FM 4-20.105 AIRDROP OF SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT: DUAL ROW AIRDROP SYSTEMS (SEPTEMBER 2003) - page 1

 

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FM 4-20.105 AIRDROP OF SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT: DUAL ROW AIRDROP SYSTEMS (SEPTEMBER 2003) - page 1

 

 

C1, FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
Field Manual
Headquarters
No 4-20.105
Department of the Army
Technical Order
and the Air Force
No 13C7-1-51
Washington, DC, 1 April 2002
Airdrop of Supplies and Equipment:
Dual Row Airdrop System
Contents
Page
Preface
vii
Chapter 1
Airdrop Information
Responsibilities
1-1
Type and Method of Airdrop
1-1
Maximum Rigged Weight
1-2
Accompanying Loads
1-2
Center of Balance
1-2
Items and Loads Dropped in Cold Climates
1-2
Safety Precautions
1-2
Knots
1-4
Chapter 2
Rigging Information
Section I
Dual Row Airdrop System Platform
Use
2-1
Platform Limitations
2-2
Distribution Restrictions: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
C1, FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
Page
Section II
Airdrop Supplies and Equipment
Commonly Used Items
2-2
Inspection of Items
2-3
Section III
Suspension Slings
Cargo Slings
2-7
Requirements
2-7
Section IV
Lashings
Use
2-9
Components and Strengths
2-9
Section V
Cargo Parachutes
Use
2-11
Types
2-11
Riser Extensions
2-12
Section VI
Parachute Restraint System
Use
2-13
Description
2-13
Section VII
Release Assemblies
Use
2-14
Description
2-14
Inspecting and Maintaining
2-14
Operation
2-14
Section VIII
Outrigger Assembly
Use
2-17
Inspecting and Maintaining
2-17
Section IX
Deployment Parachute and Deployment Line
Use
2-18
Inspecting and Maintaining
2-18
Section X
Transportation of Rigged Loads
Responsibilities
2-19
Typical Loading and Transporting Equipment
2-19
ii
C1, FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
Page
Chapter 3
Procedural Information
Section I
Platform and Honeycomb Preparation
Inspecting Platform
3-1
Preparing the Platform
3-1
Suspending DRAS Platform Loads and Safety Tieing Suspension Slings
3-1
Building Honeycomb Stacks
3-5
Placing Honeycomb Stacks
3-6
Drive-off Aid Airdrop
3-7
Section II
Accompanying Load and Drop Items
Stowing Accompanying Load
3-8
Preparing Drop Items
3-8
Covering Load
3-8
Fitting D-rings
3-9
Lashing Load
3-9
Safety Tieing Load Binder Handles
3-11
Forming a 30-Foot, 45-Foot, or Greater Length Tiedown Strap
3-12
Section III
Cargo Parachutes
Riser Extensions
3-13
Stowing Riser Extensions
3-15
Stowing Cargo Parachutes
3-18
Using Deployment Lines
3-18
Restraining Two to Four Parachutes
3-22
Section IV
Deployment Line and Parachute
Attaching the Deployment Line
3-28
Positioning and Securing the Deployment Parachute and Line
3-29
Section V
Release Assemblies
M-1 Cargo Parachute Release
3-31
Attaching Parachute Risers to the Parachute Release
3-39
Section VI
Attitude Control Systems (ACS)
Attitude Control System
3-40
Section VII
Installing Outrigger Assembly
Platform Fitting Assembly (PFA) Weldment and Link Assemblies
3-43
Outrigger Mast and Foot
3-43
iii
C1, FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
Page
Section VIII
Load Marking and Inspection
Marking Rigged Load
3-47
Types of Inspections
3-48
Chapter 4
Rigging Dual Row Airdrop System (DRAS) M998/M1038/M1097 Cargo/Troop
Carrier HMMWV
Description of Load
4-1
Preparing Platform
4-2
Building and Placing Honeycomb Stack
4-3
Installing Optional Drive-off Aid on Platform
4-6
Preparing Truck
4-6
Stowing Accompanying Load
4-19
Lifting and Positioning Truck and Installing Optional Drive-off Aids
4-23
Lashing Truck
4-24
Installing Suspension Slings and Lashing Attitude Control System
4-28
Installing Outrigger Assemblies
4-34
Stowing Cargo Parachutes
4-34
Stowing Deployment Parachute
4-35
Installing Parachute Release System
4-36
Installing Mast Release Knives
4-38
Marking Rigged Load
4-39
Equipment Required
4-39
Chapter 5
Rigging Dual Row Airdrop System (DRAS) M1025/ M1121/ M1114 Armament/Tow
Carrier HMMWV
Section I
Rigging Dual Row Airdrop System (DRAS) M1025/ M1121 Armament/Tow Carrier
HMMWV
Description of Load
5-1
Preparing Platform
5-2
Building and Placing Honeycomb Stack
5-2
Installing Optional Drive-off Aid on Platform
5-2
Preparing M1025/M1121Truck
5-2
Stowing Accompanying Load in M1025 Armament Carrier
