JEPPESEN GENERAL AIRWAY MANUAL (Issue Date 1 JUL 21)

areas or along designated routes, shall comply with the provisions detailed in Annex 2, Chapter 3,
concerning the submission, completion, changing and closing of a flight plan.
9.2.1.2  In addition to the above, aircraft equipped with suitable two-way radio communications
shall report during the period twenty to forty minutes following the time of last contact, whatever
the purpose of such contact, merely to indicate that the flight is progressing according to plan,
such report to comprise identification of the aircraft and the words “Operations normal” or the
signal QRU.
9.2.1.3  The “Operations normal” message shall be transmitted air-ground to an appropriate air
traffic services unit (e.g., normally to the aeronautical telecommunication station serving the air
traffic services unit in charge of the FIR in which the aircraft is flying, otherwise to another aero-
nautical telecommunication station to be retransmitted as required to the air traffic services unit in
charge of the FIR).
9.2.1.4  It may be advisable, in case of a SAR operation of a substantial duration, to promulgate
by NOTAM the lateral and vertical limits of the area of SAR action, and to warn aircraft not
engaged in actual SAR operations and not controlled by air traffic control to avoid such areas
unless otherwise authorized by the appropriate ATS unit.

PHRASEOLOGIES

GENERAL

12.2.1  Most phraseologies contained in Section 12.3 of this Chapter show the text of a complete
message without call signs. They are not intended to be exhaustive, and when circumstances
differ, pilots, ATS personnel and other ground personnel will be expected to use plain language
which should be as clear and concise as possible, to the level specified in the ICAO language
proficiency requirements contained in Annex 1—Personnel Licensing (not published herein), in
order to avoid possible confusion by those persons using a language other than one of their
national languages.
12.2.2  The phraseologies are grouped according to types of air traffic service for convenience of
reference. However, users shall be familiar with, and use as necessary, phraseologies from
groups other than those referring specifically to the type of air traffic service being provided. All
phraseologies shall be used in conjunction with call signs (aircraft, ground vehicle, ATC or other)
as appropriate. In order that the phraseologies listed should be readily discernible in Section 12.3,
call signs have been omitted. Provisions for the compilation of RTF messages, call signs and pro-
cedures are contained in Annex 10, Volume II, Chapter 5.
12.2.3  Section 12.3 includes phrases for use by pilots, ATS personnel and other ground person-
nel.
12.2.4  During operations in or vertical transit through reduced vertical separation minimum
(RVSM) airspace with aircraft not approved for RVSM operations, pilots shall report non-approved
status in accordance with 12.3.1.12 c. as follows:

a. at initial call on any channel within RVSM airspace;
b. in all requests for level changes; and

12.2

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c. in all read-backs of level clearances.

12.2.5  Air traffic controllers shall explicitly acknowledge receipt of messages from aircraft report-
ing RVSM non-approved status.
12.2.6  Phraseologies for the movement of vehicles on the manoeuvring area shall be the same
as those used for the movement of aircraft, with the exception of taxi instructions, in which case
the word “PROCEED” shall be substituted for the word “TAXI” when communicating with vehicles.
12.2.7  Conditional phrases, such as “behind landing aircraft” or “after departing aircraft”, shall
not be used for movements affecting the active runway(s), except when the aircraft or vehicles
concerned are seen by the appropriate controller and pilot. The aircraft or vehicle causing the
condition in the clearance issued shall be the first aircraft/vehicle to pass in front of the other air-
craft concerned. In all cases a conditional clearance shall be given in the following order and con-
sist of:

a. identification;
b. the condition;

c. the clearance; and.

d. brief reiteration of the condition,

For Example: “SAS 941, BEHIND DC9 ON SHORT FINAL, LINE UP BEHIND”.
NOTE: This implies the need for the aircraft receiving the conditional clearance to identify the air-
craft or vehicle causing the conditional clearance.
12.2.8  The phraseology in Section 12.3 does not include phrases and regular radiotelephony
procedure words contained in Annex 10, Volume II.
12.2.9  Words in parentheses indicate that specific information, such as a level, a place or a
time, etc., must be inserted to complete the phrase, or alternatively that optional phrases may be
used. Words in square parentheses indicate optional additional words or information that may be
necessary in specific instances.
12.2.10  Examples of the application of the phraseologies may be found in the Manual of Radio-
telephony (Doc 9432).

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ATC PHRASEOLOGIES

General

CIRCUMSTANCES

PHRASEOLOGIES (Pilot Transmissions in Bold

Type)

12.3.1.1

Description of Levels (subse-
quently referred to as “(lev-
el)”)

a. FLIGHT LEVEL (number); or
b. (number) METRES; or

c. (number) FEET.

12.3.1.2

Level Changes, Reports and
Rates

a. CLIMB (or DESCEND); followed as necessary

by:

1. TO (level);

. . . instruction that a climb (or

descent) to a level within the

vertical range defined is to

commence

2. TO AND MAINTAIN BLOCK (level) TO

(level);

3. TO REACH (level) AT (or BY) (time or sig-

nificant point);

4. REPORT LEAVING (or REACHING, or

PASSING) (level);

5. AT (number) METRES PER SECOND (or

FEET PER MINUTE) [OR GREATER (or
OR LESS)];

. . . for SST aircraft only

6. REPORT STARTING ACCELERATION

(or DECELERATION).

b. MAINTAIN AT LEAST (number) METRES (or

FEET) ABOVE (or BELOW) (aircraft call sign);

c. REQUEST LEVEL (or FLIGHT LEVEL or ALTI-

TUDE) CHANGE FROM (name of unit) [AT
(time or significant point)];

d. STOP CLIMB (or DESCENT) AT (level);
e. CONTINUE CLIMB (or DESCENT) TO (level);

f. EXPEDITE CLIMB (or DESCENT) [UNTIL

PASSING (level)];

g. WHEN READY CLIMB (or DESCEND) TO (lev-

el);

h. EXPECT CLIMB (or DESCENT) AT (time or

significant point);

REQUEST DESCENT AT (time);

12.3

12.3.1

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CIRCUMSTANCES

PHRASEOLOGIES (Pilot Transmissions in Bold

Type)

. . . to require action at a spe-

cific time or place

j. IMMEDIATELY;

k. AFTER PASSING (significant point);

l. AT (time or significant point);

. . . to require action when con-

venient

m. WHEN READY (instruction);

. . . to require an aircraft to

climb or descend maintaining

own separation and VMC

n. MAINTAIN OWN SEPARATION AND VMC

[FROM (level)] [TO (level)];

o. MAINTAIN OWN SEPARATION AND VMC

ABOVE (or BELOW, or TO) (level);

. . . when there is doubt that an

aircraft can comply with a

clearance or instruction

p. IF UNABLE (alternative instructions) AND AD-

VISE;

. . . when a pilot is unable to

comply with a clearance or in-

struction

UNABLE;

