ATP 3-18.11 Special Forces Military Free-Fall Operations (October 2014)

Chapter 4

WARNING

Not all figures, pictures, or diagrams within this publication

contain the POM securing lanyard. Parachutists should use the

POM securing lanyard to keep the oxygen mask from becoming

detached during free fall and floating behind the parachutist’s

head.

Figure 4-5a. Parachutist oxygen mask securing lanyard

Oxygen Supply Hose Assembly

4-31. The oxygen supply hose assembly consists of a four-pin male coupling assembly with an attached

end cap, a 98- or 240-inch hose assembly, a flow indicator, and a low-pressure hose assembly. The oxygen

supply hose assembly is used primarily by military parachutists for HALO and HAHO missions. The hose

interfaces with the six-person portable oxygen console to provide a supplemental 100-percent oxygen

source prior to jumping from the aircraft. The oxygen supply hose assembly also incorporates a breathing

regulator, which reduces the flow from the oxygen console to regulate the mask’s breathing pressure.

4-32. The POM uses a Hydraflow HS-57 crush-proof oxygen breathing hose to ensure unrestricted oxygen

flow to the parachutist and is easily attached and detached with the quick-disconnect fitting (Figure 4-6,

page 4-13). The POM can fully integrate with the existing Parachutist High-Altitude Oxygen System

equipment with no modification required. When the POM is used with the American Safety Flight System

bail-out storage and delivery system, only minor modifications to the auxiliary equipment is required: the

outlet pressure of the prebreathing console must be adjusted, and an adapter must be incorporated into the

outlet of the existing bail-out system to permit the connection of the oxygen hose to the console.

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Figure 4-6. Parachutist Oxygen Mask and HS-57 quick disconnect

Fitting the MBU-12/P Pressure-Demand Oxygen Mask

4-33. Trained personnel must supervise mask fitting (Figure 4-7, page 4-14). When the mask fits properly,

it should create a leak-tight seal around the sealing flange throughout the range of pressure-breathing forces

administered by regulators. The mask has a four-point suspension harness with offset bayonet connectors

that the parachutist attaches to the receivers mounted on his helmet to fit the mask. For safety, and to make

sure of proper fit, the MFF parachutist should be issued the same mask and helmet for each operation. To

fit the oxygen mask, the parachutist—

Loosens the adjustment screws on the receivers on the helmet (depending on the type of helmet

and bayonet receivers).

Places the mask over his face and inserts each bayonet lug into its bayonet receiver to the second

locking position (Figure 4-7A).

Adjusts the mask straps until the mask is comfortable and snug, but not so snug that the mask

hinders his vision (Figure 4-7B). He also secures any excess straps.

To test for a proper seal, pulls the two pins of the antisuffocation valve toward the chrome ring,

closing the antisuffocation valve, and inhales (Figure 4-7C). If the mask leaks around the face

portion, he readjusts the four straps and once again checks for a proper seal. If any other portion

of the mask leaks, the mask must be replaced. If a seal cannot be made at the face portion, he

exchanges the mask for the next size and repeats the fitting process.

Tightens the receiver adjustment screws and secures the excess straps if a proper seal is achieved

(depending on the type of helmet and bayonet receivers).

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Chapter 4

Figure 4-7. Fitting the MBU-12/P oxygen mask

Fitting the New Parachutist Oxygen Mask With Improved Oxygen Harness

4-34. Trained personnel must supervise mask fitting. When the mask fits properly, it should create a

leak-tight seal around the sealing flange throughout the range of pressure-breathing forces administered by

regulators. The mask has a four-point suspension harness strap and buckle assembly that attaches to the

improved oxygen harness (skull cap) connectors that the parachutist wears on his head to fit the mask. For

safety and to ensure proper fit, the MFF parachutist should be issued the same mask and skull cap for each

operation. To fit the oxygen mask, the parachutist should perform the following procedures:

Step 1. Center the improved oxygen harness in a comfortable position on the head.

Step 2. Place mask over face with left hand and have jumpmaster secure all four Fastex buckles

to the improved oxygen harness.

Step 3. While jumper is holding mask with left hand, lightly tighten right top strap; switch hands

and lightly tighten left top strap to hold mask into place. Grasp both top straps and tighten two

top straps equally so mask stays centered on face and is tight enough to create a good seal. The

POM is equipped with an integral antisuffocation valve to protect the parachutist in the event of

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oxygen supply depletion or for when fitting mask without oxygen being attached. If parachutist

cannot exhale, mask must be considered unserviceable.

Step 4. Tighten two bottom straps equally, keeping mask centered.

Step 5. Move head back and forth two or three times. Alternately, tighten straps until a good seal

is achieved.

Step 6. Once this procedure is completed, have the mask inspected by an oxygen technician.

Figure 4-8 shows a completely and properly fitted mask.

Step 7. After oxygen technician checks mask, secure any excess straps by rolling them inboard

and securing rolls with masking tape.

Step 8. Breathe through mask to determine if proper fit has been achieved. Parachutist should be

able to breathe through ambient air port on mask; however, no air should enter around nose,

cheeks, or chin. If mask is leaking air, readjust it for a proper fit. If a proper fit cannot be

established, try a different size mask.

Figure 4-8. Properly fitted mask

Fitting the New Parachutist Oxygen Mask with Bayonet Connectors

4-35. To fit the new POM with bayonet connectors, the parachutist should perform the following procedures:

Step 1. Place mask over face and insert bayonet connectors into the second locking position in

bayonet receiver. Two clicks will be heard on each side indicating the second locking position.

Setting mask in this position will allow adjustments to be made.

Step 2. Ensure helmet is in a comfortable position on head. Tighten two top straps equally so

mask stays centered on face and is tight enough to create a good seal. The POM is equipped with

an integral antisuffocation valve to protect the parachutist in the event of oxygen supply

depletion or for when fitting mask without oxygen being attached. If parachutist cannot exhale,

mask must be considered unserviceable.

Step 3. Tighten two bottom straps equally, keeping mask centered.

Step 4. Move head back and forth two or three times. Alternately, tighten straps until a good seal

is achieved.

Step 5. Once this procedure is completed, have the mask inspected by an oxygen technician.

Step 6. After oxygen technician checks mask, secure any excess straps by rolling them inboard

and securing rolls with masking tape (Figure 4-9, page 4-16).

Step 7. Breathe through mask to determine if proper fit has been achieved. Parachutist should be

able to breathe through ambient air port on mask; however, no air should enter around nose,

cheeks, or chin. If mask is leaking air, readjust it for a proper fit. If a proper fit cannot be

established, try a different size mask.

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Figure 4-9. Parachutist Oxygen Mask with bayonet connectors and taped straps

Fitting the New Parachutist Oxygen Mask With Advanced Combat Helmet Accessory Rail

Connector With Oxygen Single-Strap and Double-Strap Kits

4-36. To fit the new POM with double-strap kits to the ACH-ARC, the parachutist should perform the

following procedures:

Step 1. Place mask over face and insert slide-and-lock Picatinny adapter swivel clips into

accessory rail connector. Take slack out of all straps by pulling down on them with equal

pressure. Setting mask in this position will allow adjustments to be made.

Step 2. Ensure helmet is in a comfortable position on head. Tighten two top straps equally so

mask stays centered on face and is tight enough to create a good seal. The POM is equipped with

an integral antisuffocation valve to protect the parachutist in the event of oxygen supply

depletion or for when fitting mask without oxygen being attached. If parachutist cannot exhale,

mask must be considered unserviceable.

Step 3. Tighten two bottom straps equally, keeping mask centered.

Step 4. Move head back and forth two or three times. Alternately, tighten straps by sliding strap

retainers until a good seal is achieved.

Step 5. Once this procedure is completed, have the mask inspected by a jumpmaster and/or

oxygen technician.

Step 6. Breathe through mask to determine if proper fit has been achieved. Parachutist should be

able to breathe through ambient air port on mask; however, no air should enter around nose,

cheeks, or chin. If mask is leaking air, readjust it for a proper fit. If a proper fit cannot be

established, try a different size mask.

Note: To fit the new POM with single-strap kit to the ACH-ARC, the parachutist should perform

Steps 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 above.

Cleaning the Oxygen Mask

4-37. The parachutist cleans his oxygen mask after each use in accordance with TM 55-1660-247-12. He

carefully wipes all surfaces with gauze pads or a similar lint-free material dampened with 70-percent

isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol). If isopropyl alcohol is not available, a solution of warm water and a mild

liquid dishwashing detergent, such as Ivory, Joy, or Lux, is used. To rinse, the parachutist wipes the mask

with swabs soaked in clean water, taking care not to wet the electronic parts. He allows the mask to air dry

and stores it in a dust-free environment, away from heat and sunlight. If the mask needs more extensive

cleaning, the parachutist turns it in to the supporting life-support facility.

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100-CUBIC-INCH AND 106-CUBIC-INCH PORTABLE BAILOUT OXYGEN SYSTEM

WITH PARACHUTIST OXYGEN SYSTEM ASSEMBLY

4-38. When used with the MBU-12/P oxygen mask, the portable bailout oxygen system is connected to the

AIROX VIII, which is a constant-flow oxygen metering system consisting of a pressure reducer and an

oxygen and air controller with an integrated prebreather adapter. These components increase oxygen duration

and permit comfortable exhalation with standard military pressure-demand masks and associated connectors

(Figure 4-4, page 4-10). This system requires minimum maintenance and—

Has been approved for use from 0 to 35,000 feet MSL.

Has an 8.2 to 9.3 liters-per-minute nominal oxygen flow to the parachutist.

Has an oxygen reducer.

Interfaces with the MBU-12/P oxygen mask.

Has an oxygen and air controller that mates with the CRU-60/P or MC-3A.

Has a charging valve.

Has a 20-micron oxygen and/or 60 mesh air inlet filter.

Contains two 2.6-inch siphon tubes that protect the oxygen reducer from foreign matter in the

cylinders.

Has a toggle-type ON/OFF control.

Has an oxygen relief valve.

Reduces exhalation difficulty associated with constant-flow oxygen systems.

Uses two 50-cubic-inch or 53-cubic-inch high-pressure cylinders.

Weighs approximately 10.5 pounds.

4-39. When used with the POM (Figure 4-10, page 4-18), the Twin-53 (106-cubic-inch) portable oxygen

system consists of two 53-cubic-inch oxygen cylinders rated at 1,800 psi and is connected to a pressure

reducer for oxygen delivery at a nominal pressure of 50 psi. With a nominal inlet pressure of 50 psi, the

oxygen regulating system is capable of delivering 8.2 to 9.3 liters per minute of oxygen to the parachutist.

The Twin-53 system is interconnected via an oxygen hose (Figure 4-10) with its oxygen output controlled

by a mask-mounted regulator. A complete breathing system is formed when the Twin-53 system is

connected to an oxygen mask. When used with a 100-percent oxygen regulator, this system has a maximum

operating altitude equal to that of the aircraft service ceiling. The Twin-50 bottle system has

two 50-cubic-inch oxygen cylinders rated at 2,100 psi, with the same outlet pressure as the Twin-53

system. As the connection point at the manifold of the Twin-50 oxygen system is identical to that of the

Twin-53, the POM is compatible with the Twin-50 bottle system.

4-40. The AIROX VIII assembly (Figure 4-11, page 4-18) provides the MFF parachutist with a standoff

parachuting capability up to 35,000 feet MSL. It extends the duration of two 53-cubic-inch oxygen

cylinders and permits the use of any pressure-demand mask and associated oxygen connectors. The

AIROX VIII assembly also eliminates the back pressure associated with constant-flow oxygen systems and

requires almost no maintenance. TM 1-1680-377-13&P-5 provides further information.

4-41. The parachutist cannot overbreathe the system. When inhaling more volume than the unit delivers, an

ambient air valve opens up negating the breathing starvation sensation felt with other constant-flow

systems as cylinder pressure decreases.

4-42. The AIROX VIII assembly has a special prebreather adapter that allows simultaneous hookup of the

prebreather unit and the bailout system to the AIROX unit. The parachutist makes only one disconnection

upon standing up. The connection from the prebreather connects to the ambient air port on the AIROX unit,

thus preventing any ambient air from entering the parachutist’s system while prebreathing. When preparing

to exit the aircraft, the parachutist stands up, turns on the bailout system, disconnects from the prebreather,

and jumps.

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Rigging the Portable Bailout Oxygen System with the AIROX VIII Assembly to the Ram-Air

Personnel Parachute System

4-43. To rig the portable bailout oxygen system with the AIROX VIII assembly to the RAPPS

(Figure 4-12, page 4-20), the parachutist—

Places the oxygen cylinders into the detachable pouch with the ON/OFF valve to his front. He

secures it with the hook-pile straps. He threads the waistband through the center keepers on the

detachable pouch (Figure 4-12A).

Fastens the waistband (Figure 4-12B).

Tightens the right wing flap over the oxygen bottles (Figure 4-12C).

Routes the oxygen hose between his body and the right main lift web and under the waistband

on his right side (Figure 4-12D and E).

Routes the oxygen hose over the waistband and secures the dovetail fitting in the oxygen fitting

block (Figure 4-12F).

Tightens the waistband.

Ensures the center keepers point toward the body.

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4-44. Figure 4-13 shows the completed rigging of the portable bailout oxygen system with the AIROX

VIII assembly to the RAPPS.

Figure 4-13. Completed rigging of the portable bailout oxygen system with the AIROX VIII

assembly to the RAPPS

Rigging the Parachutist Oxygen Mask and/or American Safety Flight System to the Parachutist

4-45. To rig the complete POM assembly with the portable bailout oxygen system to the RAPPS

(Figure 4-14, page 4-22), the parachutist—

Places the oxygen cylinders into the detachable pouch with the ON/OFF valve to his front. He

secures it with the hook-pile straps (Figure 4-14A) rerouted away from the ON/OFF switch. He

threads the waistband through the center keepers on the detachable pouch (Figure 4-14A).