5-8
Stowing Accompanying Load in M1121 Tow Carrier
5-14
Preparing Roof of TOW Carriers
5-17
Lifting and Positioning Truck and Installing Optional Drive-off Aids
5-19
Lashing Truck
5-19
Installing Suspension Slings and Attitude Control System
5-19
Installing Outrigger Assemblies
5-26
Stowing Cargo Parachutes
5-26
Stowing Deployment Parachute
5-26
Installing M-1 Parachute Release System
5-28
iv
C1, FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
Page
Installing Mast Release Knives
5-29
Marking Rigged Load
5-30
Equipment Required
5-30
Section II
Rigging Dual Row Airdrop System (DRAS) M1114 Up-Armored HMWWV DRAS
Description of Load
5-34
Preparing Platform
5-35
Building and Placing Honeycomb Stacks
5-36
Preparing the Truck
5-41
Stowing the Accompanying Load in M1114
5-48
Preparing Roof of M1114
5-50
Lifting and Positioning Truck and Installing Optional Drive-off Aids
5-53
Lashing Truck
5-53
Installing Attitude Control System and Suspension Slings
5-57
Installing Outrigger Assemblies
5-61
Stowing Cargo Parachutes
5-61
Stowing Deployment Parachute
5-62
Installing M-1 Parachute Release System
5-63
Installing Mast Release Knives
5-65
Marking Rigged Load
5-66
Equipment Required
5-66
Chapter 6
Rigging Dual Row Airdrop System (DRAS) M119 105-Millimeter Howitzer
and Accompanying Load
Description of Load
6-1
Preparing Platform
6-1
Stowing Accompanying Load
6-3
Building and Placing Honeycomb Stacks
6-9
Preparing Howitzer
6-13
Lifting and Positioning Howitzer
6-25
Stowing Fuse Boxes
6-26
Building and Placing the Attitude Control System (ACS) Bridge Support
6-28
Lashing Howitzer
6-30
Installing ACS and Suspension Slings
6-32
Installing Outrigger Assemblies
6-37
Stowing Cargo Parachutes
6-37
Stowing Deployment Parachute
6-40
Installing Parachute Release System
6-41
Installing Mast Release Knives
6-42
Marking Rigged Load
6-43
Equipment Required
6-43
v
C1, FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
Chapter 7
Rigging Dual Row Airdrop System (DRAS) M101A1 or M101A2, 3/4-Ton
Cargo Trailer With Accompanying Loads
Description of Load
7-1
Preparing Platform
7-1
Positioning and Lashing Accompanying Loads on Platform
7-3
Building and Placing Honeycomb Stack
7-11
Preparing the Trailer
7-15
Stowing Accompanying Load and Trailer Components in Trailer
7-17
Securing Trailer Support Stand and Installing Lifting Slings
7-28
Positioning Trailer
7-29
Lashing Trailer
7-30
Building and Installing Parachute Stowage Platform
7-32
Building and Positioning Attitude Control System (ACS) Stacks
7-34
Installing Suspension Slings and Attitude Control System (ACS)
7-36
Installing Outrigger Assemblies
7-41
Stowing Cargo Parachutes
7-41
Stowing Deployment Parachute
7-42
Installing Parachute Release System
7-43
Installing Mast Release Knives
7-44
Marking Rigged Load
7-45
Equipment Required
7-45
Appendix A
A-1
Glossary
Glossary-1
References
References-1
vi
C1, FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
PREFACE
The purpose of this manual is to provide the latest approved procedures for
rigging Dual Row Airdrop System (DRAS) airdrop platforms. This manual is
SCOPE
written for use by the parachute rigger.
The procedures contained in this manual are typical and serve as the standard
from which all DRAS platform rigging is derived. Due to the uniqueness of
some equipment and items, the procedures in a specific rigging chapter
may be different from those in chapters 1 through 3. When procedures
are different, those in the specific chapter will be followed.
When an item of equipment is specified to be used for which its
minimum or maximum capacity is exceeded, a notice of exception
will be printed at the beginning of each paragraph in each rigging
chapter where the exception is authorized.
Chapters 1 and 2 contain specific limitations and general information about the
rigging of DRAS airdrop platform loads for low-velocity airdrop from the C-17
(Globemaster) aircraft.
Chapter 3 shows and tells how to prepare, attach, and safety tie some of the
components and systems used in the specific rigging chapters of the FM 4-
20.105/TO 13C7-1-51.
USER INFORMATION
The proponent of this publication is HQ TRADOC. You are encouraged to
report any errors or omissions and to suggest ways of making this a better
manual.