. . . after a flight crew starts to

deviate from any ATC clear-

ance or instruction to comply

with an ACAS resolution advi-
sory (pilot and controller inter-

change)

TCAS RA

s. ROGER;

. . . after the response to an

ACAS RA is completed and a

return to the ATC clearance or

instruction is initiated (pilot and

controller interchange)

CLEAR OF CONFLICT, RETURNING TO (as-
signed clearance);

u. ROGER (or alternative instructions);

. . . after the response to an

ACAS RA is completed and the

assigned ATC clearance or in-

struction has been resumed

(Pilot and controller inter-

change)

CLEAR OF CONFLICT (assigned clearance),
RESUMED;

w. ROGER (or alternative instructions);

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CIRCUMSTANCES

PHRASEOLOGIES (Pilot Transmissions in Bold

Type)

. . . after an ATC clearance or

instruction contradictory to the

ACAS RA is received, the flight

crew will follow the RA and in-

form ATC directly (Pilot and

controller interchange)

UNABLE, TCAS RA;

y. ROGER;

. . . clearance to climb on a SID

which has published level

and/or speed restrictions,

where the pilot is to climb to

the cleared level and comply

with published level restric-

tions, follow the lateral profile

of the SID and comply with

published speed restrictions or

ATC issued speed control in-

structions as applicable .

z. CLIMB VIA SID TO (level).

. . . clearance to cancel level

restriction(s) of the vertical pro-

file of a SID during climb

aa. [CLIMB VIA SID TO (level)], CANCEL LEVEL

RESTRICTION(S);

. . . clearance to cancel level

restriction(s) of the vertical pro-

file of a STAR during descent

bb. [CLIMB VIA SID TO (level)], RESTRICTION(S)

AT (point(s));

. . . clearance to cancel speed

restrictions of a SID during

climb

cc. [CLIMB VIA SID TO (level)], CANCEL SPEED

RESTRICTION(S);

. . . clearance to cancel specific

speed restrictions of a SID dur-

ing climb

dd. [CLIMB VIA SID TO (level)], CANCEL SPEED

RESTRICTION(S) AT (point(s));

. . . clearance to climb and to

cancel speed and level restric-

tions of a SID

ee. CLIMB UNRESTRICTED TO (level) (or) CLIMB

TO (level), CANCEL LEVEL AND SPEED RE-
STRICTIONS;

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CIRCUMSTANCES

PHRASEOLOGIES (Pilot Transmissions in Bold

Type)

. . . clearance to descend on a

STAR which has published lev-

el and/or speed restrictions,

where the pilot is to descend to

the cleared level and comply

with published level restric-

tions, follow the lateral profile
of the STAR and comply with

published speed restrictions or

ATC issued speed control in-

structions.

ff. DESCEND VIA STAR TO (level);

. . . clearance to cancel level

restrictions of a STAR during

descent

gg. [DESCEND VIA STAR TO (level)] , CANCEL

LEVEL RESTRICTION(S);

. . . clearance to cancel specific

level restrictions of a STAR

during descent

hh. [DESCEND VIA STAR TO (level)], CANCEL

LEVEL RESTRICTION(S) AT (point(s));

. . . clearance to cancel speed

restrictions of a STAR during

descent

ii. [DESCEND VIA STAR TO (level)] , CANCEL

SPEED RESTRICTION(S);

. . . clearance to cancel specific

speed restrictions of a STAR

during descent

jj. [DESCEND VIA STAR TO (level)], CANCEL

SPEED RESTRICTION(S) AT (point(s));

. . . clearance to descend and

to cancel speed and level re-

strictions of a STAR

kk. DESCEND UNRESTRICTED TO (level) or DE-

SCEND TO (level), CANCEL LEVEL AND
SPEED RESTRICTIONS.

12.3.1.3

Minimum Fuel

. . . indication of minimum fuel

MINIMUM FUEL

b. ROGER [NO DELAY EXPECTED

or EXPECT

(delay information)].

12.3.1.4

Transfer of Control and/or
Frequency Change

a. CONTACT (unit call sign) (frequency) [NOW];
b. AT (or OVER) (time or place) [or WHEN]

[PASSING/LEAVING/REACHING (level)] CON-
TACT (unit call sign) (frequency);

c. IF NO CONTACT (instructions);

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CIRCUMSTANCES

PHRASEOLOGIES (Pilot Transmissions in Bold

Type)

NOTE: An aircraft may be re-
quested to “STAND BY” on a
frequency when it is intended
that the ATS unit will initiate
communications soon and to
“MONITOR” a frequency when
information is being broadcast
thereon.

d. STAND-BY FOR (unit call sign) (frequency);
e.

REQUEST CHANGE TO (frequency);

f. FREQUENCY CHANGE APPROVED;

g. MONITOR (unit call sign) (frequency);
h.

MONITORING (frequency);

i. WHEN READY CONTACT (unit call sign) (fre-

quency);

j. REMAIN THIS FREQUENCY.

12.3.1.5

8.33 kHz Channel Spacing
NOTE: In this paragraph, the
term “point” is used only in the
context of naming the 8.33 kHz
channel spacing concept and
does not constitute any change
to existing ICAO provisions or
phraseology regarding the use
of the term “decimal.”

. . . to request confirmation of

8.33 kHz capability

a. CONFIRM EIGHT POINT THREE THREE;

. . . to indicate 8.33 kHz capa-

bility

AFFIRM EIGHT POINT THREE THREE;

. . . to indicate lack of 8.33 kHz

capability

NEGATIVE EIGHT POINT THREE THREE;

. . . to request UHF capability

d. CONFIRM UHF;

. . . to indicate UHF capability

AFFIRM UHF;

. . . to indicate lack of UHF ca-

pability

NEGATIVE UHF;

. . . to request status in respect

of 8.33 kHz exemption

g. CONFIRM EIGHT POINT THREE THREE EX-

EMPTED;

. . . to indicate 8.33 kHz ex-

empted status

AFFIRM EIGHT POINT THREE THREE EX-
EMPTED;

. . . to indicate 8.33 kHz non-

exempted status

NEGATIVE EIGHT POINT THREE THREE EX-
EMPTED.

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CIRCUMSTANCES

PHRASEOLOGIES (Pilot Transmissions in Bold

Type)

. . . to indicate that a certain

clearance is given because

otherwise a non-equipped

and/or non-exempted aircraft

would enter airspace of man-

datory carriage

j. DUE EIGHT POINT THREE THREE RE-

QUIREMENT.

12.3.1.6

Change of Call Sign

. . . to instruct an aircraft to

change its type of call sign

a. CHANGE YOUR CALL SIGN TO (new call

sign) [UNTIL FURTHER ADVISED];

. . . to advise an aircraft to re-

vert to the call sign indicated in

the flight plan

b. REVERT TO FLIGHT PLAN CALL SIGN (call

sign) [AT (significant point)].

