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Night Operations
Passive Visual Signals
• Sticks indicating direction.
• Light-colored paint.
• Tape.
• Rock formations.
• Markings on the ground.
• Powder.
Active Visual Signals
• Flares.
• Flashlights.
• Illumination rounds (M203, mortar, artillery).
• Chemical lights.
• Infrared or incandescent strobe lights.
• Either AN/PVS-5 or -7 night vision devices (infrared), or both.
• Burning fuel (saturated sand in a can).
• Luminous tape or compass dial.
Uses of Visual Signals
J-30.
These signals can be used to identify a critical trail junction, mark a rally or rendezvous point,
mark caches, or report that a danger area is clear. White powder can be used to indicate direction at a
confusing trail intersection. A flashlight with a blue filter (with an "X" cut out of the filter) can signal "All
clear" to a unit crossing a danger area. The possibilities are endless. However, the leader ensures that each
Soldier in the team understands every signal used.
TOUCH SIGNALS
J-31.
These consist of wire, string, or rope used in the hide or surveillance position to communicate
without disclosing the position. They usually consist of wire loosely secured to an arm or leg. By
prearrangement, two pulls on the wire might mean that a ground-mounted force is approaching, while three
pulls might indicate a convoy.
TARGET DETECTION
J-32.
Successful night movement and target engagement depend on knowing the enemy--how he
attacks, defends, and uses terrain. Studying the enemy's techniques and patterns aids in target detection.
Nature provides an endless array of patterns. Man invariably disturbs or alters these patterns so they are
detectable. Sensing the enemy at night requires leaders and Soldiers to exercise patience, pay attention to
detail, and practice. Patience and confidence are critical to effectively sense a target at night. While moving
through an area, Soldiers look calmly and methodically for patterns rather than on details. For example,
they look for straight lines, light variations, and any other odd-looking, obviously man-made, or disturbed
patterns. The team looks for sentries or positions at the entrances to draws, on hills overlooking bridges or
obstacles, and on the military crests of prominent terrain features. This is where the enemy will go for
observation. The team also looks for supporting positions. They must know the ranges of enemy weapons,
including supporting weapons, as well as the ranges of the enemy's night vision and line-of-sight
observation devices. They must search thoroughly for enemy positions and for any other signs of
enemy activity. Typical indicators of enemy activity include sounds, odors, displacement, weathering,
littering, and camouflage:
FM 3-55.93
J -9
Appendix J
Sounds
J-33.
A Soldier places an ear to the ground or drives a stick 6 inches into it. Ground is denser than air,
so sounds can travel farther through it, although determining direction is difficult. Rain and winds mask
sounds. Rain causes Soldiers to seek shelter in static positions or, if moving, to put down their ear flaps.
Both actions degrade the ability to hear someone stalking them.
Odors
J-34.
When the sun sets, the air cools and odors float downhill. When the sun and temperatures rise, so
do odors. The more odors rise, the more likely they are to be picked up and carried by the wind.
Displacement
J-35.
The team checks for displaced stones, leaves, or logs. The undersides of these objects are usually
darker in color than their top sides, and they are usually also damp. Crumbled rocks have lighter colored
faces and chips. At night, Soldiers need flashlights to detect these signs, so the team must place security
well out. When viewed through infrared devices, broken and crushed vegetation look very different from
undisturbed vegetation.
Weathering
J-36.
Weathering indicates a recent disturbance. At night, the team usually needs experience--and
light--to detect weathering.
Littering
J-37.
Littering proves humans were present and can give clues about their discipline (or lack of it),
distraction, supplies, and morale. However, it might be deliberate, that is, litter and other items left behind
might contain booby traps.
Camouflage
J-38.
Natures few straight lines tend to stand out. So do contrasting or unnatural colors, tones, and
textures such as green leaves among dead branches. For example, an infrared source will show newly
cut foliage.
MOVEMENT
J-39.
Team leaders determine the best formation and movement techniques based on METT-TC. The
file works well at night--it is easy to control and allows rapid movement through dense terrain. The only
problem is that it does not allow the team to mass fire to the front. However, its advantages usually
outweigh its disadvantages. To aid in movement control and security—
• Each Soldier must be within reach of the Soldier to his front.
• No Soldier moves unless told to do so.
• The leader(s) does the talking.
• The leader(s) positions himself far enough forward to make timely decisions to eliminate
confusion.