Army personnel, send your comments on DA Form 2028 directly to:
Director
Aerial Delivery and Field Services Department
USA Quartermaster Center and School
1010 Shop Road
Fort Lee, Virginia 23801-1502
Air Force personnel, route your reports on AFTO Form 22 through your
respective command Weapons and Tactics to:
Headquarters
Air Mobility Command (AMC/DOKT)
402 Scott Drive, Unit 3AI
Scott AFB, Illinois 62225-5302
vii
C1, FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
Air Force personnel in Special Operations Command, send your reports on AFTO Form 22.
HQ AMC/DOK will consolidate and forward changes to:
Director
Aerial Delivery and Field Services Department
USA Quartermaster Center and School
1010 Shop Road
Fort Lee, Virginia 23801-1502
Also send an information copy of AFTO Form 22 to:
WR-ALC/LKCB
460 Richard Ray Blvd
Robins AFB, Georgia 31098-1640
viii
FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
Chapter 1
Airdrop Information
RESPONSIBILITIES
1-1. US Air Force personnel are responsible for loading rigged Dual Row Airdrop
System (DRAS) platform loads into the C-17 (Globemaster) aircraft and install-
ing and operating the airdrop system.
TYPE AND METHOD OF AIRDROP
1-2. As used in this manual, DRAS allows platforms to be loaded side-by-side
inside C-17 aircraft. DRAS airdrop is designed to supplement the usual surface
methods of delivering supplies and equipment to forces in the field.
a. Type of Airdrop. Currently the only type of airdrop used to deliver
platform loads is low-velocity airdrop. DRAS low-velocity airdrop deliv-
ers platform loads from C-17 aircraft. The G-11D cargo parachutes are
used to slow the descent of the loads to ensure minimum landing shock.
The number of cargo parachutes can vary as shown in Table 1-1. Loads
with different quantities of the same type parachute may be airdropped
from the same aircraft or element provided the following conditions are
met:
(1) Airdrop altitude for the aircraft or element will be determined by
the type and number of parachutes on the load requiring the
highest airdrop altitude.
(2) Aircraft or elements with lower airdrop altitudes will drop before
aircraft or elements with higher airdrop altitudes.
(3) The transported force accepts strike report responsibility for
loads other than the first platform to exit the aircraft or element
lead for formation airdrops.
Table 1-1. Type and Number of Parachutes for Low-Velocity Airdrop
MINIMUM DROP ALTITUDE
PARACHUTES
(FEET AGL )
G-11D
1,00
0
2to
4
CAUTION
Drop altitudes reflect MINIMUM drop altitudes.
b. Method of Airdrop. The gravity method is used for DRAS platform
loads delivered by low-velocity airdrop. The aircraft flies at an incline of
approximately 4 degrees, the locks holding the platforms are removed,
and the loads roll out of the aircraft by gravitational pull.
1-1
FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
MAXIMUM RIGGED WEIGHT
1-3. The weight cited in the rigged load data for each specific load is typical for
the load as shown. Some amount of overweight is allowed as long as load
dimensions and rigging procedures are not changed. The maximum rigged weight
for a DRAS platform is 14,500 pounds.
NOTE: When a maximum allowable rigged weight is specified in the rigged load data,
this weight is the absolute maximum and will not be exceeded.
ACCOMPANYING LOADS
1-4. Accompanying loads are items of supplies and equipment that may be added
to a primary load. Each airdrop chapter states whether an accompanying load is
authorized.
CENTER OF BALANCE
1-5. The center of balance (CB) of a DRAS airdrop platform load is
based on the total rigged weight and is given in the rigging chapter for
a particular item. The CB must fall between 85 and 99 inches from
the front of the platform. The CB of each load must be verified.
Methods for computing the CB are in Appendix A.
ITEMS AND LOADS DROPPED IN COLD CLIMATES
1-6. Some items to be dropped may have been modified for use in cold climates
by the installation of extra equipment. Special rigging procedures may be
needed when the drop item has been so modified. When loads are to be dropped
in cold climates, all excess webbing of suspension slings and tie-down straps
must be folded and tied with type I, 1/4-inch cotton webbing.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
1-7. Safety precautions MUST be closely followed when airdrop platform loads
are rigged. Failure to follow the precautions could result in serious injury to
personnel or damage to the drop item or aircraft. The following safety precau-
tions shall be taken by the rigger:
a. Make sure that when lifting heavy items, the liftingdevice has a rated
lifting capacity that exceeds the weight of the item to be lifted.
b. Be sure that items being lifted are secured to the lifting device.
c. Avoid working under equipment suspended above a DRAS airdrop
platform unless absolutely necessary.
d. Cover all wet cell batteries in service with plastic or nonflammable
material.
1-2
FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
e. Check fuel tanks to ensure that they do not exceed the fuel level of the
specific rigging chapter. Check fuel tanks of small engines to make sure
they are drained. Check fuel cans to make sure they are performance-
oriented packaging approved. When stowing fuel cans, use cellulose
wadding or other suitable material to prevent metal-to-metal contact.
f.