12.3.1.7

Traffic Information

a. TRAFFIC (information);

. . . to pass traffic information

b. NO REPORTED TRAFFIC;

. . . to acknowledge traffic infor-

mation

LOOKING OUT;

TRAFFIC IN SIGHT;

NEGATIVE CONTACT [reasons];

f. [ADDITIONAL] TRAFFIC (direction) BOUND

(type of aircraft) (level) ESTIMATED (or OVER)
(significant point) AT (time);

g. TRAFFIC IS (classification) UNMANNED FREE

BALLOON(S) WAS [or ESTIMATED] OVER
(place) AT (time) REPORTED (level(s)) [or
LEVEL UNKNOWN] MOVING (direction) (other
pertinent information, if any).

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CIRCUMSTANCES

PHRASEOLOGIES (Pilot Transmissions in Bold

Type)

12.3.1.8

Meteorological Conditions

a. [SURFACE] WIND (number) DEGREES

(speed) (units);

b. WIND AT (level) (number) DEGREES (number)

KILOMETRES PER HOUR (or KNOTS);
NOTE: Wind is always expressed by giving the
mean direction and speed and any significant
variations thereof.

c. VISIBILITY (distance) (units) [direction];

d. RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (or RVR) [RUN-

WAY (number)] (distance) (units);

e. RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (or RVR) [RUN-

WAY (number)] NOT AVAILABLE (or NOT RE-
PORTED);

. . . for multiple RVR observa-

tions

f. RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (or RVR) [RUN-

WAY (number)] (first position) (distance)
(units), (second position) (distance) (units),
(third position) (distance) (units);

NOTE 1: Multiple RVR observations are always rep-

resentative of the touchdown zone, midpoint zone
and the roll-out / stop end zone respectively.
NOTE 2: Where reports for three locations are giv-
en, the indication of these locations may be omitted,
provided that the reports are passed in the order of
touchdown zone, followed by the midpoint zone and
ending with the roll-out/stop end zone report.

. . . in the event that RVR infor-

mation on any one position is

not available this information

will be included in the appropri-

ate sequence

g. RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (or RVR) [RUN-

WAY (number)] (first position) (distance)
(units), (second position) NOT AVAILABLE,
(third position) (distance) (units);

h. PRESENT WEATHER (details);

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CIRCUMSTANCES

PHRASEOLOGIES (Pilot Transmissions in Bold

Type)

i. CLOUD (amount, [(type)] and height of base)

(units) (or SKY CLEAR);
NOTE: Details of the means to describe the
amount and type of cloud are in Chapter 11,
11.4.3.2.3.

j. CAVOK;

NOTE: CAVOK pronounced CAV-O-KAY.

k. TEMPERATURE [MINUS] (number) (and/or

DEW-POINT [MINUS] (number));

l. QNH (number) [(units)];

m. QFE (number) [(units)];

n. (aircraft type) REPORTED (description) ICING

(or TURBULENCE) [IN CLOUD] (area) (time);

o. REPORT FLIGHT CONDITIONS.

12.3.1.9

Position Reporting

a. NEXT REPORT AT (significant point);

. . . to omit position reports until

a specified position

b. OMIT POSITION REPORTS [UNTIL (specify)];

c. RESUME POSITION REPORTING.

12.3.1.10 Additional Reports

a. REPORT PASSING (significant point);

. . . to request a report at a
specified place or distance

b. REPORT (distance) MILES (GNSS or DME)

FROM (name of DME station) (or significant
point);

. . . to report at a specified

place or distance

c. (

distance) MILES (GNSS or DME) FROM

(

name of DME station) (or significant point);

d. REPORT PASSING (three digits) RADIAL

(name of VOR) VOR;

. . . to request a report of

present position

e. REPORT (GNSS or DME) DISTANCE FROM

(significant point) or (name of DME station);

. . . to report present position

f. (

distance) MILES (GNSS or DME) FROM

(name of DME station) (or significant point).

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CIRCUMSTANCES

PHRASEOLOGIES (Pilot Transmissions in Bold

Type)

12.3.1.11 Aerodrome Information

(Applicable as of 5 November
2020)
NOTE 1: — See 11.4.3.4.3 for
requirements for passing run-
way condition reports (RCRs)
to pilots.
NOTE 2: — This information is
provided for runway thirds or
the full runway, as applicable.

a. [(location)] RUNWAY (number) SURFACE

CONDITION [CODE (three digit number)] fol-
lowed as necessary by:

1. ISSUED AT (date and time UTC;)
2. DRY, or WET ICE, or WATER ON TOP

OF COMPACTED SNOW, or DRY
SNOW, or DRY SNOW ON TOP OF ICE,
or WET SNOW ON TOP OF ICE, or ICE,
or SLUSH, or STANDING WATER, or
COMPACTED SNOW, or WET SNOW, or
DRY SNOW ON TOP OF COMPACTED
SNOW, or WET SNOW ON TOP OF
COMPACTED SNOW, or WET, or
FROST;

3. DEPTH ((depth of deposit) MILLIME-

TERS or NOT REPORTED);

4. COVERAGE ((number) PERCENT or

NOT REPORTED);

5. ESTIMATED SURFACE FRICTION

(GOOD, or GOOD TO MEDIUM, or ME-
DIUM, or MEDIUM TO POOR, or POOR,
or LESS THAN POOR);

6. AVAILABLE WIDTH (number) METERS;
7. LENGTH REDUCED TO (number) ME-

TERS;

8. DRIFTING SNOW;
9. LOOSE SAND;

10. CHEMICALLY TREATED;
11. SNOWBANK (number) METERS [LEFT,

or RIGHT, or LEFT AND RIGHT] [OF or
FROM] CENTERLINE;

12. TAXIWAY (identification of taxiway)

SNOWBANK (number) METERS [LEFT,
or RIGHT, or LEFT AND RIGHT] [OF or
FROM] CENTERLINE;

13. ADJACENT SNOWBANKS;

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CIRCUMSTANCES

PHRASEOLOGIES (Pilot Transmissions in Bold

Type)

14. TAXIWAY (identification of taxiway)

POOR;

15. APRON (identification of apron) POOR;
16. Plain language remarks;

b. [(location)] RUNWAY SURFACE CONDITION

RUNWAY (number) NOT CURRENT;

c. LANDING SURFACE (condition);

d. CAUTION CONSTRUCTION WORK (location);
e. CAUTION (specify reasons) RIGHT (or LEFT),

(or BOTH SIDES) OF RUNWAY [(number)];

f. CAUTION WORK IN PROGRESS (or OB-

STRUCTION) (position and any necessary ad-
vice);

g. BRAKING ACTION REPORTED BY (aircraft

type) AT (time) GOOD (or GOOD TO MEDIUM,
or MEDIUM, or MEDIUM TO POOR, or POOR);

h. TAXIWAY (identification of taxiway) WET [or

STANDING WATER, or SNOW REMOVED
(length and width as applicable), or CHEMI-
CALLY TREATED, or COVERED WITH
PATCHES OF DRY SNOW (or WET SNOW, or
COMPACTED SNOW, or SLUSH, or FROZEN
SLUSH, or ICE, or WET ICE, or ICE UNDER-
NEATH, or ICE AND SNOW, or SNOW-
DRIFTS, or FROZEN RUTS AND RIDGES or
LOOSE SAND)];

i. TOWER OBSERVES (weather information);
j. PILOT REPORTS (weather information);