J -10
FM 3-55.93
Appendix K
Example Evasion and Recovery Plan
Figure K-1, page K-2, shows an example plan of action for an evasion.
Figure K-2 and Figure K-3, pages K-5 and K-6, show the front and back of an
example completed DD Form 1833.
FM 3-55.93
K -1
Glossary
Section I. ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
1SG
First Sergeant
C
CAF
combat air force
A
CAS
close air support
1SG
First Sergeant
CATS
combined arms training strategy
AAA
antiaircraft artillery
CBRN
chemical, biological, radiological,
AC2
Army airspace command and
and nuclear
control
CCA
close combat attack
AES
advanced encryption standard
CCIR
commander's critical information
ALE
automatic link establishment
requirements
ANDVT
advanced narrowband digital voice
CLS
combat life saver
terminal
COA
course of action
AO
area of operations
COB
company operations base
AOB
alternate operations base
COMSEC
communications security
AOI
area of interest
COO
combined obstacle overlay
ARNG
Army National Guard
COP
common operational picture
ARNGUS
National Guard of the United
CS
chemical agent used in riot control
States
CSAR
combat search and rescue
ASCOPE
Areas
CVW
carrier air wing
Structures
Capabilities
CYRIL
proword used to describe a
Organizations
situation report
People
D
Events
ASIP
Advanced System Improvement
DAG
division artillery group (OPFOR)
Program
DAMA
demand-assigned, multiple access
ATO
air tasking order
DAR
designated area of recovery
ATOSPIN
air tasking order special
DF
direction finding
instructions
DOD
Department of Defense
ATV
all-terrain vehicle
DP
decision point
DST
decision support template
B
DSVT
digital secure-voice terminal
BCT
brigade combat team
DTG
date-time group
BDA
battle damage asseessment
DV
digital voice
BFSB
Battlefield Surveillance Brigade
DZ
drop zone
BLOS
beyond line-of-sight
BMNT
begin morning nautical twilight
E
BRS
base radio station
E&E
escape and evasion
BSC
brigade support company
E&R
evasion and recovery
EA
electronic attack
ECCM
electronic counter-
countermeasures
FM 3-55.93
Glossary-1
Glossary
ECW
extreme cold weather
HC
hexachloroethane
EECT
end evening civil twilight
HELO
helicopter
EENT
end evening nautical twilight
HF
high frequency
EMT
emergency medical technician
HHT
headquarters and headquarters
EOM
end of message
troop
EPA
evasion plan of action
HMMWV
high-mobility, multipurpose
wheeled vehicle
ERDS
external raft delivery system
HPT
high payoff target
EW
electronic warfare
hq
headquarters (graphics only)
F
hr
hour (graphics only)
FAC
forward air controller
HUMINT
human (collected) intelligence
fax
facsimile (graphics only)
HVT
high-value target
FC
Fires Cell
I
FH
frequency hopping
FID
foreign internal defense
IBCT
Infantry brigade combat team
F-Kill
firepower kill
IFF
identification friend or foe
IHFR
improved HF radio
FLIR
forward-looking infrared
IMETS
Integrated Meteorological System
FLOT
forward line of own troops
FM
frequency modulation
IMINT
imagery intelligence
IND
individual (graphics only)
FO
forward observer
INTREP
intelligence report
FOT
frequency of transmission
FRAGO
fragmentary order
INTSUM
intelligence summary
FRIES
fast-rope insertion and extraction
IPB
intelligence preparation of the
system
battlefield
FRP
final reference point
IR
information requirements
IRP
initial reference point
FSO
fire support officer
ISOPREP
isolated personnel report
G
ISR
intelligence, surveillance, and
G-2
Assistant Chief of Staff,
reconnaissance
Intelligence
IWEDA
Integrated Weather Effects
Decision Aid
G-3
Assistant Chief of Staff,
Operations and Plans
J
G-6
Assistant Chief of Staff,
Communications
J-2
intelligence directorate of a
joint staff
GI&S
geospatial information and
J-6
communications-electronics
GIS
Geospatial Information System
directorate
GMV
ground mobility vehicle
jm
jumpmaster (graphics only)
GPS
global positioning system
JOG
joint operations graphic
GSO
ground safety officer
JPRA
Joint Personnel Recovery Agency
GSR
ground-surveillance radar
J-SEAD
joint suppression of enemy air
H
defense
JSRC
joint search and rescue center