Secures right wing flap over the oxygen bottles (Figure 4-14B).

Fastens the waistband and routes the oxygen supply under the right riser protective flap

(Figure 4-14C).

Routes the rigid oxygen supply hose assembly and quick disconnect between his back

(Figure 4-14D) and the parachute container.

Pulls the oxygen supply rigid hose assembly and quick disconnect up behind the neck and over

the left shoulder (Figure 4-14E).

Attaches the quick disconnect of the HS-57 hose to the POM (Figure 4-14F).

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lightweight, and nearly maintenance-free oxygen system (Figure 4-15). TM 1-1680-377-13&P-5 provides

further information. The six oxygen-supply hose assemblies interconnect the oxygen console with the

breathers’ oxygen masks. Each of the hoses incorporates a low-pressure regulator that reduces the flow

from the oxygen console to breathing pressure. Oxygen is stored under 1,800 psi or 2,100 psi in two

646-cubic-inch tandem-connected storage cylinders which are charged through the filler valve assembly

connected to the oxygen charging assembly (Part Number T80-30007-9), which is in turn attached to a high-

pressure oxygen source. Oxygen duration is based on altitude and individual consumption requirements.

Figure 4-15. Six-Man Prebreather Portable Oxygen System

4-47. The six-man prebreather portable oxygen system is secured to the existing floor fittings on the

C-17 aircraft. On the C-130 aircraft, the 5,000-pound tie-downs are used to secure the console. On the

V-22 Osprey, the consoles are restrained on the floor on the starboard side using ratchet straps in

accordance with Navy requirements for a 20G load. The outer housing consists of 4130 aircraft sheet steel,

and recesses or steel guards protect the system’s critical components. The oxygen console dimensions are:

length—27 5/16 inches, width—13 6/16 inches, and height—11 inches. The weight is 91 pounds (empty)

and 103 pounds (charged). The hoses are two each of three lengths: 72 inches, 90 inches, and 98 inches.

Color-coding identifies certain parts, such as hoses and their mating parts, to prevent their misconnection.

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4-48. The six-man console system has 100-percent oxygen capability for six individuals for approximately

one hour at 10,000 to 35,000 feet MSL. The console is primarily intended for use by MFF parachutists

during HAHO and HALO operations.

Note: With the CRU-79/P, the system has an operational ceiling of 50,000 feet MSL.

4-49. Other system features include the following:

Weighs 106 pounds when filled.

Measures 27.3 inches wide, 13.37 inches deep, and 10.99 inches high.

Can provide oxygen for one to six parachutists.

Has modular components.

Is constructed to survive an 8G (gravitational force) forward crash load.

Has a recessed refilling point.

Has an easily gripped and guarded ON/OFF knob.

Has color-coded and -indexed oxygen connectors to help ensure proper hose connections, and

includes optional hose lengths to fit parachutist seating requirements.

Has a steel guard around oxygen hose connectors.

Interfaces with any pressure-demand mask and associated connectors.

Can be refilled while being used.

OXYGEN CONSOLE

4-50. The oxygen console is a portable, self-contained, deck-mounted oxygen supply system designed to

deliver 100-percent aviator’s breathing oxygen to as many as six parachutists from ground level up to

35,000 feet MSL for approximately 1.5 hours. The console supplies 100-percent oxygen to the parachutist’s

mask by means of a quick-disconnect low-pressure delivery hose (65 to 75 psi) connected to the bailout

bottle worn on the right side of the parachute.

4-51. Up to six delivery hoses can be attached to the console—three on the front of the unit and three on

the back. Some hoses are equipped with a flow indicator for a visual confirmation that oxygen is flowing to

the parachutist. To ensure the parachutist’s oxygen supply is not interrupted when it is time to disconnect

from the oxygen console, the connection of the hose cannot be made without the bailout bottle’s ON/OFF

lever in the ON position. The 70 psi coming from the console’s delivery hose overrides the bailout bottle’s

operation, ensuring that the parachutist gets 100-percent oxygen to the mask and does not consume any of

the oxygen from the bailout bottle. The console is supplied with six delivery hoses and a jumpmaster hose

extension. Because of its configuration, three hoses on the left side and three on the right, the console must

be centerline mounted in the aircraft.

Note: Figure 4-16, page 4-25, displays one example of rigging the oxygen console and K-bottle

inside the aircraft. The load master has final approval authority for securing equipment inside the

aircraft.

Note: Some aircrews may require no metal-to-metal contact between the oxygen console and the

deck of the aircraft.

Note: Oxygen equipment will be rigged and placed in position (jumper configuration) where it

will be used during the airborne operation.

4-52. To extend the duration of the oxygen console, a K-bottle of aviator’s breathing oxygen may be

attached and cascaded into the console when it is rigged on the aircraft. CGU-1B 5,000-pound cargo straps

are used to secure the console and the K-bottles to the deck of the aircraft. To ensure that no metal-to-metal

contact occurs, a piece of plywood can be placed under the console, but cradles must be used to hold the

K-bottles in place.

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Figure 4-16. Oxygen console rigged in C-130 aircraft

4-53. To rig the oxygen console on the deck of approved aircraft, the following procedures must be

performed during pre-stage:

Determine how many consoles are going to be used during the mission.

Position the consoles with the arrow pointing in the direction of flight. Ensure all gear is

positioned properly before securing.

Look for the location of tie-down rings and the accessibility of hoses to the jumpers.

Note: Some squadrons may require no metal-to-metal contact between the oxygen console and

the deck of the aircraft.

If supplemental K-bottles are used, ensure wooden 4- by 4-inch cradles are available for each

bottle. Place cradles in the proper direction and within reach of the charging assemblies.

Note: Use Stubai 85 carabiners or equivalent with at least 5,000-pound breaking strength to tie

down because the ends of the tie-down straps do not fit through the tie-downs on the oxygen

console.

Note: The locking barrels on the carabiners need to face out and close downward. They should

be taped so that vibration of the aircraft does not unlock the carabiner barrels.

Fasten both sides of the cradle to the deck using CGU1-B 5,000-pound cargo tie-downs with the

direction of pull toward each other and tape the excess straps.

WARNING

Oxygen console hoses are under high pressure. Accidentally

unhooking the hose from the oxygen console unit may result in

injury to a parachutist.

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Tightly stretch a length of 1/2-inch tubular nylon between the centerline stanchions in the

aircraft to hold the hoses up and out of the way.

If supplemental K-bottles are used, keep the charging assembly between the K-bottle and oxygen

console securely looped and taped so it cannot get snagged (Figure 4-17).

Wrap the cargo strap around the K-bottle once before tightening (Figure 4-18).

Figure 4-17. Charging assembly looped and taped out of the way of parachutists

Figure 4-18. Side and top view of strap on K-bottle

MA-1 PORTABLE OXYGEN ASSEMBLY

4-54. The MA-1 portable oxygen assembly is a low-pressure system capable of supplying the parachutist

with breathing oxygen for normal or emergency use (Figure 4-19, page 4-27). It is commonly called the

walk-around bottle. The MA-1 is filled from the aircraft’s oxygen supply. Pressure is indicated on the

cylinder pressure gauge. The cylinder is considered full at 300 psi and empty at 100 psi. The MA-1 is

operated by placing the selector knob at one of the four settings (NORM [normal], 30M, 42M, and

EMER [emergency]) and breathing directly through the connector regulator unit’s receiver port or an

attached oxygen mask.

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Note: The hose connectors for the POM are not compatible with the portable MA-1 portable

oxygen bottles on USAF aircraft.

Figure 4-19. MA-1 Portable Oxygen Assembly

PREBREATHER ATTACHMENT

4-55. The prebreather oxygen assembly is normally located under the troop seats, and the oxygen supply

hoses are routed up and behind the seats. The prebreather may also be positioned centerline in the aircraft

using 10,000-pound tie-down fittings (C-17), 5,000-pound tie-down fittings (C-130), or securing straps.

4-56. When using 10,000-pound tie-down fittings, the parachutist places the two large holes in the base

plate of the prebreather over existing 10,000-pound tie-down fitting holes in the floor of the aircraft.

Through the openings in the side of the prebreather, he places two 10,000-pound fittings (one through each

end) into the mating receptacle now visible through the prebreather’s base plate. He then locks the fittings

in place. These fittings will provide all the security necessary to hold the prebreather in place.

4-57. When using the oxygen console tie-down assembly, the parachutist places the two large holes in the

prebreather’s base plate over the attached 5,000-pound ringed tie-down fittings. Next, he places the

securing adapters over the exposed rings and pushes the pins through the holes in the adapters until they

lock. These fittings will provide all the security necessary to hold the prebreather in place

(Figure 4-20, page 4-28).

4-58. Cargo straps are not necessary for added security when using the 10,000-pound tie-down fittings or

oxygen console tie-down assembly. If cargo straps are used in place of the tie-down fittings, the parachutist

places the straps through the securing access holes at each end of the prebreather and cinches tightly to

existing fittings.

Note: The prebreather carrying handles are not stressed for use as securing points.

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Figure 4-20. Tie-down assembly and installation

THE “PRICE” CHECK

4-59. Each letter of the acronym PRICE represents an area of or a specific item of oxygen equipment that

the parachutist must check. The PRICE check makes no provision for inspecting the mask or protective

helmet. The parachutist must check each of the following:

P—Pressure. Checks for full pressure on the particular system in use.

R—Regulator. Checks everything on the particular regulator in use. He checks for dents,

cracks, broken gauges, grease or oil, and movement of dials and levers. He checks the entire

oxygen delivery system for leaks.

I—Indicator. Checks to ensure the flow indicator shows that gas is flowing through the

regulator from the storage system.

C—Connections. Checks all hose connections.

E—Emergency Equipment. Performs a complete check on any emergency oxygen equipment

and the complete bailout system.

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OXYGEN SAFETY PERSONNEL AND PREFLIGHT CHECKS

4-60. Oxygen safety personnel (rigger or another free-fall jumpmaster with experience on the equipment)

must be onboard each aircraft during MFF operations using supplemental oxygen. They must have received

physiological training and unit-level technical training on the oxygen systems being used. For jumps from

20,000 feet or above, one USAF physiological technician per 16 jumpers will be requested with the aircraft

and will be onboard for the jump. The oxygen safety personnel or the USAF physiological technician

will—

Plan for all oxygen equipment required for the mission. He will provide one additional mask of

each size and one additional complete bailout system per six parachutists, and plan for one

additional open oxygen station per every six parachutists in the event of a hose or regulator

failure.

Conduct preflight inspection and preflight operational checks of all oxygen equipment

(Figures 4-21 and 4-22, pages 4-30 through 4-32).

Supervise the transportation of and installation onboard the aircraft of prebreathers and oxygen

cylinders.

Issue oxygen supply hoses to each parachutist and supervise hose connection.

WARNING

Never partially close the shutoff valve during oxygen use. Closing

the valve (even partially) will result in a restriction of oxygen flow

to the parachutist, possibly incapacitating and/or causing serious

injury to personnel.

Prior to the aircraft procedure signal MASK being given, fully open shutoff valves on

prebreathers.

After the aircraft procedure signal MASK is given, ensure the parachutists don their masks

properly and receive oxygen.

Periodically check oxygen pressure and equipment function during use (every 10 minutes).

Monitor each parachutist for signs of hypoxia, the bends, the chokes, neurological hits, and skin

manifestations or paresthesia.

Assist the parachutist with the activation of the bailout systems and inspect all bailout systems to

make sure they were activated.

Check the parachutist’s hose connections on the AIROX VIII or oxygen console. If the

parachutist still indicates a problem, the technician activates the bailout system, moves the

parachutist to an open station, and the technician deactivates the bailout system.

WARNING

It is essential that problems associated with faulty bailout bottles

are identified early in the prebreathing cycle. If the affected

parachutist has not been breathing

100-percent oxygen, the

prebreathing clock starts over once a new bailout bottle is

properly installed. This could delay the jump or disqualify the

affected parachutist from jumping.

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4-61. When connected to an external oxygen system on an aircraft that has an open door or ramp, all

attached equipment will be connected and inspected before takeoff. Jumpmasters need to remain vigilant

and ensure jumpers do not manipulate or adjust their equipment in such a way that would cause an

inadvertent deployment of the main or reserve pilot chute.

4-62. When connected to an external oxygen source, it is recommended that the primary jumpmaster

disconnect his oxygen hose before he allows the ramp or door to be open. The assistant jumpmaster or

oxygen safety will ensure all jumpers are disconnected from their hoses before the ramp or door is opened.

4-63. The oxygen safety will not perform primary jumpmaster or assistant jumpmaster duties. While it is

recommended that the oxygen safety does not jump, he may jump providing no jumpers remain on the

aircraft and only if it is absolutely operationally required.

Preflight Inspection of Portable Bailout Oxygen System

Cylinders are lime green and stenciled in white with the words AVIATOR’S BREATHING OXYGEN.

No cracks, dents, or gouges are in the cylinders.

Cylinder clamp and roller are secured and on the bottom one-third of the cylinders.

Cylinders are tight into the pressure reducer body.

Reducer body is not cracked or damaged.

Filler valve, pressure gauge, and relief valve are tight into the pressure reducer body.

Cap on the filler valve is secure, and the filler cap lanyard is secured to both the cylinder and filler

valve.

Pressure gauge face is not damaged, and the dial indicator is not sticking.

ON/OFF control valve is secured to the pressure reducer body with four Allen screws.

Guide rails of the ON/OFF control valve are undamaged. Operating lever operates properly, and the

detent will hold the valve in the ON and the OFF positions.