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CIRCUMSTANCES

PHRASEOLOGIES (Pilot Transmissions in Bold

Type)

12.3.1.12 Operational Status of Visual

and Non-Visual Aids

a. (specify visual or non-visual aid) RUNWAY

(number) (description of deficiency);

b. (type) LIGHTING (unserviceability)

c. GBAS/SBAS/MLS/ILS CATEGORY (category)

(serviceability state);

d. TAXIWAY LIGHTING (description of deficien-

cy);

e. (type of visual approach slope indicator) RUN-

WAY (number) (description of deficiency);

12.3.1.13 Reduced Vertical Separation

Minimum (RVSM) Operations

. . . to ascertain RVSM appro-

val status of an aircraft

a. CONFIRM RVSM APPROVED;

. . . to report RVSM approved

status

AFFIRM RVSM;

. . . to report RVSM non-ap-

proved status followed by sup-

plementary information

NEGATIVE RVSM [(supplementary informa-
tion, e.g. State Aircraft)];

NOTE: See 12.2.4 and 12.2.5
for procedures relating to oper-
ations in RVSM airspace by
aircraft with non-approved sta-
tus.

. . . to deny ATC clearance into

RVSM airspace

d. UNABLE ISSUE CLEARANCE INTO RVSM

AIRSPACE, MAINTAIN [or DESCEND TO, or
CLIMB TO] (level);

. . . to report when severe tur-

bulence affects the capability of

an aircraft to maintain height-

keeping requirements for

RVSM

UNABLE RVSM DUE TURBULENCE;

. . . to report that the equipment

of an aircraft has degraded be-

low minimum aviation system

performance standards

UNABLE RVSM DUE EQUIPMENT;

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CIRCUMSTANCES

PHRASEOLOGIES (Pilot Transmissions in Bold

Type)

. . . to request an aircraft to

provide information as soon as

RVSM-approved status has

been regained or the pilot is

ready to resume RVSM opera-

tions

g. REPORT WHEN ABLE TO RESUME RVSM;

. . . to request confirmation that

an aircraft has regained

RVSM-approved status or a pi-

lot is ready to resume RVSM

operations

h. CONFIRM ABLE TO RESUME RVSM;

. . . to report ability to resume

RVSM operations after an

equipment or weather-related

contingency

READY TO RESUME RVSM.

12.3.1.14 GNSS Service Status

a. GNSS REPORTED UNRELIABLE (or GNSS

MAY NOT BE AVAILABLE [DUE TO INTER-
FERENCE]);

1. IN THE VICINITY OF (location) (radius)

[BETWEEN (levels)]; or

2. IN THE AREA OF (description) (or IN

(name) FIR) [BETWEEN (levels)];

b. BASIC GNSS (or SBAS, or GBAS) UNAVAILA-

BLE FOR (specify operation) [FROM (time) TO
(time) (or UNTIL FURTHER NOTICE)];

BASIC GNSS UNAVAILABLE [DUE TO (rea-
son, e.g.

LOSS OF RAIM or RAIM ALERT)];

GBAS (or SBAS) UNAVAILABLE;

e. CONFIRM GNSS NAVIGATION; and

AFFIRM GNSS NAVIGATION.

12.3.1.15 Degradation of Aircraft Navi-

gation Performance

UNABLE RNP (specify type) (or RNAV) [DUE TO
(reason, e.g. LOSS OF RAIM or RAIM ALERT)].

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Area Control Services

CIRCUMSTANCES

PHRASEOLOGIES (Pilot Transmissions in Bold

Type)

12.3.2.1 Issuance of a Clearance

a. (name of unit) CLEARS (aircraft call sign);
b. (aircraft call sign) CLEARED TO;

c. RECLEARED (amended clearance details)

[REST OF CLEARANCE UNCHANGED];

d. RECLEARED (amended route portion) TO (sig-

nificant point of original route) [REST OF
CLEARANCE UNCHANGED];

e. ENTER CONTROLLED AIRSPACE (or CON-

TROL ZONE) [VIA (significant point or route)]
AT (level) [AT (time)];

f. LEAVE CONTROLLED AIRSPACE (or CON-

TROL ZONE) [VIA (significant point or route)]
AT (level) (or CLIMBING, or DESCENDING);

g. JOIN (specify) AT (significant point) AT (level)

[AT (time)].

12.3.2.2 Indication of Route and Clear-

ance Limit

a. FROM (location) TO (location);
b. TO (location), followed as necessary by:

1. DIRECT;
2. VIA (route and/or significant points);
3. FLIGHT PLANNED ROUTE;

NOTE: Conditions associated with the use
of this phrase are in Chapter 4, 4.5.7.2.

4. VIA (distance) DME ARC (direction) OF

(name of DME station);

c. (route) NOT AVAILABLE DUE (reason) AL-

TERNATIVE[S] IS/ARE (routes) ADVISE.

12.3.2

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PHRASEOLOGIES (Pilot Transmissions in Bold

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12.3.2.3 Maintenance of Specified Lev-

els

a. MAINTAIN (level) [TO (significant point)];
b. MAINTAIN (level) UNTIL PASSING (significant

point);

c. MAINTAIN (level) UNTIL (minutes) AFTER

PASSING (significant point);

d. MAINTAIN (level) UNTIL (time);
e. MAINTAIN (level) UNTIL ADVISED BY (name

of unit);

f. MAINTAIN (level) UNTIL FURTHER ADVISED;

g. MAINTAIN (level) WHILE IN CONTROLLED

AIRSPACE;

h. MAINTAIN BLOCK (level) TO (level).

NOTE: The term “MAINTAIN” is not to be used
in lieu of “DESCEND” or “CLIMB” when in-
structing an aircraft to change level.

12.3.2.4 Specification of Cruising Lev-

els

a. CROSS (significant point) AT (or ABOVE, or

BELOW) (level);

b. CROSS (significant point) AT (time) OR LATER

(or BEFORE) AT (level);

c. CRUISE CLIMB BETWEEN (levels) (or

ABOVE) (level);

d. CROSS (distance) MILES, (GNSS or DME)

[(direction)] OF (name of DME station) OR (dis-
tance) [(direction)] OF (significant point) AT (or
ABOVE or BELOW) (level).

12.3.2.5 Emergency Descent

EMERGENCY DESCENT (intentions);

b. ATTENTION ALL AIRCRAFT IN THE VICINITY

OF [or AT] (significant point or location) EMER-
GENCY DESCENT IN PROGRESS FROM
(level) (followed as necessary by specific in-
structions, clearances, traffic information, etc.).

