EA-18G. FLIGHT MANUAL (2008) - page 5

 

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EA-18G. FLIGHT MANUAL (2008) - page 5

 

 

A1-E18GA-NFM-000
2.24 TRAINER CONFIGURATION
2.24.1 Throttles (Trainer Configured). The rear cockpit of the trainer configured aircraft contains
an additional set of flight controls: control stick, throttles, and rudder pedals. The rear cockpit
throttles, located on the left console, are mechanically connected to those in the front cockpit and
provide thrust modulation from IDLE to MAX. The rear throttles do not contain finger lifts, so the
engines cannot be secured from the rear cockpit. The rear throttle grips are slightly different than
those in the front cockpit. The ATC engage/disengage switch is not functional; the chaff/flare/ALE-50
switch is not installed; and the speedbrake switch is momentary action only. In general, systems
controlled by throttle switches respond to the last crewmember action taken from either cockpit.
2.24.1.1 Throttle Grip Switches/Controls (Trainer Configured Rear Cockpit). The rear cockpit
throttle grips contain the same weapon systems controls as those in the front cockpit, except no
chaff/flare/ALE-50 switch is installed. The systems controlled by the throttle grip switches/controls
respond to the last crewmember action taken from either cockpit.
2.24.2 Speedbrake Switch. In the trainer configuration, the rear cockpit speedbrake switch has
override priority over the front cockpit switch.
NOTE
In the trainer configuration, if the rear cockpit switch fails in the aft
position, the
5
minute timer must expire before the speedbrake
surfaces can be retracted with the FCS RESET button.
2.24.3 Stick (Trainer Configured). In the trainer configuration, a control stick is also fitted in the
rear cockpit and is mechanically linked to the one in the front cockpit.
2.24.3.1 Stick Grip Switches/Controls (Trainer Configured). In the trainer configuration, the front
and rear cockpit stick grips are identical. However, the rear cockpit trigger and A/G weapon release
button are not functional. The rear cockpit A/A weapon select switch does not automatically select A/A
master mode. From the rear cockpit, A/A master mode must be entered by actuation of the A/A master
2.24.3.2 Stick Grip FCS Controls. In the trainer configuration, the FCS controls on the rear cockpit
stick grip are identical to those in the front cockpit.
2.24.4 Rudder Pedals. In the trainer configuration, two rudder pedals are also fitted in the rear
cockpit but are not mechanically linked to the rudder pedals in the front cockpit. Pedal inputs from
either cockpit are summed together and transmitted to the FCCs. A half pedal input from the front
cockpit and a half pedal input from the rear cockpit results in a full rudder pedal command to the
FCCs. Similarly, opposing rudder pedal inputs in each cockpit cancel each other.
2.24.5 Wheel Brake Operation. In the trainer configuration, a second set of cables are routed to the
servovalves from the rear cockpit brake pedals. The servovalves are controlled by the pilot applying the
most brake pedal force. mode light. The front and rear cockpit control sensor switches are functionally
identical, including ACM mode selection. However, the rear cockpit TDC can be assigned to a sensor
different from the front cockpit TDC. The systems controlled by the stick grip switches/controls
respond to the last crewmember action taken from either cockpit.
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A1-E18GA-NFM-000
CHAPTER 3
Service and Handling
3.1 SERVICING
Refer to A1-E18GA-NFM-600.
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A1-E18GA-NFM-000
CHAPTER 4
Operating Limitations
4.1 LIMITATIONS OF THE BASIC AIRCRAFT
All operating limitations listed in this section are based on the following:
• Aircraft with wing stations 3/9 and 4/8 SUU-79C/A or SUU-79B/A pylons, and stations 2/10
cast SUU-80 (P/N 74A730471-1001) pylons.
• ALQ-218 pods on both wingtip stations 1 and 11.
• FCC OFP 18E-102 or subsequent.
4.1.1 Engine Operation Limitations. During normal engine operation, engine parameters (e.g., N1,
N2, and EGT) are maintained within limits by the FADEC. See figure 4-1 for engine operation
limitations.
EGT Nozzle
Limitations
N2 (%) N1 (%)
Oil Press (psi)
(°C)
(%)
Transient (MIL/MAX)
102
103
976
Steady state
MAX
100
100
952
50 to 100
80 to 150 (warm oil)
MIL
932
0 to 45
Ground IDLE
61
32
250 to 590
77 to 83
35 to 90 (warm oil)
Start
10
871
Min 10 within 30 sec
180 max after 2.5 min
Figure 4-1. Engine Operation Limitations
4.1.1.1
Engine Vibration Limitations. Engine vibration limitations are:
1. FAN VIB:
1.6 ips max
2. CORE VIB:
2.2 ips max
4.1.2 CG Limitations. 16.8 to 31.8% MAC
4.1.3 Airspeed Limitations. The airspeed limitations for the basic aircraft (with or without empty
pylons) in smooth or moderately turbulent air with the landing gear retracted and flaps in AUTO are
650 KCAS at and below 18,000 feet, and 700 KCAS/2.0 IMN (whichever is less) above 18,000 feet, as
shown in figure 4-2. Subsystem related airspeed limitations are shown in figure 4-3.
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A1-E18GA-NFM-000
Figure 4-2. Basic Aircraft Airspeed Limitations
Subsystem
Position/Action
Airspeed/Groundspeed
Extension/Retraction
300 KCAS
Refueling Probe
Extended
400 KCAS
Extension/Retraction/Extended
250 KCAS
Landing Gear
Emergency Extension
170 KCAS
Trailing Edge Flaps
HALF-FULL
250 KCAS
Nose Gear
195 KGS
Tires
Main Gear
210 KGS
Wingfold
Spread/Fold
60 knots
Canopy
Open
60 knots
Figure 4-3. Subsystem Airspeed Limitations
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A1-E18GA-NFM-000
4.1.4 Gross Weight and Lateral Weight Asymmetry Limitations. See figure 4-4 for gross weight and
lateral weight asymmetry limitations. AOA limitations may also apply based on lateral asymmetry, see
figure 4-6.
Condition
GW Limit (lb)
Asymmetry Limit1 (ft-lb)
Catapult/Field Takeoff/In Flight
66,000
26,000
Field Landing/FCLP/T&G
50,600
26,000
Carrier Landing
48,000
26,000
Carrier Barricade
44,000
26,000
1. If FLY/LAND values are unavailable, calculate using station 2-10 stores/external tank fuel/pylons.
Include internal wing fuel split if FUEL XFER caution is displayed.
Figure 4-4. Gross Weight and Lateral Weight Asymmetry Limitations
4.1.4.1
Lateral Weight Asymmetry Calculations. Lateral weight asymmetry is calculated by the MC
and displayed on the CHKLST page. Two values are displayed, FLY and LAND, and indicate
thousands of ft−lb. The values are displayed on the heavy side of the aircraft. Both values include
internal wing fuel imbalances regardless of FUEL XFER caution status. The FLY and LAND values
should be equal and should be used for all conditions. In flight, it is possible for the displayed value to
exceed the value in figure 4−4 due to small fuel imbalances. The values will flash when one fuel
quantity is invalid or one weapon station indicates HUNG and the values will be removed if more than
one fuel quantity is invalid, and/or weapon station indicates HUNG. If AOA TONE caution is
displayed and/or lateral weight asymmetry calculations are flashing, calculate aircraft lateral asym-
metry manually.
Lateral asymmetry is manually calculated by using the weight of asymmetric external stores, pylons,
and fuel on stations 2 thru 10 multiplied by the store station distance shown in figure 4−5. The weight
of asymmetric internal wing fuel can be ignored unless the FUEL XFER caution is displayed due to
asymmetric internal wing fuel. If the FUEL XFER caution is displayed, include the weight of
asymmetric internal wing fuel in lateral asymmetry calculations as shown in figure 4−5. Ensure that
lateral weight asymmetry remains within limits. If value exceeds limits, take corrective action.
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A1-E18GA-NFM-000
Figure 4-5. Asymmetric Stores Limitations
NOTE
• If a FUEL XFER caution is displayed and the internal wing tanks are
unbalanced, the weight of asymmetric internal wing fuel must be used
in calculating total weight asymmetry in all phases of flight. Com-
pletely split internal wing tanks (one full and one empty) have the
potential of reaching 14,000 ft-lb of lateral weight asymmetry.
• The following is a rule of thumb for calculating internal wing tank
asymmetry: pounds of fuel split x 10 (e.g., a 200 pound fuel split
equates to approximately 2,000 ft-lb of asymmetry).
• With a symmetrically loaded aircraft, release of any single store will
not exceed the lateral weight asymmetry limitations. Release of
dissimilar stores in the normal SMS release sequence may exceed the
lateral weight asymmetry limitation.
• Weights listed under each station on the right−hand side of figure 4−5
are the maximum weight that can be asymmetrically carried on any
single station without exceeding 26,000 ft−lb.
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A1-E18GA-NFM-000
4.1.5 AOA Limitations - Flaps AUTO. Refer to figure 4-6 for AOA limitations with flaps in AUTO.
4.1.5.1
AOA Limit Display. The current positive AOA limit is displayed on the CHKLST page. The
limit is displayed below the aircraft and only when a limit exists. For every set of positive/negative
AOA limits, only the positive AOA limit is displayed. The AOA limit will be removed if the FLY lateral
weight asymmetry value is removed. The AOA limit of 14° will be displayed with flaps in HALF or
FULL regardless of the lateral weight asymmetry AOA limit.
AOA Limitations - Flaps AUTO1
Lateral Weight
Subsonic
Supersonic
Asymmetry
(1,000 ft-lb)
6
Unrestricted
Unrestricted
(> +15° Half lateral stick or half rudder
pedal inputs only)
> 6 to 8
> 8 to 13
Low or Slow
High and Fast
( 20k ft or 250
(> 20k ft and > 250
-6 to +15°
KCAS)
KCAS)
and
Unrestricted
+30°
Single axis inputs only2
> 13 to 26
-6 to +15°
and
Single axis inputs only2
Notes:
(1) Rolling maneuvers up to abrupt, full stick (full stick in less than 1 second) are authorized within these
AOA limits and the acceleration limitations specified in figure 4-7.
(2) In ‘‘Single axis inputs only’’ regions, avoid rolling or yawing the aircraft while changing longitudinal stick
position. It is acceptable to pull, stop, then roll or to pull and counter any roll-off induced by the heavy
wing under g.
Figure 4-6. AOA Limitations - Flaps AUTO
4.1.6 Acceleration Limitations. With flaps in AUTO, the acceleration limitations for the basic
aircraft (with or without empty pylons) in smooth air with the landing gear retracted are shown in
figure 4-7. In moderate turbulence, reduce deliberate accelerations 2g below that shown in figure 4-7
to minimize the potential of an aircraft over-g.
Acceleration limits during landing gear extension/retraction, or with landing gear extended, are 0.0
to +2.0g (symmetrical) and +0.5 to +1.5g (rolling).
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A1-E18GA-NFM-000
NOTES
1. At any specific gross weight, the G-limiter will attempt to limit command g to the levels shown
above, up to 57,405 lb GW. Above 57,405 lb GW, the G-limiter is fixed at +5.5.
2. Overshoots up to +0.5g or -0.2g do not constitute an over-g.
3. Above 57,405 lb, an over-g will occur if the pilot solely relies on the G-limiter.
4.
The aircraft structural carriage g envelope is based on the product of the maximum normal
acceleration limits of +7.5g and -3.0g at a weight of 42,097 lb. As aircraft gross weight increases
above 42,097 lb, Nz must be decreased so that the maximum NzW allowable is not exceeded. Refer
to sheet 3 for an example of NzW correction for these calculations. Nz limits between +2.0 and -2.0
need not be corrected for NzW.
5.
See External Stores Limitations, NTRP 3-22.4-EA-18G (EA-18G Unclassified NATIP) for
additional acceleration limitations which may apply when carrying stores. Unless otherwise noted,
Nz store limitations are based on an aircraft gross weight of 42,097 lb. As aircraft gross weight
increases above 42,097 lb, Nz must be decreased so that the maximum NzW allowable is not
exceeded. Refer to sheet 3 for an example of NzW correction for these calculations. Over-g
protection is not provided by the G-limiter for additional Nz restrictions due to store carriage.
Over-g due to store limitations will not trigger an over-g MSP code but aircraft over stress may
result. Additional store restrictions should be closely monitored by aircrew. Nz limits between +2.0
and -2.0 need not be corrected for NzW.
Figure 4-7. Acceleration Limitations - Basic Aircraft
(with or without empty pylons) (Sheet 1 of 3)
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A1-E18GA-NFM-000
NOTES
1. At any specific gross weight, the G-limiter will attempt to limit command positive g to the levels
shown above, up to 57,405 lb GW with lateral stick inputs. Above 57,405 lb GW, the G-limiter is
fixed at +4.4. For negative rolling maneuvers beyond -1 g, the G-limiter will not reduce command
g in response to lateral stick input. Negative load factor when rolling shall be closely monitored.
