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T H E M A C H IN ING OF HOLES The machining of holes in plates and cocks is a c omplex and crucial operation. The diameter tolerance in most cases is 0 . 005 mm; the s urface finish quality corresponds to class 9 - 1 0 at least; and the interaxial- distance These s evere requirements are satisfied by s ubj ecting the holes t o pre liminary and final m achining stages . The preliminary machining consists either in center marking followed by punch piercing, cente r marking followed by drilling, or punch piercing without cente r marking. The final m achining consists in shaving the holes in special dies . Ream ing has found no application in the final machining of hole s , as it is both a less accurate and a less productive p rocess than s having. Some holes are threaded. Drilling The watch indus try and m any other branches of the p recision- ins trum ent industry make extensive use of the method of drilling holes according to center-punch marks , this method being s uperior to the method of drilling in jigs . The part to be drilled lies freely on the drilling-machine table o r o n a n open support, and i s easily placed manually under the drill (Figure 3 5 , a ) . The drill is guided by the center-punch m ark. The use of jigs , on the other hand , requires considerable time for the positioning and fastening of the part in the jig, and removal of the part afte r drilling. �) b) FIG URE 35 . Drilling holes : a-according to center-punch marks; b-jig bushing for drilling 2 4 1 |