12.3.2.6 If Clearance Cannot be Issued

Immediately upon Request

EXPECT CLEARANCE (or type of clearance) AT
(time).

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PHRASEOLOGIES (Pilot Transmissions in Bold

Type)

12.3.2.7 When Clearance for Deviation

Cannot be Issued

UNABLE, TRAFFIC (direction) BOUND (type of air-
craft) (level) ESTIMATED (or OVER) (significant
point) AT (time) CALL SIGN (call sign) ADVISE IN-
TENTIONS.

12.3.2.8 Separation Instructions

a. CROSS (significant point) AT (time) [OR LAT-

ER (or OR BEFORE)];

b. ADVISE IF ABLE TO CROSS (significant point)

AT (time);

c. MAINTAIN MACH (number) [OR GREATER (or

OR LESS)] [UNTIL (significant point)];

d. DO NOT EXCEED MACH (number);
e. CONFIRM ESTABLISHED ON THE TRACK

BETWEEN (significant point) AND (significant
point) [WITH ZERO OFFSET];

ESTABLISHED ON THE TRACK BETWEEN
(significant point) AND (significant point)
[WITH ZERO OFFSET];

g. MAINTAIN TRACK BETWEEN (significant

point) AND (significant point). REPORT ES-
TABLISHED ON THE TRACK;

ESTABLISHED ON THE TRACK;

NOTE: When used to apply a
lateral VOR/GNSS separation
confirmation of zero offset is re-
quired.

i. CONFIRM ZERO OFFSET;
j.

AFFIRM ZERO OFFSET.

12.3.2.9 Instructions Associated with

Flying a Track (Offset), Paral-
lel to the Cleared Route

a. ADVISE IF ABLE TO PROCEED PARALLEL

OFFSET;

b. PROCEED OFFSET (distance) RIGHT/LEFT

OF (route) (track) [CENTRE LINE] [AT (signifi-
cant point or time)] [UNTIL (significant point or
time)];

c. CANCEL OFFSET (instructions to rejoin

cleared flight route or other information).

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Approach Control Services

CIRCUMSTANCES

PHRASEOLOGIES (Pilot Transmissions in Bold

Type)

12.3.3.1 Departure Instructions

a. [AFTER DEPARTURE] TURN RIGHT (or

LEFT) HEADING (three digits) (or CONTINUE
RUNWAY HEADING) (or TRACK EXTENDED
CENTRE LINE) TO (level or significant point)
[(other instructions as required)];

b. AFTER REACHING (or PASSING) (level or

significant point) (instructions);

c. TURN RIGHT (or LEFT) HEADING (three dig-

its) TO (level) [TO INTERCEPT (track, route,
airway, etc.)];

d. (standard departure name and number) DE-

PARTURE;

e. TRACK (three digits) DEGREES [MAGNETIC

(or TRUE)] TO (or FROM) (significant point)
UNTIL (time, or REACHING (fix or significant
point or level)) [BEFORE PROCEEDING ON
COURSE];

f. CLEARED (designation) DEPARTURE;

NOTE: Conditions associated with the use of
this phrase are in Chapter 4, 4.5.7.2.

. . . clearance to proceed direct

with advance notice of a future

instruction to rejoin the SID

g. CLEARED DIRECT (waypoint), CLIMB TO

(level), EXPECT TO REJOIN SID [(SID desig-
nator)] [AT (waypoint)],
then
REJOIN SID (SID designator) AT (waypoint);

h. CLEARED DIRECT (waypoint), CLIMB TO

(level),
then
REJOIN SID (SID designator) AT (waypoint).

12.3.3.2 Approach Instructions

a. CLEARED (designation) ARRIVAL;
b. CLEARED TO (clearance limit) (designation);

c. CLEARED (or PROCEED) (details of route to

be followed);

12.3.3

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PHRASEOLOGIES (Pilot Transmissions in Bold

Type)

. . . clearance to proceed direct

with advance notice of a future

instruction to rejoin the STAR

d. CLEARED DIRECT (waypoint), DESCEND TO

(level), EXPECT TO REJOIN STAR [(STAR
designator)] AT (waypoint),
then
REJOIN STAR [(STAR designator)] [AT (way-
point)];

e. CLEARED DIRECT (waypoint), DESCEND TO

(level),
then
REJOIN STAR (STAR designator) AT (way-
point);

f. CLEARED (type of approach) APPROACH

[RUNWAY (number)];

g. CLEARED (type of approach) RUNWAY (num-

ber) FOLLOWED BY CIRCLING TO RUNWAY
(number);

h. CLEARED APPROACH [RUNWAY (number)];

i. COMMENCE APPROACH AT (time);
j.

REQUEST STRAIGHT-IN [(type of ap-
proach)] APPROACH [RUNWAY (number)];

k. CLEARED STRAIGHT-IN [(type of approach)]

APPROACH [RUNWAY (number)];

l. REPORT VISUAL:

m. REPORT RUNWAY [LIGHTS] IN SIGHT;

. . . when a pilot requests a visu-

al approach

REQUEST VISUAL APPROACH;

o. CLEARED VISUAL APPROACH RUNWAY

(number);

. . . to request if a pilot is able to

accept a visual approach

NOTE: See 6.5.3 for provisions
relating to visual approach pro-
cedures.

p. ADVISE ABLE TO ACCEPT VISUAL AP-

PROACH RUNWAY (number);

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CIRCUMSTANCES

PHRASEOLOGIES (Pilot Transmissions in Bold

Type)

. . . in case of successive visual

approaches when the pilot of a

succeeding aircraft has reported

having the preceding aircraft in

sight

q. CLEARED VISUAL APPROACH RUNWAY

(number), MAINTAIN OWN SEPARATION
FROM PRECEDING (aircraft type and wake
turbulence category as appropriate) [CAU-
TION WAKE TURBULENCE];

r. REPORT (significant point); [OUTBOUND, or

INBOUND];

s. REPORT COMMENCING PROCEDURE

TURN;

REQUEST VMC DESCENT;

u. MAINTAIN OWN SEPARATION;

v. MAINTAIN VMC;

w. ARE YOU FAMILIAR WITH (name) AP-

PROACH PROCEDURE;

REQUEST (type of approach) APPROACH
[RUNWAY (number)];

REQUEST (MLS/RNAV plain-language des-
ignator);

z. CLEARED (MLS/RNAV plain-language desig-

nator).