2. Overshoots up to +0.5g or -0.2g do not constitute an over-g.
3. Above 57,405 lb, an over-g will occur if the pilot solely relies on the G-limiter.
4. The aircraft structural carriage g envelope is based on the product of the maximum normal
acceleration limits of +7.5g and -3.0g at a weight of 42,097 lb. As aircraft gross weight increases
above 42,097 lb Nz must be decreased so that the maximum NzW allowable is not exceeded. Refer
to sheet 3 for an example of NzW correction for these calculations. Nz limits between +2.0 and -2.0
need not be corrected for NzW.
5. See External Stores Limitations, NTRP
3-22.4-EA-18G (EA-18G Unclassified NATIP) for
additional acceleration limitations which may apply when carrying stores. Unless otherwise noted,
Nz store limitations are based on an aircraft gross weight of 42,097 lb. As aircraft gross weight
increases above 42,097 lb, Nz must be decreased so that the maximum NzW allowable is not
exceeded. Refer to sheet 3 for an example of NzW correction for these calculations. Over-g
protection is not provided by the G-limiter for additional Nz restrictions due to store carriage.
Over-g due to store limitations will not trigger an over-g MSP code but aircraft over stress may
result. Additional store restrictions should be closely monitored by aircrew. Nz limits between +2.0
and -2.0 need not be corrected for NzW.
Figure 4-7. Acceleration Limitations - Basic Aircraft
(with or without empty pylons) (Sheet 2)
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A1-E18GA-NFM-000
Figure 4-7. Acceleration Limitations - Basic Aircraft
(with or without empty pylons) (Sheet 3)
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A1-E18GA-NFM-000
4.1.7 Limitations with Flaps HALF or FULL. Refer to figure 4-8 for flaps limitations when HALF or
FULL.
Parameter
Limitation
AOA
0 to 14° (AOA tone) (1)
Bank angle
90° max
15° max during flap selection (HALF or FULL from
AUTO) with a HI AOA advisory
Acceleration
Symmetrical
0.0 to +2.0g
Rolling
+0.5 to +1.5g
NOTE:
1. Transitory excursions above 14° may be seen during catapult launch.
Figure 4-8. Limitations with Flaps HALF or FULL
4.1.8 Refueling Limitation. Maximum refueling pressure, in flight or on the ground, is
55
psi.
4.1.9 Prohibited Maneuvers
Environmental -
1. Flight in lightning or thunderstorms.
Systems -
1. Takeoff with a FADEC DEGD indication (dual channel line outs).
2. Takeoff with an FCS A or FCS B DEGD.
3. Pulling any FCS circuit breaker in flight except as directed by NATOPS.
4. Use of RALT mode below 500 feet AGL.
5. Landing with autopilot modes engaged except for the following:
a. Mode 1 ACL.
b. Field landings with FPAH/ROLL.
6. Takeoffs and landings while using any laser eye protection (LEP) devices.
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ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
7. Selection of MAN with the ECS MODE switch.
Selection of MAN with the ECS MODE switch while the aft cooling fan
shutoff valve is open may cause the fan to overspeed resulting in a
catastrophic fan failure potentially leading to loss of OBOGS.
Departure/Spin -
1. Zero airspeed tailslides.
2. Intentional departures/spins.
3. Yaw rates over 40°/second (yaw tone).
4. Holding roll inputs (lateral stick or rudder pedal) past 360° of bank angle change.
5. Inflight selection of RCVY on the SPIN switch.
Selection of manual spin recovery mode (SPIN switch in RCVY) seri-
ously degrades controllability and prevents recovery from any departure
or spin.
Fuel and Engine Oil -
1. Zero g except transient (over 2 seconds between +0.2 and -0.2g).
2. Negative g for more than 10 seconds (30 seconds required between negative g maneuvers).
Loads -
1. Field full stop, FCLP, or T&G with lens settings greater than 3.25°.
2. Carrier arrestment or T&G with lens settings greater than 4.0°.
3. Flight above 650 KCAS and below 18,000 feet MSL (as shown in figure 4-2).
4. Holding lateral stick inputs past 180° of bank angle change when pushing between 0.0 and -1.0g.
5. Abrupt, full aft stick inputs (full aft stick in less than 0.5 seconds) with less than 3,500 pounds of
fuel.
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ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
6. Any rudder input when aircraft load factor is more negative than -1.2 g.
7. Use of yaw trim to generate sideslip (drive ball from center).
8. For approved store loadouts between 16,000 and 26,000 ft-lb lateral asymmetry, the carriage
limitation is -1g to +3g symmetric maneuvering (load factor does not need to be corrected for
aircraft gross weight) and rolls are limited to coordinated turns.
9. Lateral and directional trim limitations. Use of lateral and/or directional trim in combination
with lateral stick inputs above certain airspeeds may result in the exceedance of aircraft
structural load limitations. Following are conditions that require trim due to aircraft imbalance
and their associated limitations. These are in addition to existing limitations for the basic aircraft
and any store peculiar limitation. Air to ground limitations are for any configuration with a wing
EFT or wing carried air to ground store.
Condition
Prohibited Maneuvers
Pushing beyond -1.2g when airspeed is above 500 KCAS
Roll off tendency >
More than half lateral stick deflection when
/sec without lateral trim
airspeed > 600 KCAS or Mach > 1.1
below 24,000 ft MSL
airspeed > 500 KCAS above 24,000 ft MSL
Lateral weight
asymmetry for air-to-
Pushing beyond -1.2g when airspeed is above 500 KCAS
ground store
>
6,000
ft-lb and 26,000 ft-lb
Flutter -
1. Flight without ALQ-218 pods installed on both wingtip stations 1 and 11. The ALQ-218 pod shall
denote and include all of the internal and external components defined below:
a. ALQ-218 pod required installation configuration - includes all of the following components for
each wingtip pod:
(1) Structural assembly with shock−mounted equipment trays installed, and including four (4)
upper surface fins.
(2) WRA-1,2,3,4/AU-1,2,3,4 (antenna preselector unit and SBI array) in the forward and aft
equipment tray.
(3) AU-10/11 (left/right mid-band SBI array) in the center position of the outboard-facing
ground plane.
(4) AU-17/19 (left/right forward low band antenna) in the forward position of the outboard-
facing ground plane.
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ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
(5) AU-18/20 (left/right aft low band antenna) in the aft position of the outboard-facing
ground plane.
(6) Forward and aft RF-compatible radomes.
(7) Side RF-compatible radome.
(8) Pod air inlet scoop.
Flying Qualities -
1. Single-ship takeoffs with 90° crosswind component over 30 knots.
2. Section takeoffs with any of the following conditions:
a.
90° crosswind component over 15 knots.
b. Asymmetric loading over 9,000 ft-lb.
c. Dissimilar loading except pylons and fuselage missiles.
3. Flight with GAIN ORIDE selected above 10° AOA or above 350 KCAS (flaps AUTO), above 200
KCAS (flaps HALF), or above 190 KCAS (flaps FULL).
With GAIN ORIDE selected (fixed FCS gains), the aircraft is uncontrol-
lable above approximately 450 KCAS.
4. Single-ship landings with 90° crosswind component over 30 knots.
5. Section landings with 90° crosswind component over 15 knots.
6. Aerobraking on landing rollout with crosswind greater than 5 knots, pitch attitude greater than
10°, airspeed less than 80 KCAS, GAIN−ORIDE selected, FCS AIR DAT caution or FLAP
SCHED caution.
4.2 EXTERNAL STORES LIMITATIONS
The NTRP 3-22.4-EA-18G (EA-18G Unclassified NATIP) defines the stores limitations for all
EA-18G authorized suspension equipment and external stores, including external fuel tanks.
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PART II
INDOCTRINATION
Chapter
5 - Indoctrination
57
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ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
CHAPTER 5
Indoctrination
5.1 INITIAL QUALIFICATION
Initial NATOPS qualification in EA-18G aircraft shall be obtained by satisfactory completion of the
CNO approved course of instruction at an EA-18G Fleet Replacement Squadron (FRS). The minimum
training requirements to be completed prior to initial NATOPS qualification for pilots and weapon
system operators (WSO) are set forth below.
5.1.1 Minimum Ground Training Requirements. The following minimum ground training require-
ments shall be successfully completed prior to first flight in an G-series aircraft:
1. FRS academic familiarization syllabus to include:
a. Aircraft systems and procedures.
b. Emergency procedures review.
c. Instrument flight training.
d. Immediate action, open, and closed book NATOPS exams.
e. Cockpit orientation.
f. Ejection, egress, and survival equipment checkout.
g. Preflight checkout.
2. FRS simulator familiarization syllabus in the Tactical Operational Flight Trainer (TOFT).
5.1.2 Minimum Flight Training Requirements. The following minimum flight training require-
ments shall be successfully completed prior to initial NATOPS qualification:
1. FRS familiarization flight phase to include a minimum of 10 hours first pilot time (FPT) in
G-series aircraft (5 hours if currently NATOPS qualified in F/A-18A-F), and a minimum of 10 hours
special crew time (SCT) (5 hours if currently NATOPS qualified in F/A-18B/D/F) in G-series
aircraft for WSOs.
5.2 FOLLOW-ON TRAINING
Follow-on ground training for each activity may vary according to local conditions, field facilities,
requirements from higher authority, and the immediate unit Commanding Officer’s estimate of
squadron readiness.
Follow-on flight training should include aircraft and weapon systems instruction, normal and
emergency procedures, simulators
(if available), and evaluation of aircrew performance. Local
command requirements, squadron mission, and other factors may influence the actual flight training
syllabus and the sequence in which it is completed.
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ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
5.3
CURRENCY REQUIREMENTS
Minimum requirements to maintain currency after initial qualification shall be established by the
unit Commanding Officer but will involve no less than 5 hours of first pilot time and two takeoffs and
landings in G-series aircraft in the previous 90 days for pilots, and 5 hours of special crew time in
F-series aircraft in the previous 90 days for WSOs. Additionally, an annual NATOPS evaluation with
a grade of at least conditionally qualified is required for both pilots and WSOs.
5.3.1 Regaining Currency. Requalification of those crewmembers whose currency has lapsed shall
include a familiarization flight(s), to include enough flight time to enable crewmembers to attain the
requirement of 5 flight hours and 2 takeoff and landings in G-series within 90 days. Specifics of
familiarization flight(s) at discretion of Commanding Officer of the unit having custody of the aircraft.
5.4 REQUIREMENTS FOR VARIOUS FLIGHT PHASES
The specific requirements for various flight phases conducted during initial training in G-series
aircraft are listed in figure 5-1.
Pilots with current
NATOPS in
Type/Model, and
Flight Phase
Pilot General
WSO
EA-18G CAT1 or CAT2
transition syllabus
complete
Day Solo/Crew Solo
4 FAM flights *
1 FAM flight *
Night Solo/Crew Solo
Day Solo/Crew Solo qualified, 1 night FAM flight
Solo/Crew Solo Cross
EA-18G instrument and NATOPS qualified
Country
Initial CQ
50 EA-18G hours
NATOPS Qualified
15 EA-18G hours
(FPT)
(FPT)
* CNO approved syllabus
Figure 5-1. Requirements for Various Flight Phases During Initial Training
5.4.1 Instrument Evaluation Flights. Instrument evaluation flight requirements are delineated in
OPNAVINST 3710.7 series and the NATOPS Instrument Flight Manual. Instrument evaluation
flights may be conducted by designated military aviators or Naval Flight Officers designated in writing
by their Commanding Officer.
5.4.2 Instrument Qualification. In accordance with OPNAVINST 3710.7 series, instrument ratings
shall be valid in all aircraft in which the pilot is instrument qualified regardless of the model in which
the check was flown. A pilot may be considered to be instrument qualified in an aircraft when he/she
has completed the evaluation as outlined in each respective NATOPS manual and has met the
requirements for an instrument rating as outlined in OPNAVINST 3710.7 series.
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A1-E18GA-NFM-000
5.4.2.1
Requirements for Instrument Qualification in G-Series Aircraft. Each aircrew is required to
be instrument qualified in EA-18G aircraft.
Pilots must have a current instrument rating prior to flight in actual instrument conditions. Figure
5-2 delineates the pilot requirements for instrument qualification along with ceiling and visibility
restrictions for instrument rated pilots. When a pilot becomes fully instrument qualified in EA-18G
aircraft, the ceiling and visibility requirements shall be the minimums authorized by OPNAVINST
3710.7 series, namely field minimums not less than 200/½.
