Content .. 17 18 19 20 ..

Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. STANDARD CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS (PART 1 - ROADS, Second Edition 2020) - page 19

ENERAL

1.26.4

Submittals

Submittals for O&M data shall comply with the following requirements:

a. Informational:

1. Data outline: Submit two copies of a detailed outline of proposed organization and contents

of final data before preparation of preliminary data

2. Preliminary data:

Submit three copies for Engineer

’s review

ii.

If data meets conditions of the Contract:

a) One copy will be returned to the Contractor

b) One copy will be forwarded to the Owner

c) One copy will be retained in Engineer

’s file

iii.

If data does not meet conditions of the Contract:

a) All copies will be returned to the Contractor with Engineer

’s comments (on separate

document) for revision

b) Engineer

’s comments will be retained in Engineer’s file

c) Resubmit three copies revised in accordance with Engineer

’s comments.

3. Final data:

Submit two hardcopies of each manual in format specified herein

ii.

Submit five copies of each CD of the electronic media format with printed labels
identifying contents

iii.

Final electronic manual shall be organized in the same format as the hardcopy manual

1.26.5

Data for Equipment and Systems

Data for equipment and systems shall meet the requirements of the following articles under this
section.

1.26.5.1

Content for Each Unit (or Common Units) and System

a. Product data:

1. Include only those sheets that are pertinent to specific product

2. Clearly annotate each sheet to:

Identify specific product or part installed

ii.

Identify data applicable to installation

iii.

Delete references to inapplicable information

iv.

Function, normal operating characteristics, and limiting conditions

Performance curves, Engineering data, nameplate data, and tests

vi.

Complete nomenclature and commercial number of replaceable parts

vii.

Original manufacturer’s parts list, illustrations, detailed assembly drawings showing
each part with part numbers and sequentially numbered parts list, and diagrams
required for maintenance

viii.

Spare parts ordering instructions

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ix.

Where applicable, identify installed spares and other provisions for future work (e.g.,
reserved panel space, unused components, wiring, and terminals)

b. As-installed, colour-coded piping diagrams

c. Charts of valve tag numbers, with the location and function of each valve

d. Drawings: Supplement product data with drawings as necessary to clearly illustrate:

1. Format:

Provide reinforced, punched, binder tab; bind in with text

ii.

Reduced to A4 size, or A3 size folded to A4 size

iii.

Where reduction is impractical, fold and place in A4 envelopes bound in text

iv.

Identify specification section and product on drawings and envelopes

2. Relations of component parts of equipment and systems

3. Control and flow diagrams

4. Coordinate drawings with project record documents to assure correct illustration of

completed installation

e. Instructions and procedures: Within text, as required to supplement product data.

1. Format:

Organize in consistent format under separate heading for each different procedure

ii.

Provide logical sequence of instructions for each procedure

iii.

Provide information sheet for Owner

’s personnel, including:

a) Proper procedures in event of failure

b) Instances that might affect validity of guarantee or bond

c) Installation Instructions: Including alignment, adjusting, calibrating, and checking

2. Operating procedures:

Start-up, break-in, routine, and normal operating instructions

ii.

Test procedures and results of factory tests where required

iii.

Regulation, control, stopping, and emergency instructions

iv.

Description of operation sequence by control manufacturer

Shutdown instructions for both short and extended duration

vi.

Summer and winter operating instructions, as applicable

vii.

Safety precautions

viii.

Special operating instructions

3. Maintenance and overhaul procedures:

Routine maintenance

ii.

Guide to troubleshooting

iii.

Disassembly, removal, repair, reinstallation, and reassembly

f. Safety:

1. Separate safety section which identities specified safety hazards associated with

maintenance of the equipment

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2. As a minimum identity elements with stored energy (springs, compressed gas, large

capacities etc.), confined space entries, tag out and lock out procedures

g. Guarantee and service agreements: In accordance with Section 1.24.2.

