCOM
Naval Net Warfare Command
NGA
National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
NIPRNET
nonsecure Internet protocol routing network
NIST
national intelligence support team
NNSOC
Naval Network and Space Operations Command
NNWC
Naval Network Warfare Command
NORTHCOM
United States Northern Command
NRO
National Reconnaissance Office
NRT
near real time
NSC
National Security Council
NSO
NGA staff officer
NSS
national security strategy
NST
National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency support team
18 May 2005
FM 3-14
Glossary-5
FM 3-14 (FM 100-18) ________________________________________________________________
NSTC
National Science and Technology Council
NTM
national technical means
NTT
national to theater
OB
order of battle
OBP
onboard processing
OCMC
Overhead Collection Management Center
OCOKA
observation, cover and concealment, obstacles, key terrain, and
avenues of approach
OPCON
operational control
OPLAN
operation plan
OPORD
operations order
OPSEC
operations security
PACOM
United States Pacific Command
PAM
pamphlet
PDD
presidential decision directive
PIR
priority intelligence requirements
PVT
position, velocity, and timing
prov
provisional
RADARSAT
radar satellite
R&D
research and development
RCC
regional combatant commander
RESIC
Remote Earth Sensing Information Center
RFI
request for information
RMS
requirements management system
ROZ
restricted operation zone
RSOC
regional SIGINT operations center
RSSC
regional satellite communications support center
S2
intelligence staff officer
S3
operations staff officer
S4
logistics staff officer
SA
situation awareness
SAA
satellite access authorization
SAR
synthetic aperture radar
SATCOM
satellite communications
SATCON
satellite control
SATRAN
satellite reconnaissance advance notice
SB/BFT MMC
Space-Based Blue Force Tracking Mission Management Center
SDST
space decision support template
Glossary-6
FM 3-14
18 May 2005
________________________________________________________________________Glossary
SEW
shared early warning
SHF
super-high frequency
SIGINT
signal intelligence
SIPRNET
SECRET Internet protocol router network
SIR
specific information requirement
SMDCOC
Space and Missile Defense Command Operations Center
SOF
special operations forces
SOM
SATCOM operational manager
SOO
space operations officer
SOP
standard operating procedure
SORC
Spectral Operations Resource Center
SOS
space operations system
SOCOM
United States Special Operations Command
SORC
Spectral Operations Resource Center
SOUTHCOM
United States Southern Command
SP2
Army space planning process
SSE
space support element
SSN
space surveillance network
SST
space support team
SWF
short-wave fade
SWO
staff weather officer
TAC CP
tactical command post
TACLAN
tactical local area network
TACSIM
tactical satellite communications interconnect module
TACON
tactical control
TBM
theater ballistic missile
TCCC
theater communications control center
TDL
theater downlink
TENCAP
Tactical Exploitation of National Capabilities Program
TES
theater event system
TMD
theater missile defense
TMW
theater missile warning
TOC
tactical operation center
TPED
tasking, processing, exploitation, and dissemination
TPFDD
time-phased force deployment data
TPPU
Tasking, posting, processing, and using
18 May 2005
FM 3-14
Glossary-7
FM 3-14 (FM 100-18) ________________________________________________________________
TRADOC
United States Army Training and Doctrine Command
TRANSCOM
United States Transportation Command
TRITAC
tri-service tactical
TT&C
telemetry, tracking, and control
TTP
tactics, techniques, and procedures
UA
unit of action
UFO
ultra-high frequency follow on
UHF
ultra-high frequency
UPS
uninterruptible power supply
U.S.
United States of America
USAREUR
United States Army, European Command
USASMDC
United States Army Space and Missile Defense Command
USSTRATCOM
United States Strategic Command
USTRANSCOM
United States Transportation Command
WGS
wideband gapfiller system
WSOC
wideband satellite communications operations center
WX
weather
Terms
combatant
COCOM includes the authority to—
command
Prescribe the chain of command within the command.
Give authoritative direction to subordinate commands, including
all aspects of military operations, joint training and logistics.
Organize commands and forces to carry out assigned missions.
Employ forces necessary to carry out assigned missions.
Assign command functions to subordinate commanders.
Coordinate and approve administration support and discipline.