Union elbow is secured tightly to the top of the pressure reducer, and the elbow directs the hose over

the pressure gauge.

Hose assembly is not frayed or crushed, and the cloth covering is not worn and is free of oil and

other contaminants.

Hose assembly is securely attached to the union elbow and flow indicator.

There is no obvious damage to the flow indicator body, the arrow points toward the AIROX, and the

flow indicator is securely attached to the AIROX.

View glass is clear, indicating a no-flow condition, and the white sleeve, yellow sleeve, and spring are

present.

Blue tamper-proof dot is present directly below the ambient air port.

Equalization port is free of foreign objects or debris.

Brass set screw and brown tamper-proof dot are present.

Body of the AIROX is not damaged or cracked.

Ambient air port is securely attached to the AIROX and not damaged, and the safety lock wire and

screw are intact.

Chrome ring is present and rotates freely.

Gasket is present, clean, and free of nicks or tears.

Inlet orifice is free of foreign objects or debris, and the screen is present and not damaged.

Cover of the outlet orifice is spring-loaded and seats properly.

Outlet orifice is free of foreign objects or debris, and the screen is present and not damaged.

Dovetail mounting plate is securely attached to the bracket.

There is no damage to the dovetail mounting plate.

Locking lever is spring-loaded and functions properly.

Figure 4-21. Portable Bailout Oxygen System preflight inspection and operational checklist

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Use of Oxygen in Support of Military Free-Fall Operations

Preflight Operational Function Check Procedures

Ensure the system is fully charged at 70 degrees Fahrenheit.

Connect a mask to the outlet orifice and ensure that it is secure and that excessive force is not

required to connect and disconnect.

Turn the system on and seal the mask to the face.

Inhale—yellow sleeve (on flow indicator) rises.

Exhale—yellow sleeve falls. Inhalation should be normal with no undue exertion.

Ensure there is no oxygen flow from the relief valve.

Turn the system off, reseal the mask to the face, and ensure parachutist can breathe through the

ambient air port.

Connect a hose and regulator assembly to the ambient air port; ensure that it is secure and that

excessive force is not required to connect and disconnect.

Preflight Inspection of 6-Man Prebreather

Unit has no obvious damage.

Gauge faces are not broken.

Dial indicators are not sticking.

All screws are present and not coming loose.

Handles are not separating from unit.

Filler cap is present and tied down to unit.

All female disconnect plugs are present and tied down to disconnect.

Female disconnects are not distorted, and the pins of the male connectors of hose assemblies will

engage with the collar of the female disconnect.

Female disconnects are safety-wired to the adjacent female disconnect.

Connector manifold guard does not interfere with the operation of the female disconnects or male

connectors of the hose and regulator assembly.

Both sets of screws in the ON/OFF knob are present and not backing out.

ON/OFF valve stem is not bent.

Container is not cut, damaged severely, or corroded.

Unit is fully charged to 1,800 psi at 70 degrees Fahrenheit.

Preflight Inspection of the Hose and Regulator Assembly

Each male connector has the proper amount of pins (red: 2 pins, yellow: 3 pins, gray: 4 pins), and the

mating probe is not distorted.

Male connector is tight into hose assembly.

Wire wrapping is not frayed, and hose is not crushed.

Cloth covering is free of oil and other contaminants.

Red male connector is connected to 72-inch hose, yellow connector to 90-inch hose, and gray

connector to 98-inch hose.

Hose is tightly connected to regulator.

Regulator is not cut or cracked.

No foreign object or debris is in equalization port.

Hose and check-valve assembly is clamped to regulator, and clamp is safety wired.

Cover is spring-loaded and seats evenly over check valve.

Check valve is spring-loaded.

Figure 4-22. Sample prebreather preflight inspection and operational function checklist

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Chapter 4

Preflight Operational Function Check Procedures

Turn the shutoff valve counterclockwise to the fully opened position (about 5 1/2 turns) (Figure 4-23,

page 4-33).

Ensure the reducer pressure gauge indicates 40 to 60 psi (Figure 4-23).

Remove each disconnect plug, depress the poppet of each disconnect (Figure 4-24, page 4-33), and

ensure oxygen flows from each disconnect.

Close shutoff valve and ensure reducer pressure remains steady (40 to 60 psi).

Bleed off the pressure through the disconnect manifold.

Install all hose and regulator assemblies to their appropriate disconnect (Figure 4-24). (Be sure to

bleed manifold pressure before attaching hose and regulator assemblies.)

Connect an MBU-12/P or POM mask to each hose and regulator assembly.

Open shutoff valve (about 5 1/2 turns).

Listen for and feel the oxygen flow from each mask. Disconnect all but one mask and note the

reducer pressure for 3 to 5 seconds. The reducer pressure should not drop below 40 psi.

Hold the mask to the face and inhale. Inhalation shall be normal with no undue exertion to breathe

oxygen. Remove mask from hose and regulator assembly; ensure check valve closes and that there

is no flow from the hose and regulator assembly. Repeat the above step for each hose and regulator

assembly.

Close shutoff valve and bleed manifold pressure through one or more check valves until reducer

pressure indicates zero.

Monitor reducer pressure for 15 minutes. Ensure gauge indicator remains at zero.

Figure 4-22. Sample prebreather preflight inspection and operational function

checklist (continued)

CAUTION

Failure to properly connect the hose and regulator assemblies to the

prebreather using the above procedures could possibly damage the

diaphragm of the CRU-79/P and render the equipment inoperative.

WARNING

Personnel must NEVER partially close the shutoff valve during

oxygen use; it will result in a restriction of oxygen flow to the

parachutist.

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Use of Oxygen in Support of Military Free-Fall Operations

Figure 4-23. Pressure gauge and manual shutoff valve

Figure 4-24. Removing end plugs and depressing poppets

OXYGEN HANDLING AND SAFETY

4-64. Because of limited contact with oxygen and its handling, personnel may not fully appreciate the

danger involved. Improper use and handling can result in property damage, serious injury, and death.

Personnel handling oxygen must—

Keep Oil and Grease Away From Oxygen. They must not handle oxygen equipment with

greasy hands or clothing. They do not let fittings, hoses, or any other oxygen equipment get

smeared with petroleum-based products, lubricants, hydraulic fluid, or dirt. A drop of oil or

lubricant in the wrong place can cause an explosion.

Keep Oxygen Away From Fires. Small fires rapidly become large fires in the presence of

oxygen supplies. Personnel handling oxygen must never permit smoking near oxygen

equipment, while handling oxygen supplies, or when using oxygen life-support equipment.

Handle Cylinders and Valves Carefully. Before opening cylinder valves, they make sure the

cylinder is firmly supported. They never let a cylinder drop or tip over. Dropping a cylinder can

damage or break the valve, allowing the gas to escape and to propel the cylinder a great distance,

which is an obvious hazard. Personnel open and close the valves only by hand. If they cannot

open and close them by hand, they must return the cylinder to the depot for repair.

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Chapter 5

Equipment and Weapon Rigging Procedures

Free-fall parachutists will normally operate with individual equipment that includes

clothing and equipment in keeping with the climatic conditions, food, and survival

items. In addition, each parachutist will have a weapon, free-fall parachutist’s jump

helmet, goggles, and altimeter. Free-fall parachutists jump and carry all detachment

equipment and supplies as individual loads. All parachute systems and combat

equipment will be stored and secured on the aircraft in a manner in which will ensure

no malfunctions or damage will be caused to the rigging and lifesaving equipment on

the parachute system. Oxygen equipment will be rigged and placed in position where

it will be utilized during the airborne operation (jumper configuration). If selected

items must be dropped as accompanying supplies, they pack these supplies in

appropriate aerial delivery containers.

Note: AIRCRAFT WITH LIMITED SPACE: Equipment will be donned by all jumpers and

inspected for any rigging deficiencies by the primary jumpmaster and assistant jumpmaster

before takeoff. All jumpers will ensure that their equipment is properly connected when the hand

and arm signal to standup is given and before standing up.

Note: AIRCRAFT WITH AMPLE SPACE: Equipment will be donned after the 10-minute

warning. All jumpers will be inspected by the primary jumpmaster and assistant jumpmaster.

The primary jumpmaster and assistant jumpmaster will inspect each other. All jumpers will

ensure that their equipment is properly connected when the hand and arm signal to standup is

given and before standing up.

Note: AIRCRAFT WITH AN OPEN DOOR OR RAMP: All attached equipment will be

connected and inspected before takeoff. Jumpmasters need to remain vigilant and ensure that

their jumpers do not manipulate or adjust their equipment in such a way that they could have an

inadvertent deployment of the main or reserve pilot chute.

EQUIPMENT AND WEAPON PACKING CONSIDERATIONS

5-1. The parachutist can attach or wear his individual equipment and weapon in several configurations

(weapons, for example, exposed, placed in containers, or a mix of the two). Unit SOPs specify ways to

pack equipment that are consistent with safety requirements. As a rule, units pack hard, bulky, or

irregularly shaped (nonaerodynamic) items in containers. Parachutists can use rucksack rigging systems

approved by their Service test board.

5-2. The parachutist packs his individual equipment in a container, kit bag, parachutist drop bag (PDB),

or the medium or large combat pack. He then attaches it to the equipment rings on the parachute’s main lift

web. He may front- or rear-mount the combat pack using the harness, single-point release (HSPR);

improved equipment attaching sling (Spider Harness); or the H-harness (modified). He may attach both a

front- and rear-mounted rucksack and equipment as long as he is under the 360-pound “all-up” total weight

(to include personnel, gear, and weight of canopy suspended below the parachute). He should lower combat

packs or any equipment that weighs more than 35 pounds.

5-3. The parachutist pads fragile items, such as weapon sights. He does not place crushable items, such as

the protective mask, directly under the attaching harnesses. Exposed weapons or equipment, snap hooks,

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Chapter 5

and projections are potential safety hazards that the parachutist tapes. All equipment worn (excluding

oxygen and weapon) will be rigged with the capability to jettison the equipment.

PARACHUTIST AND PARACHUTE LOAD LIMITATIONS

5-4. Commanders must not overload the parachutist with equipment. The variety and weight of equipment

and weapons that can be attached to a parachutist (Tables 5-1 through 5-4, pages 5-2 through 5-3) may exceed

the safe design limits of the MC-4 RAPPS. Overloading can result in parachute damage, unsafe descent rates,

and injury to the parachutist. Also, the parachutist’s actions and the time available to release the tie-down

straps and to lower the equipment may interfere with his control of the parachute close to the ground.

Table 5-1. Container weight limits

Maximum Container

Maximum Rigged

Description

Load (Pounds)

Weight (Pounds)*

Medium Combat Pack

55.56

Large Combat Pack

75.96

145.96

PDB, Medium

140

(Not to Exceed All-up Weight

of Canopy)

Not to Exceed All-up Weight

PDB, Large

of Canopy

*Weight of H-harness attaching sling.

Table 5-2. Parachute load limits

Description

Weight (Pounds)

Reference

Remarks

Increased weight will

Maximum Load-Bearing

reduce canopy

Natick Research and

Capacity of MC-4 RAPPS

360

service life or destroy

Development Command

on Deployment

canopy (for example,

blown cells).

Air Movement Planning

Parachutist with one

Weight of Combat-Equipped

305

None

equipment container

Free-Fall Parachutist

and weapon.

Table 5-3. Weight of parachutist with two equipment loads

Suspended

Weight of

Fatigue

Container

MC-4

Uniform,

Maximum

RAPPS

Helmet,

Rifle

Total

Container

Internal

Weight of

With

Mask, and

Soldier

With

Suspended

Type

Weight

Container

Oxygen

Boots

Weight

Magazine

Weight*

Kit Bag

43.15

205

6.9

323.75

Medium

Combat

5.56

43.15

205

6.9

326.31

Pack

Large

Combat

5.96

43.15

205

6.9

346.71

Pack

*Weight of parachutist in pounds.

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Equipment and Weapon Rigging Procedures

Table 5-4. Weight of parachutist with two equipment loads and basic load

Remaining

Fatigue

Body Armor

Suspended

Weight

Weapon

Uniform,

With

Weight of

Load

Weight

Helmet,

70 Ounces

MC-4

Weapon

With

of Large

Mask,

of Water

RAPPS

Total

Load

Ammu-

Combat

Soldier

and

(Camel-Back

With

Suspended

Type

nition (1)

Pack

Weight

Boots (2)

Bladder)

Oxygen

Weight*

5.96

205

24.5

43.15

35.39

360

Rifleman

M203

5.96

205

24.5

43.15

26.39

360

Gunner

M60

Machine

54.4

5.96

205

24.5

43.15

11.99

360

Gunner

*Weight of parachutist

(1) Includes basic load of ammunition, grenades, claymore, bayonet,

in pounds.

and cleaning kit.

(2) Weight of uniform does not include winter gear (for example, parka,

liners, underwear).

HOOK-PILE TAPE (VELCRO) LOWERING LINE ASSEMBLY

5-5. Figure 5-1, page 5-4, shows the steps (A through D) for stowing an HPT lowering line assembly. The

current HPT lowering line assembly (National Stock Number 1670-01-067-6838) consists of—

An 8- or 15-foot lowering line (the 8-foot lowering line is recommended for most equipment)

made of 1-inch-wide tubular nylon.

A 9- by 7-inch nylon duck retainer (stow pocket) sewn to the upper end. The flaps have HPT

sewn to the edges.

A metal (parachute harness) ejector snap with a yellow safety release.

Note: TM 10-1670-300-20&P describes the modification of the 15-foot HPT lowering line to an

8-foot HPT lowering line. In addition, it provides procedures for altering the HPT lowering line.