1.26.5.2

Content for Each Electric or Electronic Item or System

a. Description of unit and component parts:

1. Function, normal operating characteristics, and limiting conditions

2. Performance curves, Engineering data, nameplate data, and tests

3. Complete nomenclature and commercial number of replaceable parts

4. Interconnection wiring diagrams, including control and lighting systems

b. Circuit directories of panel boards:

1. Electrical service

2. Controls

3. Communications

c. List of electrical relay settings, and control and alarm contact settings

d. Electrical interconnection wiring diagram, including control and lighting systems

e. As-installed control diagrams by control manufacturer

f. Operating procedures:

1. Routine and normal operating instructions

2. Sequences required

3. Safety precautions

4. Special operating instructions

g. Maintenance procedures:

1. Routine maintenance

2. Guide to troubleshooting

3. Adjustment and checking

4. List of relay settings, control and alarm contact settings

Manufacturer’s printed operating and maintenance instructions

List of original manufacturer’s spare parts, manufacturer’s current prices, and recommended
quantities to be maintained in storage

1.26.5.3

Maintenance Summary:

a. Compile individual maintenance summary for each applicable equipment item, respective unit

or system, and for components or sub-units.

b. Format:

1. Each maintenance summary may take as many pages as required

2. Use only A4 size paper

3. Complete using typewriter or electronic printing

c. Include detailed lubrication instructions and diagrams showing points to be greased or oiled;

recommend type, grade, and temperature range of lubricants and frequency of lubrication

ENERAL

d. Recommended spare parts:

Data to be consistent with manufacturer’s bill of materials/parts list furnished in O&M
manuals

2. Unit is the unit of measure for ordering the part

3. Quantity is the number of units recommended

4. Unit Cost is the current purchase price

1.26.5.4

Guideline Outline Form

Following outline is a guideline of the minimum required contents to be included in the O&M manuals:

a. Cover page: with name of project, date, language version (English), Contract number, and C

’s

name

b. Table of contents: showing contents and sequential page numbering

1. List of tables (if any)

2. List of figures (if any)

3. List of pictures (if any)

4. List of sheets (if any)

5. List of abbreviations (if any)

c. Introduction: showing the use of the manual and the appropriate electrical/mechanical

equipment or system general description

d. Detailed description of the facility: General, Inlet and sedimentation chamber, trash racks,

process facilities, storage reservoir, piping, valves, flow metering, instrumentation and control,
etc.

e. Description of utilities and building services: general, high voltage power source, power

distribution, potable water, seal water system, ventilation, etc.

f. Operation of the facility

g. Operation of utilities and building services: high voltage power source, power distribution,

potable water, seal water system, ventilation, etc.

h. Maintenance:

General,

preventive

maintenance

system,

corrective

maintenance,

housekeeping, maintenance stores, etc.

i. Safety: Personal, maintenance, safety hazards, commitment to safety, standard safety

procedures, safety programs, etc.

j. Records and record keeping: General, operation records, maintenance records, and operation

costs records, etc.

k. Personals: General, personal organization chart, job descriptions, etc.

l. References

m. Glossary of terms.

1.26.6

Data for Materials and Finishes

Data for materials and finishes shall comply with the following requirements:

a. Content for architectural products, applied materials, and finishes:

Manufacturer’s data, giving full information on products:

Catalogue number, size, and composition

ENERAL

ii.

Colour and texture designations

iii.

Information required for reordering special-manufactured products

2. Instructions for care and maintenance:

Manufacturer’s recommendation for types of cleaning agents and methods

ii.

Cautions against cleaning agents and methods that are detrimental to product

iii.

Recommended schedule for cleaning and maintenance

b. Content for moisture protection and weather exposed products:

Manufacturer’s data, giving full information on products:

Applicable standards

ii.

Chemical composition

iii.

Details of installation

2. Instructions for inspection, maintenance, and repair.

1.26.7

Irrigation System and Landscaping

Irrigation and landscaping submittals shall comply with the following items:

a. Content for irrigation system:

1. Site plan marked to show system layout and locations of all isolation valves, control valves,

controllers, etc.