12.3.3.3 Holding Clearances

. . . visual

a. HOLD VISUAL [OVER] (position), (or BE-

TWEEN (two prominent landmarks));

. . . published holding procedure

over a facility or fix

b. CLEARED (or PROCEED) TO (significant

point, name of facility or fix) [MAINTAIN (or
CLIMB or DESCEND TO) (level) HOLD [(direc-
tion)] AS PUBLISHED EXPECT APPROACH
CLEARANCE (or FURTHER CLEARANCE) AT
(time);

REQUEST HOLDING INSTRUCTIONS;

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PHRASEOLOGIES (Pilot Transmissions in Bold

Type)

. . . when a detailed holding

clearance is required

d. CLEARED (or PROCEED) TO (significant

point, name of facility or fix) [(MAINTAIN (or
CLIMB or DESCEND TO) (level)] HOLD [(di-
rection)] [(specified) RADIAL, COURSE, IN-
BOUND TRACK (three digits) DEGREES]
[RIGHT (or LEFT) HAND PATTERN] [OUT-
BOUND TIME (number) MINUTES] EXPECT
APPROACH CLEARANCE (or FURTHER
CLEARANCE) AT (time) (additional instruc-
tions, if necessary);

e. CLEARED TO THE (three digits) RADIAL OF

THE (name) VOR AT (distance) DME FIX
[MAINTAIN (or CLIMB or DESCEND TO) (lev-
el)] HOLD [(direction)] [RIGHT (or LEFT) HAND
PATTERN] [OUTBOUND TIME (number) MI-
NUTES] EXPECT APPROACH CLEARANCE
(or FURTHER CLEARANCE) AT (time) (addi-
tional instructions, if necessary);

f. CLEARED TO THE (three digits) RADIAL OF

THE (name) VOR AT (distance) DME FIX
[MAINTAIN (or CLIMB or DESCEND TO) (lev-
el)] HOLD BETWEEN (distance) AND (dis-
tance) DME [RIGHT (or LEFT) HAND PAT-
TERN] EXPECT APPROACH CLEARANCE (or
FURTHER CLEARANCE) AT (time) (additional
instructions, if necessary);

12.3.3.4 Expected Approach Time

a. NO DELAY EXPECTED;

b. EXPECTED APPROACH TIME (time);

c. REVISED EXPECTED APPROACH TIME

(time);

d. DELAY NOT DETERMINED (reasons).

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Phraseologies for use on and in the Vicinity of the Aerodrome

CIRCUMSTANCES

PHRASEOLOGIES (Pilot Transmissions in Bold

Type)

12.3.4.1

Identification of Aircraft

SHOW LANDING LIGHTS.

12.3.4.2

Acknowledgment by Visual
Means

a. ACKNOWLEDGE BY MOVING AILERONS (or

RUDDER);

b. ACKNOWLEDGE BY ROCKING WINGS;

c. ACKNOWLEDGE BY FLASHING LANDING

LIGHTS.

12.3.4.3

Starting Procedures

. . . to request permission to

start engines

[aircraft location] REQUEST START UP;

[aircraft location] REQUEST START UP, IN-
FORMATION (ATIS identification);

. . . ATC replies

c. START UP APPROVED;

d. START UP AT (time);
e. EXPECT START UP AT (time);

f. START UP AT OWN DISCRETION;

g. EXPECT DEPARTURE (time) START UP AT

OWN DISCRETION.

12.3.4.4

Pushback Procedures

NOTE: When local procedures
so prescribe, authorization for
pushback should be obtained
from the control tower.

. . . aircraft/ATC

[aircraft location] REQUEST PUSHBACK;

b. PUSHBACK APPROVED;

c. STANDBY;

d. PUSHBACK AT OWN DISCRETION;
e. EXPECT (number) MINUTES DELAY DUE

(reason);

12.3.4.5

Towing Procedures

* REQUEST TOW [company name] (aircraft
type) FROM (location) TO (location);

12.3.4

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PHRASEOLOGIES (Pilot Transmissions in Bold

Type)

. . . ATC response

b. TOW APPROVED VIA (specific routing to be

followed);

c. HOLD POSITION;

d. STANDBY.

* Denotes Transmission from Aircraft/Tow Vehicle
Combination

12.3.4.6

To Request Time Check
and/or Aerodrome Data for
Departure

REQUEST TIME CHECK;

b. TIME (time)

. . . when no ATIS broadcast is

available

REQUEST DEPARTURE INFORMATION;

d. RUNWAY (number), WIND (direction and

speed) (units), QNH (or QFE) (number) [(units)]
TEMPERATURE [MINUS] (number), [VISIBILI-
TY (distance) (units) (or RUNWAY VISUAL
RANGE (or RVR) (distance) (units))] [(TIME
(time)].
NOTE: If multiple visibility and RVR observa-
tions are available, those that represent the
roll-out/stop end zone should be used for take-
off.

12.3.4.7

Taxi Procedures

. . . for departure

[aircraft type] [wake turbulence category if
“super” or “heavy”] [aircraft location] RE-
QUEST TAXI [intentions];

[aircraft type] [wake turbulence category if
“super” or “heavy”] [aircraft location] (flight
rules) TO (aerodrome of destination) RE-
QUEST TAXI [intentions];

c. TAXI TO HOLDING POINT [number] [RUN-

WAY (number)] [HOLD SHORT OF RUNWAY
(number) (or CROSS RUNWAY (number))]
[TIME (time)];

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CIRCUMSTANCES

PHRASEOLOGIES (Pilot Transmissions in Bold

Type)

. . . where detailed taxi instruc-

tions are required

[aircraft type] [wake turbulence category if
“super” or “heavy”] REQUEST DETAILED
TAXI INSTRUCTIONS;

e. TAXI TO HOLDING POINT [(number)] [RUN-

WAY (number)] VIA (specific route to be fol-
lowed) [TIME (time)] [HOLD SHORT OF RUN-
WAY (number)] (or CROSS RUNWAY (num-
ber))];

. . . where aerodrome informa-

tion is not available from an al-

ternative source such as ATIS

f. TAXI TO HOLDING POINT [(number)] (fol-

lowed by aerodrome information as applicable)
[TIME (minutes)];

g. TAKE (or TURN) FIRST (or SECOND) LEFT

(or RIGHT);

h. TAXI VIA (identification of taxiway);

i. TAXI VIA RUNWAY (number);
j. TAXI TO TERMINAL (or other location, e.g.

GENERAL AVIATION AREA) [STAND (num-
ber)];

. . . for helicopter operations

REQUEST AIR-TAXIING FROM (or VIA) TO
(location or routing as appropriate);

l. AIR-TAXI TO (or VIA) (location or routing as

appropriate) [CAUTION (dust, blowing snow,
loose debris, taxiing light aircraft, personnel,
etc.)];

m. AIR-TAXI VIA (direct, as requested, or speci-

fied route) TO (location, heliport, operating or
movement area, active or inactive runway).
AVOID (aircraft or vehicles or personnel);

. . . after landing

REQUEST BACKTRACK;

o. BACKTRACK APPROVED;
p. BACKTRACK RUNWAY (number);

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CIRCUMSTANCES

PHRASEOLOGIES (Pilot Transmissions in Bold

Type)

. . . general

[aircraft location] REQUEST TAXI TO (des-
tination on aerodrome);

r. TAXI STRAIGHT AHEAD;

s. TAXI WITH CAUTION;

t. GIVE WAY TO (description and position of

other aircraft);

GIVING WAY TO (traffic);

TRAFFIC (or type of aircraft) IN SIGHT;

w. TAXI INTO HOLDING BAY;

x. FOLLOW (description of other aircraft or vehi-

cle);

y. VACATE RUNWAY;
z.