Military Occupational Specialty 92R are the only personnel authorized to alter the HPT lowering

line.

Note: The yellow release lanyard may be removed or, if it remains attached to the HPT lowering

line, it should be taped with two wraps of 1-inch masking tape around the end approximately

1 inch from the bottom of the lanyard, securing it to the lowering line and leaving 1 to 2 inches

exposed at the top of the lanyard.

Note: To help prevent inadvertent, premature release of the lowering line, the parachutist places

a medium-weight double-looped retainer band around the middle of the stowed lowering line

retainer pocket before attaching it to the combat pack. Also, the parachutist places a

heavy-weight double-looped retainer band around the quick-ejector snap.

5-6.

The steps for stowing an HPT lowering line assembly, as shown in Figure 5-1, are as follows:

Starting with the looped end to the left, neatly S-fold the tubular nylon until the quick-ejector

snap is coming out the right side (Figure 5-1A).

Mate the Velcro on the excess tubular nylon to the Velcro on the bottom closing flap

(Figure 5-1B).

Close the top flap, encasing the folded tubular nylon (Figure 5-1C).

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Equipment and Weapon Rigging Procedures

COMBAT PACKS AND OTHER EQUIPMENT CONTAINERS

5-7. The following paragraphs discuss the use of harnesses, equipment attachment slings, and lowering

lines in preparing and rigging kit bags and different packs.

H-HARNESS (MODIFIED)

5-8. The modified H-harness consists of two 84-inch nylon straps held together by two 11-inch straps

(Figure 5-2). One end of each strap has two friction adapters attached 3 inches apart. Two 24-inch or

36-inch equipment attachment straps with adjustable lugs and two quick-release ejector snap hooks are part

of the assembly. The H-harness is used to rig the kit bag and combat packs to the parachute harness.

Figure 5-2. H-harness with attaching straps

AVIATOR’S KIT BAG AND/OR MC-4 KIT BAG

5-9. The parachutist uses the canvas aviator’s kit bag or the MC-4 kit bag to jump individual equipment,

such as the load-carrying equipment or properly padded machine gun groups.

Preparing the Bag

5-10. The parachutist packs the equipment in accordance with the unit SOP. He carefully places

sharp-edged objects in the bag so that they are not against his body when he attaches the bag to the

parachute harness. He unfastens the snaps, undoes the slide fastener, and folds down the top of the kit bag

(about one half its filled bulk) to pack the equipment. When packed, the parachutist zips the bag and fastens

the snaps. He gathers up the excess bag material and folds it on top so as to expose the handles.

Attaching the H-Harness to the Kit Bag

5-11. The parachutist takes the two end web adapters and lays out the harness (with the adapters nearest

the body and the second two adapters on top). He connects the equipment attachment straps as outlined

below. The parachutist—

With the adjustable lug nearest the body, threads the attachment strap’s end under the attaching

bar of the second friction adapter and back over the top of the bar.

Tightens the strap, leaving about 3 inches between the nap and the bar, and repeats this step for

the remaining strap.

Places one quick-release snap hook on each adjustable lug.

Lays out the H-harness with the attachment straps down and the snap hook openings up.

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Chapter 5

Attaches the H-harness to the kit bag by centering the bag on the harness 6 inches from the snap

hooks.

Places the H-harness straps around the kit bag and threads them through the friction adapters to

form a quick release.

Threads the snap hooks on the attaching straps through the handles of the kit bag. He rolls and

tapes any excess straps (Figure 5-3).

Figure 5-3. H-harness attached to the kit bag

Attaching the Kit Bag to the Parachutist

5-12. When completely rigged, the parachutist attaches the H-harness to himself. He runs the attachment

straps through the handles of the kit bag and then attaches them to the equipment attachment rings on the

parachute harness. If wearing a front-mounted aviator’s kit bag and a rear-mounted combat pack, the

parachutist hooks up the kit bag quick-release snap hooks to the equipment attachment rings first. He then

hooks up the combat pack quick-release snap hooks to the outside of the kit bag’s snap hooks.

COMBAT PACKS

5-13. The parachutist attaches medium and large combat packs by using the modified H-harness or the

improved equipment attachment sling. Combat packs can be either front- or rear-mounted.

Packing the Combat Pack

5-14. The parachutist—

Places equipment in the combat pack and places padding between the load and the front portion

of the pack.

Fills the outside pockets with nonfragile items (full pockets help to position the H-harness and

attachment sling).

Closes the combat pack by engaging the drawstrings and tie-down straps.

Routes the running ends of the waist straps behind the frame and secures them by tying or

taping.

Rigging the Medium Combat Pack Without the Pack Frame

5-15. The parachutist—

Turns the pack upside down.

Places the H-harness on his pack so that the cross straps are in front of the pack and the friction

adapters are touching the bottom of the pack.

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Equipment and Weapon Rigging Procedures

Runs the harness straps over the top of the pack and crosses the straps at the center of the back of

the pack.

Runs the straps through the friction adapters.

Threads the equipment attaching straps through the intermediate friction adapters.

Attaches the quick-release snap hooks to the adjustable lugs.

Rigging the Medium and Large Combat Packs With the Pack Frame, Modified H-Harness,

and Lowering Line

5-16. The parachutist—

Positions the modified H-harness on the floor or ground with the friction adapters down. He

places the pack, frame up, over the harness making sure that the cross straps are to the top of the

pack and the friction adapters are touching (or near) the bottom of the frame (Figure 5-4).

Runs the harness straps over the top of the pack and then under the top portion of the frame.

Runs the harness straps under the horizontal bar of the frame and crosses them at the center of

the back of the pack. He continues to run the straps under the frame and secures them to the

friction adapters.

Routes the loop end of the lowering line under the crossed diagonal straps. He passes the

running end of the lowering line through its own loop and tightens it, making sure he centers the

lowering line at the intersection of the straps.

Secures the lowering line stow pocket to the pack frame with retainer bands. He leaves the

portion with the quick-ejector snap free for attachment to the parachute harness.

Threads the equipment attaching straps through the intermediate friction adapters, attaches a

quick-release snap hook to each adjustable lug, and rolls and tapes any excess straps.

Figure 5-4. Combat pack and frame rigged with the modified H-harness

IMPROVED EQUIPMENT ATTACHMENT SLING

5-17. The improved equipment attachment sling (Figure 5-5, page 5-8) was a component of the MC-3 MFF

system. The parachutist modifies this sling by removing the leg straps with HPT closures or folds and tapes

the leg straps so that he cannot use them. This sling is used to rig combat packs to the parachute harness.

This system is also known as the spider harness.

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Chapter 5

Figure 5-5. Improved equipment attachment sling and lowering line (spider harness)

Rigging the Large Combat Pack With the Improved Equipment Attachment Sling (Spider

Harness) and Lowering Line

5-18. The parachutist—

Tightens and secures all straps on the pack and positions the pack with the frame up

(Figure 5-6A, page 5-9).

Positions the harness on the frame with the friction adapters on the diagonal locking straps at the

bottom of the frame and the running ends at the top of the frame.

Routes the diagonal locking strap friction adapters under the pack frame’s base.

Routes the anchor straps (parachute harness attaching straps with adjustable quick-release lugs)

and lateral locking straps under the shoulder straps and over the pack frame.

Turns the pack over and routes the running ends of the diagonal locking straps around the long

axis of the pack, across the straps at the center of the back.

Secures the diagonal locking straps to the respective friction adapters that protrude beneath the

bottom of the pack frame (Figure 5-6B, page 5-9).

Tightens the lateral locking straps and secures them around the pack and to their respective

friction adapters (Figure 5-6C, page 5-9).

Note: If the pack is small, the parachutist crosses and tightens the lateral locking straps and

secures them around the pack and to their opposite friction adapters.

Folds and secures the running ends of all straps with tape or ties them with 1/4-inch cotton

webbing.

Places the combat pack in an upright position.

Attaches a quick-release snap hook to each adjustable lug so that the latch handles face away

from his body when he attaches the combat pack to the equipment rings (Figure 5-6D).

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Equipment and Weapon Rigging Procedures

WARNING

The parachutist tapes all combat pack shoulder strap quick-ejector

releases to preclude inadvertent release in free fall, causing

instability.

Figure 5-6. Combat pack and frame rigged with the improved equipment attachment sling

Attaching the Lowering Line

5-19. The parachutist—

Routes the loop end of the lowering line under the crossed diagonal straps between the diagonal

straps and the loop on the backside of the diagonal straps.

Passes the running end of the lowering line through its own loop and tightens it (Figure 5-7,

page 5-10).

Makes S-folds with the remainder of the lowering line and places the S-folds into the retainer

pocket.

Secures the retainer pocket to the appropriate side of the pack frame (right side for front mount,

left side for rear mount) with retainer bands. He uses three retainer bands: two on the frame and

one double-wrapped around the center of the lowering line.

Removes the yellow release lanyard or, if it remains attached to the HPT lowering line, tapes it

to the lowering line with one single wrap of masking tape the length of the lanyard, leaving

1 to 2 inches exposed at the top of the lanyard.

Attaches the lowering line quick-ejector snap to the right-side lowering line attachment V-ring

(Figure 5-7).

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Chapter 5

Figure 5-7. Attaching the lowering line to the combat pack

Attaching the Combat Pack

5-20. The parachutist attaches the combat pack with frame to himself in the same manner as the combat

pack without frame.

Attaching the Rear-Mounted Combat Pack

5-21. The parachutist—

Loosens the shoulder straps and steps through the shoulder straps, one leg through each strap

(Figure 5-8A, page 5-11).

Attaches the quick-release snap hooks to the large equipment attachment rings on the main lift

webs (Figure 5-8B, page 5-11).

No. 2 lifts up on the pack and jumper pulls the slack out (Figure 5-8C, page 5-11). In this last

step, the parachutist could pull out the slack by himself by squatting and sitting on the pack.

Attaches the lowering line to the right-side lowering line attachment V-ring on the parachute

harness (Figure 5-8D, page 5-11 and Figure 5-9, page 5-12).

Tightens shoulder straps around legs (Figure 5-8E, page 5-11).

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Equipment and Weapon Rigging Procedures

Attaches the lowering line to the right-side lowering line attachment V-ring on the parachute

harness (Figure 5-10D).

Tightens shoulder straps (Figure 5-10E).

Figure 5-10F shows the parachutist rigged with the front-mounted combat pack.

Figure 5-10. Attaching the front-mounted combat pack

Releasing the Combat Pack

5-23. After his canopy deploys and when he is clear of other parachutists and has canopy control, the

parachutist will verify at 1,000 feet AGL that the HPT lowering line is still attached, cross fit (grip switch)

and pull both brakes to the half position, loosen the combat pack’s shoulder straps, and pull them clear of

the kit bag. He then detaches the combat pack’s left-side quick-release snap hook so that the pack falls

cleanly when released. When on his final approach and 500 feet above the ground, he ensures that the

ejector snap and HPT is still connected, then releases the second quick-release snap hook, catches his

combat pack with his feet, and flies to the desired landing point. Between 500 to 200 feet after turning on

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Chapter 5

final approach, the parachutist looks down and around to verify that airspace is clear and then ensures the

combat pack is fully lowered and off the feet before he lands. To jettison the combat pack, he releases the

lowering line’s quick-ejector snap, allowing the pack to fall free.

WARNING

The parachutist lowers all rear-mounted combat packs with

frames to avoid injury upon landing.

Note: If the combat pack is lowered before 200 feet AGL or the final approach and the

parachutist has to make turns, the combat pack will start to swing and the parachutist may

impact the ground the same time as the pack. No radical maneuvers should be made at the time

or point before landing.

USMC SINGLE-ACTION RELEASE PERSONAL EQUIPMENT LOWERING SYSTEM

5-24. The Single-Action Release Personal Equipment Lowering System

(SARPELS) is a complete

lowering system authorized for use by the USMC for both static-line and MFF parachute operations. The

SARPELS was designed to provide a single-point release capability for personal equipment carried by

military parachutists. USMC TM 10121A-12&P provides further information.

5-25. The system consists of the SARPELS cargo carrier, two D-ring attaching straps, two leg strap cable

retainers with buckle and grommet, the single-point release handle, a 15-foot static-line lowering line, and

an 8-foot MFF lowering line. The complete system weighs 9.5 pounds empty. The SARPELS cargo carrier

weighs 6 pounds empty and measures 22 inches long by 18 inches wide by 24 inches high. The 8-foot MFF

lowering line is made of 1-inch tubular nylon with a maximum capacity of 1,000 pounds.

Loading the SARPELS Cargo Carrier

5-26. The parachutist—

Loads personal supplies and equipment in the SARPELS cargo container in such a manner as to

maintain the general shape of the cargo container (Figure 5-11, page 5-15). He does not load

more than 110 pounds into the cargo container.

Standing from the top of the SARPELS, folds over the left side flap and then the right side flap

(Figure 5-12, page 5-15).

Stows the unused webbing straps into the small side pockets on either side of the SARPELS

cargo carrier (Figure 5-13, page 5-16).

Folds the outer side flaps in half and over the side pockets and straps (Figure 5-14, page 5-16).

Still standing at the top, folds the left top flap and then the right flap (Figure 5-15, page 5-17).

Folds over the large top flap (Figure 5-15).

Inserts the horizontal straps through the webbing and buckles (Figure 5-16, page 5-17). On the

SARPELS model with three horizontal straps, the top strap is optional, depending on the size of

the cargo.

Roll-folds the excess webbing of the horizontal straps and secures them with the elastic retainer

band.

Inserts the vertical straps through the webbing and buckles (Figure 5-17, page 5-18).

Roll-folds the excess webbing of the vertical straps and secures them with the elastic retainer band.