2. P & ID type system drawing(s) that detail the system furnished and installed

Manufacturers’ data sheets for each item installed in the system

b. Content for landscape:

1. Basic care instructions for each type of planting

2. Recommended watering program by irrigation circuit and controller for each season

c. Format: Format shall generally follow that for equipment and systems.

ENERAL

NDEX

abbreviations, 1-4
Access, 1-23
accidents. See health and safety
adjoining construction plant and property, 1-

adjustment of contract dates. See schedule
agencies, 1-18
agency representatives field offices. See

engineer's field offices

application of this document, 1-1
approvals, 1-23
archaeological finds, 1-77
as-builts. See contract close-out
bar chart. See schedule
bus shelter, 1-3
certificates and affidavits. See submittal

procedures

civil-engineering services. See field

engineering

cleaning, 1-161
closeout submittals, 1-167
codes. See regulatory requirements
cofferdams, 1-123
commissioning. See startup
concentrated flow diversions, 1-137
concrete slip-forms, 1-123
confined spaces. See health and safety
construction facilities and temporary controls,

1-74

construction layout. See execution
construction work plan, 1-30
content and format, 1-2
contract close-out, 1-163
Contractor’s responsibility. See work

restrictions

coordination, 1-29
CQC manager. See quality control

organization

critical path method. See schedule
daily report. See construction work plan
defective work. See work plan
definitions, 1-7, See submittal procedures
detailed progress. See schedule
detours. See traffic control
disposal of waste. See cleaning
drawings, 1-47
endangered species, 1-77
engineer’s field offices, 1-78
environmental sediment and pollution control

plan. See temporary controls

equipment, 1-22

equipment start-up. See utility coordinator
examination. See execution, See field

engineering

excavation safety. See health and safety
execution, 1-156
existing property and utilities, 1-51
explosives. See health and safety
fabric fence, 1-133
fall protection. See health and safety
falsework and forms. See temporary works
fibre rolls, 1-134
field engineering, 1-24, See execution
final conditions of work, 1-64
final inspection. See contract close-out
fire protection. See health and safety
first aid. See health and safety
formwork. See temporary works
governing bodies. See agencies
government bodies, 1-26
gravel bags, 1-134
health and safety, 1-52
health and safety plan. See health and safety
housekeeping, 1-63
Lab equipment list A. See site laboratory
lab equipment list B. See site laboratory
labour, 1-22
land provided for Contractor use, 1-23
layin-out of the works. See field engineering
Limits of the site, 1-23
measurements, 1-20
miscellaneous submissions. See submittal

procedures

narrative progress report. See schedule
near misses. See health and safety
no objection certificates. See regulatory

requirements

notice of intent. See regulatory requirements
operations and maintenance manual. See

submittal procedures

owner-installed products, 1-160
parking. See access roads
Part 1, 1-2, 1-3
Part 2, 1-2, 1-3
Part 3, 1-2
performance testing. See startup
permits. See approvals
personal protective equipment (PPE),. See

health and safety

pipe slope drains, 1-132
plant. See equipment
plant record. See work plan

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pollution controls, 1-129
preservation of existing vegetation and

topsoil, 1-135

product data. See submittal procedures
product options, 1-142
products. See product options
program of works, 1-21
progress documentation, 1-31
progress of the work. See schedule
progress quantity charts. See schedule
progress schedule. See schedule
project management, 1-27
project manager. See supervisory staff
project schedule, 1-22, See progress

documentation

project signs, 1-88
protective fencing, 1-128
quality assurance, 1-24
quality certifications. See quality control

testing

quality control, 1-64
quality control documentation, 1-70
quality control meetings. See quality control
quality control organization. See quality

control

quality control program requirements. See

quality control

quality control requirements. See quality

control

quality control testing, 1-69
record drawings. See drawings
reference standards, 1-15
regulatory requirements, 1-49
safety check list. See health and safety
safety inspections. See health and safety
safety representative. See health and safety
sample. See submittal procedures
sccess roads, 1-89
schedule, 1-32
schedule acceptance, 1-37
schedule notifications. See working hours
sediment and pollution control, 1-128
sediment controls, 1-128
sediment trapping, 1-138