WSOs must attend instrument ground school and satisfactorily complete a written examination to
be instrument qualified.
5.4.3 Ceiling/Visibility
Requirements. The ceiling and visibility requirements for takeoff and
landing for pilots who are not fully instrument qualified in G-series aircraft are delineated in figure 5-2.
Pilot With Current
Pilot With Current
Instrument Rating,
EA-18G Actual
Instrument Rating
Pilot With Current
F/A-18A-F NATOPS
Flight Experience
and >500 Hours in
Instrument Rating
Qualification and
Tactical Aircraft
>300 hours in model
IP in rear of F(T)
300/1
1000/3 for takeoff/
None
landing, and training in
clear air mass
Remain VMC and VFR
Circling mins for takeoff/
Complete 1st FAM
landing, and training in
flight *
clear air mass
1000/3 for takeoff/
Complete 2nd FAM
EA-18G instrument
landing, and training in
Remain VMC and VFR
flight *
qualified
clear air mass
Complete 2nd FAM
Circling mins for takeoff/
1000/3 for takeoff/
flight *, and IAC in rear
landing, and training in
landing, and training in
cockpit or complete all
clear air mass
clear air mass
FAM flights * ++
Circling mins for
EA-18G NATOPS check
EA-18G instrument
takeoff/landing, and
and >10 hours (FPT)
qualified
training in clear air mass
EA-18G NATOPS check
EA-18G instrument
and >40 hours (FPT)
qualified
* CNO approved syllabus
++ Excluding CQ introduction
Figure 5-2. Pilot Ceiling and Visibility Restrictions Prior to Instrument Qualification
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5.5 WAIVERS
Unit Commanding Officers are authorized to waive, in writing, minimum flight and/or training
requirements in accordance with OPNAVINST 3710.7 series.
5.6 PERSONAL FLYING EQUIPMENT
The minimum requirement for personal flying equipment is contained in OPNAVINST 3710.7
series. In addition, all EA-18G aircrew shall use the latest available flight safety and survival
equipment authorized by the Aircrew Personal Protective Equipment Manual (NAVAIR 13-1-6).
II-5-4
ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
PART III
NORMAL PROCEDURES
Chapter
6 - Flight Preparation
Chapter
7 - Shore-Based Procedures
Chapter
8 - Carrier-Based Procedures
Chapter
9 - Special Procedures
Chapter 10 - Functional Checkflight Procedures
59
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ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
CHAPTER 6
Flight Preparation
6.1 MISSION PLANNING
6.1.1 General. All aircrew shall be responsible for preflight planning and preparation of required
charts, route navigation computations including fuel planning, checking weather and NOTAMS, and
for filing required flight plans. Refer to Part XI, Performance Data or approved fuel planning software,
to determine fuel consumption and profile. Planned minimum on deck fuel should not be less than
1,800 lb. The aircrew shall refer to applicable tactical publications to plan specialized missions.
6.1.2 Flight Codes. The proper flight classification and flight purpose codes to be assigned to
individual flights are established by OPNAVINST 3710.7 (Series).
6.2 BRIEFING/DEBRIEFING
6.2.1 Briefing. The flight leader is responsible for the briefing of each aircrew in the flight on all
aspects of the mission to be flown. A standard briefing guide shall be used in conducting the briefing.
Briefs shall include applicable ADMIN, TAC ADMIN, and MISSION CONDUCT. Aircrew qualified
to assume the mission lead shall record all data necessary to complete the mission. The briefing guide
should include the following:
6.2.1.1
NATOPS Admin Briefing Guide
General
Time hack
Objectives
Mission (Primary, Secondary)
Training
Julian date, event number
Times
Walk
Start
Check In
Taxi
Takeoff
Land
Debrief
Line up
Callsigns
Aircraft assigned
Crew (Msn Commander, Alternate Lead)
A/A TACAN
Radar channels, search block
Loadout Gross Weight, Max Trap
Comm Plan
Frequencies
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ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
Controlling Agencies
IFF Procedures
Alpha Check
Waypoint Plan
Weather, NOTAMs
Launch, Mission, Recovery, Divert
Sunrise, Sunset, Moonrise, Moonset
Water / Air Temperature
Joker / Bingo / Fuel Ladder
Preflight
Aircraft
Ordnance
Ground / On-deck
Line / Deck and Start Procedures
Final checks
Clearance
Arming
Marshal
Taxi
Takeoff / Launch
Duty Runway / Ships Heading
Ships Posit, PIM
Type Takeoff / Case Departure
Takeoff Data (NWLO, T/O, Abort speeds, Distance)
Catapult Endspeed, Trim (asymmetrical)
Takeoff Checks
Departure Procedures
En Route
Rendezvous (Location, Speed)
En Route Formation
Route of Flight
Op Area
Range Info, Altitudes, Restrictions
Target Time, Range Event Number
Controlling Agency
Entry / Exit procedures
RTB / Recovery
Rendezvous (Location, Speed)
Battle Damage Checks
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ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
Formation
Controlling Agency
Route of Flight
Airfield Recovery Procedures
Ship Recovery Procedures
Case Recovery
Marshal
Recovery Time
Type entry
Overhead, Break Interval
Straight-In / GCA
Type Landing
Post Landing
Clearing Landing Area
Configuration Changes
Comm
Taxi
De-Arming
Parking (Line / Hotpits / Hotseat)
Contingencies
Allowable Slide Time
Go / No Go Criteria
Fallouts, Spares
Bent Radar / Sensor / Weapon
Hung / Unexpended Ordnance
Weather
Emergencies
Abort, Field Arrestment
Loss of Brakes, Emergency Cat Flyaway
Inflight Emergencies / System Failures
NORDO, Lost Comm / Lost Sight
Midair, Bird Strike
Divert / BINGO
Ejection / SAR
ORM
Training Rules
ACM
NVG
LAT
LATT
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ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
Aircrew Coordination
Refer to Chapter 28.
6.2.1.2
NATOPS Tactical Admin Briefing Guide.
Environmentals
Sun / Moon
Winds
Conning Altitudes, Conn Check
Cloud cover
Decks (Hard / Soft)
Weapons Checks
G-warm, Inverted Check
Expendables Check
Fence Checks Complete
CVRS - Tapes
Knock It Off / Terminate Calls
Fuel & G Checks
6.2.2 Debriefing. Post-flight debriefing is an integral part of every flight. The flight leader shall
conduct a mission debrief to include ADMIN, TAC ADMIN, SAFETY OF FLIGHT, and MISSION
CONDUCT. Emphasis shall be placed on identifying and correcting errors and poor techniques.
Debrief shall include all available aircrew and be conducted in a timely manner.
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ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
CHAPTER 7
Shore-Based Procedures
NOTE
• EA-18G EWO responsibilities are italicized.
• For EA-18G crew coordination specifics, including individual aircrew
responsibilities and ICS communications, refer to Chapter 29, Crew
Coordination Standards.
7.1 PREFLIGHT CHECKS
7.1.1 In Maintenance Control. The A-sheet must be checked for aircraft status, configuration,
armament loading, and servicing prior to manning the aircraft. Review the aircraft discrepancy book
(ADB) for (1) all outstanding discrepancies and (2) at least the last 10 flights worth of discrepancies
and corrective action. Weight and balance clearance is the responsibility of the Maintenance
Department.
7.1.2 Inspection of RCS Reduction Features. The most critical RCS reduction features/treatments
include (1) EMIS III radar bulkhead shields, (2) canopy and windshield coatings, (3) engine inlet
devices, and (4) outer moldline mismatch/gap control. To ensure that the survivability characteristics
of the aircraft are retained, attention should be focused on the following areas:
1. On missions where the full RCS reduction potential of the aircraft is desired (typically wartime
environment only), ensure the twelve missionized EMIS III radar bulkhead shields are installed.
Additionally, ensure all SUU-79 pylons are fitted with their LO hardware (CAD access covers and
four bolt fairings).
2. Typically, if minor damage to canopy or windshield coatings is visually acceptable for flight, the
RCS reduction potential of the coatings should be retained.
3. Typically, if minor damage to the inlet lip/duct RAM coatings or to the inlet device are acceptable
from a FOD standpoint, the RCS reduction potential of the coatings/device should be retained.
4. Mismatches and gaps in the outer moldline of the aircraft can substantially reduce RCS reduction
potential. Care should be taken to note and repair damage to RAM coatings and FIP seals,
particularly around frequently opened panels. Doors and panels should be flush with the surround-
ing structure and gaps should be filled. In general, a rule of thumb for an acceptable amount of
panel/structure mismatch is no greater than the thickness of a PCL cover. With mismatches greater
than that width, some RCS reduction potential is lost. The most critical gaps are those aligned
perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the aircraft (e.g., vertical gaps between side panels and 3-9
line gaps between underside panels). Gaps and mismatches that run along the longitudinal axis of
the aircraft are less critical.
In general, at least 75% of the perimeter of every door should exhibit good FIP seal integrity (e.g.,
sealed and flush). RAM coating damage should not exceed 25% of the total RAM area in any particular
location (e.g., around flap hinges or main landing gear door edges). Multi-layer RAM patches forward
III-7-1
ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
Figure 7-1. Exterior Inspection
of the inlet should show no sign of disbonding or peeling. All conductive tape, the windshield aft arch
termination strip, NLG blade seals, canopy and wing conductive bulb seals, and TEF/rudder boots
should be fully bonded, with no loose or peeling corners or edges. It is normally acceptable to trim loose
materials that are noticed just prior to flight.
7.1.3 Exterior Inspection. The exterior inspection (figure 7-1) is divided into 21 areas, beginning at
the left forward fuselage and continuing clockwise around the aircraft. Check doors secure and be alert
for loose fasteners, cracks, dents, leaks, and other general discrepancies.
1. Nose landing gear
a. Holdback fitting - CHECK CONDITION
b. Nose landing gear pin - REMOVED
c. Tires and wheels - CHECK CONDITION
d. Strut extension - 6.5 INCHES (nominal)
e. Tiedown rings (2) - CHECK SPRING CONDITION
f. Launch bar - CHECK CONDITION
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ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
g. NWS assembly - CHECK CONDITION
h. Taxi and approach lights - CHECK CONDITION
i. Strut pressure gauges (2) - CHECK IN THE GREEN
j. Retract actuator - CHECK CONDITION
2.
Nose wheelwell
a. Maintenance code switch - SELECT RESET MOMENTARILY (applies power to the SMS
processor).
b. AEA PRECOOL switch - TEMP CHECK
Check PRECOOL REQUIRED indicator light. If light illuminated, avionics pre-cooling is
required.
c. Doors and linkages - CHECK CONDITION
3.
Nose section (left side)
a. Safety switches - CHECK
(1) Expendables - Yellow when out
(2) Gun electrical - Orange when out
(3) Gun holdback - Orange when out
b. AOA probe - CHECK CONDITION
(1) Smooth, concentric rotation through the full range of travel to include while gently pulling
and pushing the AOA probe.
(2) No bends, dents, dings, cracking or blistering of exterior coatings, or other surface
discrepancies.
c. Pitot tube - CHECK CONDITION (no bends, dents, dings, cracking or blistering of exterior
coatings, or other surface discrepancies).
d. Pitot static drains (4) - CLOSED (underside)
e. Forward antennas - CHECK CONDITION
(1) Blade antenna (Comm 1, DL, IFF)
(2) Hump antenna (ALR-67 Low band array)
(3) Flush chevron antenna (ICLS, ACLS)
(4) ALQ-218 antenna radomes (2)
f. Radome - CHECK SECURE (2 points)
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ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
4.
Nose section (top)
a. CAS Antenna - CHECK CONDITION
5.
Nose section (right side)
a. Radome - CHECK SECURE (2 points)
b. ALQ-218 antenna radomes (2) - CHECK CONDITION
c. AOA probe - CHECK CONDITION
(1) Smooth, concentric rotation through the full range of travel to include while gently pulling
and pushing the AOA probe.
(2) No bends, dents, dings, cracking or blistering of exterior coatings, or other surface
discrepancies.
d. Pitot tube - CHECK CONDITION (no bends, dents, dings, cracking or blistering of exterior
coatings, or other surface discrepancies).
e. Refuel cap - ON
f. Refuel door (8R) - CLOSED/SECURED
6.
Forward fuselage (right side)
a. Aft blade antenna (Comm 2, TCN) - CHECK CONDITION
b. Flush LEX antenna (ALQ-165 low/high band transmitter) - CHECK CONDITION
c. SMS processor - CHECK WEAPON/FUZE CODES
d. DOOR 13R - CLOSED/SECURED
e. Right engine intake - CLEAR
f. Heat exchanger ram air inlet (top, inside intake) - CLEAR
g. Chaff/flare dispensers
(2)
- PREFLIGHT (ensure chaff/flare buckets or access covers
installed).