Package, mark, and label hazardous materials according to
AFJMAN 24-204/TM 38-250.
CAUTION
Only ammunition listed in FM 10-500-53/MCRP 4-3.8/
TO 13C7-18-41 may be airdropped.
1-3
FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
KNOTS
1-8. Some of the knots used for rigging platform loads are shown in Figure 1-1.
Figure 1-1. Knots Used During Rigging
1-4
FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
1
Make an overhand knot in one end.
2
Follow the curve back in the reverse direction with the other end.
NOTES: 1. There is no need to safety tie the ends when webbing is used.
2. Be sure the knot is neat, so as to tell if it is tied correctly.
3. This knot will jam after heavy loading.
Ring Bend Knot used on the Drive-off Aid
SLIP KNOT
Note: Draw knots tight.
Figure 1-1. Knots Used During Rigging (Continued)
1-5
FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
Chapter 2
Rigging Information
SECTION I - DUAL ROW AIRDROP SYSTEM PLATFORM
USE
2-1. The DRAS platform, as shown in Figure 2-1, serves as the base on
which supplies and equipment are restrained. This platform also supports the
load during the extraction, parachute deployment, suspension, and recovery
phases. The DRAS platform is used for low-velocity airdrop. The DRAS
platform is 18 feet long. The assembled platform is 88 inches wide. A detailed
description of this platform is in TM 10-1670-268-20&P/TO 13C7-52-22.
The DRAS platform spreads the shock of ground impact. The outrigger assem-
bly helps to prevent the platform from rolling over. Limitations for the DRAS
platform are listed in Table 2-1.
Figure 2-1. Dual Row Airdrop System Platform
Table 2-1. Limitations for DRAS Platform when Dropping from a C-17 Aircraft
Length
Width
Weight
Platform
Minimum
Maximum
(Feet)
(Inches)
(Pounds)
Surface
Rigge d
Rigge d
(Square
Weigh t
Weigh t
Feet)
(Pounds)
(Pounds)
18
88
1,590
w/o outriggers
132
7,500
14,500
18
88
1,942
w/ outriggers
132
7,500
14,500
2-1
FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
PLATFORM LIMITATIONS
2-2. The C-17 (Globemaster) aircraft is specifically designed to deliver supplies
and equipment using the DRAS during airborne operations. Platform loads are
generally restricted to a height of 118 inches. Platform loads are generally
restricted to a weight of 14,500 pounds. For multiple platforms, up to 116,000
pounds of airdrop load may be airdropped. The aircraft has a capability of eight
DRAS platforms, six on the floor and two on the ramp.
SECTION II - AIRDROP SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT
COMMONLY USED ITEMS
2-3. Items commonly used for rigging DRAS platform loads are described in this
section. Each rigging chapter in FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51 contains one or
more tables of equipment required. These tables list the NSN, item, and quan-
tity of each item needed to prepare and rig the load covered in that chapter.
Standard DRAS hardware items are shown in Figure 2-2. Standard DRAS
straps and canvas items are shown in Figure 2-3. Some textile, wood, and
miscellaneous items are described below.
a.
Textile Items. The most common textile items and their uses are as
follows:
(1) Type III nylon cord is used to make safety ties and to hold items in
place. It has a tensile strength of 550 pounds.
(2) 1/2-inch tubular nylon webbing is used to secure items during
airdrop. It has a tensile strength of 1,000 pounds.
(3) 5/8-inch or 9/16-inch tubular nylon webbing may be used for
parachute clustering ties in place of 1/2-inch tubular nylon webbing.
Five eighths inch tubular nylon webbing has a tensile strength of
2,250 pounds and 9/16-inch tubular nylon webbing has a tensile
strength of 1,500 pounds.
(4) 3/4-inch tubular nylon webbing is used to secure items during
airdrop. It has a tensile strength of 2,300 pounds.
(5) Type VIII nylon webbing is used for parachute restraint and to
safety tie the outrigger foot assembly. It has a tensile strength of
3,600 pounds.
(6) Type I 1/4-inch cotton webbing is used to make safety ties and
to hold items in place. It has a tensile strength of 80 pounds.
2-2
FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
b. Wood Items. Wood items used when DRAS loads are rigged for specific
airdrop are made locally. Details for building these wood items are in
the rigging chapter.
NOTE: Plywood will be grade AC or AD.
c.
Miscellaneous Items. Miscellaneous items that may be used when a
platform load is rigged are discussed below. The proper use of these
items will be covered in detail in the specific rigging chapter for the
load.
(1) Adhesive tape (masking tape), 2 inches wide, is used to secure
folds of excess webbing. It is also used to protect honeycomb from
being cut by type III nylon cord and to hold padding in place. It can
be used for other tasks also.
(2) Type IV, cloth-backed adhesive tape, 2 inches wide, is used to
protect honeycomb from being cut by type III nylon cord and to hold
padding in place. It can be used for other tasks also.