HAHO
high altitude, high opening
JTF
joint task force
HALO
high altitude, low opening
JTRS
Joint Tactical Radio System
HCA
humanitarian and civic assistance
Glossary-2
FM 3-55.93
Glossary
K
MCOO
modified combined obstacle
overlay
Kbps
kilobits per second
MCP
main command post
KIA
killed in action
MCW
minimum clear (takeoff) width
K-Kill
catastrophic damage
MDCOA
most dangerous course of action
km
kilometers
MDMP
military decision-making process
kmph
kilometers per hour
MEDEVAC
medical evacuation
L
METT-TC
mission, terrain, enemy, troops,
time, and civil[ian considerations]
LAN
local area network
MFF
military free fall
lat
latitude (graphics only)
MHz
megahertz
LBE
load-bearing equipment
MIA
missing in action
LCE
load-carrying equipment
MICON
mission concept
LEA
law enforcement agency
MIJI
meaconing, intrusion, jamming,
LMTV
light-medium tactical vehicle
and interference
LNO
liaison officer
mm
millimeter
LOC
lines of communication
MOU
Memorandum of Understanding
long
longitude (graphics only)
MPCOA
most probable course of action
LORAN-C
Long-Range Navigation--
MPF
mission planning folder
Revision C
MRE
meal ready to eat
LOS
line of sight
MSE
mobile subscriber equipment
LQA
link quality analysis
MSIP
multispectral image processor
LRAS3
Long-Range Advanced Scout
Surveillance System
MSS
mission support site
LRS
long-range surveillance
MTP
mission training plan
LRSC
long-range surveillance company
N
LRSD
long-range surveillance
NAI
named area of interest
LRSLC
long-rangetsurveillance leaders
course
NCO
noncommissioned officer
LRSU
long-range surveillance unit
NCOIC
noncommissioned officer in charge
LTIOV
latest time information of value
NEO
noncombatant evacuation
operations
LWCSS
Lightweight Camouflage
Screening System
NFA
no-fire area
NIMA
National Imagery Mapping Agency
LZ
landing zone
NLOS
non-line of sight
M
NLT
not later than
M
meter
NM
nautical mile (1,852 meters or
MA
mission analysis
6,076 feet)
MANPADS
Man-Portable Air Defense System
NSA
National Security Agency
MASINT
measurement and signals
NSN
national stock number
intelligence
NSTV
nonstandard tactical vehicle
MBITR
multiband intra-team radio
NVG
night vision goggles
MCL
minimum clear (takeoff) length
NVIS
near-vertical incidence sky wave
MCO
major combat operations
FM 3-55.93
Glossary-3
Glossary
O
RASP
recruitment, assessment, and
selection program
OAKOC
Observation and fields of fire
Avenues of approach
RATELO
radiotelephone operator or, more
Obstacles
commonly, 'RTO' or 'radio
operator'
Key terrain
Cover and concealment
RCC
rescue coordination center
OB
order of battle
RDF
radio direction finding
obj
objective (graphics only)
RFA
restricted fire area
OE
operational environment
RFI
request for information
OIC
officer in charge
RFL
restrictive fire line
OP
observation post
RH-53
heavy assault, airlift, or
OPCON
operational control
minesweeping helicopter
RII
request for intelligence information
OPFOR
opposing force
ROE
rules of engagement
OPLAN
operation plan
opn
operation (graphics only)
RP
release point or rally point
OPORD
operation order
RSLC
Reconnaissance and Surveillance
Leader Course
OPSEC
operations security
RTO
radio telephone operator
OPTEMPO
operational tempo
rv
rendezvous (graphics only)
ORP
objective rally point
S
P
S-2
Intelligence Officer
pax
people (graphics only)
S-3
Operations and Training Officer
PC
patrol cap
S-6
C4 Operations Officer
PEO
peace enforcement operation
SAFE
selected area for evasion
PIR
priority intelligence requirements
SAID
SAFE area intelligence description
PK
peacekeeping
SALUTER
Size, Activity, Location, Unit,
PKO
peacekeeping operation
Time, Equipment, and Remarks
PL
platoon leader
SAM
surface-to-air missile
PLGR
precision lightweight GPS receiver
SARDOT
search and rescue point
plt
platoon (graphics only)
SATCOM
satellite communications
PMCS
preventive maintenance checks
SCI
sensitive, compartmented
and services
information
PO
peace operation
SEAD
suppression of enemy air defenses
POL
petroleum, oil, and lubricants
SEO
sniper employment officer