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Figure 5-17. Single-Action Release Personal Equipment Lowering System with secured

vertical straps

Rigging the Single-Action Release Personal Equipment Lowering System Cargo Carrier

5-27. The parachutist—

Feeds the white webbing of the SARPELS cargo carrier through the parachute harness link of

the D-ring attaching straps (Figure 5-18, page 5-19). He ensures that the opening to the snap

hooks of the D-ring attaching straps is facing down toward him.

Pulls the green 550 cord through the white webbing (Figure 5-19, page 5-19).

Pulls the red 550 cord through the green 550 cord (Figure 5-20, page 5-20).

Pulls the red 550 cord through the grommet of the leg strap (Figure 5-21, page 5-20).

Runs the wire rope of the single-action release handle between the webbing handles (Figure 5-22,

page 5-20). Then he runs the wire rope through the red 550 cord and into the retaining pouch of

the leg strap cable retainers with buckle and grommet.

Note: The dotted line represents the wire rope hidden within the retainer pouch.

Secures the single-point release strap with the Velcro within webbing handles (Figure 5-23,

page 5-21).

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Equipment and Weapon Rigging Procedures

Figure 5-23. Single-Action Release Personal Equipment Lowering System release assembly

Installing the 8-Foot Military Free-Fall Lowering Line

5-28. The parachutist—

Uses the 8-foot-long lowering line for MFF operations using a RAPPS MC-4.

Attaches the lowering line through the sewn webbing loop on the backside of the SARPELS

carrier at the top of the stowage pocket (Figure 5-24).

Feeds the sewn loop of the lowering line through the sewn loop on the cargo carrier.

Inserts the quick-ejector snap through the sewn loop of the lowering line (Figure 5-25, page 5-22).

Pulls the entire lowering line through the loop and cinches it down.

S-folds the excess lowering line, secures it with an elastic retainer band, and places it in the

stowage pocket.

Closes the stowage pocket with the Velcro.

Figure 5-24. Stowage pocket with 8-foot lowering line

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Figure 5-25. Securing the 8-foot lowering line to the cargo carrier

Mounting the Single-Action Release Personal Equipment Lowering System Cargo Container

5-29. The parachutist—

Mounts the SARPELS cargo container to the large equipment attachment rings on the parachute

harness using the snap hook of the D-ring attaching straps (Figure 5-26, page 5-23).

Attaches the quick-ejector snap of the lowering line to the large equipment attachment rings on

the parachute harness.

Ensures the SARPELS cargo carrier is securely in place and is attached by the appropriate

lowering line.

WARNING

Personal injury may occur if the wrong lowering line is used.

Once under canopy, and in accordance with unit SOP, pulls the white webbing of the

single-point release handle to lower the equipment load (Figure 5-27, page 5-23).

WARNING

Parachutists must release the SARPELS cargo carrier before

landing to avoid personal injury.

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Equipment and Weapon Rigging Procedures

Figure 5-26. Mounted Single-Action Release Personal Equipment Lowering System

Figure 5-27. Single-point release handle

HARNESS, SINGLE-POINT RELEASE

5-30. The HSPR (Figure 5-28, page 5-24) is an H-type design for the parachutists. It is made of nylon

webbing, has friction adapters to secure it around the load, and has two adjustable D-ring attaching straps.

To stabilize the pack to the parachutist during movement in the aircraft, exit, free fall, and parachute

deployment, two adjustable leg straps secure the pack to the parachutist’s right and left legs. The leg straps

are equipped with the male portion of the leg strap release assembly. The harness has a single-point release

assembly that simultaneously releases the load and leg straps from the parachutist and parachute harness.

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Chapter 5

Figure 5-28. Harness, single-point release (National Stock Number 1670-01-227-7992)

RIGGING THE ALL-PURPOSE, LIGHTWEIGHT, INDIVIDUAL, CARRYING

EQUIPMENT PACK WITH THE HARNESS, SINGLE-POINT RELEASE

5-31. Before attaching the HSPR to the all-purpose, lightweight, individual, carrying equipment (ALICE)

pack and Service-authorized combat pack, the release handle and adjustable D-ring attaching straps are

attached to the HSPR (Figure 5-29, page 5-25).

Packing Procedures

5-32. When packing the combat container, the parachutist conforms to the following procedures:

Pad and, if required, waterproof any fragile or sensitive gear, such as communications

equipment. Place these items toward the rear of the container, locating the gear closest to the

lowering line attachment point.

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Equipment and Weapon Rigging Procedures

Continue waterproofing and packing the personnel load in accordance with team or platoon

SOPs.

Place equipment in combat container and padding between the load and the portion of the

container that will make contact with the ground first.

Fill outside pockets with nonfragile items and tape snaps to prevent opening during free fall. If

using the HSPR, full pockets help to keep harness in position.

Close combat container by engaging drawstrings and tie-down straps.

Roll and secure any excess webbing or drawstrings.

Route the running ends of the waist straps behind the frame and secure them by tying or taping.

If conducting a water jump, dip test equipment to assure positive buoyancy. If using the PDB,

dip test bag again after it is completely rigged.

Figure 5-29. Release handle and D-ring attaching straps

Harness, Single-Point Release

5-33. The HSPR is an equipment attachment sling designed to be used as an alternative to the PDB. It is

attached directly to the equipment being jumped. The parachutist pulls the single-release handle to lower

equipment to the end of an 8- or 15-foot lowering line.

5-34. The HSPR (Figure 5-28, page 5-24) is an H-type design for MFF parachutists. The harness is made

of nylon webbing, has friction adapters to secure it around the load, and has two adjustable D-ring attaching

straps.

5-35. Two adjustable leg straps secure the equipment to the parachutist’s right and left legs. This stabilizes

the equipment to the parachutist during movement in the aircraft, exit, free fall, and parachute deployment.

The leg straps are equipped with the male portion of the leg strap release assembly.

5-36. The harness has a single-point release assembly that simultaneously releases the load and leg straps

from the parachutist and parachute harness.

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Chapter 5

Rigging Procedures

5-37. The parachutist performs the steps discussed below to rig the HSPR to the ALICE pack. The

parachutist—

Routes the two release handle cables between the two plies of the release handle cross strap.

Attaches the pile tape of the release handle to the hook tape attaching tab located between the

plies of the release handle cross strap. He ensures that the release handle lanyard is not

misrouted.

Places the triangle links of the adjustable D-ring attaching straps on top of the white attaching

loops.

Routes the white attaching loop up through the triangle link (Figure 5-30A).

Routes the green attaching loop up through the white attaching loop (Figure 5-30A).

Routes the red attaching loop up through the green attaching loop (Figure 5-30A).

Routes the red attaching loop through the grommet on the female portion of the leg strap release

assembly. He ensures that the cable loop retainer on the female portion of the leg strap release

assembly is facing up (Figure 5-30A).

Routes the release handle cable through the red attaching loop and then through the cable loop

retainer. He repeats the process for the other strap (Figure 5-30B).

Turns the harness over so that the adjustable D-ring attaching straps are on the bottom.

Figure 5-30. Attaching snap hooks and leg strap release assembly

Places the ALICE pack on top of the harness so that the middle outer cargo pocket is placed

between the release handle cross strap and the adjustable cross strap (Figure 5-31A, page 5-27).

Ensures the top of the pack is facing the equipment retainer straps (Figure 5-31A).

Routes the equipment retainer straps underneath the top of the frame, crosses them on the back

of the pack to form an X, and then routes them underneath the frame and the backrest of the pack

(Figure 5-31B, page 5-27).

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Equipment and Weapon Rigging Procedures

Figure 5-31. Rigging the harness, single-point release

Routes the equipment retainer straps through their appropriate friction adapters

(a two- or three-finger quick release is optional; if used, the quick-release loop is secured to the

harness with tape or a retainer band) (Figure 5-32A).

S-rolls the excess webbing and secures it with retainer bands or tape (separates from the quick-

release loop, if used) (Figure 5-32A).

Tightens the shoulder straps.

Routes the adjustable leg straps around the pack and attaches the male portion of the leg strap

release assembly to the female portion of the leg strap release assembly, leaving it connected

until it is time to attach the combat pack to the parachutist (Figure 5-32B). The HSPR leg strap

release (male portion) may be routed through the pack, between the frame and pack, on shorter

parachutists to allow tighter attachment of the rucksack.

Figure 5-32. Completing rigging the harness, single-point release

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Chapter 5

Note: Oscillation under canopy is dramatically increased when using the 15-foot HPT lowering

line.

Hook-Pile Tape Lowering Line Assembly

5-38. The parachutist attaches the HPT lowering line in the same way as with the modified H-harness for a

front-mounted combat pack (Figure 5-33). The 8-foot HPT lowering line is normally used for MFF

operations. Terrain considerations may require use of a 15-foot HPT and is authorized.

Figure 5-33. Attaching the hook-pile tape lowering line assembly

5-39. The current HPT lowering line assembly consists of an 8- or 15-foot lowering line made of

1-inch wide tubular nylon. The 8-foot lowering line is recommended for most equipment. A 9- by 7-inch

nylon duck retainer is sewn to the upper end. The closing flaps have HPT sewn to the edges with a metal

ejector snap on a yellow safety release.

ATTACHING THE HARNESS, SINGLE-POINT RELEASE-RIGGED COMBAT EQUIPMENT

TO THE PARACHUTIST

5-40. The buddy system, or the seat of the aircraft, should be used to attach the HSPR to the parachutist.

Note: Parachutists can use either the shoulder straps or the leg straps to secure the combat

equipment to the legs when using the HSPR. The same sequence is followed for attaching the

front-mounted combat pack using the HPT.

5-41. The parachutist performs the steps discussed below to attach the HSPR-rigged combat equipment

(Figure 5-34, page 5-29):

The parachutist loosens shoulder straps and steps through them, if used in this configuration and

not the HSPR leg straps. If not, continue to next step.

Parachutist #1 grasps the harness by the two adjustable D-ring attaching straps and secures the

snap hooks to the large equipment attachment rings directly below the three-ring release

assemblies.

Parachutist

#1 attaches the quick-ejector snap on the HPT lowering line to the right-side

lowering line attachment V-ring on the parachute harness.

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Equipment and Weapon Rigging Procedures

Parachutist #2 (if using the adjustable leg straps) routes the adjustable leg straps around the

parachutist #1’s legs and attaches the male portion to the female portion of the leg strap release

assembly. If using the shoulder straps, this step is skipped.

Parachutist #1 pulls on the free-running ends of the adjustable D-ring attaching straps and

tightens the pack up to the large equipment attachment rings.

Parachutist #1 folds the excess webbing and secures it in the webbing retainer.

Figure 5-35 shows the completed HSPR-rigging of the combat pack.

Figure 5-34. Attaching the harness, single-point release-rigged combat equipment

Figure 5-35. Parachutist with harness, single-point release-rigged combat pack

PARACHUTIST DROP BAG

5-42. The PDB is a fast, easy, and secure way of carrying the parachutist’s rucksack and load-bearing

equipment in free-fall or static-line operations. The bag opens and closes quickly so that the equipment can

be secured efficiently on the DZ. There are exterior pockets for water and maps so that the parachutist does

not have to get into his rucksack on the aircraft. There is an integral 8-foot lowering line attached to the

bag. The bag is reversible with shoulder straps on both sides. The side with the hardware for dropping is

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Chapter 5

camouflage in color, allowing the parachutist to put his parachute into it on the DZ for a hasty cache. The

other side is dark gray, which presents a visually lower profile so that equipment can be carried through an

airport. The standard size of the PDB is medium (Figure 5-36); this size will allow most parachutists to put

a mission combat pack and load-bearing equipment in the bag. The smallest bag possible should be used so

the straps can compress the load to prevent the contents of the PDB from shifting.

Figure 5-36. Compression straps connected and tightened

LOADING THE DROP BAG

5-43. The parachutist opens the bag completely, forming an “open clamshell.” He places the rucksack and

load-bearing equipment on the open bag (Figure 5-37, page 5-31). The hip pad of the rucksack should be

against the top of the side facing the parachutist (as the bag hangs on the harness). The parachutist then zips

the bag shut and connects and tightens the compression straps (Figure 5-38, page 5-31).

5-44. After loading bag and securing any excess webbing, the parachutist girth hitches the lowering line to

the attaching point and stows it in the pouch on the outside of the bag. After stowing is completed, he sets

up the quick-release assembly using the same procedures as on the HSPR. The parachutist then does the

following:

Stows and mates the Velcro on the release handle with the cables facing toward the white loops.

Ensures the release handle lanyard is not misrouted.

Threads white attaching loop through the triangle link.

Threads green loop through white loop and red loop through green loop.

Threads red loop through the grommet on the female portion of the leg strap release assembly

with the cable loop retainer facing up.

Threads release cable through red loop and into the cable loop retainer.

Repeats the same process on the other side.

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Equipment and Weapon Rigging Procedures

Figure 5-37. Loading the drop bag

Figure 5-38. Drop bag zipped shut with compression straps

connected and tightened

ATTACHING THE DROP BAG

5-45. The PDB can be attached to the front or rear of the parachutist. The PDB attaches to the parachutist

by standard quick-release connectors (Figure 5-39, page 5-32) found in any rigger facility. The equipment

attachment straps are long enough for the parachutist to connect the bag to his parachute harness’s upper

large equipment rings while the bag rests on the floor. The bag should be up against the bottom of the

container, allowing approximately four inches between the bottom of the container and the top of the PDB

when jumping the bag in the rear (Figure 5-40, page 5-32), and as close as possible to the equipment

attachment rings when jumping the bag in front (Figure 5-41, page 5-33). The excess webbing on the

attachment straps should be stowed in the elastic bands on the strap itself prior to jumping. The integral

lowering line is identical to that already used by parachutists. It attaches in the same manner to the lower

attachment point V-ring. The integral lowering line may also be girth hitched to a Stubi-85 (locking

carabiner) and the equipment lowering line V-ring to allow for quick derigging on the ground.