Exercise authority to select subordinate commanders and combatant
command staff. (Joint Pub 0-2, UNAAF, p. II-14)
Glossary-8
FM 3-14
18 May 2005
________________________________________________________________________Glossary
geospatial
The concept for collection, information extraction, storage,
information and
dissemination, and exploitation of geodetic, geomagnetic, imagery
services
(both commercial and national source), gravimetric, aeronautical,
topographic, hydrographic, littoral, cultural, and toponymic data
accurately referenced to a precise location on the earth’s surface.
These data are used for military planning, training, and operations,
including navigation, mission planning, mission rehearsal, modeling,
simulation, and precise targeting. Geospatial information provides
the basic framework for battlespace visualization. It is information
produced by multiple sources to common interoperable data
standards. It may be presented in the form of printed maps, charts,
and publications; in digital simulation and modeling databases; in
photographic form; or in the form of digitized maps and charts or
attributed centerline data. Geospatial services include tools that
enable users to access and manipulate data, and also includes
instruction, training, laboratory support, and guidance for the use of
geospatial data. The concept is also called GI&S. (JP 2-03)
global positioning
A satellite constellation that provides highly accurate position,
system
velocity, and timing information to users.
hyperspectral
Imagery derived from subdividing the electromagnetic spectrum into
imagery
very narrow bandwidths. These narrow bandwidths may be
combined with or subtracted from each other in various ways to form
images useful in precise terrain or target analysis.
Iridium
Commercial satellite based mobile telephone system.
joint force
General term applied to a combatant commander, subunified
commander
commander, or joint task force commander authorized to exercise
combatant command (command authority) or operational control
over a joint force.
multispectral
The image of an object obtained simultaneously in a number of
imagery
discrete spectral bands.
18 May 2005
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Glossary-9
FM 3-14 (FM 100-18) ________________________________________________________________
operational
(Joint) command authority that may be exercised by commanders at
control
any echelon at or below the level of combatant command.
Operational control is inherent in combatant command (command
authority) and may be delegated within the command. When forces
are transferred between combatant commands, the command
relationship the gaining commander will exercise (and the losing
commander will relinquish) over these forces must be specified by
the Secretary of Defense. Operational control is the authority to
perform those functions of command over subordinate forces
involving organizing and employing commands and forces, assigning
tasks, designating objectives, and giving authoritative direction
necessary to accomplish the mission. Operational control includes
authoritative direction over all aspects of military operations and
joint training necessary to accomplish the missions assigned to the
command. Operational control should be exercised through the
commanders of subordinate organizations. Normally this authority is
exercised through subordinate joint force commanders and Service
and/or functional component commanders. Operational control
normally provides full authority to organize commands and forces
and to employ those forces as the commander in operational control
considers necessary to accomplish assigned missions; it does not, in
and of itself, include authoritative direction for logistics or matters of
administration, discipline, internal organization, or unit training.
(JP 1-02)
panchromatic
Sensitive to all visible light colors.
RADARSAT
Canadian earth observation satellite developed to monitor
environmental change and the planet's natural resources. Uses SAR.
space
A medium like the land, sea, and air within which military activities
shall be conducted to achieve U.S. national security objectives. (JP 3-
14)
space asset
Any individual part of a space system, including (1) equipment that
is or can be placed in space (for example, a satellite or a launch
vehicle) and (2) terrestrially-based equipment that directly supports
space activity (for example, a satellite ground station). (JP 3-14)
space capability
(1) The ability of a space asset to accomplish a mission. (2) The
ability of a terrestrial-based asset to accomplish a mission in space
(such as a ground-based or airborne laser capable of negating a
satellite). (JP 3-14)
space control
Combat, combat support, and combat service support operations to
ensure freedom of action in space for the United States and its allies
and, when directed, deny an adversary freedom of action in space.
The space control mission area includes surveillance of space;
protection of U.S. and friendly space systems; prevention of an
adversary’s ability to use space systems and services for purposes
hostile to U.S. national security interests; negation of space systems
and services used for purposes hostile to U.S. national security
interests; and directly supporting battle management, command,
control, communications, and intelligence. (JP 3-14)
Glossary-10
FM 3-14
18 May 2005
________________________________________________________________________Glossary
space control
(DOD) Operations that provide freedom of action in space for
operations
friendly forces while, when directed, denying it to an adversary, and
include the broad aspects of protection of U.S. and U.S. allied space
systems and negation of adversary space systems, prevention of
adversary use of U.S. and allied space systems, and surveillance of
space.