RUNWAY VACATED;

aa. EXPEDITE TAXI [reason];
bb.

EXPEDITING;

cc. [CAUTION] TAXI SLOWER [reason];

dd.

SLOWING DOWN.

12.3.4.8

Holding

a. *HOLD (direction) OF (position, runway num-

ber, etc.);

b. *HOLD POSITION;

c. *HOLD (distance) FROM (position);

. . . to hold not closer to a run-

way than specified in Chapter

7, 7.6.3.1.3.1.

d. *HOLD SHORT OF (position);
e.

**HOLDING

**HOLDING SHORT.

* Requires specific acknowledgment from the pilot.
** The procedure words ROGER and WILCO are in-
sufficient acknowledgment of the instructions HOLD,
HOLD POSITION and HOLD SHORT OF (position).
In each case the acknowledgment shall be by the
phraseology HOLDING or HOLDING SHORT, as
appropriate.

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CIRCUMSTANCES

PHRASEOLOGIES (Pilot Transmissions in Bold

Type)

12.3.4.9

To Cross a Runway

REQUEST CROSS RUNWAY (number);
NOTE: If the control tower is unable to see the
crossing aircraft (e.g., night, low visibility), the
instruction should always be accompanied by a
request to report when the aircraft has vacated
the runway.

b. CROSS RUNWAY (number) [REPORT VACA-

TED];

c. EXPEDITE CROSSING RUNWAY (number)

TRAFFIC (aircraft type) (distance) KILOME-
TERS (or MILES) FINAL;

d. TAXI TO HOLDING POSITION [number]

[RUNWAY (number)] VIA (specific route to be
followed), [HOLD SHORT OF RUNWAY (num-
ber)] or [CROSS RUNWAY (number)];

NOTE: The pilot will, when re-
quested, report “RUNWAY VA-
CATED” when the entire air-
craft is beyond the relevant
runway-holding position.

RUNWAY VACATED.

12.3.4.10 Preparation for Take-Off

a. UNABLE TO ISSUE (designator) DEPARTURE

(reasons);

b. REPORT WHEN READY [FOR DEPARTURE];

c. ARE YOU READY [FOR DEPARTURE]?;

d. ARE YOU READY FOR IMMEDIATE DEPAR-

TURE?;

READY:

. . . clearance to enter runway

and await take-off clearance

f. LINE UP [AND WAIT];

g. *LINE UP RUNWAY (number);
h. LINE UP. BE READY FOR IMMEDIATE DE-

PARTURE;

. . . conditional clearances

i. **(condition) LINE UP (brief reiteration of the

condition):

. . . acknowledgment of a con-

ditional clearance

(condition) LINING UP (brief reiteration of
the condition);

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CIRCUMSTANCES

PHRASEOLOGIES (Pilot Transmissions in Bold

Type)

. . . confirmation or otherwise

of the readback of conditional

clearance

k. [THAT IS] CORRECT (or NEGATIVE) [I SAY

AGAIN]... (as appropriate).

* When there is the possibility of confusion during
multiple runway operations.
** Provisions concerning the use of conditional
clearances are contained in 12.2.7.

12.3.4.11 Take-off Clearance

a. RUNWAY (number) CLEARED FOR TAKE-

OFF [REPORT AIRBORNE];

. . . when reduced runway sep-

aration is used

b. (traffic information) RUNWAY (number)

CLEARED FOR TAKE-OFF;

. . . when take-off clearance

has not been complied with

c. TAKE OFF IMMEDIATELY OR VACATE RUN-

WAY [(instructions)];

d. TAKE OFF IMMEDIATELY OR HOLD SHORT

OF RUNWAY;

. . . to cancel a take-off clear-

ance

e. HOLD POSITION, CANCEL TAKE-OFF I SAY

AGAIN CANCEL TAKE-OFF (reasons);

*HOLDING;

. . . to stop a take-off after an

aircraft has commenced take-

off roll

g. STOP IMMEDIATELY [(repeat aircraft call

sign) STOP IMMEDIATELY];

*STOPPING;

. . . for helicopter operations

i. CLEARED FOR TAKE-OFF [FROM (location)]

(present position, taxiway, final approach and
take-off area, runway and number);

REQUEST DEPARTURE INSTRUCTIONS;

k. AFTER DEPARTURE TURN RIGHT (or LEFT,

or CLIMB) (instructions as appropriate).

* HOLDING and STOPPING are the procedural re-
sponses to e. and g respectively.

12.3.4.12 Turn or Climb Instructions

After Take-Off

REQUEST RIGHT (or LEFT) TURN;

b. RIGHT (or LEFT) TURN APPROVED;

c. WILL ADVISE LATER FOR RIGHT (or LEFT)

TURN;

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CIRCUMSTANCES

PHRASEOLOGIES (Pilot Transmissions in Bold

Type)

. . . to request airborne time

d. REPORT AIRBORNE;
e. AIRBORNE (time);

f. AFTER PASSING (level) (instructions);

. . . heading to be followed

g. CONTINUE RUNWAY HEADING (instruc-

tions);

. . . when a specific track is to

be followed

h. TRACK EXTENDED CENTRE LINE (instruc-

tions);

i. CLIMB STRAIGHT AHEAD (instructions).

12.3.4.13 Entering an Aerodrome Traf-

fic Circuit

[aircraft type] (position) (level) FOR LAND-
ING;

b. JOIN (direction of circuit) (position in circuit)

(runway number) [SURFACE] WIND (direction
and speed) (units) [TEMPERATURE [MINUS]
(number)] QNH (or QFE) (number) [(units)]
[TRAFFIC (detail)];

c. MAKE STRAIGHT-IN APPROACH, RUNWAY

(number) [SURFACE] WIND (direction and
speed) (units) [TEMPERATURE [MINUS]
(number)] QNH (or QFE) (number) [(units)]
[TRAFFIC (detail)];

. . . when ATIS information is

available

(aircraft type) (position) (level) INFORMA-
TION (ATIS identification) FOR LANDING;

e. JOIN (position in circuit) [RUNWAY (number)

QNH (or QFE) (number) [(units)] [TRAFFIC
(detail)].

12.3.4.14 In the Circuit

(position in circuit, e.g. DOWNWIND/FINAL);

b. NUMBER . . . FOLLOW (aircraft type and posi-

tion) [additional instructions if required].