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Equipment and Weapon Rigging Procedures

Figure 5-41. Parachutist drop bag rigged for front-mounted jump

JUMPING THE DROP BAG

5-46. The bag is jumped in an identical manner as the standard rucksack. The shoulder straps (used as leg

straps while jumping) should be tightened around the thighs, but not so tight as to restrict movement. Once

under canopy, the pull-tabs on the shoulder straps (leg straps) can be pulled to loosen the straps from

around the legs.

DERIGGING THE DROP BAG

5-47. Once on the ground, the parachutist detaches the lowering line from the parachute. He then

unbuckles all of the Fastex buckles securing the compression straps around the bag. The zipper closing the

bag can be ripped open by pulling apart both sides of the bag, exposing the load. The parachutist removes

the load and puts the parachute into the bag for storage or a hasty cache.

WEAPON RIGGING PROCEDURES

5-48. An MFF parachutist can jump with his individual weapon exposed or inside a weapons container or

another approved container. Weapons may be attached to the left or right side of the parachutist. When

jumping with oxygen, the weapon should be rigged on the left side. If jumping with multiple weapons, the

larger weapon should be attached to the left side or rigged horizontally on top of the combat pack with

smaller weapon attached to the right side of the parachutist (Figure 5-42, page 5-34). The parachutist can

jump with a pistol in a shoulder holster or in an equipment container. The parachutist should wear a

shoulder holster under the jumpsuit or other protective clothing. The parachutist should secure the pistol in

the holster by taping the holster closed using an airborne strap or by using a lanyard that will not interfere

with the jumper or parachute system.

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CENTER-MOUNTED WEAPONS HARNESS

5-49. The center-mounted weapons harness (Figure 5-42) is in response to USASOC’s need for a weapons

harness that allows the parachutist ease of donning and doffing during MFF operations.

Figure 5-42. Center-mounted weapons harness

5-50. Over 150 MFF operations have been conducted using the center-mounted weapons harness at the

MFF School and during user assessments as part of the Arc Angel MFF Training. The harness is

manufactured using the following components (Figure 5-43, page 5-35):

Weapons harness uses 1-3/4-inch nylon tape backing with pile sewed the length and two,

non-nylon-based male end adapters. The additional straps on the weapons harness use 1-3/4-inch

nylon tape with either pile or hook sewn to the center of the weapons harness. This forms a triple

fold of hook and pile to secure weapons when worn in the vertical configuration. Length of the

weapons harness is 24 inches.

Main lift web attaching points use three sections of hook and pile sewn in a triple-fold

configuration with

1-3/4-inch nylon tape as a backing with two female non-nylon-based

adapters. Length of main lift web adapters, including female adapters, is 10 inches.

Horizontal attaching straps use three sections of hook and pile sewn in a triple-fold configuration

with 1-3/4-inch nylon tape as a backing. Length of horizontal attaching straps is approximately

20 inches.

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Equipment and Weapon Rigging Procedures

EXPOSED WEAPONS CONSIDERATIONS

5-53. If the commander decides that parachutists are to jump with weapons exposed, he must consider the

increased risk of injury to the parachutists. To minimize the risks of jumping with exposed weapons, the

commander should—

Consider the proficiency and experience level of the parachutists.

Conduct a thorough risk assessment that addresses the following risks associated with jumping

exposed weapons:

Interference with the oxygen system or automatic opening device.

Interference with the parachutist’s exit from the aircraft.

Stability of the parachutist while in free fall.

Ability of the parachutist to perform pull procedures.

Ability of the parachutist to perform emergency procedures.

Deployment of the parachute.

Entanglement of the weapon with another parachutist’s parachute should a midair

entanglement occur.

Ability of the parachutist to perform a parachute landing fall (PLF).

Injury to the parachutist during landing.

Damage to the weapon upon landing or when dragged on the ground.

M4 CARBINE-SERIES RIFLE

5-54. To prepare the M4 carbine-series rifle for jumping (Figure 5-51, page 5-40), the parachutist should—

Adjust the sling to fit just over the shoulder and tape the sling keeper in place.

Pad and tape the side-mounted bolt assist and the operating handle.

Pad and tape the muzzle and the sights to avoid possible entanglement with the parachute

suspension lines or dirt clogging the weapon upon landing.

Insert the magazine and tape it to the receiver, including the ejector port cover, to prevent loss of

the magazine and to keep debris from entering the bolt area.

Tape the hand guards to prevent their loss during free fall or upon landing.

Tape any accessories on the weapon, such as aim points, to ensure they do not come off during

movement.

Note: Neither leather or padded slings are authorized for MFF operations and should not be used

as these items may interfere with emergency procedures when rigged on the parachutist.

Note: The M16-series rifle is rigged in the same manner as the M4 carbine-series rifle.

CAUTION

Any tape should have quick-release tabs and should not interfere with

the weapon’s operation in case weapon is needed immediately once

on the DZ.

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Equipment and Weapon Rigging Procedures

Run the sling under the main lift web and route the chest strap through the sling. The buddy ties

off the running ends of the 1/4-inch cotton webbing to a weapon tie-down loop on the harness

with a soft knot (bowknot).

Place the weapon between the wing flap and the parachutist with the waistband routed over or

through the weapon-carrying handle.

Note: If optics are mounted on the weapon, they must be free and clear of the waistband.

Tighten the waistband securely so that the weapon lies snugly against the parachutist’s side.

The parachutist then assumes the basic free-fall position to test the fit of the weapon.

Figure 5-52. Positioning the weapon on the parachutist

SPECIAL OPERATIONS FORCES COMBAT ASSAULT RIFLE

5-57. The Special Operations Forces Combat Assault Rifle (SCAR), SCAR-L, or SCAR-H, can be rigged

in the side-mounted configuration, as well as in the horizontal position in the center-mounted weapons

harness. To prepare the SCAR-L/H rifles for jumping, the parachutist should—

Fully extend the weapon sling all the way and tape the sling keeper in place.

Pad and tape the rear sight post and windage adjustment knob prior to conducting MFF

operations to reduce the probability of inadvertent movement of the rear sight aperture.

Continuous lengths of tape should cover the entire rear sight and wrap around folding-stock,

forward of its hinge. The material used to pad and tape the SCAR for MFF operations will vary

depending on what is locally available.

Insert the magazine and tape it to the lower receiver, including the ejector port cover, to prevent

loss of the magazine and to keep debris from entering the bolt area.

Place the SCAR buttstock in the folded position (Figure 5-53A, page 5-42) when rigged in the

side-mounted configuration to reduce contact with the risers during main parachute deployment.

However, the SCAR can be jumped in the open position (Figure 5-53B).

Tape any accessories on the weapon, such as aim points, to ensure they do not come off during

movement.

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CAUTION

Any tape should have quick-release tabs and should not interfere with

the weapon’s operation in case weapon is needed immediately once

on the DZ.

Figure 5-53. Special Operations Forces Combat Assault Rifle in folded and open positions

Tie-Downs

5-58. The parachutist should use a 12- to 18-inch tie-down of 1/4-inch cotton webbing to secure the SCAR.

He should attach the tie-down to the weapon sling or to a hard point on the weapon with a girth hitch knot.

Positioning

5-59. With the help of a buddy, the parachutist should sling his weapon over his shoulder with the muzzle

down, and rotate the pistol grip to his rear. The parachutist and his buddy should then—

Place the sling from the lower keeper (buttstock) on the outside of the stock and over the

parachutist’s shoulder.

Run the sling under the main lift web and route the chest strap through the sling. The buddy ties

off the running ends of the 1/4-inch cotton webbing to a weapon tie-down loop on the harness

with a soft knot (bowknot).

Place the weapon between the wing flap and the parachutist with the waistband routed over the

top of the weapon.

Tighten the waistband securely so that the weapon lies snugly against the parachutist’s side.

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Equipment and Weapon Rigging Procedures

Note: If optics are mounted on the weapon, they must be free and clear of the waistband.

The parachutist then assumes the basic free-fall position to test the fit of the weapon.

Dual Rigging

5-60. When rigging weapons on both sides of the harness, the buddy should—

Place the larger weapon on the parachutist’s left side and the smaller one on his right side.

Note: This setup minimizes interference with the oxygen system, if used.

Use standard weapon rigging techniques to secure the weapon to the parachutist.

Note: When an oxygen system is used (Figure 5-54), the buddy should place the weapon behind

the oxygen bottles and against the parachutist’s body. The buddy should carefully route the

medium-pressure delivery hose over or behind the weapon in a manner that does not restrict the

flow of oxygen to the parachutist.

Figure 5-54. Right-side weapon rigging

M203 GRENADE LAUNCHER OR ENHANCED GRENADE LAUNCHER MODULE

5-61. The parachutist should prepare the M203 grenade launcher (Figure 5-55, page 5-44) in the same

manner as he prepares the M16-series, M4, or SCAR carbine-series rifles. In addition, he should—

Tape the hand guards and the grenade launcher barrel together with the barrel latch covered.

Remove the quadrant sight.

Tape down the leaf sight.

Tie-Downs

5-62. The parachutist should follow the same procedures used for the M16 series, M4, or

SCAR carbine-series rifles.

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Equipment and Weapon Rigging Procedures

Tape the butt plate closed.

Pad and tape the flash suppressor, front sight, and bayonet lug.

Note: When jumping with larger weapons on the left side, the parachutist should position the

HPT lowering line to the left side to facilitate a right-side PLF.

Figure 5-56. M14 rigged for jumping

Tie-Downs

5-65. The parachutist should use a 12- to 18-inch tie-down of 1/4-inch cotton webbing to secure the weapon.

He should attach the tie-down to the weapon sling or to a hard point on the weapon with a girth hitch.

Positioning

5-66. With the help of a buddy, the parachutist should sling the weapon over his left shoulder, with the

muzzle down, and rotate the operating handle away from his body. The buddy should then secure the

weapon to the parachutist in the same manner as for the M16-series and the M4 carbine-series rifles.

M110 SEMI-AUTOMATIC SNIPER SYSTEM AND M24 SNIPER RIFLE

5-67. The parachutist should prepare the sniper system as follows:

Make an improvised sling. (Note: Parachutist must not use a standard marksmanship sling.)

Make sure the rifle has a secure portion where the sling can be attached.

Tape the muzzle to protect it from debris upon landing.

Tape and secure the bolt (as needed).

Insert the magazine and tape it to the receiver, including the ejector port cover, to prevent loss of

the magazine and to keep debris from entering the bolt area.

Tape and pad the scope to protect it as necessary.

Figure 5-57 shows the M110 Semi-Automatic Sniper System.

Figure 5-57. M110 Semi-Automatic Sniper System

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Chapter 5

Note: If using a semiautomatic sniper system, the parachutist should follow the same procedures

he used to prepare the M16-series, the M4-carbine series, and the M14 rifles.

Tie-Downs

5-68. The parachutist should use a 12- to 18-inch tie-down of 1/4-inch cotton webbing to secure the

weapon. He should attach the tie-down to the weapon sling or to a hard point on the weapon with a girth hitch.

Positioning

5-69. With the help of a buddy, the parachutist should sling the weapon over his left shoulder, with the

muzzle down, and the scope to the front or rear. They then should secure the weapon to the parachutist in

the same manner as for the M16-series and the M4 carbine-series rifles.

Note: When jumping with larger weapons on the left side, the parachutist should position the

HPT lowering line to the left side to facilitate a right-side PLF.

Note: If optics are mounted on the weapon, they must be positioned free and clear of the

waistband.

CAUTION

All optics should be pressure tested to see if they will hold up under

high altitude and pressure at these levels during flight and under

canopy.

MP5, MP5A3, AND MP5K SUBMACHINE GUNS

5-70. The parachutist should prepare the MP5 (Figure 5-58, page 5-47), MP5A3, and MP5K submachine

guns as follows:

Remove the sling from the upper swivel.

Fold the end of the sling and run the fold through the upper sling swivel.

Pass the tip of the sling through the fold and fasten the snap.

Close the ejector port cover and remove the magazine.

Collapse the stock.

Tape one magazine to the left of the receiver or carry it elsewhere.

Cover and tape the muzzle.

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Equipment and Weapon Rigging Procedures

Figure 5-58. MP5 rigged for jumping

Tie-Downs

5-71. The parachutist should use a 12- to 18-inch tie-down of 1/4-inch cotton webbing to secure the weapon.

He should attach the tie-down to the weapon sling or a hard point on the weapon with a girth hitch.

Positioning

5-72. With the help of a buddy, the parachutist should sling the weapon over his shoulder, with the muzzle

down, and rotate the pistol grip to his rear. They then should secure the weapon to the parachutist in the

same manner as for the M16-series and the M4 carbine-series rifles.

M249 AND PARA M249 SQUAD AUTOMATIC WEAPONS

5-73. The parachutist can jump with the M249 squad automatic weapon exposed or in an equipment

container (Figure 5-59, page 5-48). To prepare the weapon, he should—

Pad the optics as necessary. (Note: Parachutists must not insert the magazine and must not

chamber rounds.)

Tape the muzzle to avoid debris entering the weapon upon landing.

Wrap one piece of the tape around the fore grip of the weapon, securing the carrying handle,

hand guard, and bipod.

Note: The Para M249 squad automatic weapon requires an additional piece of tape forward of

the vertical grip on the hand guard. The parachutist should consider padding the charging handle

if the possibility of discomfort or injury exists. When jumping with larger weapons on the left

side, the parachutist should position the HPT lowering line to the left side to facilitate a

right-side PLF.