CAUTION
The type IV, cloth-backed adhesive tape, will not be
used to secure folds of deployment lines.
(3) Cellulose wadding and felt sheets have many uses. They may
be used to pad fragile items, to prevent sharp edges from cutting,
and to protect slings during airdrop.
(4) Energy-dissipating pads (honeycomb) are used to absorb the
landing shock. Honeycomb is also used to level, pad, and fill empty
spaces.
INSPECTION OF ITEMS
2-4. Canvas, metal, webbing, and wood items are inspected according to
TM 10-1670-296-20&P/TO 13C7-49-2.
2-3
FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
2
1
3
4
6
5
1
The large clevis is used to group bridles and attach riser extensions to the G-11D cargo
parachute. The clevis is used in other places, as indicated in the specific rigging chapter.
2
The medium clevis is used as a guide for the suspension slings on the attitude control
system. Other uses are given in the specific rigging chapter.
3
The 10,000-pound load binder is used to hook two D-rings together or to hook a D-ring to a
platform tiedown clevis on the airdrop platform.
4
The heavy-duty D-ring is used with a 15-foot tiedown strap.
5
The platform clevis is attached to the side rails of the DRAS platform in order to secure the
load.
6
The 3 3/4-inch, two-point link assembly is used to join suspension slings and to attach the
deployment line to the deployment parachute adapter web.
Figure 2-2. Hardware Items Used for Rigging DRAS Loads
2-4
FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
8
7
7
The guillotine-type knife is used on parachute release straps to cut the parachute restraint
straps. The guillotine knife is also used to cut the outrigger vertical restraint ties.
8
The Attitude Control System (ACS) is a locally fabricated item used as a spreader bar on all
loads. The ACS also helps to control the attitude of the platform during extraction of the
load. Each load requires two ACSs. The fabrication procedures are shown in Figure 3-32.
Figure 2-2. Hardware Items Used for Rigging DRAS Loads (continued)
2-5
FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
Knife 1
Knife 2
Knife 3
1
2
3
4
1
The multicut parachute release strap is used to cut one to four parachute restraint straps
on a DRAS load. The strap comes with three guillotine-type release knives. Knives that are
not being used are removed. This release strap is always used in pairs.
2
The CGU-1/B aircraft cargo tiedown is used to safety the outriggers in the vertical position
and on the ACS. The strap is removed from the outriggers prior to airdrop.
3
The 15-foot dacron tiedown strap is used to lash a DRAS load to the platform. Other uses
of this strap are covered in the specific rigging chapter.
4
The large clevis cover is used on the large clevis when the clevis is used to join the risers of
a cargo parachute to a riser extension.
Figure 2-3. Straps and Canvas Items Used for Rigging DRAS Loads
2-6
FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
SECTION III - SUSPENSION SLINGS
CARGO SLINGS
2-5. Cargo slings (Figure 2-4) are used as suspension slings on DRAS loads.
These slings suspend the load under the cargo parachutes during descent.
Suspension slings connect the cargo parachute to the load using a parachute
release assembly. Cargo slings may also be used as deployment lines and to
extend the risers of cargo parachutes. Cargo slings are also used in the fabrica-
tion of the ACS.
1
1
Each sling is made with continuous loops. The loops are 1 3/4-inch-wide, type XXVI nylon
webbing. They are held together with keepers of 1-inch, nylon reinforced tape. Each sling
has a sliding webbing keeper and a cotton or nylon buffer at each end.
NOTES: 1. The keeper at each end of the sling must be drawn snugly against the
object on which the sling is fitted.
2. Suspension slings on DRAS loads will have the nylon buffers removed
to fit on the lower suspension links of the M-1 parachute release assem-
bly.
Figure 2-4. Cargo Slings
REQUIREMENTS
2-6. Loads rigged for use on the DRAS require 4-loop, type XXVI nylon
suspension slings. The type and length of cargo slings authorized for use on a
DRAS load are listed in Table 2-2.
2-7
FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
Table 2-2. Cargo Slings for DRAS Airdrop
Length
Number of
Type of Nylon
National Stock Number
(feet)
Loops
Webbin g
1670-01-062-6306
3
4
XXV I
1670-01-062-6310
11
4
XXV I
1670-01-063-7761
16
2
XXV I
1670-01-062-6302
20
2
XXV I
1670-01-062-6313
60
3
XXV I
2-8
FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
SECTION IV - LASHINGS
USE
2-7. The drop item and the accompanying load are lashed to the platform to
prevent damage to the load or to the aircraft during airdrop. The accompanying
load is lashed to the platform to withstand the same force as the drop item.
COMPONENTS AND STRENGTHS
2-8. The components of the lashings used on DRAS loads are shown in Figure
2-5. The maximum strengths of the various forms of lashings are given in
Figure 2-6.
1
2
3
1
15-foot dacron tiedown strap.
2
Heavy-duty D-ring.
3
10,000-pound-capacity load binder.