12.3.4.15 Approach Instructions

a. MAKE SHORT APPROACH;

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CIRCUMSTANCES

PHRASEOLOGIES (Pilot Transmissions in Bold

Type)

NOTE: The report “LONG FI-
NAL” is made when aircraft
turn on to final approach at a
distance greater than 7km (4
NM) from touchdown or when
an aircraft on a straight-in ap-
proach is 15km (8 NM) from
touchdown. In both cases a re-
port “FINAL” is required at 7km
(4 NM) from touchdown.

b. MAKE LONG APPROACH (or EXTEND

DOWNWIND);

c. REPORT BASE (or FINAL, or LONG FINAL);

d. CONTINUE APPROACH [PREPARE FOR

POSSIBLE GO AROUND].

12.3.4.16 Landing Clearance

a. RUNWAY (number) CLEARED TO LAND;

. . . when reduced runway sep-

aration is used

b. (traffic information) RUNWAY (number)

CLEARED TO LAND;

. . . special operations

c. CLEARED TOUCH AND GO;

d. MAKE FULL STOP;

. . . to make an approach

along, or parallel to a runway,

descending to an agreed mini-

mum level

REQUEST LOW APPROACH (reasons);

f. CLEARED LOW APPROACH [RUNWAY

(number)] [(altitude restriction if required) (go
around instructions)];

. . . to fly past the control tower

or other observation point for

the purpose of visual inspec-

tion by persons on the ground

REQUEST LOW PASS (reasons);

h. CLEARED LOW PASS [as in f.];

. . . for helicopter operations

REQUEST STRAIGHT-IN (or CIRCLING AP-
PROACH, LEFT (or RIGHT) TURN TO (loca-
tion);

j. MAKE STRAIGHT-IN (or CIRCLING AP-

PROACH, LEFT (or RIGHT) TURN TO (loca-
tion, runway, taxiway, final approach and take-
off area) [ARRIVAL (or ARRIVAL ROUTE)
(number, name or code)]. [HOLD SHORT OF
(active runway, extended runway centre line,
other)]. [REMAIN (direction or distance) FROM
(runway, runway centre line, other helicopter or
aircraft)]. [CAUTION (power lines, unlighted ob-
structions, wake turbulence, etc.)]. CLEARED
TO LAND.

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CIRCUMSTANCES

PHRASEOLOGIES (Pilot Transmissions in Bold

Type)

12.3.4.17 Delaying Aircraft

a. CIRCLE THE AERODROME;
b. ORBIT (RIGHT, or LEFT) [FROM PRESENT

POSITION];

c. MAKE ANOTHER CIRCUIT.

12.3.4.18 Missed Approach

a. GO AROUND;
b.

GOING AROUND.

12.3.4.19 Information to Aircraft

. . . when pilot requested visual

inspection of landing gear

a. LANDING GEAR APPEARS DOWN;
b. RIGHT (or LEFT, or NOSE) WHEEL AP-

PEARS UP (or DOWN);

c. WHEELS APPEAR UP;

d. RIGHT (or LEFT, or NOSE) WHEEL DOES

NOT APPEAR UP (or DOWN);

. . . wake turbulence

e. CAUTION WAKE TURBULENCE [FROM AR-

RIVING (OR DEPARTING) (type of aircraft)]
[(additional information as required)];

. . . jet blast on apron or taxi-

way

f. CAUTION JET BLAST;

. . . propeller-driven aircraft

slipstream

g. CAUTION SLIPSTREAM.

12.3.4.20 Runway Vacating and Com-

munications After Landing

a. CONTACT GROUND (frequency);
b. WHEN VACATED CONTACT GROUND (fre-

quency);

c. EXPEDITE VACATING;

d. YOUR STAND (or GATE) (designation);
e. TAKE (or TURN) FIRST (or SECOND, or CON-

VENIENT) LEFT (or RIGHT) AND CONTACT
GROUND (frequency).

. . . for helicopter operations

f. AIR-TAXI TO HELICOPTER STAND (or) HELI-

COPTER PARKING POSITION (area);

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PHRASEOLOGIES (Pilot Transmissions in Bold

Type)

g. AIR-TAXI TO (or VIA) (location or routing as

appropriate) [CAUTION (dust, blowing snow,
loose debris, taxiing light aircraft, personnel,
etc.);

h. AIR TAXI VIA (direct, as requested, or speci-

fied route) TO (location, heliport, operating or
movement area, active or inactive runway).
AVOID (aircraft or vehicles or personnel).

ATS SURVEILLANCE SERVICE PHRASEOLOGIES

NOTE: The following comprise phraseologies specifically applicable when an ATS surveillance
system is used in the provision of air traffic services. The phraseologies detailed in the sections
above for use in the provision of air traffic services are also applicable, as appropriate, when an
ATS surveillance system is used.

General ATS Surveillance Service Phraseologies

CIRCUMSTANCES

PHRASEOLOGIES (Pilot Transmissions in Bold

Type)

12.4.1.
1

Identification of Aircraft

a. REPORT HEADING [AND FLIGHT LEVEL (or

ALTITUDE)];

b. FOR IDENTIFICATION TURN LEFT (or

RIGHT) HEADING (three digits);

c. TRANSMIT FOR IDENTIFICATION AND RE-

PORT HEADING;

d. RADAR CONTACT [position];
e. IDENTIFIED [position];

f. NOT IDENTIFIED [reason], [RESUME (or

CONTINUE) OWN NAVIGATION].

12.4.1.
2

Position Information

POSITION (distance) (direction) OF (significant
point) (or OVER or ABEAM (significant point)).

12.4

12.4.1

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12.4.1.
3

Vectoring Instructions

a. LEAVE (significant point) HEADING (three dig-

its);

b. CONTINUE HEADING (three digits);

c. CONTINUE PRESENT HEADING;

d. FLY HEADING (three digits);
e. TURN LEFT (or RIGHT) HEADING (three dig-

its) [reason];

f. TURN LEFT (or RIGHT) (number of degrees)

DEGREES [reason];

g. STOP TURN HEADING (three digits);
h. FLY HEADING (three digits), WHEN ABLE

PROCEED DIRECT (name) (significant point);

i. HEADING IS GOOD.

12.4.1.
4

Termination of Vectoring

a. RESUME OWN NAVIGATION (position of air-

craft) (specific instructions);

b. RESUME OWN NAVIGATION [DIRECT] (sig-

nificant point) [MAGNETIC TRACK (three dig-
its) DISTANCE (number) KILOMETRES (or
MILES)].

12.4.1.
5

Manoeuvres

a. MAKE A THREE SIXTY TURN LEFT (or

RIGHT) [reason];

b. ORBIT LEFT (or RIGHT) [reason];

. . . (in case of unreliable direc-

tional instruments on board air-

craft)

c. MAKE ALL TURNS RATE ONE (or RATE

HALF, or (number) DEGREES PER SECOND)
START AND STOP ALL TURNS ON THE
COMMAND "NOW";

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JEPPESEN GENERAL AIRWAY MANUAL (Issue Date 1 JUL 21) - page 39