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Chapter 5

Figure 5-59. M249 and Para M249 squad automatic weapons rigged for jumping

Tie-Downs

5-74. The parachutist should use a 12- to 18-inch tie-down of 1/4-inch cotton webbing to secure the

M249 squad automatic weapon. The parachutist should attach the tie-down to the weapon sling or to a hard

point on the weapon with a girth hitch. On the Para M249 squad automatic weapon, he should attach the

tie-down to a hard point on the rear of the weapon.

Positioning

5-75. With the help of a buddy, the parachutist should sling the weapon over his left shoulder, with the

muzzle down, and rotate the pistol grip to his rear.

Note: The Para M249 may be rigged with the weapon pistol grip to the parachutist’s front or rear.

5-76. They then run the weapon sling under the main lift web and route the chest strap through the weapon

sling. Parachutist #2 ties off the running ends of the 1/4-inch cotton webbing to a weapon tie-down loop on

the harness with a soft knot (bowknot). He places the weapon between the waistband and the parachutist

with the waistband routed over or through the weapon-carrying handle. He tightens the waistband securely

so that the weapon lies snugly against the parachutist’s side. The parachutist then assumes the basic free-

fall position to test the fit of the weapon.

Note: If optics are mounted on the weapon, they must be positioned free and clear of the

waistband.

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Equipment and Weapon Rigging Procedures

M60 AND M240 MACHINE GUNS, OTHER LIGHT MACHINE GUNS, AND .50-CALIBER

SNIPER SYSTEMS

5-77. The parachutist must not jump these fully assembled and exposed weapons while they are attached to

the parachute harness during MFF operations. The parachutist may break the weapons down and pack them

inside the combat pack, PDB, or a horizontally mounted kit bag with an H-harness. The parachutist pads

optics and secures weapon in the PDB or jump pack. Figure 5-60 is an example of padding and preparing

the M240G.

Figure 5-60. M240G disassembled and packed for jumping

PISTOLS

5-78. The parachutist can jump with a pistol in a shoulder holster or in an equipment container. The

parachutist should wear a shoulder holster under his jumpsuit or other protective clothing. He should secure

the pistol in the holster by taping the holster closed or by using a lanyard.

AT-4, 84-MILLIMETER CARL GUSTAF RECOILLESS RIFLE, AND OTHER LIGHT

ANTIARMOR WEAPONS

5-79. The recommended procedure for rigging the AT-4 and 84-millimeter Carl Gustaf recoilless rifle is to

front-mount the weapon horizontally on top of a combat pack or a PDB, or in an H-harness. This

arrangement limits the parachutist to a ramp-only exit because of the rigged width of the parachutist. To rig

these weapons for a front-mounted jump on top of a combat pack or a PDB, the parachutist—

Tapes and pads the end of the launch tube to prevent debris from entering the tube upon landing.

If the launch tube has removable end caps, he tapes and secures them to the launch tube

(Figure 5-61, page 5-50).

Tapes the sling securely to the launch tube (Figure 5-61).

Pads and tapes the weapon sights and the trigger mechanism (Figure 5-61).

Mounts the weapon system on top of the combat pack or PDB. He routes the H-harness, spider

harness, or PDB vertical compression straps over the weapon and through the carrying handle of

the Carl Gustaf or through the sling of the AT-4, and tightens securely (Figure 5-62, page 5-50).

Uses 1/4-inch cotton webbing to secure the weapon to the combat pack or PDB. This method

prevents lateral shifting of the weapon system while in free fall (Figure 5-63, page 5-51).

Has a buddy attach the combat pack or PDB to the parachutist (Figure 5-64, page 5-51).

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Chapter 5

Places the weapon system on top of the H-harness, then routes the vertical compression straps

around the launch tube and through the sling or carrying handle, and tightens securely.

Has a buddy attach the H-harness or weapon system to the parachutist as follows:

If jumping a rear-mounted combat pack or PDB, uses a

12- to

18-inch piece of

1/4-inch cotton webbing to secure the H-harness or weapon to the leg straps. This

method prevents the weapon from flying up into the parachutist’s face during free fall

(Figure 5-65).

If jumping a front-mounted combat pack or PDB, attaches the H-harness or weapon to the

equipment attachment rings first, and then attaches the combat pack or PDB. The

attachment straps of the combat pack or container hold the H-harness or weapon system

securely in place (Figure 5-66).

Figure 5-65. Front-mounted weapon with rear-mounted rucksack

Figure 5-66. Front-mounted weapon with front-mounted rucksack

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Equipment and Weapon Rigging Procedures

M224 60-MILLIMETER MORTAR

5-81. The recommended procedure for rigging the M224 60-millimeter mortar is to mount it horizontally

on a combat pack or PDB in an H-harness. This arrangement limits the parachutist to a ramp-only exit from

the aircraft. The parachutist should rig the M224

60-millimeter mortar for a front-mounted jump

(Figure 5-67) as follows:

Tape and pad the end of the barrel to prevent debris from entering the barrel upon landing.

Tape the entire trigger guard and carrying handle, making a smooth surface to prevent any

entanglement of the parachute during deployment.

Mount the weapon on top of the combat pack or container and route the H-harness, spider

harness, or container vertical compression straps over the weapon and through the improvised

sling.

Figure 5-67. M224 60-millimeter mortar rigged for front mount

5-82. The parachutist should rig the M224 60-millimeter mortar (Figure 5-68, page 5-54) for a side-

mounted jump as follows:

Make an improvised sling with 1-inch tubular webbing.

Run the webbing around the end of the mortar and through the trigger guard.

Note: A secured clove hitch on the mortar barrel between the lower sections for the bipod mount

holds the webbing in place.

Tape the webbing in place to make sure it does not slide on the barrel.

Tape the entire trigger guard and carrying handle, making a smooth surface to prevent any

entanglement of the parachute during deployment.

Tape and pad the end of the barrel to prevent debris from entering the barrel upon landing. When

jumping with larger weapons on the left side, the parachutist should position the HPT lowering

line to the left side to facilitate a right-side PLF.

Tie-Downs

5-83. The parachutist should use a 12- to 18-inch tie-down of 1/4-inch cotton webbing to secure the

weapon. He should attach the tie-down to the weapon sling or a hard point on the weapon with a girth

hitch.

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Chapter 5

Positioning

5-84. With the help of a buddy, the parachutist should sling the mortar over his left shoulder, with the

muzzle down, and rotate the trigger to his rear. He should run the sling around the mortar to make sure

tension pulls the trigger assembly toward the container. The parachutist and his buddy should secure the

mortar in the same manner as for the M16-series and the M4 carbine-series rifles.

Figure 5-68. Left-side mount for M224 60-millimeter mortar

OTHER WEAPONS

5-85. The parachutist can rig other weapons using the methods previously described. User unit SOPs

should specify ways to pack or rig similar types of weapons consistent with safety requirements. Units

requiring technical help should contact B Company, 2d Battalion, 1st Special Warfare Training Group,

USAJFKSWCS, Yuma, Arizona; Defense Switched Network 899-3626/3639.

FLOTATION DEVICES AND/OR LIFE PRESERVERS

5-86. Parachutists must wear military-approved flotation devices

(Tactical Flotation Support

System

[TFSS]-5326, B-7 Life Preserver, Life Preserver Unit-10/P, or underwater demolition

team life vest [Figure 5-69, page 5-55]) whenever the planned flight path is over open bodies of water

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Equipment and Weapon Rigging Procedures

large enough to be unavoidable with a maneuverable chute for one third or more of the distance under

canopy. They also wear them when an open body of water is within 1,000 meters of the planned impact

point.

Figure 5-69. Underwater demolition team life preservers

TACTICAL FLOTATION SUPPORT SYSTEM

5-87. The TFSS-5326 is an inflatable aid to flotation device specifically designed for special operations

forces warfighters, combat swimmers, and/or maritime airborne operations personnel. Each system consists

of one each independent left- and right-hand units, which can be mounted on a belt. Each unit includes a

welded flotation bladder, an inflation system, a pouch closure system, a pouch, and a firing handle. The

bladder is a reusable welded fabric enclosure that deploys from a belt on the waist and can be placed under

the arms of the parachutist while floating in the water. It is readily collapsed and stowed for future use. The

inflation system uses a manually actuated CO2 cartridge (two Leland 38-gram CO2 cartridges) for primary

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Chapter 5

inflation and an oral inflation tube for secondary inflation. The pouch contains and protects the bladder,

inflation system, and closure system. It includes a waist belt loop and clip loops to secure the pouch to the

webbing belt. The firing handle attaches to the outside of the pouch and uses color-coded beads to help

distinguish left- and right-hand units. The handle serves to release the closure system and actuate the CO2

inflation system.

Buoyancy

5-88. The TFSS-5326 is designed to provide a minimum of 45 pounds of positive buoyancy in seawater at

33 feet and 80 pounds at the surface (Table 5-5). The overt system comes with reflective tape on the

yellow-colored bladder to aid in recovery in sea operations.

Table 5-5. Lift capabilities

Depth (Feet)

Lift (Pounds)

NOTE: All test data is in seawater.

Wearing

5-89. The TFSS-5326 is a one-size-fits-all system that has been designed to accommodate the personal

preference of the user for ease of wearing and comfort. When wearing the TFSS-5326 for MFF operations,

the units should be worn to the front of the parachutist’s body

(Figure

5-69, page 5-55) to avoid

interference with the parachute or any emergency procedures that could arise that the parachutist might

have to correct. The TFSS-5326 is designed for simplicity and ease of wear. However, an improperly

mounted flotation device could interfere with airborne operations, causing injury to the parachutist or

damage to equipment. The parachutist must ensure he does not wear the TFSS-5326 flotation packets

between the parachute harness and his body. Serious injury may result if inflated when worn incorrectly.

To mitigate this risk, MFF parachutists should properly mount the TFSS-5326 ensuring the system is not

placed under the parachute harness at any location.

5-90. The CO2 cartridge cover does not extend the entire length of the CO2 cartridge cylinder, which

poses a potential for a cold burn to unprotected skin (frostbite burn) when the cartridge is activated. To

mitigate this risk, parachutists must ensure the TFSS-5326 mounting belt is worn tightly around their waist

to limit CO2 cartridge movement, and ensure there is a layer of clothing between the CO2 cartridge and the

parachutist’s skin. All parachutists should participate in the mounting procedures for the TFSS-5326.

5-91. To manually actuate a TFSS-5326 unit, the user pulls upward on the firing handle. This motion

initiates two sequential actions. First, the pouch closure pins are released, allowing the pouches to open

freely. Second, the manual inflator lever is actuated, causing the firing pin to puncture the seal on the

CO2 cartridges to release the gas and completely fill the bladder. Should the CO2 inflation system fail to

operate, the bladder is filled through an oral inflation tube. This is accomplished by depressing the Oralock

valve (Figure 5-70A, page 5-57), and then breathing into the tube (Figure 5-70B, page 5-57). Gas is

released from the TFSS-5326 bladder by pressing downward on the Oralock valve and forcing the air out of

the oral inflation tube. Once all of the gas is evacuated from the bladder, the CO2 cartridges are replaced,

maintenance is performed, and the units are repacked for future use.

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Equipment and Weapon Rigging Procedures

Figure 5-70. Oralock valve

Note: Test results indicate wear of the TFSS-5326 poses no greater risk to Soldiers when

compared to currently issued flotation devices worn during airborne operations (for example, the

B-7 Life Preserver and Life Preserver Unit-10 types of life preservers), provided guidance

contained in the referenced documentation and the safety releases are adhered to.

Periodic Maintenance

5-92. After each use, the parachutist—

Rinses entire unit in fresh water.

Allows unit to completely air dry.

Applies a small amount of a silicon lubricant to all valves.

Visually inspects all bladders for any damage.

Replaces unit if damaged.

Weighs and ensures the minimum gram weight for replacement of 38-gram CO2 cartridges is

147 grams.

Repacks unit in accordance with procedures.

Inspections

5-93. The parachutist conducts an annual inspection consisting of the following:

Orally inflate unit and allow to sit for 24 hours.

Thoroughly inspect unit for leaks. Replace if damaged.

Inspect all valves to ensure they are in good working order.

Reweigh and ensure the minimum gram weight for each 38-gram CO2 cartridge is 147 grams.

Upon initial issue, the user is required to conduct an annual inspection and report any damage to the

cognizant authority.

B-7 LIFE PRESERVER

5-94. The parachutist wears the B-7 over his uniform or jumpsuit and under his parachute harness

(Figure 5-69, page 5-55). He fits the B-7 by placing one flotation packet under each arm, making sure the

packet flaps are to the outside and the toggle cords are down and to the front. He routes the shoulder strap

from front to rear over his left shoulder, under the back strap, then from rear to front over his right shoulder

and attaches it to the ring on the right flotation packet.

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Chapter 5

5-95. The parachutist adjusts the shoulder strap so that the flotation packets fit snugly against his armpits.

Before donning the parachute, he attaches the chest strap to the attachment ring on the left flotation packet,

forming a quick release. If there is a water emergency, the parachutist inflates the life preserver by pulling

the toggle cords located on each flotation packet. He can also manually inflate it by blowing into the rubber

hose located on each flotation packet.

Note: The parachutist uses manual inflation only if the CO2 inflation system fails to operate.

WARNING

The parachutist ensures he does not wear the B-7 life preserver

with the flotation packets between the parachute harness and his

body. Serious injury may result if inflated when worn incorrectly.

LIFE PRESERVER UNIT-10/P

5-96. The Life Preserver Unit-10/P is a standard USAF CO2 cartridge-activated life preserver assembly

worn during flights over water or during airdrops when water obstacles are near or on the intended DZ. It

has an adjustable harness and underarm inflation bladders. The life preserver is designed to keep the

wearer’s head above water at weights up to 250 pounds for up to 10 minutes. It is compatible with the

USAF C-9, T-10, and MC-4 parachute harness assemblies. It must be maintained in accordance with

TM 1-4220-252.