POW
prisoner of war
SERER
survival, evasion, resistance,
PR
personnel recovery
escape, recovery
PSG
platoon sergeant
SFG(A)
Special Forces Group (Airborne)
PZ
pickup zone
SIGINT
signals intelligence
SINCGARS
Single-Channel Ground and
R
Airborne Radio Subsystem
R&S
reconnaissance and surveillance
SIR
specific information requirements
RAG
regimental artillery group
SITEMP
situation template
(OPFOR)
SITMAP
situation map
SITREP
situation report
Glossary-4
FM 3-55.93
Glossary
SOCOORD
special operations coordinator
TTP
tactics, techniques, and procedures
SOF
special operations force
U
SOP
standing operating procedure
SPIES
Special Patrol Insertion and
UARM
unconventional assisted recovery
mechanism
Extraction System
SPINS
special instructions
UAS
unmanned aircraft system
SSB
single sideband
UHF
ultra high frequency
UNDER
proword used to describe a cache
SSM
surface-to-surface missile
report
STANO
surveillance, target acquisition,
USAF
United States Air Force
and night observation
USAR
United States Army Reserve
STAR
surface to air recovery
surv
surveillance (graphics only)
USSOCOM
United States Special Operations
Command
T
V
TACAIR
tactical air
VHF
very high frequency
TACCP
tactical command post
VoIP
voice over Internet protocol
TACP
tactical air-control party
VSWR
voltage standing wave radio
TACSAT
tactical satellite
TAI
target area of interest
W
TC
training circular
WAN
wide area network
tgt
target (graphics only)
WARNO
warning order
THFRS
Transformation High-Frequency
WFF
warfighting function
Radio System
WWII
World War II
TL
team leader
wx
weather (graphics only)
TLP
troop leading procedures
tm
team (graphics only)
XYZ
TOC
tactical operations center
XO
Executive Officer
TOE
table of organization and
equipment
TRAP
tactical recovery of personnel
Section II. TERMS
B
G
backbrief A briefing by subordinates to the
gazetteer
geographic dictionary or other
commander to review how
publication that focuses on
subordinates intend to accomplish
geographic and regional traits
their mission
gridded
imagery with grid-zone
satellite
identifiers
C
imagery
critical frequency the highest frequency bent back
H
to earth
handshake the exchange of informtion
between two electronic devices
FM 3-55.93
Glossary-5
Glossary
N
U
net a group of communications
unilateral undertaken by one person or
stations operating under unified
party; one-sided
control
W
O
waveform graphic representation of a
outstation a remote or outlying station
wave shape that represents the
relationship between two
ordnance explosives, chemicals,
variables such as amplitude and
pyrotechnics, and similar
frequency
such as bombs, guns and
ammunition, flares, smoke, or
napalm
Glossary-2
FM 3-55.93
References
REQUIRED PUBLICATIONS
These documents must be available to the intended users of this publication.
ARMY REGULATIONS
AR 40-400. Patient Administration. 06 February 2008
AR 350-1. Army Training and Leader Development. 03 August 2007.
AR 385-63. Range Safety. 19 May 2003. .
AR 600-9. The Army Weight Control Program. 27 November 2006. ARMY TRAINING AND
EVALUATION PROGRAM
ARTEP 7-1-DRILL. Warrior Battle Drills. 20 July 2006.
FIELD MANUALS
FM 3-0. Operations. 27 February 2008
FM 3-01.4. J-SEAD, Multi-service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Joint Suppression of Enemy
Air Defenses. 28 May 2004.
FM 3-04.15. Multi-service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for the Tactical Employment of
Unmanned Aircraft Systems. 3 August 2006.
FM 3-04.113. Utility and Cargo Helicopter Operations. 7 December 2007.
FM 3-05.211. Special Forces Military Free-fall Operations. 06 April 2005.
FM 3-05.212. Special Forces Waterborne Operations. 31 August 2004.
FM 3-06. Urban Operations. 26 October 2006.
FM 3-06.11. Combined Arms Operations in Urban Terrain. 28 February 2002.
FM 3-07. Stability Operations and Support Operations. 20 February 2003, with Change 1,
30 April 2003.
FM 3-09.32. (JFIRE) Multi-service Tactis, Techniques, and Procedures for the Joint Application of
Firepower. 20 December 2007.