7.
External fuel tank(s) - PREFLIGHT
a. Refuel cap - DOWN, LOCKED, ARROW FORWARD
b. Precheck valve - DOWN, FLUSH
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ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
8. ALQ-99 pod - CHECK
(Repeat check for centerline and left wing mounted pods)
Do not rotate RAT in a counterclockwise direction as it will result in
severe damage to the RAT brake assembly.
a. RAT brake - CHECK
b. Air cooling inlet - CLEAR
c. Electrical connection (1) - CHECK
d. Radome/radome fasteners - CHECK/SECURE
9. Station 7 missile, NFLR, or LDT (if installed) - PREFLIGHT
10. Right main landing gear - CHECK
a. Tire and wheel - CHECK CONDITION
b. Brake wear indicator - EXTENDED (not flush or below flush)
c. Planing link - CHECK CONDITION
d. Strut - CHECK CONDITION
e. Tiedown rings (2) - CHECK SPRING CONDITION
f. Landing gear pin - REMOVED
11. Right wing
a. Flush LEX antenna (ALR-67/ALQ-165 receivers) - CHECK CONDITION
b. LEF - CHECK CONDITION
c. Pylons and external stores - PREFLIGHT
d. Wingfold area - CHECK CONDITION AND VERIFY WINGFOLD PIN REMOVED
e. Position lights - CHECK CONDITION
f. ALQ-218 wingtip pod - CHECK CONDITION
(1) General condition
(2) Radomes (3)
(3) Inlets clear and structural integrity
(4) Exhausts clear
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ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
g. Aileron - CHECK CONDITION, FAIRED WITH WINGS FOLDED
If the wings are folded, note the position of the ailerons. If the aileron
locking pins do not restrain the ailerons in the faired position, ensure the
ailerons are moved to a faired or outboard position prior to engine start
to preclude damage to the ailerons and TEFs.
h. TEF - CHECK CONDITION
i. Upper surface wing fence - CHECK CONDITION
12. Right wheelwell
a. Hydraulic filter indicators (delta-Ps) - NOT POPPED
b. APU accumulator gauge - CHECK (3,000 psi nominal)
c. APU handpump handle - STOWED AND PINNED
d. Doors and linkages - CHECK CONDITION
e. Landing gear downlock and retract actuators - CHECK CONDITION
13. Aft fuselage (right side)
a. ALQ-218 antenna radomes (2) - CHECK CONDITION
b. Vertical tail and rudder - CHECK CONDITION
c. Strobe light - CHECK CONDITION
d. Fuel vent outlet - CLEAR
e. Light/antenna radomes - CHECK CONDITION
(1) Tail light (top)
(2) ALQ-165 low/high band receiver (middle)
(3) ALR-67 receiver (bottom)
f. Dump outlet - CLEAR
g. Stabilator - CHECK CONDITION
h. Exhaust nozzle and afterburner section - CHECK CONDITION
14. Arresting hook area
III-7-6
ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
a. Arresting hook - CHECK CONDITION (make sure cotter key installed in hook point attach
bolt).
b. Arresting hook pin - REMOVED
15. Aft fuselage (left side)
a. Exhaust nozzle and afterburner section - CHECK CONDITION
b. Stabilator - CHECK CONDITION
c. Vertical tail and rudder - CHECK CONDITION
d. Antenna radomes - CHECK CONDITION
(1) ALQ-165 high band transmitter (top)
(2) ALQ-165 low band transmitter (middle)
(3) ALR-67 receiver (bottom)
e. Dump outlet - CLEAR
f. Strobe light - CHECK CONDITION
g. Fuel vent outlet - CLEAR
h. ALQ-218 antenna radomes (2) - CHECK CONDITION
16. Aft fuselage (underside)
a. APU intake (screened) and exhaust ducts - CLEAR
b. ATS exhaust ducts (screened) - CLEAR
17. Left main wheelwell
a. Hydraulic filter indicators (delta-Ps) - NOT POPPED
b. Doors and linkages - CHECK CONDITION
c. Landing gear downlock and retract actuators - CHECK CONDITION
d. Landing gear pin - REMOVED
18. Left wing
a. TEF - CHECK CONDITION
III-7-7
ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
b. Aileron - CHECK CONDITION, FAIRED WITH WINGS FOLDED
If the wings are folded, note the position of the ailerons. If the aileron
locking pins do not restrain the ailerons in the faired position, ensure the
ailerons are moved to a faired or outboard position prior to engine start
to preclude damage to the ailerons and TEFs.
c. ALQ-218 wingtip pod - CHECK CONDITION
(1) General condition
(2) Radomes (3)
(3) Inlets clear and structural integrity
(4) Exhausts clear
d. Position lights - CHECK CONDITION
e. Wingfold area - CHECK CONDITION AND VERIFY WINGFOLD PIN REMOVED
f. Pylons and external stores - PREFLIGHT
g. LEF - CHECK CONDITION
h. Flush LEF antenna (ALR-67/ALQ-165 receivers) - CHECK CONDITION
i. Upper surface wing fence - CHECK CONDITION
19. Left main landing gear
a. Tire and wheel - CHECK CONDITION
b. Brake wear indicator - EXTENDED (not flush or below flush)
c. Planing link - CHECK CONDITION
d. Strut - CHECK CONDITION
e. Tiedown rings (2) - CHECK SPRING CONDITION
20. Station 5 missile (if installed) - PREFLIGHT
21. Forward fuselage (left side)
a. Chaff/flare dispensers
(2)
- PREFLIGHT (ensure chaff/flare buckets
or
access
covers
installed).
b. Left engine intake - CLEAR
c. Heat exchanger ram air inlet (top, inside intake) - CLEAR
III-7-8
ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
d. Fuel cavity drains (underside) - VERIFY NO LEAKS
e. Loose fasteners - CHECK
f. Flush LEX antenna (ALQ-165 low/high band transmitter) - CHECK CONDITION
7.1.4 Before Entering Cockpit.
1. Ensure all doors forward of the intakes are secured properly.
2. Boarding ladder - SECURE (2 points)
3. Fuselage (upper surface)
a. Spoilers - CHECK CONDITION
b. Upper antennas (Comm 1, DL, TCN, MATT, and CSS) - CHECK CONDITION
c. ECS auxiliary duct doors - CHECK DOWN/CONDITION
d. Maintenance handle - CHECK STOWED
4. RMM - INSTALL IN SSR (if desired)
5. Ejection seat SAFE/ARMED handle - SAFE
6. Ejection seat(s) - PREFLIGHT
a. Manual override handle - FULL DOWN and LOCKED
b. Right pitot - STOWED
c. Ballistic gas quick-disconnect - CONNECTED (indicator dowel flush or slightly protruding)
d. Top latch plunger locking indicator - FLUSH WITH THE END OF THE PLUNGER
If the top latch plunger locking indicator is not flush, the seat could come
loose on the mounting rails.
e. Catapult manifold valve - CHECK (hoses and manifold connected; retaining pin installed)
f. Parachute withdrawal line - CONNECTED/SECURED
g. Parachute container lid - SECURE
h. Left pitot - STOWED
i. Electronic sequencer - NOT ACTIVATED
(1) Indicator should be BLACK (not activated).
III-7-9
ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
(2) White - CHECK THERMAL BATTERIES NOT ACTIVATED
j. Thermal batteries - NOT ACTIVATED
(1) Indicator should be WHITE or PINK (not activated).
(2) Black or purple is UNSAT (activated).
k. Console oxygen/comm lines - CONNECTED/SECURED
l. Survival kit - CHECK
(1) Oxygen/comm lines - CONNECTED/SECURED
(2) Emergency oxygen gauge - IN THE BLACK
(3) Seat pan - CHECK SECURED TO SEAT (pull up on front end to test security).
m. Radio beacon lanyard - SECURED TO COCKPIT FLOOR (make sure lanyard and quick
release connector are positioned forward of the underseat rocket motor tubes).
n. Lap belts - SECURE (pull up strongly on each belt to make sure bolt fittings are engaged in
the seat).
o. Leg restraint lines - CHECK
Check that leg restraint lines are secured to seat and floor and are not twisted. Check that lines
are routed first through the thigh garter ring, then through the lower garter ring, and then
routed outboard of the thigh garter ring before the lock pins are inserted into the seat just
outboard of the snubber boxes.
Failure to route the restraint lines properly through the garters could
cause serious injury during ejection/emergency egress.
p. Ejection seat firing initiators - CHECK FIRING LINKAGE CONNECTED TO SEARS
q. Parachute risers - CHECK (ensure risers are routed down the forward face of the parachute
container and are routed behind the retaining strap; pull on risers to check ease of operation).
r. SEAWARS - CHECK FOR PROPER INSTALLATION
s.
(SJU-17B(V) 2/A, and 9/A) Backpad adjustment handle - SET TO DESIRED POSITION
For solo flight -
7. Rear cockpit - SECURE
a. Ejection seat SAFE/ARMED handle - SAFE
b. Ejection control handle pin - VERIFY REMOVED
III-7-10
ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
c. CANOPY JETT handle - OUTBOARD AND DOWN/PIN REMOVED
d. L(R) DDI and 8X10 display knobs - OFF
e. Comm 1 and 2 knobs - OFF
f. EJECT MODE handle - SOLO/COLLAR INSTALLED
g. SEAT CAUT MODE switch - SOLO/PIN INSTALLED
h. Leg restraints, lap belts, parachute risers, JHMCS QDC - SECURED/STOWED
i. Loose items - SECURED
In trainer configured aircraft -
j. Control stick - CHECK SECURE
k. UFCD adapter - VERIFY NOT INSTALLED
Forward stick throw is restricted if a rear cockpit control stick and UFCD
adapter are both installed.
l. Throttles - CHECK CONDITION
7.1.5 Interior Checks - Pilot.
Do not place any item on the glare shield, as scratching the windshield is
probable.
1. Leads, leg restraints, and harness - SECURE/ADJUST
Connect oxygen, g suit, QDC (if applicable) and communications leads. Check routing of JHMCS
UHVI does not interfere with oxygen hose. Check QDC is securely connected or stowed if not in use.
III-7-11
ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
Fasten and secure leg restraint garters and lines. Check leg garters buckled and properly adjusted
with hardware on inboard side of the legs. Connect and adjust lap belt straps. Attach parachute
Koch fittings to harness buckles. Check operation of shoulder harness locking mechanism.
• The leg restraint lines must be buckled at all times during flight to
ensure that the legs will be pulled back upon ejection. This enhances
seat stability and prevents leg injury by keeping the legs from flailing
following ejection.
• The JHMCS UHVI must be properly routed through the torso bundle
flue under the survival vest and the QDC secured in the QMB to
ensure that no entanglement exists with the oxygen hose. Misrouting
of the JHMCS UHVI may allow the QDC to rub against the oxygen
hose disconnect causing unintentional oxygen/communications dis-
connect in-flight.
2.
Ejection control handle - CLEAR
3.
Ejection control handle pin - VERIFY REMOVED
Left console -
1.
Circuit breakers - IN
2.
Manual canopy handle - STOWED
3.
MC and HYD ISOL switches - NORM
4.
OBOGS control switch - OFF
5.
OXY FLOW knob - OFF
6.
OBOGS monitor pneumatic BIT plunger - VERIFY UNLOCKED AND FULLY EXTENDED
7.
COMM 1/IFF ANT SEL switches - AUTO/BOTH
8.
COMM panel - SET
a. RLY and GXMT switches - OFF
b. ILS CHANNEL/ILS switch - SET/UFCD
c. CRYPTO, MODE 4, (IFF) MASTER switches - NORM/OFF/NORM
9.
VOL panel - SET AS DESIRED
10. FCS GAIN switch - NORM/GUARD DOWN
11. APU switch - OFF
III-7-12
ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
12. PROBE switch - RETRACT
13. EXT TANKS switches - NORM
14. DUMP switch - OFF
15. INTR WING switch - NORM
16. GEN TIE CONTROL switch - NORM/GUARD DOWN
17. EXT LT panel - SET
a. EXT LT IDENT knob - NORM
b. FORMATION knob - AS REQUIRED
c. POSITION knob - AS REQUIRED
d. STROBE switch - BRT/DIM/OFF (as required)
18. Throttles - OFF
19. External lights master switch - FORWARD
20. BRK PRESS switch - CHECK (2,600 psi min)
Instrument panel -
1. PARK BRK handle - SET
2. LDG/TAXI LIGHT switch - OFF
3. ANTI SKID switch - ON
4. SELECT JETT knob - SAFE
5. FLAP switch - FULL
6. LAUNCH BAR switch - RETRACT
7. LDG GEAR handle - DN
8. Landing gear handle mechanical stop - FULLY ENGAGED
9. CANOPY JETT handle - FORWARD
10. MASTER ARM switch - SAFE
11. EMERG JETT button - NOT PRESSED IN
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ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
12.