5-97. The life preserver is worn under the parachute harness. The harness is worn so that the inflatable

packets are under the parachutist’s arms. The manual inflating valves should be completely closed when

donning the life vest. The shoulder and waist straps are then adjusted to ensure the inflation packet is one

hand width beneath the armpit and not constrained by the parachute harness.

WARNING

If the inflation packets are too snug under the armpit, or if they

are between the harness and the parachutist’s body, the

parachutist may experience severe pain or crushed ribs during

inflation.

5-98. The parachutist inflates the flotation bladders by pulling two toggle cords (at the bottom of the vest),

which activate CO2 cartridges that fill the flotation bladders with gas. An alternate way to inflate the vest is

by blowing into the manual inflation valve rubber hoses located on the bottom side of the wings. Manual

inflation should only be used if the CO2 inflation valves fail to operate.

UNDERWATER DEMOLITION TEAM LIFE VEST

5-99. The underwater demolition team life vest is put on over the uniform before donning the parachute

(Figure 5-71, page 5-59). The vest is worn around the neck, with the straps passing under the arms and

fastened to the vest. The parachutist fits the life vest by performing the following steps:

Adjust the straps until snug to prevent movement of the vest during free fall and interference

with the red cutaway handle or the reserve ripcord handle.

Pass the parachute chest strap between the life vest and the body.

Secure the life vest with a lightweight retaining band around the middle to prevent interference

with the green cutaway handle and red reserve ripcord handle.

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Equipment and Weapon Rigging Procedures

Route the oral inflation tube through its retainer loop.

Screw the oral inflation tube knurled nut down in the open position to allow inflation.

The life vest has a manually activated CO2 actuator for immediate inflation or an oral inflation tube that

can be used to inflate the vest or to manage a slow leak.

WARNING

The parachutist must not wear the underwater demolition team

life vest with the flotation chamber worn between the parachute

chest strap and his body. Serious injury may result if inflated

when worn incorrectly. Parachutists must protect the activation

lanyard of the vest. Accidental inflation by the CO2 cartridges

may result in obstruction of the reserve ripcord and cutaway

handles.

Figure 5-71. Parachutist with underwater demolition team life vest

and MC-4 parachute harness

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Chapter 6

Aircraft Procedure Signals and Jump Commands

Aircraft noise, the MFF parachutist helmet, and the oxygen mask make verbal

communication extremely difficult. Therefore, the parachutist receives aircraft

procedure signals (Table 6-1, pages 6-1 and 6-2) and jump commands (Table 6-2,

pages 6-2 and 6-3) by hand-and-arm signals. The MFF parachutist must be thoroughly

familiar with all signals, and the commands and required actions for each one.

Standardization of procedural signals and jump commands permits interoperability of

all MFF-capable units. Safety significantly increases when the parachutist understands

the jumpmaster’s intent and the jumpmaster understands the parachutist’s desired

response.

AIRCRAFT PROCEDURE SIGNALS

6-1. Signals used between aircraft boarding and the jump command STAND UP are procedure signals. The

aircraft procedure signals discussed in the following paragraphs begin before takeoff. The jumpmaster

gives these signals.

Table 6-1. Aircraft procedure signals (oxygen and nonoxygen jumps)

Aircraft Procedure Signals

Jumpmaster Actions

Parachutist Actions

DON HELMETS

Gives command before takeoff or

Dons helmet, fastens chin strap, and

landing.

fastens seat belt.

*CAUTION

If the helmet is removed after the

JMPI, the jumpmaster ensures there

is no twist in the oxygen delivery

hose.

UNFASTEN SEAT BELTS

Normally gives command on reaching

Disconnects seat belts and stows it to

an altitude of 1,000 feet AGL or when

the left and right for easy retrieval.

notified by the flight crew that it is safe

to do so.

*MASK

*Turns on own console and masks.

*Turns on console.

*Secures mask to face and assures

proper attachment and seal. Checks

delivery of oxygen.

*CHECK OXYGEN

*Gives signal immediately following

*Checks own oxygen and returns

the command MASK and then

the thumbs-up signal to the

periodically.

jumpmaster. In the event of an

oxygen problem, extends arm

*Gives signal after the 20- and

straight forward, palm down.

10-minute warnings.

*These signals, commands, and actions are used only during oxygen jumps with prebreather.

*NOTE: Mask and oxygen checks will be determined by flight plan and mission profile when given.

*NOTE: Oxygen safety technician checks gauges.

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Table 6-1. Aircraft procedure signals (oxygen and nonoxygen jumps) (continued)

Aircraft Procedure Signals

Jumpmaster Actions

Parachutist Actions

TIME WARNING

*All parachutists must be awake.

20-Minute Warning

First pass attaches combat

equipment.

*CHECK OXYGEN

*Checks own oxygen and returns

the thumbs-up signal to the

jumpmaster. In the event of an

oxygen problem, extends arm

straight forward, palm down.

TIME WARNING

Ensures red jump/caution light is on.

Second pass attaches combat

10-Minute Warning

equipment.

WIND SPEED

Normally gives signal immediately

Receives a Military CYPRES 2 and pin

after the 10-minute warning, if known,

check, and passes the thumbs-up

and updates to remain current with the

signal from the last parachutist in the

DZ party’s information.

front of the aircraft to the rear, and

then to the jumpmaster.

*These signals, commands, and actions are used only during oxygen jumps with prebreather.

Table 6-2. Aircraft jump commands (oxygen and nonoxygen jumps)

Jump Commands

Jumpmaster Actions

Parachutist Actions

STAND UP

Gives command about 2 minutes before

Stands, faces the rear, and checks own

time on target (TOT).

equipment.

Checks the pins *and oxygen

(Oxygen or equipment jumps may require

pressure gauge of the man in front

additional time for this command only; all

and taps him to indicate he is OK. The

other commands remain the same.)

last two parachutists check each other.

*NOTE: During an oxygen jump, the

right hand should be on the ON/OFF

switch of the oxygen bailout bottle

and the left hand on the disconnect

for the console hose.

MOVE TO THE REAR

Gives command about 1 minute

Tightens shoulder straps of rucksack

before TOT.

and puts goggles down.

*Turns on oxygen bailout bottle and

disconnects from the console.

Moves to within 1 meter of the jump

door or to the hinge of the ramp.

STAND BY

Gives command about 15 seconds

Returns thumbs-up signal and moves to

before TOT.

1 foot of edge of ramp or door. Focuses

attention on jumpmaster.

Ensures green jump/caution light is on.

Exits the aircraft.

Ensures aircraft is over release point. Gives

command and proper hand-and-arm

signals.

ABORT

Gives command any time an unsafe

Returns to seat.

condition exists inside the aircraft or

*Reconnects to console and turns

on the DZ.

off oxygen bailout bottle.

Gives command when the red jump/caution

light is on.

*Reconnects own console and turns off

own oxygen bailout bottle.

*These signals, commands, and actions are used only during oxygen jumps with prebreather.

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Table 6-2. Aircraft jump commands (oxygen and nonoxygen jumps) (continued)

Jump Commands

Jumpmaster Actions

Parachutist Actions

*CHECK OXYGEN

*Checks own oxygen and returns the

thumbs-up signal to the jumpmaster.

In the event of an oxygen problem,

extends arm straight forward, palm

down.

*These signals, commands, and actions are used only during oxygen jumps with prebreather.

NOTE: There are no disarming procedures for the Military CYPRES 2. The jumpmaster must brief the pilots not to exceed

5,000 feet per minute as this descent rate is easy to remember and covers all three Military CYPRES 2 models.

DON HELMETS

6-2. The jumpmaster gives the signal DON HELMETS before takeoff (Figure 6-1). He may also give it

during the flight or if the aircraft is landing with the jumpers (for example, winds out of limits on the DZ or

mission aborted). Upon receiving this signal, the parachutist dons his helmet, fastens his chin strap, and

fastens his seat belt.

Figure 6-1. DON HELMETS signal

UNFASTEN SEAT BELTS

6-3. The jumpmaster normally gives the signal UNFASTEN SEAT BELTS upon reaching an altitude of

1,000 feet AGL or when the flight crew chief indicates that it is safe to do so (Figure 6-2, page 6-4). If the

aircraft descends back through 1,000 feet AGL later in the flight, the parachutist refastens his seat belt upon

receiving the command DON HELMETS.

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6-3

Aircraft Procedure Signals and Jump Commands

TIME WARNINGS

6-7. The jumpmaster receives time warnings from the flight crew. The jumpmaster signals the

TIME WARNINGS to the parachutist to allow him adequate time to prepare for the jump (Figure 6-7). The

parachutist normally receives the time warnings 20 minutes and 10 minutes before time on target.

Figure 6-7. TIME WARNINGS signal

WIND SPEED

6-8. The jumpmaster signals WIND SPEED after the 10-minute time warning (Figure 6-8, page 6-8). In

gusting wind conditions, the jumpmaster gives the wind speed signal first to indicate the lower wind speed.

He follows with the GUSTING WINDS signal to indicate the higher wind speed (Figure 6-9, page 6-9).

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6-7

Chapter 6

STAND UP

6-10. The jumpmaster commands STAND UP about 2 minutes before time on target (Figure 6-10). (Oxygen

or equipment jumps may require additional time for this command only; all other commands remain the

same.) Upon receiving this command, the parachutist stands up, receives pin check, faces the jumpmaster,

and checks his equipment. If jumping oxygen, the parachutist also places his right hand on the ON/OFF

valve of the bailout bottles and grasps with his left hand the console hose at the AIROX VIII.

Figure 6-10. STAND UP command

MOVE TO THE REAR

6-11. The jumpmaster commands MOVE TO THE REAR about 1 minute before time on target (Figure 6-11).

Upon receiving this command, the parachutist tightens the combat pack’s shoulder straps around his legs,

adjusts his goggles, and moves to within 1 meter of the jump door or to the hinge of the cargo ramp. If

jumping oxygen, the parachutist must activate the bailout oxygen system, check the flow indicator of the

AIROX VIII, and disconnect from the oxygen console before moving to the rear of the aircraft.

Figure 6-11. MOVE TO THE REAR command

STAND BY

6-12. The jumpmaster commands STAND BY about 15 seconds before the exit (Figure 6-12, page 6-11).

Upon receiving this signal, the parachutist signifies readiness by returning the jumpmaster’s signal and then

moves to the jump door or the cargo ramp.

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Chapter 7

Body Stabilization

The MFF parachutist must be able to exit an aircraft with his combat equipment, fall

on a designated heading, and manually deploy his main parachute without losing

stability. Body stabilization skills allow the parachutist to group in free fall, cover

small lateral distances with a rucksack, move off a lower parachutist’s back in free

fall, and turn to keep the DZ or group leader in sight. The MFF parachutist maintains

these skills through regular MFF jumps and periodic refresher training. This chapter

addresses the body stabilization skills needed to make a night tactical MFF jump with

combat equipment from oxygen altitudes. Appendixes B and C provide

recommendations for MFF proficiency training programs, and Appendix D covers

suggested sustained airborne training.

TABLETOP BODY STABILIZATION TRAINING

7-1. Any stable tabletop or flat surface can be used for body stabilization training. The parachutist lies on

his stomach on the tabletop. At the command GO, he lifts his arms and legs from the tabletop, assumes the

poised, box man, or diving exit position, then moves to the stable free-fall position (Figures 7-1 through 7-4,

pages 7-1 through 7-4). Controlled movement positions during free fall include turns, gliding, and altimeter

check (Figures 7-5 through 7-7, pages 7-4 and 7-5).

Figure 7-1. Poised exit position

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7-1

Body Stabilization

Figure 7-7. Altimeter check

MAIN RIPCORD PULL

7-2. The parachutist executes the main ripcord pull at the predesignated altitude. He looks at the main

ripcord handle on the right main lift web. He extends his left arm beyond his head with his hand held palm

down. He traces the main ripcord cable housing. He grasps the main ripcord handle with his right hand,

pulls the handle from the ripcord pocket, pulling the main ripcord cable to full-arm extension. Then he

raises his right shoulder to disrupt the partial vacuum while looking straight down. After canopy

deployment, he slips the main ripcord handle over his wrist.

7-3. When the parachutist uses night vision goggles (NVGs) to assist him during a night jump, the

pull sequence during opening will remain the same as without NVGs (Figure 7-8, page 7-6). The

parachutist will—

Look below the NVGs to identify and read the altimeter, ripcord, cutaway pillow, and reserve

ripcord handle when required during free-fall and canopy descent.

“Arch-Look-Trace-Grab” as normal. The counter hand will extend slightly more forward to

allow the head to be cradled under the parachutist’s arm in a manner that protects the NVGs

from inadvertent contact with the deploying pilot chute.

Pull the ripcord handle to full-arm extension while continuing to look straight down with the

counter arm in place to continue protecting the NVGs from a deploying pilot chute.

Not conduct a visual check of the pilot chute; the parachutist will raise his right shoulder in an

attempt to disrupt the partial vacuum while continuing to look straight down. He will attempt

this twice and only twice; if this is unsuccessful, he will perform cutaway procedures for a total

malfunction.

Note: Before pulling the main ripcord, the parachutist should ensure that he is not backsliding.

Backsliding could cause the pilot chute to move forward of the parachutist’s head and body.

Note: There are no special emergency procedures associated with the use of NVGs during MFF

operations. If a horseshoe malfunction occurs, the parachutist should make no attempt to clear

the malfunction and should immediately execute cutaway procedures.

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7-5

ATP 3-18.11 Special Forces Military Free-Fall Operations (October 2014) - page 2