See health and safety.
shaded areas along with chilled potable

drinking water supply. See health and
safety

shop drawing. See submittal procedures
shoring, 1-124, See temporary works
site laboratory, 1-78
software. See schedule
spare parts, 1-150
sponsers. See supervisory staff
startup, 1-147
storage yards and buildings, 1-89
storm drain inlet protection, 1-142
submittal procedures, 1-39
submittals. See progress documentation
supervisory staff, 1-27, See project

management

survey work. See field engineering
temporary connections, 1-149
temporary controls, 1-88
temporary fence, 1-134
temporary roads. See access
temporary traffic control devices. See traffic

control

temporary work, 1-29
temporary works, 1-111
testing of systems. See startup
three phases of quality control, 1-68
traffic control and detour schemes, 1-90
training, 1-170
unit prices, 1-19
utility coordinator, 1-72
utility coordinator’s required duties. See utility

coordinator

utility departments. See agencies
Volume 1

– Road Works. See content and

format

Volume 2

– Bridge Works. See content and

format, See content and format

Volume 3

– Maintenance. See content and

format

work plan. See construction work plan
work restrictions, 1-20
working hours, 1-28, See work plan

STANDARD CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS

PART 1

ROADS

CHAPTER 2 - EARTHWORKS

DOCUMENT

NO:

TR-542-1

SECOND

EDITION

SEPTEMBER

2020

ARTHWORKS

CHAPTER 2: Earthworks

ABLE OF

ONTENTS

Table of Contents............................................................................................................................. i

List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. iii

Earthworks ........................................................................................................................ 2-1

2.1

General .......................................................................................................................... 2-1

2.1.1

Description ................................................................................................................. 2-1

2.1.2

Reference Standards and Codes ............................................................................... 2-1

2.1.3

Contractor's Responsibility ......................................................................................... 2-4

2.1.3.1

Site Visit .......................................................................................................... 2-4

2.1.3.2

Boreholes ........................................................................................................ 2-4

2.2

Clearing and Grubbing ................................................................................................... 2-7

2.2.1

Description ................................................................................................................. 2-7

2.2.2

Construction Requirements ........................................................................................ 2-7

2.2.2.1

Areas to be Cleared, Grubbed, and Removed of Topsoil ................................. 2-7

2.2.2.2

Clearing ........................................................................................................... 2-8

2.2.2.3

Grubbing .......................................................................................................... 2-8

2.2.2.4

Conservation of Existing Topsoil, Vegetation, and Cutting of Trees ................. 2-8

2.2.2.5

Removal and Salvage of Topsoil ..................................................................... 2-8

2.2.2.6

Roadside Cleanup ........................................................................................... 2-8

2.2.2.7

Disposal of Material ......................................................................................... 2-9

2.3

Removal of Structures and Obstructions ........................................................................ 2-9

2.3.1

Description ................................................................................................................. 2-9

2.3.2

Construction Requirements ........................................................................................ 2-9

2.3.2.1

General ............................................................................................................ 2-9

2.3.2.2

Removal of Structures and Foundations .......................................................... 2-9

2.3.2.3

Removal of Bridges, Culverts, and Drainage Structures ................................ 2-10

2.3.2.4

Removal of Pavement, Barriers, Railings, Sidewalks, Kerbs, and Gutters ..... 2-10

2.3.2.5

Disposal of Materials ..................................................................................... 2-11

2.4

Roadway Excavation ................................................................................................... 2-11

2.4.1

Description ............................................................................................................... 2-11

2.4.2

Construction Requirements ...................................................................................... 2-12

2.4.2.1

Preparation for Roadway Excavation ............................................................. 2-12

2.4.2.2

Control of Excavation ..................................................................................... 2-12