FIRE and APU FIRE warning lights - NOT PRESSED IN
NOTE
If a FIRE light is depressed, approximately 1/8 inch of yellow and
black stripes will be visible around the outer edges of the light.
13.
L(R) DDI, HUD, and MPCD knobs - OFF
NOTE
Power to the UFCD is controlled by the MPCD knob, so the UFCD
knob does not need to be OFF.
14.
COMM 1 and 2 knobs - OFF
15.
CVRS mode switch - OFF
16.
ALT switch - BARO or RDR
17.
ATT switch - AUTO
18.
Standby attitude reference indicator - CAGED
19.
IR COOL switch - OFF
20.
SPIN switch - NORM/GUARD DOWN
21.
HOOK handle - UP
22.
WINGFOLD switch - SAME AS WING POSITION
23.
AV COOL switch - NORM
24.
EMERG ERASE switch - NORM
Pedestal Panel -
1. ECM JETT button - NOT PUSHED IN
2. JAMMER switch - OFF
3. RWR switch - OFF
4. DISPENSER switch - OFF
5. AUX REL switch - NORM
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ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
6. RUD PED ADJ lever - ADJUST PEDAL POSITION
• Restrain the rudder pedals during adjustment. Unrestrained release of
the rudder pedals may damage the rudder pedal mechanism.
• Ensure the rudder pedals are locked in position after adjustment.
Failure to lock the rudder pedals may result in uncommanded forward
rudder pedal movement inflight.
Right console -
1. Circuit breakers - IN
2. GEN switches - NORM
3. BATT switch - OFF
4. ECS panel - SET
a. MODE switch - AUTO
Selection of MAN with the ECS mode switch is prohibited. Selecting
MAN while the aft cooling fan shutoff valve is open may cause the fan to
overspeed resulting in a catastrophic fan failure potentially leading to loss
of OBOGS.
Extended periods of ECS MAN mode operation, particularly at high
power settings, significantly reduces engine life. If the ECS is not DEGD
and temperatures are not out of limits, ensure the ECS MODE switch is
in the AUTO position.
b. CABIN TEMP knob - AS DESIRED
c. CABIN PRESS switch - NORM
d. BLEED AIR knob - OFF
e. ENG ANTI ICE switch - OFF
f. PITOT ANTI ICE switch - AUTO
5. AEA PRECOOL switch - OFF
6. DEFOG handle - MID RANGE
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ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
7. WINDSHIELD switch - OFF
8. INTR LT panel - SET
a. CONSOLES, INST PNL, and FLOOD knobs - AS DESIRED
b. CHART and WARN/CAUT knobs - AS DESIRED
c. MODE switch - DAY, NITE, or NVG (as required)
9. Sensor control panel - SET
a. FLIR, LTD/R, and LST/NFLR switches - OFF/SAFE/OFF
b. INS and RADAR knobs - OFF
10. NVG storage container - CHECK SECURE
7.1.6 Interior Checks - EWO.
1. Leads, leg restraints, and harness - SECURE/ADJUST
Connect oxygen, g suit, QDC (if applicable) and communications leads. Check routing of JHMCS
UHVI does not interfere with oxygen hose. Check QDC is securely connected or stowed if not in use.
Fasten and secure leg restraint garters and lines. Check leg garters buckled and properly adjusted
with hardware on inboard side of the legs. Connect and adjust lap belt straps. Attach parachute
Koch fittings to harness buckles. Check operation of shoulder harness locking mechanism.
• The leg restraint lines must be buckled at all times during flight to
ensure that the legs will be pulled back upon ejection. This enhances
seat stability and prevents leg injury by keeping the legs from flailing
following ejection.
• The JHMCS UHVI must be properly routed through the torso bundle
flue under the survival vest and the QDC secured in the QMB to
ensure that no entanglement exists with the oxygen hose. Misrouting
of the JHMCS UHVI may allow the QDC to rub against the oxygen
hose disconnect causing unintentional oxygen/communications dis-
connect in-flight.
2. Ejection control handle - CLEAR
3. Ejection control handle pin - VERIFY REMOVED
In trainer configured aircraft -
1. Control stick - CHECK SECURE
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ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
2. UFCD adapter - VERIFY NOT INSTALLED
Forward stick throw is restricted if a rear cockpit control stick and UFCD
adapter are both installed.
3. Throttles - CHECK CONDITION
4. RUD PED ADJ lever - ADJUST PEDAL POSITION
Left console -
1. OXY FLOW knob - OFF
2. PTT control panel - AS DESIRED
3. Left hand controller - CHECK SECURE
4. CANOPY JETT handle - OUTBOARD AND DOWN
5. VOL panel - SET AS DESIRED
Instrument panel -
1. L(R) DDI and 8X10 display knobs - OFF
NOTE
Power to the UFCD is controlled by the MPCD knob, so the UFCD
knob does not need to be OFF.
2. COMM 1 and 2 knobs - OFF
3. Standby attitude reference indicator - CAGED
4. EJECT MODE handle - NORM
Right console -
1. Right hand controller - CHECK SECURE
2. INTR LT panel - SET
a. CONSOLES, INST PNL, and FLOOD knobs - AS DESIRED
b. CHART and WARN/CAUT knobs - AS DESIRED
3. NVG storage container - CHECK SECURE
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ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
7.2 ENGINE START
A self-contained (battery/APU) start is the primary method for starting the engines. The aircraft
also has provisions for starting on external power, external air, or opposite engine bleed air (crossbleed)
for circumstances when that may be appropriate (e.g., alert launch, low battery, maintenance, engine
restart after APU shutdown, etc.). As such, the steps for anormal battery/APU start are numbered
below, while steps for alternate starting sources are lettered.
With an external power start, all electrical systems are operative. With a battery start, power is
available to operate the APU and engine fire warning systems, the caution lights panel, the intercom
system between the aircrew and the ground crew, the cockpit utility light, and the EFD backup display.
The right engine is normally started first in order to provide normal hydraulics to the brakes. During
first engine battery start, the EFD RPM indication typically jumps from 0 to 5 or 10%, and light-off
is indicated by TEMP rising from a minimum reported value of approximately 190°C. When the
corresponding generator comes online (approximately 60%N2 rpm), the engine crank switch returns to
OFF. After both generators are online, the APU will run for 1 minute and then shut down
automatically.
• To prevent engine damage during start, if an engine was not idled
(75% N2 rpm or less) for 5 minutes prior to shutdown and a restart
must be made between 15 minutes and 4 hours after shutdown, the
engine must be motored for 1 minute at 29%N2 or greater before
restart.
• To prevent vibration and damage to compressor blades, do not allow
N2 rpm to dwell between 26 to 29%during engine motoring.
7.2.1 Intercockpit Communications. The following Challenge/Response voice communications are
mandatory:
Challenge
Response
Pilot - ICS check
EWO - Loud and clear
Pilot - Fire warning
EWO - Roger (Optional)
Pilot - Starting APU left/right
EWO - Roger (Optional)
EWO - Good waypoint zero
Pilot - Roger (Optional)
Pilot/EWO - Canopy
EWO/Pilot - Clear/standby
7.2.2 Engine Start Checks. The EWO must monitor pilot procedures, EFD indications, and plane
captain signals to ensure maximum safety during engine start.
1. BATT switch - ON
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ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
2. Battery gauge - CHECK
NOTE
Nominal voltage for agood battery should be 23 to 24 vdc. Minimum
battery voltage is that which provides a successful engine start (i.e.,
APU remains online and the EFD remains powered to provide
indications of RPM and TEMP). EFD blanking and/or uncommanded
APU shutdown should be anticipated with a battery voltage at or
below approximately
18
vdc. If a weak battery results in an
unsuccessful engine start attempt, the battery should be charged or
replaced prior to takeoff, since the battery provides the last source of
electrical redundancy for the FCCs.
3. ICS - CHECK
With external electrical power -
a. EXT PWR switch - RESET
b. GND PWR switches 1, 2, 3, and 4 - B ON (hold for 3 seconds)
c. L(R) DDI, HUD, and MPCD knobs - ON (both cockpits)
d. COMM 1 and 2 knobs - ON/VOLUME AS DESIRED (both cockpits)
e. LT TEST switch - TEST (both cockpits)
f. MPCD/UFCD - ENTER DESIRED WAYPOINTS
All starts -
4. FIRE warning test - PERFORM
a. FIRE test switch - TEST A (hold until all lights and aural warnings indicate test has been
successfully passed)
b. FIRE test switch - NORM (pause until system resets - 5 to 7 seconds)
c. FIRE test switch - TEST B (hold until all lights and aural warnings indicate test has been
successfully passed)
NOTE
During a successful FIRE warning test ALL of the following lights
should illuminate in each TEST position: both FIRE lights
(all
4
bulbs), the APU FIRE light (all 4 bulbs), and both L and R BLEED
warning lights. Additionally, the following voice aural warnings should
be heard in order:Engine fire left, engine fire right, APU fire, bleed
air left, bleed air right (each repeated twice).
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ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
NOTE
• A complete FIRE warning test is performed in each TEST position
because it is difficult to recognize a single unlit bulb in a FIRE light.
Since an aural warning does not annunciate if any of the FIRE or
BALD loops are bad, lack of an aural warning is the best cue to the
aircrew of a test failure.
• Failure to pause in NORM for at least 3 seconds between TEST A and
TEST B results in a false BALD failure MSP code.
5. Forward MPCD and UFCD knobs - ON
NOTE
Forward MPCD and UFCD need to be turned on to display the
backup HUD format and L/R ATS cautions.
If APU start -
6. APU ACC caution light - VERIFY OFF
7. APU switch - ON (READY light within 30 seconds)
To prevent an APU running engagement and to prevent APU exhaust
torching, a minimum of 2 minutes must elapse between APU shutdown
and another APU start.
NOTE
If an APU fire or overheat condition is detected on the ground, the
APU fire extinguishing system will automatically shutdown the APU
and, after 10 seconds, will discharge the extinguisher bottle.
After APU start -
Regardless of the engine start air source utilized, the corresponding GEN
switch should be ON, as the generator provides primary overspeed cutout
protection for the ATS.
All starts -
8. ENG CRANK switch - R
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ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
9. Right throttle - IDLE (10% N
2 minimum. Oil pressure should be a minimum of 10 psi within 30
seconds. Maximum transient EGT during start is 871°C).
NOTE
During ground starts only, the FADEC will automatically cut back fuel
flow to prevent EGT from exceeding 815°C. If required, fuel flow will
be reduced to the point of engine flameout. While this mechanization
is provided to prevent engine damage due to an overtemp, the aircrew
should not rely on it to prevent a hot start.
10. GPWS voice alerts - CHECK (ROLL LEFT, ROLL LEFT)
NOTE
MC1 does an ACI configuration check after the generator comes on
line during a cold start power-up by commanding the above voice alert.
If the ACI does not contain the appropriate software, the
ROLL
LEFT, ROLL LEFT voice alert is not heard and GPWS is disabled
(GPWS is not displayed on the HSI aircraft data sublevel).
11. Battery gauge - VERIFY 28 vdc
NOTE
If the battery gauge fails to reach approximately
28 vdc with one
generator online, a battery charger malfunction has occurred which
requires maintenance action prior to flight.
12. L(R) DDI, HUD, and MPCD knobs - ON (both cockpits)
During a battery start of the right engine, recognition of a R ATS caution
will be delayed until the displays are turned on. Once the displays are
powered, verify that the R ATS caution is not set.
13. HMD switch (if applicable) - ON
14. EFD - CHECK
Ground idle -
RPM
61% minimum
TEMP
250° to 590°C
FF
600 to 900 pph
OIL
35 to 90 psi (warm oil)
NOZ
77% to 83%
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ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
NOTE
Following the initial start of each engine, engine anti-ice airflow will
turn on automatically 45 seconds after the engine reaches idle power
and will remain on for 30 seconds, provided the throttle remains at
IDLE. The corresponding LHEAT or RHEAT advisory will be
displayed during this engine anti-ice functional test.
If external power start -
a. External electrical power - DISCONNECT
If APU or crossbleed start -
15. BLEED AIR knob - NORM
NOTE
The bleed air shutoff valves close during the fire warning test, so the
BLEED AIR knob must be rotated from OFF to NORM with ac power
applied to reset the valves.
16. LT TEST switch - TEST (both cockpits)
For a crossbleed start ensure the APU switch is OFF. The operating engine should be advanced
to a minimum of 80% N2.