FM 3-11. Multiservice Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical
Defense Operations. 10 March 2003.
FM 3-11.3. Multiservice Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Chemical, Biological, Radiological
and Nuclear Contamination Avoidance. 2 February 2006.
FM 3-11.4. Multiservice Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Nuclear, Biological, and Nuclear
(NBC) Protection. 2 June 2003.
FM 3-11.5. Multiservice Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Chemical, Biological, Radiological,
and Nuclear Decontamination. 4 April 2006.
FM 3-11.19. Multiservice Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical
Reconnaissance. 30 July 2004.
FM 3-19.30. Physical Security. 8 Jan 2001.
FM 3-55.93
References-1
References
FM 3-21.10. The Infantry Rifle Company. 27 July 2006.
FM 3-21.92. (FM 7-92). The Infantry Reconnaissance Platoon and Squad (Airborne, Air Assault, Light
Infantry) 23 December 1992
FM 3-21.220. Static Line Parachuting Techniques and Training. 23 September 2003.
FM 3-24 . Counterinsurgency. 15 December 2006.
FM 3-34.210. Explosives Hazards Operations. 07 March 2007.
FM 3-97.6. Mountain Operations. 28 November 2000.
FM 4-01.011. Unit Movement Operations. 31 October 2002.
FM 4-02. Force Health Protection in a Global Environment. 13 February 2003.
FM 4-25.11. First Aid. 23 December 2002; with Change 1 23 December 2002.
FM 4-25.12. Unit Field Sanitation Team. 25 January 2002.
FM 4-30.31. Recovery and Battle Damage Assessment and Repair. 19 September 2006
FM 5-103. Survivability. 10 June 1985.
FM 6-0. Mission Command: Command and Control of Army Forces. 11 August 2003
FM 6-22.5. Combat Stress. 23 June 2000.
FM 6-30. Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Observed Fire. 16 July 1991
FM 7-15. The Army Universal Task List. 31 August 2003; with Change 1,
18 March 2005; with Change 2, 6 July 2006.
FM 7-0. Training the Force. 22 October 2002.
FM 7-1. Battle-Focused Training. 15 September 2003.
FM 7-93. Long-Range Surveillance Unit Operations. 03 October 1995
FM 8-42. Combat Health Support in Stability Operations and Support Operations. 27 October 1997.
. Mine/Countermine Operations. 29 May 1998, with Changes 1 through 5, 30 June 1999 through
1 April 2005.
FM 21-10. Field Hygiene and Sanitation. 21 June 2000.
FM 22-6. Guard Duty. 17 September 1971, with Change 1, 15 January 1975.
FM 27-10. The Law of Land Warfare. 18 July 1956, with Change 1, 15 July 1976.
GRAPHIC TRAINING AIDS
GTA 01-14-001. Battle Damage Assessment & Repair Smart Book. 1 March 2007.
HANDBOOK
Handbook Risk Assessment.
SH 21-76. Ranger Handbook. 2006.
References-2
FM 3-55.93
References
INTERNET
Some of the documents listed elsewhere in the References, as well as all of the individual and
tasks referred to in this publication, may be accessed at one the following Army websites:
Air Force Pubs
Army Forms
Army Knowledge Online
Digital Training Management System
https://dtms.army.mil/DTMS (individual and collective tasks)
NATO ISAs
Reimer Digital Library
JOINT PUBLICATIONS
JP 0-02. Unified Action Armed Forces (UNAFF). 10 July 2001.
JP 3-07.1. Joint TTP for Foreign Internal Defense. 30 April 2004.
OTHER
Harris Corporation. Operator’s Manuals for the AN/PRC-117, AN/PRC-150, and AN/PRC-152, 2005
through 2007. http://premier.harris.com/rfcomm.
Thales Corporation. Operators Manual for the AN/PRC-148. October 2004.
USSOCOM Reg 350-6. Special Operations Infiltration/Exfiltration Operations. 25 August 2004.
SOLDIER TRAINING PUBLICATIONS
STP 21-1-SMCT. Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks, Warrior Skills Level 1. 14 December 2007.
STP 21-24-SMCT. Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks, Warrior Leader Skill Levels 2, 3, and 4. 2
October 2006.