2.4.2.3

Dewatering .................................................................................................... 2-12

2.4.2.4

Rock Cuts ...................................................................................................... 2-15

2.4.2.5

Subexcavation ............................................................................................... 2-19

2.4.2.6

Slope Treatment ............................................................................................ 2-20

2.4.2.7

Disposal of Unsuitable or Excess Material ..................................................... 2-20

2.4.2.8

Wasting Material ............................................................................................ 2-20

2.4.2.9

Roadway Ditch and Pond Excavation ............................................................ 2-20

2.4.2.10

Borrow Excavation ......................................................................................... 2-21

2.4.2.11

Structural Excavation ..................................................................................... 2-21

2.4.2.12

Manual Excavation ........................................................................................ 2-22

2.4.2.13

Unclassified Excavation ................................................................................. 2-23

2.5

Embankments and Backfill ........................................................................................... 2-24

2.5.1

Description ............................................................................................................... 2-24

2.5.2

Materials .................................................................................................................. 2-24

2.5.2.1

Unsuitable Material ........................................................................................ 2-24

2.5.2.2

Embankment Material (Load-Bearing) ........................................................... 2-24

2.5.2.3

Rock Fill Material ........................................................................................... 2-25

2.5.2.4

Structural Backfill ........................................................................................... 2-25

2.5.2.5

Pervious Backfill ............................................................................................ 2-26

2.5.2.6

Material for Free-Draining Blankets................................................................ 2-27

2.5.2.7

Non-Load-Bearing Material ............................................................................ 2-27

2.5.2.8

Prefabricated Vertical Drains ......................................................................... 2-28

2.5.2.9

Construction Geotextile.................................................................................. 2-29

2.5.2.10

Surface Protection ......................................................................................... 2-32

2.5.2.11

Water ............................................................................................................. 2-32

2.5.3

Construction Requirements ...................................................................................... 2-32

2.5.3.1

Embankment Construction ............................................................................. 2-32

2.5.3.2

Structural Backfill ........................................................................................... 2-34

2.5.3.3

Non-Load-Bearing Fill Placement .................................................................. 2-34

2.5.3.4

Compacting Embankments ............................................................................ 2-34

2.5.3.5

Prefabricated Vertical Drains ......................................................................... 2-36

2.5.3.6

End Caps and Draw Lines for Ducts, Conduits, Pipe Sleeves and Culverts ... 2-37

2.6

Subgrade Preparation .................................................................................................. 2-37

2.6.1

Traffic Pavement ...................................................................................................... 2-37

2.6.2

Pedestrian Pavement ............................................................................................... 2-37

2.7

Geotextile Installation ................................................................................................... 2-37

2.7.1

Description ............................................................................................................... 2-37

2.7.2

Materials .................................................................................................................. 2-38

2.7.3

Construction Requirements ...................................................................................... 2-38

2.7.3.1

Subsurface Drainage and Soakaways ........................................................... 2-38

2.7.3.2

Permanent Erosion Control and Ditch Lining ................................................. 2-39

2.8

Trimming and Cleanup ................................................................................................. 2-39

2.8.1

Description ............................................................................................................... 2-39

2.8.2

Construction Requirements ...................................................................................... 2-39

Index

………………………………………………………………………………………… ................ 2-41

IST OF

ABLES

Table 2-1: Designations and titles for AASHTO and ASTM standards that apply to earthworks ... 2-2

Table 2-2: Designations and titles for BS and BS EN standards that apply to earthworks ............ 2-4

Table 2-3: Structural backfill gradation ....................................................................................... 2-25

Table 2-4: Pervious backfill gradation ........................................................................................ 2-26

Table 2-5 Pervious backfill material for use as drainage layer against soil retaining structures such
as bridge abutments and retaining walls .................................................................................... 2-26

Table 2-6: Gradation for free-draining blanket material ............................................................. 2-27

Table 2-7: Vertical filter drain properties .................................................................................... 2-28