Figure 2-5. Components of a Tiedown Assembly
2-9
FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
Platform
Platform
1
Single line configuration.
A dacron lashing routed in a single line configuration has a maximum strength of 6000
pounds when attached to a DRAS platform side rail and a tiedown clevis. It has a maximum
strength of 4,000 pounds when attached to a panel tiedown ring.
2
Platform
Item
2
Double line (floating binder) configuration.
A dacron lashing routed in a double line configuration has a maximum strength of 10,000
pounds when attached to a DRAS platform side rail and a tiedown clevis. It has a maximum
strength of 4,000 pounds when attached to a panel tiedown ring.
Figure 2-6. Strengths of Dacron Lashings
2-10
FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
SECTION V - CARGO PARACHUTES
USE
2-9. Cargo parachutes, also called recovery parachutes, are used to slow the
descent of a DRAS platform load. Table 2-3 lists the weight limitations
for cargo parachutes used with DRAS platform loads.
Table 2-3. General Weight Limitations for Cargo Parachutes
*Suspended Weight in Pounds
Parachutes
Minimum
Maximum
G-11D
2
6,95
0
8,49
9
3
8,50
0
12,799
4
12,750
13,400
*Suspended weight in pounds is the total rigged weight less the weight of the cargo
parachutes.
TYPES
2-10. The G-11D cargo parachute is used when loads are rigged for DRAS.
The parachute has a 100-foot-diameter canopy. It has 120 suspension lines (35-
foot, type III nylon cord). The parachute has four 2-second cutters and four 12-
foot reusable reefing lines. When packed, the assembly weighs 250 pounds.
2-11
FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
RISER EXTENSIONS
2-11. Cargo parachutes are used in a cluster. When parachutes are used in a
cluster, the risers of each parachute are lengthened so the canopies remain
almost vertical as they descend to increase the effectiveness of each canopy. The
length of a riser extension and the number of stows used in stowing the exten-
sions are given in Table 2-4.
Table 2-4. Riser Requirements for G-11D Cargo Parachute Clusters
Number of
Length of Riser
Number of Extension
Type XXVI Nylon
Parachutes
Extension (feet)
Stow s
Webbing Sling s
in Cluster
2
20
2
20-foot (2-loop
)
3or
4
60
8
60-foot (3-loop
)
NOTES:
1. All riser extensions must be continuous type XXVI nylon slings and have identical
riser extensions and each must be of the same length.
2. For proper stowing procedures for G-11D, see Chapter 3 .
2-12
FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
SECTION VI - PARACHUTE RESTRAINT SYSTEM
USE
2-12. A parachute restraint system, consisting of one or two restraint straps
and two multicut parachute release straps, is used on all DRAS platform loads
rigged with two or more cargo parachutes.
DESCRIPTION
2-13. When the force is transferred from the deployment parachute to the
deployment line, it pulls on the clevis to which the release straps are secured.
This pull causes the knives on the release straps to cut the restraint straps and
allows the cargo parachutes to deploy. Parachute restraint straps are made
from lengths of type VIII nylon webbing as shown in Figure 2-7.
1
1
Restraint straps made from lengths of type VIII nylon webbing are used to restrain two to
four cargo parachutes.
NOTE: The number and type of parachute restraint straps to be used on a
particular load may be found in the specific rigging chapter.
Figure 2-7. Webbing Used for Parachute Restraint Straps
2-13
FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
SECTION VII - RELEASE ASSEMBLIES
USE
2-14. The cargo parachute release assembly separates the parachutes from the
load when the load touches the ground. The separation reduces the chance of the
wind dragging or overturning the load.
DESCRIPTION
2-15. The M-1 release is used when a DRAS load is rigged for airdrop. This
release is used with DRAS rigged loads weighing up to 13,400 pounds sus-
pended.
INSPECTING AND MAINTAINING
2-16. The M-1 release is inspected and maintained as outlined in
TM 10-1670-296-20&P/TO 13C7-49-2. See the TM for specifics on inspection
and maintenance.
OPERATION
2-17. The operation of the airdrop cargo parachute release is given below.
The release works when the load touches the ground and upper suspension link
tilts or moves to the side. When the release tilts, the parachutes are released
from the load. Figure 2-8 shows how the release operates.
2-14
FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
NOTE: The face plate has been removed to aid in identification.
3
1
2
4
6
5
1
As the cargo parachute deploys, the arming wire lanyard is pulled.
2
The safety tie is broken and the arming wire is pulled from the timer.
3
The timer delays from 12 to 16 seconds. This delay allows the load to stabilize itself under
the parachute.
4
When the timer winds down, it retracts its keys from the slots in the release.
5
When the keys are retracted from their slots, the timer is free to fall within the release.
6
As the timer falls, it frees the toggle and upper suspension link.