17. ENG CRANK switch - L
18. Left throttle - IDLE (10%N2 minimum)
19. ENG CRANK switch - CHECK OFF
20. EFD - CHECK
If external air start -
a. BLEED AIR knob - NORM
7.3 BEFORE TAXI CHECKS
1. WYPT 0 and MVAR - CHECK/SET
2. GPWS - CHECK BOXED
3. INS knob - CV or GND (PARK BRK SET)
4. FLIR and LST/FLR switches - AS DESIRED
5. UFCD avionics - AS DESIRED
a. RALT - ON/SET
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ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
b. TCN - ON, T/R, CH SET
c. IFF - ON/MODES UNBOXED
6. AEA avionics
a. EAU - Verify ON
b. ALQ-218 - ON
NOTE
The ALQ-218 has to be turned ON prior to the CCS for the CCS to
operate correctly.
c. SAT - ON (SAT automatically enters PBIT for approximately 5 minutes and all channels will
be Xd out.)
d. SAT page - When SAT PBIT is complete, verify all crypto channels are not Xd out
e. CCS - ON
f. INCANS - ON
7. RADAR knob - OPR
8. WINGFOLD switch - SPREAD
9. FCS RESET button - PUSH (verify RSET advisory displayed)
NOTE
Prior to takeoff
(cycle to WoffW), a successful FCS RESET
automatically clears all BLIN codes.
If no reset (RSET advisory displayed) -
a. FCS exerciser mode - INITIATE (push the FCS RESET button while holding the FCS BIT
consent switch up)
In standard or warm conditions, do not initiate the FCS exerciser mode
multiple times in an attempt to get a successful FCS RESET. In such
conditions, multiple initiations may excessively elevate hydraulic system
temperatures, increasing actuator and hydraulic pump seal wear and
potentially decreasing component life.
b. FCS RESET button - PUSH (verify RSET advisory displayed)
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ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
After successful FCS reset -
10. FLAP switch - AUTO
11. FCS IBIT - PERFORM
a. FCS BIT consent switch - HOLD UP THEN PRESS THE FCS OPTION
b. AOA warning tone - VERIFY ANNUNCIATION AT FCS IBIT COMPLETION
c. FCS A and FCS B BIT status - VERIFY GO
d. FCS display - VERIFY NO BLIN CODES
Flight with BLIN codes could result in a FCS failure and aircraft loss.
Pressing the FCS RESET button simultaneously with the paddle switch
does not correct BIT detected FCS failures; it simply clears the BLIN
codes from the FCS display. FCS IBIT must be re-run after clearing
BLIN codes to ensure that previously detected failures no longer exist. If
BLIN codes remain following IBIT, maintenance action is required to
identify and correct failures in the FCS.
NOTE
• With the wings folded, both ailerons are X’d out, but no aileron BLIN
codes should be displayed. Even with wings folded, there are aileron
functions tested that may reveal FCS failures via valid BLIN codes.
• For FCS IBIT to start, the FCS BIT consent switch must be held for
at least 2 seconds. If not held for the required time, FCS A and FCS B
will indicate RESTRT on the BIT status line. If RESTRT is dis-
played, select STOP on the FCS-MC sublevel display and then repeat
the initiation procedure.
• The FCS will not enter IBIT if the throttles are above 14° THA or
NWS is engaged.
• Do not operate any FCS related switches or move the stick or rudder
pedals while FCS IBIT is running, as this may produce false failure
indications.
• With the wings folded, a BIT status indication of GO will only be
displayed for approximately 2 seconds before reverting to a DEGD
indication. BIT status will return to GO when the wings are spread and
locked.
• If the FCS IBIT fails, FCS A and FCS B will indicate DEGD on the
BIT status line. Note surface X’s and/or BLIN codes and contact
maintenance personnel.
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ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
12. Trim - CHECK (check pitch, roll, and yaw trim for proper movement in all directions)
NOTE
It is not possible to trim the stabilators to negative values (TED) with
WonW.
13. T/O TRIM button - PRESS UNTIL TRIM ADVISORY DISPLAYED (stabilators 4° NU)
NOTE
If the TRIM advisory does not appear, longitudinal trim is not set for
takeoff. The CHECK TRIM caution will be displayed when both
throttles are advanced beyond 27° THA if the stabilators are trimmed
less than 3.5° TEU with the launch bar up (field takeoff) or 6.5° TEU
with the launch bar down (carrier takeoff).
14. Controls - CHECK (tolerance ±1°)
a. Control stick - CYCLE
(1) Full aft
- CHECK 24° NU STABILATOR (check left and right stabilators
track symmetrically within ±1° of each other)
At certain ejection seat heights, the A/A weapon select switch may hook
the EJECTION handle at the full aft stick deflection. With an armed
seat, inadvertent ejection initiation may occur if the stick returns to a
neutral position.
(2) Full fwd - CHECK 20° ND STABILATOR (check left and right stabilators
track symmetrically within ± 1° of each other)
(3) Full L/R - CHECK 30° DIFFERENTIAL STABILATOR (21° with tanks or A/G stores on
any wing station)
- CHECK DIFFERENTIAL TEFs
b. FLAP switch - HALF
c. Rudder pedals - CYCLE RUDDERS 40° L/R
d. FLAP switch - FULL (carrier-based)
e. TRIM - SET FOR CATAPULT LAUNCH (carrier-based)
15. PROBE, speedbrake, LAUNCH BAR switches and HOOK handle - CYCLE
16. Pitot and AOA heat check - PERFORM
III-7-25
ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
a. PITOT ANTI ICE switch - ON
b. Make sure ground crew verify proper operation
c. PITOT ANTI ICE switch - AUTO
Failure of both AOA probe heaters in icing conditions may cause a sharp
uncommanded nose-down attitude, uncontrollable by normal stick forces
or paddle switch actuation.
17. AV COOL emergency check (if ground personnel present)
a. AV COOL emergency switch - EMERG then release
b. Make sure ground crew verify proper operation and stows emergency scoop.
18. APU - VERIFY OFF
19. FLBIT option - SELECT
20. BINGO - CHECK/SET
21. CVRS - AS DESIRED (both cockpits)
22. Standby attitude reference indicator - UNCAGE AND ERECT (both cockpits)
23. Altimeter setting - SET (both cockpits)
NOTE
If the standby altimeter barometric pressure is adjusted during the
FCS IBIT, the altitude reading displayed in the HUD will not change
until the IBIT is complete.
24. INS - CHECK
a. Alignment status - VERIFY COMPLETE
b. GPS HERR/VERR - VERIFY WITHIN LIMITS
c. INS knob - NAV or IFA
NOTE
Prior to placing the INS switch to IFA for a GPS alignment or for
AINS position keeping, ensure valid GPS data is available. AINS
position keeping is normally available when GPS HERR and VERR
are each less than 230 feet. Double digit GPS HERR/VERR (less than
100 feet) should guarantee AINS position keeping is available.
III-7-26
ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
NOTE
Selecting IFA without good GPS data and without a complete carrier
or ground alignment will cause the INS to attempt to perform a radar
IFA and will halt/prevent alignment. If this occurs, return the INS
knob to GND or CV (as appropriate).
d. Verify HUD airspeed indicates less than 50 kts.
25.
MUMI/ID - SELECT/ENTER DATE and FLT
26.
Stores page - VERIFY PROPER STORE INVENTORY AND STATION STATUS
27.
ZTOD/LTOD - BOX TO ENABLE HUD DISPLAY (if desired)
NOTE
• The TIMEUFC option is removed from the HSI format if INS
alignment is being performed (GND, CV, or IFA GPS).
• At GPS power up (first GEN online), SDC time and date are
automatically sent to the GPS to aid the acquisition of satellites. After
satellite acquisition, the GPS backloads satellite time to the SDC thus
synchronizing the SDC with precise GPS time. This GPS time
backload is only performed once per flight after the initial MC1 power
up.
• Manually changing ZTOD, LTOD, or the DATE with WonW resets
SDC time and/or date and reinitializes the GPS (even if GPS had a
good satellite acquisition). GPS reinitialization will delay the avail-
ability of AINS position keeping. GPS time synchronization will not be
available until a subsequent MC1 power-up (cold start). ARC-210
radios will need to be re-synched to enable HAVE QUICK operations.
28.
Weapons/sensors - ON/BIT CHECK (as required)
NOTE
ALQ-218 power must be ON to allow operation of the CCS.
29.
BIT page - NOTE DEGD/FAIL INDICATIONS
30.
HMD - ALIGN (both cockpits)
NOTE
Canopy must be down and locked to align HMD/AHMD.
(CVRS record HMD if desired)
a. SUPT/HMD/ALIGN page - SELECT
b. Superimpose the HMD alignment cross on the HUD/BRU alignment cross.
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ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
c. Cage/Uncage button - PRESS AND HOLD UNTIL ALIGNING TURNS TO ALIGN OK OR
ALIGN FAIL
If ALIGN FAIL -
d. Repeat steps b and c.
If ALIGN OK and HMD alignment crosses are not coincident with HUD/BRU alignment cross -
d. Perform FINE ALIGN.
(1) With FA DXDY displayed, use TDC to align azimuth and elevation HMD alignment
crosses with the HUD/BRU alignment cross.
(2) Cage/Uncage button - PRESS AND RELEASE
(3) With FA DROLL displayed, use TDC to align the roll axis HMD alignment crosses with the
HUD/BRU alignment cross.
(4) Cage/Uncage button - PRESS AND RELEASE
If satisfied with alignment -
e. ALIGN - UNBOX
31. Standby attitude data - CHECK
a. ATT switch - STBY
b. Verify INS attitude data is replaced by standby attitude data on the
HUD and check
agreement of standby and INS data.
c. ATT switch - AUTO
32. OBOGS system - CHECK
a. OBOGS control switch - ON
b. OXY FLOW knob - ON/MASK ON (both cockpits)
c. OBOGS monitor electronic BIT pushbutton - PRESS AND RELEASE
d. Verify OBOGS DEGD caution set and removed (within 15 seconds).
e. OXY FLOW knob - OFF/MASK OFF (both cockpits)
7.4 TAXI CHECKS
1. Canopy - EITHER FULL UP OR FULL DOWN FOR TAXI
Taxiing with the canopy at an intermediate position can result in canopy
attach point damage and failure.
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ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
Figure 7-2. Checklist Display
2. Normal brakes - CHECK
3. Nosewheel steering - CHECK IN HIGH MODE L/R
NOTE
When using brakes, apply firm, steady brake pedal pressure. Use
nosewheel steering whenever possible, minimizing differential braking.
Avoid dragging brakes or light brake applications except as necessary
for drying wet brakes. Wet brakes can degrade brake effectiveness by
as much as 50%. Hard momentary braking with wet brakes during taxi
can reduce drying time. At heavy gross weight, make all turns at
minimum speed and maximum practical radius.
7.5 TAKEOFF
7.5.1 Before Takeoff Checks.
For MAX power catapult launches only -
1. ABLIM option - BOX
2. ABLIM advisory - VERIFY DISPLAYED
III-7-29
ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
For all takeoffs -
3. Checklist page (figure 7-2)
a. FUEL TYPE - VERIFY
b. T/O checklist - COMPLETE (challenge and response)
Aircrew takeoff checks -
EWO
PILOT
TAKEOFF CHECKS WHEN READY
CONTROLS... AFT, FWD, LEFT, RIGHT, LEFT
RUDDER, RIGHT RUDDER, FREE and CLEAR
(visually checked)
NOTE
In a trainer configured aircraft, the pilot should preface the control
wipeout withWatch your knees...
At the completion ofFREE and CLEAR (visually checked), the pilot
should then initiate a 3-way control change to the aft aircrew. The aft
aircrew does the same flight control check of the aft cockpit and
returns control to the pilot.
At certain ejection seat heights, the A/A weapon select switch may
hook the EJECTION handle at the full aft stick deflection. With an
armed seat, inadvertent ejection initiation may occur if the stick
returns to a neutral position.
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ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
EWO
PILOT
WINGS
Spread and Locked
Beer Cans Down
CAUTION OUT
Switch Lever-Locked
TRIM
15, 30, 30, 40, and 4 UP, BLINS checked
FLAPS
HALF, INDICATING HALF
HOOK / HARNESS
UP, LIGHT OUT, ATTACHED 8 POINTS
ATTACHED 8 POINTS
WARNING LIGHTS
OUT, CAUTIONS OUT, ADVISORIES
CHECKED, RALT ON, SET AT XXX FEET
NWS
LO
SEAT(s)
ARMED
ARMED, AFT INITIATE
FUEL
JP-5, 8 (as verified on the ENG page)
c. Takeoff brief - PILOT verbalize ABORT and EMERG T/O procedures
Navigation brief - EWO verbalize as required
Ensure the WINGFOLD switch is lever-locked in the SPREAD position.
If the wings are commanded to unlock or fold during a catapult shot, the
wings will unlock, the ailerons will fair, the wings may fold partially, and
the aircraft will settle.