Table 2-8: Geotextile for underground drainage ......................................................................... 2-30

Table 2-9: Geotextile for underground filtration properties .......................................................... 2-30

Table 2-10: Geotextile for separation or soil stabilisation ........................................................... 2-30

Table 2-11: Geotextile properties for retaining walls and reinforced slopes ................................ 2-31

Table 2-12: Embankment material and compaction tests ........................................................... 2-35

EARTHWORKS

2.1

General

2.1.1

Description

This section describes the general provisions under which earthworks shall be performed:

Prior to the start of earthwork, the Contractor shall perform all control surveying in accordance
with Section 1.2.6. And submit to the Engineer for review and approval. Limits of areas to be
protected shall be surveyed and protective fenced installed. Excavation and backfill control
staking shall be surveyed and placed.

Prior to start of earthwork, the Contractor shall take cross-sections of existing ground every
25 m jointly with the Engineer, in accordance with the requirements of Section 1.7 of Chapter
1,  General  Requirements,  and  as  agreed  to  by  the  Engineer.  Cross-sections  shall  have
supplemental  additional  topographic  information,  including  locations  of  all  existing  surface
features in the plan to include structures, fences, utility risers and markers, utility chambers,
drainage structures, areas of vegetation and trees,  etc., all located to x and y coordinates
and labelled with surface elevations, as per the Engineer’s instructions.

Use  all  necessary  precautionary  and  protective  measures  required  to  maintain  existing
utilities,  services,  and  appurtenances  that  must  be  kept  in  operation.  In  particular,  the
Contractor  shall  take  adequate  measures  to  prevent  undermining  of  utilities  and  services
presently in service.

Earthwork shall be constructed to the lines, grades, elevations, slopes, and cross-sections
indicated on the Contract plans.

All excavation and backfilling shall be performed in dry condition, sunless otherwise directed
by the Engineer.

All excavation and backfill work, including the associated work performed in accordance with
these specifications, Contract plans, and particular specifications, and as instructed or
approved by the Engineer.

Contractor shall ensure the removal and diversion of underground and surface water from all
excavations and finished surfaces.

Contractor to finish the work with final trimming and grading of all surfaces and removal of
any remaining construction debris and waste materials

2.1.2

Reference Standards and Codes

Standards and codes for earthworks shall be as specified in these specifications, in the Contract
documents, if any, and the following, in their latest edition:

AASHTO LRFD

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials - Load and
Resistance Factor Design, Bridge Construction Specifications;

AASHTO LRFD

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials - Load and
Resistance Factor Design, Bridge Design Specifications;

AASHTO

Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling
and Testing;

ASTM

American Society for Testing and Materials;

AD EHSMS RF

Abu Dhabi Environment, Health and Safety Management System Regulatory
Framework Manual;

ADM EHS

Municipality of Abu Dhabi City - Guide Lines for Developing EHS Plan for
Building and Construction Sector;

ADQCC (TR-516) Abu Dhabi Road Structures Design Manual;

British Standards;

BS EN

European Standards;

DOT-M-08

Environmental, Health and Safety Manual for Road Projects;

OSHA

Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

Table 2-1 and Table 2-2 presents American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Officials (AASHTO), American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), British (BS), and European
(BS EN) Standards that are related to materials for earthworks. It also includes designations and
titles.

Table 2-1: Designations and titles for AASHTO and ASTM standards that apply to

earthworks

AASHTO

Designation

ASTM Designation

Title

ASTM E380 - 2010

Standard Practice for Use of the International System
of Units (SI) (the Modernized Metric System).

ASTM D1452 - 09

Standard Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling by
Auger Borings.

ASTM D2113 - 08

Standard Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling
of Rock for Site Investigation.

ASTM D4647 /

D4647M - 13

Standard Test Methods for Identification and
Classification of Dispersive Clay Soils by the Pinhole
Test

ASTM D4542 - 07

Standard Test Method for Pore Water Extraction and
Determination of the Soluble Salt Content of Soils by
Refractometer.