Figure 2-8. Typical Operation of the M-1 Cargo Parachute Release
2-15
FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
7
8
7
When the load descends, the normal upright position of the M-1 release keeps the parachute
connectors in place. As the load touches the ground, the upper suspension link tilts and
allows the parachute connectors to pull free.
8
The released parachute stretches the dragline until the release drags to one side of the load.
Then the dragline breaks.
Figure 2-8. Typical Operation of the M-1 Cargo Parachute Release (Continued)
2-16
FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
SECTION VIII - OUTRIGGER ASSEMBLY
USE
2-18. An outrigger assembly is used on every DRAS load to help prevent the load
from turning over after landing on the ground. The assembly is attached to the
DRAS platform and is deployed from the vertical to the horizontal positon after
the load clears the ramp of the aircraft. The component parts of the outrigger
assembly are shown in Figure 2-9.
INSPECTING AND MAINTAINING
2-19. Outriggers are inspected and maintained as outlined in TM 10-1670-268-
20&P/TO 13C7-52-22. See the specific TM for more information on inspecting
and maintaining the outrigger assembly.
1
6
2
6
4
5
3
1
Outrigger mast.
2
Mast pivot pin.
3
Outrigger foot.
4
Platform fitting assembly weldment.
5
Platform fitting assembly link.
6
Ball lock pin.
Figure 2-9. Deployable Outrigger Assembly
2-17
FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
SECTION IX - DEPLOYMENT PARACHUTE AND DEPLOYMENT LINE
USE
2-20. A deployment parachute is used on every DRAS load to deploy the G-11D
cargo parachutes as the load leaves the aircraft. The deployment parachute is a
28-foot extraction parachute packed in a deployment bag and rigged with a
release-away static line assembly.
INSPECTING AND MAINTAINING
2-21. Deployment parachutes are inspected, maintained, and packed as
outlined in TM 10-1670-277-23&P/TO 13C5-28-2. See the specific TM for
more information on inspecting, maintaining, and packing these parachutes.
The 28-foot extraction parachute deployment bag modification procedures are
located in TM 10-1670-277-23&P. The release-away static line assembly is
inspected and maintained as outlined in TM 10-1670-277-23&P/TO 13C5-28-2.
2-18
FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
SECTION X - TRANSPORTATION OF RIGGED LOADS
RESPONSIBILITIES
2-22. The using unit is responsible for coordinating transportation of the rigged
load from the rigging site to the aircraft. To prevent damage, loads must be
lashed to the transporting vehicle and protected during transport. The
transporting force must ensure that the off-loading equipment is compatible
with the aircraft to be used.
TYPICAL LOADING AND TRANSPORTING EQUIPMENT
2-23. Some of the equipment that may be used to load and transport rigged loads
is listed below.
a. Materials-Handling Equipment. If a loading ramp is not available to
use in loading the rigged load onto the transporting vehicle, the load is hoisted
aboard the vehicle. The materials-handling equipment used to hoist the loads
may include but are not limited to the 5-ton wrecker, the 10,000- or 15,000-
pound-capacity warehouse crane, or the 10,000- or 15,000-pound-capacity forklift
truck.
b. Transporting Vehicle. Any standard military truck or semitrailer
with sufficient cargo space and payload capacity can be modified to
transport a rigged load from the loading area to the cargo aircraft.
However, not all military trucks are compatible with the cargo-loading
system of all types of cargo aircraft now in use. Rigged platform loads
require straight-in loading over a horizontally positioned ramp from a
truck, a forklift, a flatbed, or a cargo loader.Consequently, this may
require transfer of the rigged load at the aircraft site before it is off-
loaded into the cargo aircraft. The following types of materials-handling
equipment can be used to transport and/or off-load platform loads:
(1) The 6- or 10-ton cargo semitrailer can transport loads rigged on
airdrop platforms.
(2) The 25,000-pound-capacity cargo loader can move the maximum
weight of 25,000 pounds up a 3-percent incline at 15 miles per hour. It can be
used for loading all aircraft.
(3) The 40,000-pound-capacity cargo loader can move the maximum
weight of 40,000 pounds up a 3-percent incline at 15 miles per hour.
(4) The 60,000-pound-capacity cargo loader (the Tunner) can move the
maximum weight of 60,000 pounds up a 3-percent incline at 15 miles per hour.
NOTES: 1. The DRAS platform must be loaded centerline on the 25,000- and
60,000-pound capacity loaders.
2. The 40,000-pound capacity loader requires the right side loads to be
against the loader’s right side rails and left side loads must be against
the loader’s left side rails.
2-19
FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
Chapter 3
Procedural Information
SECTION I - PLATFORM AND HONEYCOMB PREPARATION
INSPECTING PLATFORM
3-1. The DRAS platform is inspected, or assembled and inspected, as outlined in
TM 10-1670-268-20&P/TO 13C7-52-22.
PREPARING THE PLATFORM
3-2. The platform must be prepared by attaching outrigger link assemblies and
the outrigger platfrom support weldments according to TM 10-1670-268-20&P/
TO 13C7-52-22 . Install the clevises according to the specific rigging chapter.
