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The apparatus is s uitable for tes ting round bars of diameters from 0 . 8 t o 7 mm and ' flat bars o f a thickness of up t o 5 mm . A counter ( 5 ) records the number of bends . FIGURE 1 1 . Apparatus for torsion-testing of wires T o r s i o n t e s t s f o r w i r e are conducted on the K - 1 (K - 2 , K- 3 ) ap paratus (Figure! 1 1 ). The wire is clamped in chucks in the head- and tailstock of the apparatus . The heads tock chuck is rotated by an electric motor which is automatically switched o ff when the specimen fails . The numbe r of turns to failure is recorded on a counter. R e s i d u a l d e f o r m a t i o n (permanent- set) t e s t s . With heat- treated sprin g s teel s trip s , the tensile , hardness and bending tests are only indirectly FIGURE 12. Apparatus for testing the elasto indicative of their quality, and do not define fully the e"lasto -plastic p roperties of the m aterial . Thes e p roperties are dete rmined by us e of an apparatus (Figure 1 2 ) which measures the angle a. of res idual deformation. The apparatus s cale is divided into 1 8 0°. The test specimen is clamped at one end to the mandrel of the apparatus , and the other end test specim en is then wrapped around the b ends the angle a. is measured from the position of the tes t specimen on the s cale , and the res idual deformation determined from it. In some variants of this apparatus the springback angle ( � = 1 80° -a. 0) is m easured ins tead of the angle of res idual defo rm ation . The accuracy of this type of apparatus is by 5 to 6° lower than that of the device shown in Figure 1 2 . 5 3 |