ASTM D2974 - 07a

Standard Test Methods for Moisture, Ash, and Organic
Matter of Peat and Other Organic Soils.

ASTM D5333-03

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Collapse
Potential of Soils (Withdrawn 2012).

AASHTO M 145

Standard Specification for Classification of Soils and
Soil-Aggregate Mixtures for Highway Construction
Purposes.

ASTM D5731 - 08

Standard Test Method for Determination of the Point
Load Strength Index of Rock and Application to Rock
Strength Classifications.

AASHTO T 176

Standard Method of Test for Plastic Fines in Graded
Aggregates and Soils by Use of the Sand Equivalent
Test.

AASHTO T 96

Standard Method of Test for Resistance to Degradation
of Small-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and
Impact in the Los Angeles Machine.

AASHTO T 27

Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregate.

ARTHWORKS

AASHTO

Designation

ASTM Designation

Title

AASHTO T 11

Standard Method of Test for Materials Finer Than 75-
µm (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing.

AASHTO M 288

Standard Specification for Geotextile Specification for
Highway Applications.

ASTM D5261 - 10

Standard Test Method for Measuring Mass per Unit
Area of Geotextiles.

ASTM D4632 - 08

Standard Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and
Elongation of Geotextiles.

ASTM D6241 -

04(2009)

Standard Test Method for the Static Puncture Strength
of Geotextiles and Geotextile-Related Products Using a
50-mm Probe.

ASTM D4533 - 11

Standard Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength
of Geotextiles.

ASTM D4355 - 07

Standard Test Method for Deterioration of Geotextiles
by Exposure to Light, Moisture and Heat in a Xenon
Arc Type Apparatus.

ASTM D4751 - 04

Standard Test Method for Determining Apparent
Opening Size of a Geotextile.

ASTM D4491 -

99a(2009)

Standard Test Methods for Water Permeability of
Geotextiles by Permittivity.

ASTM D5199 - 12

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Nominal
Thickness of Geosynthetics.

AASHTO T 180

Standard Method of Test for Moisture-Density
Relations of Soils Using a 4.54-kg (10-lb) Rammer and
a 457-mm (18-in.) Drop.

AASHTO T 99

Standard Method of Test for Moisture-Density
Relations of Soils Using a 2.5-kg (5.5-lb) Rammer and
a 305-mm (12-in.) Drop.

AASHTO T238

Standard Method of Test for Density of Soil and Soil-
Aggregate In-Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow
Depth).

AASHTO T239

Standard Method of Test for Moisture Content of Soil
and Soil-Aggregate In-Place by Nuclear Methods
(Shallow Depth).

AASHTO T 2

Standard Method of Test for Sampling of Aggregates.

AASHTO T86

Investigations and Sampling Soils and Rock for
Engineering Purposes.

AASHTO T 87

Standard Method of Test for Dry Preparation of
Disturbed Soil and Soil Aggregate Samples for Test.

AASHTO T 88

Standard Method of Test for Particle Size Analysis of
Soils.

AASHTO T 89

Standard Method of Test for Determining the Liquid
Limit of Soils.

Contractor must also provide sufficient backup equipment (including pumps) in order to
sustain the dewatering systems at all times

Water from other construction activities shall be prevented from entering an excavation by
suitable means.

All water must be removed in a manner to avoid damage to property and minimise nuisance
or menace to the public

Contractor shall be responsible for any structures subjected to hydrostatic pressure from
ground water during construction

In general, all dewatering shall be performed by well-point systems, unless otherwise
approved by the Engineer

Contractor shall ensure that the static water level will be drawn down to a depth sufficient to
keep the bottom of the excavation dry (at least 300 mm below formation level)

No excavation shall be allowed in wet conditions and no pipelaying or concrete activities shall
commence until the Contractor demonstrates that he can maintain the excavations in dry
conditions, acceptable to the Engineer

Contractor must maintain dewatering at all times during construction so that no groundwater
comes into contact with any reinforcement or unprotected concrete surfaces

10.