space force
Combat operations in, through, and from space to influence the
application
course and outcome of conflict. The space force application mission
area includes ballistic missile defense and force projection. (JP 3-14)
space force
Combat support operations to improve the effectiveness of military
enhancement
forces as well as support other intelligence, civil, and commercial
users. The space force enhancement mission area includes
intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance; integrated tactical
warning and attack assessment; command, control, and
communications; position, velocity, time; and environmental
monitoring. (JP 3-14)
space forces
The space and terrestrial systems, equipment, facilities,
organizations, and personnel necessary to access, use and, if
directed, control space for national security. (JP 3-14)
space power
The total strength of a nation’s capabilities to conduct and influence
activities to, in, through, and from space to achieve its objectives. (JP
3-14)
space superiority
The degree of dominance in space of one force over another that
permits the conduct of operations by the former and its related land,
sea, air, space, and special operations forces at a given time and
place without prohibitive interference by the opposing force. (JP 3-
14)
space support
Combat service support operations to deploy and sustain military
and intelligence systems in space. The space support mission area
includes launching and deploying space vehicles, maintaining and
sustaining spacecraft on-orbit, and deorbiting and recovering space
vehicles, if required. (JP 3-14)
space support
A team of space operations experts provided by the Commander,
team
U.S. [Strategic] Command (or one of the space component commands
and augmented by national agencies, as required) upon request of a
geographic combatant commander to assist the supported
commander in integrating space power into the terrestrial campaign.
(JP 3-14)
synthetic
Microwave instrument on a moving platform that sends pulsed
aperture radar
signals to Earth and processes the received reflected pulses as
though they were from a much larger aperture than the actual.
18 May 2005
FM 3-14
Glossary-11
FM 3-14 (FM 100-18) ________________________________________________________________
tactical control
May be delegated to and exercised by commanders at any echelon at
or below the level of combatant command. TACON is inherent in
OPCON.
It provides the authority to—
Give direction for military operations.
Control designated forces (such as, ground forces, aircraft
sorties). (JP 0-2, UNAAF, p. III-10)
Glossary-12
FM 3-14
18 May 2005
Bibliography
These sources contain relevant supplemental information.
JOINT PUBLICATIONS
Joint publications are available online: http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/
JP 0-2, Unified Action Armed Forces (UNAAF). 10 July 2001.
JP 1-02. Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms. 12 April
2001.
JP 2-01.3. Joint Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Joint Intelligence Preparation of
the Battlespace. 24 May 2000.
JP 3-13. Joint Doctrine for Information Opoerations. 9 October 1998.
JP 3-14. Joint Doctrine for Space Operations. 9 August 2002.
Joint Operations Concepts. November 2003.
CJCSI 6250.01, Satellite Communications. 28 May 2004.
ARMY PUBLICATIONS
Most Army doctrinal publications are available online: http://doctrine.army.mil/
AR 710-2. Inventory Management Supply Policy Below the National Level. 25 February
2004.
AR 750-1. Army Materiel Maintenance Policy. 18 August 2003.
DA PAM 715-16. Contractor Deployment Guide. 27 February 1998.
General Orders No. 5. U.S. Army Space and Strategic Defense Command—
Redesignation. 1 March 1998.
FM 1 (FM 100-1). The Army. 14 June 2001.
FM 3-0 (FM 100-5). Operations. 14 June 2001.
FM 3-13 (FM 100-6). Information Operations: Doctrine, Tactics, Techniques, and
Procedures. 28 November 2003.
FM 5-0 (FM 101-5). Army Planning and Orders Production. 20 January 2005.
FM 6-0 (FM 100-34). Mission Command: Command and Control of Army Forces.
11 August 2003.
FM 34-130. Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield. 8 July 1994. (Will be revised as
FM 2-01.3)
FM 100-10-2. Contracting Support on the Battlefield. 4 August 1999. (Will be revised as
FM 4-100.2)
TRADOC Pamphlet 525-3-14. Concept for Space Operations in Support of the Objective
Force. 11 April 2003.
Army Space Policy. April 2003.
18 May 2005
FM 3-14
Bibliography-1
FM 3-14 (FM 100-18) ________________________________________________________________
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
DODD 3100.10. Space Policy. 9 July 1999.
PDD NSC-49/NSTC-8. National Space Policy. 19 September 1996.
AFDD 2-2. Space Operations. 27 November 2001.
Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of
Outer Space, Including the Moon and other Celestial Bodies. 10 October 1967.
Report of the Commission to Assess United States National Security Space Management
and Organization. 11 January 2001.
Bibiliography-2
FM 3-14
18 May 2005

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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