EWO must make sure the EJECT MODE handle is in AFT INITIATE
(NORM).
NOTE
EJECT SEL is displayed.
Rear cockpit command eject is enabled when the EJECT MODE handle
is in the AFT INITIATE position. When a passenger unfamiliar with
the EA-18G occupies the aft cockpit, the NORM position may be
utilized.
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ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
4. Canopy - CHECK CLEAR/CLOSED
Prior to operating the canopy switch, confirm aircrew are clear to reduce
the potential for injury.
5. OXY FLOW knob - ON/MASK ON (both cockpits)
Continued operation and use of the OBOGS system with an OBOGS
DEGD caution may result in hypoxia.
It is possible to place the OXY FLOW knob in an intermediate position
between the ON and OFF detents, which may result in a reduced flow of
oxygen. The OXY FLOW knob should always be fully rotated to the ON
or OFF detent position.
NOTE
Rotating the OBOGS monitor pneumatic BIT plunger, while pushing it
up, can result in the locking of the button in the maintenance position
and intermittent OBOGS DEGD cautions. Rotation of the BIT plunger
disengages the locking slot allowing the plunger to extend and move
freely when pushed.
6.
IFF sublevel - BOX REQUIRED MODES
7.
PARK BRK handle - FULLY STOWED
8.
ENG page - CHECK ENGINES AT MIL (if desired)
N1 RPM
86 to 98%
N2 RPM
88 to 100%
EGT
720 to 932°C
FF
11,000 pph max
NOZ POS
0 to 45% open
OIL PRESS
80 to 150 psi
7.5.2
Normal Takeoff. Predictions for takeoff performance (nosewheel liftoff speed, takeoff speed,
takeoff distance, and abort speed) should be calculated in the preflight brief based on aircraft
configuration and expected ambient conditions. These predictions are based on the following
technique: both engines stabilized at 80%N2 rpm, simultaneous brake release and throttle advance to
MIL or MAX, ½-aft (2.5 inches) stick rotation at the predicted nosewheel liftoff speed. This technique
should be used when ambient conditions and performance predictions warrant minimizing takeoff roll.
Review these numbers prior to takeoff.
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ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
The takeoff checklist should be completed prior to taking the duty runway. For single-ship takeoffs,
taxi to runway centerline and allow the aircraft to roll forward slightly to center the nosewheel. Begin
the takeoff roll by releasing the brakes, advancing the throttles from IDLE to MIL, and checking EGT
and RPM. If an afterburner takeoff is desired, further advance the throttles to MAX (full forward).
Check for proper afterburner light-off as indicated by both nozzles opening. As the aircraft accelerates
during the takeoff roll, track runway centerline using small rudder pedal inputs
(e.g., NWS
commands). NWS is the most effective means of directional control during takeoff. Differential
braking is much less effective and should therefore be avoided. The NWS system (low gain)
incorporates a yaw rate feedback input from the FCCs, which is designed to suppress directional PIO
tendencies by increasing directional damping during takeoff.
At nominal takeoff CG, aft stick will be required to rotate the aircraft. Approaching the predicted
nosewheel liftoff speed, ease the stick back to approximately 1/3 to 1/2 aft stick (1-1/2 to 2-1/2 inches).
Hold this input until the velocity vector rises to approximately 3 to 5°. Capture and climb/accelerate
at the desired flight path angle.
When clear of the ground with a positive rate of climb, raise the LDG GEAR handle and place the
FLAP switch to AUTO. In a flat takeoff attitude with MAX power selected, the aircraft will accelerate
rapidly towards gear speed. If required, reduce power to MIL or below to ensure the landing gear is up
and locked (light in the LDG GEAR handle is out) before passing 250 KCAS.
• Takeoff performance is greatly affected by gross weight, center of
gravity, power setting, stabilator position, and ambient conditions.
Under adverse conditions (e.g., hot, heavy, and forward CG), takeoff
speeds may be significantly higher than those routinely seen at
nominal conditions. Knowing the aircraft’s predicted takeoff perfor-
mance should prevent a high speed abort in what is a normally
functioning aircraft.
• Under the most extreme conditions (e.g., hot, heavy, and forward CG),
nosewheel liftoff speed may exceed the nose tire limitation (195 KGS).
The takeoff technique and/or the aircraft configuration may need to
be adjusted to remain within limitations.
• Large aft stick inputs, particularly with CG near the aft limit, can
result in significant over-rotation. With pitch attitude above 10°, the
trailing edge of the stabilators can impact the ground if a large forward
stick input is used to check the over-rotation. Above
14° pitch
attitude, the engine exhaust nozzles may contact the ground. There-
fore, pitch attitude shall not exceed 10° on takeoff.
• Takeoff with significant standing water (greater than 1/4 inch) on the
runway may cause water ingestion, which in extreme cases can cause
engine stalls, flameouts, AB blowouts, and/or engine FOD.
7.5.3 Crosswind Takeoff. Crosswind takeoffs should be performed using the normal takeoff tech-
nique. However, the pilot should expect to make slightly larger and more frequent rudder pedal inputs
to track runway centerline. As the aircraft accelerates and the ailerons become effective, lateral stick
into the wind may be desired to maintain wings level throughout the remainder of the takeoff roll and
III-7-33
ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
rotation. As the aircraft becomes light on the main wheels, the aircraft will tend to yaw into the wind.
Slight main tire scrubbing can be expected. Allow the aircraft to crab into the wind at takeoff, while
continuing to maintain runway centerline during the gear transition and early climbout.
When calculating crosswind component for takeoff or landing, use the full
value of any reported gusts in your calculations.
7.5.4 After Takeoff Checks.
When definitely airborne -
1. LDG GEAR handle - UP
2. FLAP switch - AUTO
7.6 AIRBORNE CHECKS
7.6.1 Climb. For safe maneuverability of the aircraft, up to 350 KCAS may be required up to
10,000
feet. For optimum climb performance, refer to A1-E18GA-NFM-200.
7.6.2 10,000 Foot Checks.
1. Cabin altimeter - VERIFY 8,000 FEET
2. Fuel transfer - CHECK INTERNAL and EXTERNAL
3. RALT - CHECK/SET to 5,000 FEET
NOTE
Operation of the radar and the ALQ-218 simultaneously airborne may
cause degradation of the ALQ-218 performance.
7.6.3 Cruise. Maximum range and maximum endurance data can be found in the performance charts
contained in A1-E18GA-NFM-200. Maximum range cruise is approximated by establishing 3.0° AOA,
but no faster than 0.85 Mach. Maximum endurance cruise is approximated by establishing 3.7° AOA.
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A1-E18GA-NFM-000
7.6.3.1
Cruise Check.
1. Cabin altimeter - MONITOR
Aircraft Altitude
Cabin Altitude
Less than 8,000 feet
Ambient
8,000 to 24,500 feet
8,000 feet
Greater than 24,500 feet
Alt x 0.4 (rule of thumb)
A slowly increasing cabin pressure altimeter is the only warning of a
gradual loss of cabin pressurization.
7.7 LANDING CHECKS
7.7.1 Descent/Penetration. The windshield may fog rapidly under conditions of very high aircraft
descent rates and high humidity. In such conditions, consider preheating the windshield by placing the
DEFOG handle to HIGH and, if necessary, by placing the WINDSHIELD switch to either ANTI ICE
or RAIN. The maximum comfortable cockpit temperature should be maintained to aid in windshield
defog.
Normal instrument penetration is 250 KCAS with a 4,000 to 6,000 feet per minute descent rate. For
safe maneuverability of the aircraft, up to 350 KCAS may be required below 10,000 feet. Refer to
A1-E18GA-NFM-200, for optimum descent profiles. Before starting descent, perform the following:
7.7.1.1
Descent/Penetration Checks.
1. HOOK handle/HOOK BYPASS switch - AS REQUIRED/DESIRED
2. Exterior lights - SET FOR LANDING
3. Visual ID IDENT knob - NORM
4. ENG ANTI ICE switch - AS REQUIRED
5. PITOT ANTI ICE switch - AUTO
6. DEFOG handle - HIGH (if required)
7. WINDSHIELD switch - AS REQUIRED
8. Altimeter setting - CHECK
9. RALT - CHECK/SET
10. NAV master mode - SELECT (compare HUD with standby flight instruments and standby
compass).
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A1-E18GA-NFM-000
11. Navaids/MAG VAR - CROSS CHECK
12. ILS - ON/CHANNEL SET (if required)
13. IFF - AS DIRECTED
14. Weapons/sensors - OFF AS REQUIRED
15. ALQ-99 Pods - OFF
16. CCS - STBY or OFF
CCS operation during aircraft carrier fly-bys or within 2 nm of AEGIS
cruisers may result in damage to the CCS.
7.7.2 VFR Landing Pattern Entry. See figure 7-3. Typically, the VFR landing pattern can be entered
through several methods: the break, downwind entry, VFR straight-in, or low approach/touch-and-go
from a GCA. Regardless of the entry method, enter the pattern at the altitudes and airspeeds
prescribed by local course rules. A normal break is performed by executing a level turn to downwind
with the throttles reduced to IDLE and the speedbrake function enabled (if required to reduce
airspeed). The desired abeam distance is 1.3 to 1.5 nm. The g-level required to achieve the desired
abeam distance will be a fallout of break airspeed.
As airspeed decelerates below 250 KCAS, lower the LDG GEAR handle and place the FLAP switch
to FULL. If enabled, the speedbrake function will retract automatically when the FLAP switch is
moved from the AUTO position. Continue to decelerate to on-speed AOA (8.1 deg). Longitudinal trim
inputs are required with the flaps in HALF or FULL. The MI code for on-speed AOA is unit 14,
address 15743, data 3300. The pitch trim AOA value is displayed on the HUD while trimming and for
two seconds after trimming and continuously on the FCS page with WoffW and flaps in HALF or
FULL. The HUD value is displayed with or without ATC engaged but will not be displayed with
autopilot engaged. If the autopilot ispaddled off and AOA is greater than or equal to 6°, pitch trim
is automatically set to on-speed. Trim the aircraft hands-off and on-speed. Compare airspeed and
AOA. On-speed AOA is approximately the following:
• Flaps FULL 144 KCAS at 48,000 lb gross weight. Add or subtract 1½ KCAS for each 1,000
lb increase or decrease in gross weight.
• Flaps HALF 154 KCAS at 48,000 lb gross weight. Add or subtract 1½ KCAS for each 1,000
lb increase or decrease in gross weight.
Complete the landing checklist. When wings level on downwind, descend to pattern altitude (600 ft
AGL for the low pattern). Ensure the ground track pointer is on the exact reciprocal of runway heading.
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A1-E18GA-NFM-000
Figure 7-3. Typical Field Landing Pattern
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A1-E18GA-NFM-000
7.7.2.1
Landing Checks.
1. Landing checklist - COMPLETE:
WHEELS
FLAPS
HOOK
ANTI SKID
HARNESS
DISPENSER
EJECT SEL
AOA
2. Report - AFT INITIATE, 3 DOWN AND LOCKED, FLAPS FULL (HALF), AOA CROSS-
CHECKED
7.7.3 VFR Landing Pattern and Approach. At the abeam position, pick a spot on the ground as a
reference point. (At the ship, TACAN will be used to adjust abeam distance). Remember this abeam
position, as all abeam distance corrections will use it as a reference. From the abeam position, time 20
seconds to arrive at a no-wind 180° position. To compensate for winds, subtract one second for each
knot of final approach headwind component. At the 180, roll into 27 - 30° AOB, add power, and adjust
rate of descent to 300 to 400 fpm. Maintain on-speed AOA. This should place the velocity vector about
1° below the horizon with its wingtip below the horizon bar. If required, adjust rate of descent to arrive
at the 90° position at 450 ft AGL. Develop an instrument scan for the turn from the 180 to the 90,
because an instrument scan will be required at the ship.
At the 90, glance at runway centerline and the lens and adjust AOB to arrive on extended centerline.
From the 90, rate of descent must be increased by reducing power and adjusting the velocity vector to
1½ to 2° below the horizon, on-speed. This will produce a rate of descent of 400 to 500 fpm to arrive
at the 45° position at 320-370 feet AGL. From the 45, continue to increase rate of descent to
approximately 500-600 fpm with a power reduction to arrive atthe start on centerline, at 220 to 250
feet AGL, with 650 to 750 fpm rate of descent, on-speed. The optimum rate of descent will vary with
glideslope angle, approach speed, and headwind component.
The approach turn from a pattern altitude greater than 600 ft AGL is slightly different. At the 180,
adjust rate of descent between 400 - 700 fpm to arrive at the 90 at approximately 500 ft AGL. This
requires a power reduction at the 180 rather than a power addition. Power will need to be added at the
90 to break the rate of descent to 400 to 500 fpm in order to arrive at the 45 at the same flight conditions
as the low pattern.