All dewatering discharge shall have suitable sediment traps, filters or settling tanks to avoid
discharge of any sands and sediments where discharging to an existing storm drain, ditch or
area that has been declared a sensitive or protected area by the environmental agency or
the Engineer

11.

Failure to comply with the above shall entitle the Engineer to condemn the section of work
affected and demand complete removal and replacement, at the

Contractor’s expense.

b. Qualified Personnel

Contractor must provide experienced, qualified personnel to perform the dewatering operations

If approved by the Engineer, the Contractor may furnish the services of an experienced, qualified
and properly equipped dewatering Subcontractor to design and operate the dewatering and
groundwater recharging systems required for the work.

c. Monitoring

Where required to do so by the Engineer, the Contractor shall establish a specified number of
groundwater level monitoring stations at each site, which will be observed during the work. These
shall be located as directed by the Engineer and consist of acceptable open tube piezometers

If required by the Engineer, settlement gauges shall be provided as designated by the Engineer, to
monitor settlement existing structures and facilities

d. Construction Requirements

Well point systems: All well-point systems shall conform to the following requirements,
unless otherwise approved by the Engineer:

a. Well-point system shall be placed on both sides of a trench or completely around

isolated excavations

b. Maximum allowable drawdown for a single stage system shall be 4.0 meters

c. Multi-stage well-point systems shall be used for excavations requiring a draw-down

of more than 4 meters

d. Well-points at all levels of multi-stage systems shall be installed on both sides of a

trench or completely around isolated excavations

e. Maximum spacing of well-points shall be 1.0 m

f. Well-points shall be placed by jetting methods

g. If necessary, auger boring shall be used in hard soils

h. Well-points set in bored holes shall be backfilled with coarse sand

i. All well-

points shall have a suitable valve for “trimming” the system to obtain maximum

draw-down

j. Vacuum assisted pumps of suitable size and quantity shall be used to maintain the

system

Sump pumping: Sump pumps may not be used, unless approved by the Engineer. If
approved, sump pumping shall comply with the following requirements:

a. At least two sumps shall be placed in each excavation (preferably in opposite corners)

b. For long trenches, sumps shall be placed on each side of the trench

c. Each sump shall be provided with a separate pump, suction hose and discharge line

d. Sumps shall be large enough to hold sufficient water for priming, pumping and

maintaining the excavation floor in a relatively dry condition

e. All sumps shall be fitted with a suitably sized cage for graded filter material

f. Drains leading to the sump must be so arranged as to allow drainage of the entire

excavation and given sufficient fall to prevent silting up, unless steps are taken to
keep them cleared out

g. Ditches shall be sufficiently wide to allow a water velocity low enough to prevent

erosion

h. Maximum water service elevation in the sump shall be at least 300mm below

formation level

i. Maximum draw down shall be 5-6 m

j. For greater draw downs, use pumps at lower levels or use suspended submersible

pumps

k. If excavation faces become unstable, the sump shall be abandoned and other

methods of dewatering shall be utilized

e. Maintenance of Existing Water Table Level

Dewatering systems shall be installed and operated so that the groundwater level outside the
excavation is not reduced to the extent that would damage or endanger adjacent structures or
property.

If necessary, a water injection recharging system shall be maintained to replenish the groundwater
supply as required to maintain the water table, including pumps, piping, well-points, standby units,
other required equipment and a source of water sufficient to meet the recharge requirements, should
supply of water from dewatering operations be interrupted or become inadequate.

Contractor shall repair all damage or settlement to foundations, structures, existing facilities, or works
due to failure of excavation protection, operations of dewatering or recharging system, or failure to
maintain the existing ground water outside the dewatering area.

Contractor shall check discharge pipes at regular intervals, to ensure that the pumping system is
functioning properly.

f. Disposal of Water

Water not injected back into the ground shall be disposed of lawfully without damage to new and
existing facilities or adjoining properties.

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