TECHNICAL MANUALS
TM 11-5820-467-15. Operators, Organizational, Field and Depot Maintenance Manual Antenna
Group, AN/GRA-50. 19 July 1961.
TM 11-5820-887-10. Operator's ManualDigital Message Device Group, 0A-8990/P. 20 August 1982.
TM 11-5820-919-12. Operator's and Organizational Maintenance ManualRadio Set, AN/PRC-104A.
15 January 1986.
TM 11-5820-923-12. Operator's and Organizational Maintenance Manual Radio Set, AN/GRC-213.
14 February 1986.
TM 11-5820-924-13. Operator's, Organizational and Direct Support Maintenance Manual for Radio
Set, AN/GRC-193A. 14 February 1986.
TM 11-5820-1025-10. Operator's Manual for Radio Set AN/PRC-126. 1 February 1988.
FM 3-55.93
References-3
References
TRAINING CIRCULARS
TC 21-24. Rappelling. 09 January 2008
RELATED PUBLICATIONS
These documents are quoted or paraphrased in this publication.
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY PAMPHLET
DA Pamphlet 350-38. Standards in Weapons Training. 2008.
FIELD MANUALS
FM 1-02. Operational Terms and Graphics. 21 September 2004.
FM 2-0. Intelligence. 17 May 2004.
FM 3-0. Operations.February 2008.
FM 3-05.70. Survival. 17 May 2002.
FM 3-05.102. Army Special Operations Forces Intelligence. 31 August 2001.
FM 3-21.8. Infantry Rifle Platoon and Squad. 28 March 2007.
FM 3-21.20. The Infantry Battalion. 13 December 2006.
FM 3-21.38. Pathfinder Operations. 25 April 2006.
FM 3-22.10. Sniper Training and Operations. TBP.
FM 3-25.26. Map Reading and Land Navigation. 18 January 2005; with Change 1, 30 August 2006.
FM 3-50.1. Army Personnel Recovery. 10 August 2005.
FM 3-50.3. Multi-service Procedures for Survival, Evasion and Recovery.
20 March 2007.
FM 3-50.210. Special Forces Air Operations. 31 August 2004.
FM 3-90.15. Sensitive Site Operations. 25 April 2007.
FM 5-0. Army Planning and Orders Production. 20 January 2005.
FMI 5-0.1. The Operations Process. 31 March 2006.
FM 5-19. Composite Risk Management. 21 August 2006.
FM 5-33. Terrain Analysis. 11 July 1990.
FM 5-170. Engineer Reconnaissance. 5 May 1998; with Change 1, 13 July 1998.
FM 6-02.72. Tactical Radios Multiservice Communications Procedures for Tactical Radios in a Joint
Environment. 14 June 2002.
FM 6-02.74. Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for the High Frequency Automatic Link
Establishment (HF-ALE) Radios. 20 November 2007.
FM 6-02.90. Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Ultra High Frequency Tactical
Satellite and Demand Assigned Multiple Access Operations (UHF TACSAT/DAMA).
31 August 2004.
FM 6-99.2. US Army Report and Message Formats. 30 April 2007.
References-4
FM 3-55.93
References
FM 7-85. Ranger Unit Operations. 9 June 1987.
FM 7-92 . The Infantry Reconnaissance Platoon and Squad (Airborne, Air Assault, Light Infantry).
13 December 2001.
FM 17-95. Cavalry Operations. 24 December 1996.
FM 34-130. Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield. 8 July 1994.
FM 90-4. Air Assault Operations. 16 March 1987.
JOINT PUBLICATIONS
JP 1. Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States. 14 May 2007.
JP 1-02. Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms. 30 May 2008
JP 3-50. Personnel Recovery. 5 January 2007.
OTHER
Combined Arms Center Publication Operational and Organizational Concept for the Battlefield
Surveillance Brigade (BFSB). 14 November 2000.
Technical Memo 5-87. Modern Experience in City Combat, US Army Human Engineering Laboratory,
March 1987.
REFERENCED FORMS
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY FORMS
DA Form 1156. Casualty Feeder Card. March 2007.
DA Form 1306. Statement of Jump and Loading Manifest. May 1963.
DA Form 1594. Daily Staff Journal or Duty Officer's Log. November 1962.
DA Form 2404. Equipment Inspection and Maintenance Worksheet. April 1979.
DA Pamphlet 350-38. Standards in Weapons Training. 2008.
FM 3-55.93
References-5
|