7.7.4 Pattern Adjustments. Deviations to the standard no-wind pattern will be required based on
headwind, crosswind, approach speed, and starts by adjusting abeam distance. Adjust the ground
reference point and fly exactly the same AOB as the previous pass. Correct for long-in-the-groove or
not-enough-straight-away starts by adjusting the timing from the abeam to 180° positions. Correct for
high or low starts by adding or subtracting 20 to 50 feet from the target altitudes at and inside of the
90. The purpose of pattern adjustments is to determine a repeatable pattern technique which will
produce consistent starts.
7.7.5 Final Approach. The desired final approach is flown by maintaining a centered ball to
touchdown on runway centerline and on-speed. Timely, well-controlled power corrections will be
required to capture and/or maintain the desired glideslope. A complete discussion of glideslope
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A1-E18GA-NFM-000
geometry and glideslope corrections will be covered during the FRS training syllabus and/or by
squadron LSOs.
7.7.6 ATC Approaches. If an ATC approach is desired, engage ATC when wings level on downwind
at or near on-speed AOA. With ATC engaged, the aircraft must still be manually trimmed to on-speed
AOA. Unlike a manual throttles approach, nose position (i.e., velocity vector placement) now controls
power. Fly the same pattern as a manual approach. Coming off the 180, roll into 27 to 30° AOB and
lower the velocity vector approximately 1 to 2° below the horizon. ATC will add power as the aircraft
rolls into the turn. Reposition the velocity vector to maintain 300 to 400 fpm rate of descent. Passing
through the 90, lower the velocity vector slightly to pick up a 400 to 500 fpm rate of descent. Rolling
wings level in the groove, lower the velocity vector further to about 3°. Power corrections required to
adjust glideslope are made by repositioning the velocity vector with forward or aft stick inputs. For best
results, make small corrections in velocity vector placement and be smooth. Avoid large, rapid, cyclic
stick motion orstick pumping as these inputs can produce a PIO with the autothrottles.
Although ATC is capable of handling almost all glideslope corrections, the stick inputs required to
successfully correct large deviations can be difficult to make. In general, if the ball is more than 1 ball
from the center, consider disengaging ATC and executing a manual pass.
7.7.7 FPAH/ROLL - ATC Approaches. The FPAH/ROLL autopilot mode, when utilized with ATC,
provides an alternative method for landing the aircraft. The FPAH/ROLL mode is designed to reduce
pilot workload by maintaining flight path angle (FPA) and roll attitude. When the velocity vector is
positioned as desired and the stick is neutralized, the autopilot maintains the current FPA and roll
attitude, making corrections for wind gusts or disturbances as required. Repositioning the velocity
vector with longitudinal or lateral stick inputs changes the reference FPA and/or roll attitude that the
autopilot holds when the stick is released. In FPAH/ROLL, aircraft response to longitudinal stick
inputs is slightly sluggish compared to CAS while response to lateral stick inputs is essentially the
same.
Once the velocity vector is placed in the desired position, the stick is neutralized, and the pilot
essentially monitors autopilot progress. Corrections should be small and applied only when required.
Learning to make appropriate corrections and to stay out-of-the-loop when corrections are not
required takes practice to achieve good results. With practice, smooth, consistent landings can be
achieved even in gusty wind conditions.
NOTE
Use of FPAH/ROLL without ATC may result in more difficult AOA
control and is not recommended.
7.7.7.1
FPAH/ROLL - ATC Approach Technique (field only). If an FPAH/ROLL - ATC approach is
desired, engage ATC when wings level on downwind and trim for on-speed AOA. Select FPAH/ROLL
from the A/P sublevel on the UFCD, and ensure both modes are boxed.
Fly the standard landing pattern utilizing the numbers and velocity vector positioning described in
the ATC Approaches paragraph. A push and roll is required to establish the approach turn. Once the
velocity vector is positioned, neutralize the stick and monitor autopilot progress. No back stick should
be required in the turn. Passing through the 90 and approaching the start, push forward stick to lower
the velocity vector and establish the desired rate of descent and then neutralize the stick. If on
glideslope, roll wings level in the groove using only lateral stick inputs. Longitudinal stick inputs should
not be required, as the autopilot compensates automatically to maintain FPA. Similarly, if on
glideslope, make lineup corrections solely with lateral stick.
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ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
If the ball is not centered, adjust the velocity vector (i.e., reference FPA) up or down accordingly and
allow the autopilot to fly the aircraft back to glideslope. Approaching a centered ball, adjust the
velocity vector to the desired flightpath and neutralize the stick. The autopilot should then maintain
FPA (ideally a centered ball) and compensate automatically for gusts. Make corrections with small,
discrete longitudinal stick inputs and evaluate the correction before applying another. If the ball is
centered and stable, the system works best if longitudinal inputs are minimized. There may be
noticeable pitch motion, similar to what is seen on a Mode-1 ACLS approach, as the airplane responds
to gusts, but FPA should be stable.
FPAH/ROLL is less capable at handling large deviations than CAS - ATC. In general, if the ball is
more than 1 ball from the center, consider disengaging FPAH/ROLL with the paddle switch and
executing an ATC or manual pass.
7.7.8 Full Stop Landings. Maintain approach rate of descent and power setting by flying a centered
ball to touchdown or by placing the velocity vector at least 500 feet past the runway threshold. After
touchdown, place the throttles to IDLE and track runway centerline using small rudder pedal inputs.
The engines will not select ground idle until the aircraft has decelerated below 80 KCAS. While the
rudders are effective above 100 KCAS, NWS is the most effective means of directionally controlling the
aircraft during landing rollout. Low gain NWS is activated automatically at touchdown with weight on
the nose landing gear and at least one main landing gear. Differential braking to maintain directional
control is not as effective and should normally be avoided.
Use of NWS HI during landing rollout is not recommended, as it may
lead to directional PIO due to the increased sensitivity of the NWS
system to rudder pedal inputs.
Engaging NWS HI while maintaining a rudder pedal input will greatly
increase nosewheel deflection and may cause loss of directional control.
7.7.9 Braking Technique. Under normal circumstances, the best results are attained by applying
moderate to heavy braking with one smooth application of increasing braking pressure as airspeed
decelerates towards taxi speed. Anti-skid is effective down to approximately 40 KGS. Below 40 KGS,
heavy brake pedal pressure should be relaxed to prevent tire skid. Below 35 KGS, steady but firm
brake pedal pressure should be applied. Steady, light brake applications should be avoided, as they
increase brake heating, do not significantly contribute to deceleration, and ultimately reduce braking
effectiveness. If desired, selecting aft stick (up to full) below 100 KCAS will increase TEU stabilator
deflection and aid in deceleration. Aerobraking is not recommended.
Recommended braking speeds are based on tests conducted at sea level.
Ground speed may be significantly higher than calibrated airspeed at
airfields above sea level. Aircrew should consider available runway length
and field elevation to evaluate wheel brake usage and landing rollout
distance to avoid excessive brake heat build up and subsequent tire
deflation or wheel assembly fire when landing at airfields above sea level.
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ORIGINAL
A1-E18GA-NFM-000
Maximum braking performance is attained by applying full brake pedal pressure (approximately 125
lb) immediately after touchdown. Anti-skid must be on to attain maximum braking performance and
to reduce the risk of a blown tire. Longitudinal pulsing may be felt as the anti-skid cycles. Approaching
40 KCAS, full brake pedal pressure should be relaxed to prevent tire skid.
7.7.9.1
Aerobraking Technique. Aerobraking is not required under most circumstances. However,
aerobraking is an effective method to slow heavy gross weight aircraft with a reduced risk of hot brakes
and fire, or
to slow aircraft on wet runways. Aerobraking is authorized under the following conditions:
(a) Crosswind 5 knots or less
(b) Pitch attitude 10 degrees or less
(c) Greater than 80 KCAS
(d) GAIN−ORIDE not selected
(e) No FCS AIR DAT or FLAP SCHED cautions
(f) Flap position not changed during aerobraking
After main landing gear touchdown, smoothly apply aft stick to capture a positive pitch attitude
with the waterline, not to exceed 10 degrees. Directional control can be maintained with rudder pedal
inputs and wings can be leveled with lateral stick. At approximately 100 KCAS, center rudder pedals
and smoothly relax aft stick to allow the nose of the aircraft to fall. Avoid abrupt forward stick inputs
to derotate. Once the nosewheel is on the ground, proceed with normal braking technique. Stopping
distance using aerobraking should be approximately that experienced during normal braking.
Large, abrupt aft stick inputs, particularly with CG near the aft limit, can
result in significant over−rotation. With pitch attitude over 10’, the
trailing edge of the stabilators can impact the ground if a full forward
stick input is used to check the over−rotation. Above 14’ pitch attitude,
the raised hook point or engine exhaust nozzles may contact the ground.
Therefore, pitch attitude shall not exceed 10’ during aerobraking and
abrupt forward stick inputs to derotate should be avoided.
NOTE
Landing distance data in the Chapter XI and PCL are calculated on
maximum braking performance technique listed in paragraph 7.7.9.
The effect of aerobraking is not accounted for in the braking distance
performance charts.
7.7.10 Heavy Gross Weight Landings. The aircraft’s 50,600 lb GW field landing limitation provides
the capability to land with a significant amount of fuel and/or stores (approximately 16,000 lb of
bringback). Landing at heavy gross weight, however, requires that the pilot pay particular attention to
braking technique and overall brake usage to avoid excessive brake and wheel assembly heating, melted
fuse plugs, and deflated tires. The wheel assembly fuse plugs are designed to melt and deflate the tires
at temperatures below those which would result in catastrophic tire blowouts. Wheel assembly
temperatures do not, however, reach their peak until approximately 20 minutes after landing, e.g., it
takes 20 minutes for the heat (energy) imparted to the brake assembly at landing to transfer into the
wheel assembly. Due to this slow transfer of heat, it is not uncommon for an aircraft to pass a post flight
hot brakes check yet still melt a fuse plug in the line.
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A1-E18GA-NFM-000
In general, the aircraft’s braking system is designed for landing under the following circumstances
without melting a fuse plug: land at 50,600 lb GW, maximum anti-skid braking at 115 KCAS, three taxi
stops from 30 KGS, park for 15 minutes, three more taxi stops from 30 KGS. If overall brake usage
exceeds these criteria, melted fuse plugs and deflated tires may result. Below approximately 46,000 lb
GW, brake usage following a maximum anti-skid landing (at or below 90%of approach speed) should
be unlimited. Therefore, any landing above 46,000 lb GW should be considered a heavy gross weight
landing.
7.7.10.1 Heavy Gross Weight Braking Technique. Above 46,000 lb GW, delay the initial brake
application to 115 KCAS or lower, if possible. Utilize aerobraking if desired and runway length
is not a factor, otherwise normal braking technique or maximum anti-skid braking is acceptable.
Release the brakes when desired taxi speed is reached. When clear of the runway, make a conscious
effort to limit taxi speed and minimize brake applications, particularly if maximum anti-skid braking
was utilized. If overall brake usage is extensive, consider chocking the wheels and leaving the parking
brake off to aid in brake cooling and to limit the amount of heat transferred to the wheel assembly.
Recommended braking speeds are based on tests conducted at sea level.
Ground speed may be significantly higher than calibrated airspeed at
airfields above sea level. Aircrew should consider field elevation when
determining the calibrated airspeed at which brakes will be applied to
avoid excessive brake heat build up and subsequent tire delflation or
wheel assembly fire.
7.7.11 Crosswind Landings. During flight test, three crosswind landing techniques were evaluated:
full-crab-to-touchdown, half-crab-kickout, and wing-down-top-rudder. In general, the half-crab-
kickout technique works best and is recommended for all crosswinds up to 30 knots; the full-crab-to-
touchdown technique is acceptable for moderate crosswinds only; and the wing-down-top-rudder
technique is not recommended.
When calculating crosswind component for takeoff or landing, use the full
value of any reported gusts in your calculations.
7.7.11.1 Half-Crab Kickout Technique. In crosswinds up to 30 knots, best crosswind landing results
are attained by performing a half-crab-kickout technique. This technique reduces lateral and
directional oscillations after touchdown and minimizes landing gear side loads.
Fly a full crab approach (wings level, neutral pedals) to approximately 50 feet AGL. Immediately
prior to touchdown, apply one smooth rudder pedal input tokick out half of the crab angle. Maintain
wings level. Allow the initial directional oscillations to subside, then utilize the normal braking
technique. Stabilator braking with up to full aft stick does not degrade directional control and may be
used to aid deceleration. Lateral stick into the wind will be required and is recommended to maintain
wings level during landing rollout.
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