Figure 3-1 gives an example of how to bolt the clevises to the bushings in the
platform side rails and how to number them.
SUSPENDING DRAS PLATFORM LOADS AND SAFETY TIEING
SUSPENSION SLINGS
3-3. The DRAS platform is suspended using 3-foot and 11-foot (4-loop), type XXVI
nylon slings as shown in Figure 3-2. The clevis positions will be given in the
specific chapter for the load being rigged. Safety tie the suspension slings as
shown in Figure 3-2.
3-1
FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
REAR
TIEDOWN
LEFT SIDE
ROW
RINGS
B
B1
ROW
A
A1
RIGHT SIDE
FRONT
PLATFORM FITTING
ASSEMBLIES
SINGLE CLEVIS INVERTED CLEVIS DOUBLE CLEVIS TRIPLE CLEVIS
Step:
1. Install the outrigger link assembly and the outrigger platform suppport weldment according to
TM 10-1670-268-20&P/ TO 13C7-52-22.
2. Bolt the clevises to the bushings in the platform rails as shown in the specific rigging chapter.
3. Starting at the front of the platform, number the clevises bolted to the right side beginning with
1 and those bolted to the left side beginning with 1A.
4. Starting at the front of the platform, number the two tiedown rings in the panels A and B from
right to left. Starting with the first panel, number the tiedown rings beginning with 1 from front
to rear.
NOTES:
1. The single clevis is sometimes installed in an inverted manner if the specific rigging
chapter calls for it.
2. One clevis is sometimes installed on another inverted clevis. This is called a double
clevis.
3. Two clevises attached to an inverted clevis is called a triple clevis. The two clevises
will be numbered as two separate clevises. Do not number the inverted clevis.
Figure 3-1. DRAS Platform Prepared
3-2
FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
NOTE: This drawing is not drawn to scale.
3
3
3 3/4-INCH
TWO POINT
LINK
2
3 3/4-INCH TWO POINT LINK
1
1
PLATFORM CLEVIS
1
Attach a 3-foot (4-loop), type XXVI nylon sling to the platform clevises listed in the specific
rigging chapter.
2
Connect an 11-foot (4-loop), type XXVI nylon sling to the center of each 3-foot sling with a
3 3/4-inch two point link.
3
Connect an additional 3-foot (4-loop), type XXVI nylon sling to the end of each 11-foot sling
with a 3 3/4-inch two point link.
4
Pad the top 3 3/4-inch two point links with felt and secure the felt with cloth backed tape
(not shown).
Figure 3-2. Suspension System and Safety Ties Installed
3-3
FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
6
5
5
Remove all slack from the slings. Tie a length of type III nylon cord around the 11-foot
sling and the ACS sling.
6
Tie a length of type III nylon cord around the 11-foot nylon sling, behind all lashings, and
the 4 by 4-inch lumber of the ACS and tie the ends together.
7
Repeat steps 5 and 6 on all slings (not shown).
Figure 3-2. Suspension System and Safety Ties Installed (continued)
3-4
FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
BUILDING HONEYCOMB STACKS
3-4. Honeycomb stacks must be prepared according to the specific rigging
chapter. Honeycomb is used to absorb the landing shock. Figure 3-3 shows
a typical honeycomb stack.
NOTE: When honeycomb stacks are longer than
96 inches or wider than 36 inches, alternate the
layers to build a solid, cohesive stack.
3
3
1
3
2
4
1
Lumber
2
Plywood
3
Cutouts or notches
4
Layers of honeycomb
Note: Glue the layers of the stack together.
Figure 3-3. Typical Honeycomb Stack
3-5
FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
PLACING HONEYCOMB STACKS
3-5. Honeycomb stacks must be set on the platform according to instructions in
the specific rigging chapter. Figure 3-4 shows a typical placement of honeycomb
stacks on a DRAS platform.
STACK
3
STACK
2
STACK 1
1
REAR
FRONT
2
1
Place the honeycomb stacks on the platform according to instructions in the specific rigging
chapter.
NOTE: Do not glue the stacks to the platform.
2
Number the stacks from front to rear in a numerical sequence with 1 at the front of the
platform.
Figure 3-4. Typical Placement of Honeycomb Stacks on DRAS Platform
3-6
FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
DRIVE-OFF AID AIRDROP
3-6. The drive-off aid may be used with the HMMWV truck. The drive-off aid,
showing the front platform attachment (Figure 3-5), consists of a fabric track
constructed of type X webbing sewn into a ladder-type configuration. The system
is placed on two of the identified vehicle’s tires and attached to the DRAS
platform with type V webbing or 1-inch tubular nylon webbing. There are two
tracks to each system. Each track is 30 feet long and 22 inches wide and weighs
21 pounds. When powered up, the vehicle (with tiedown assemblies removed),
will progressively wrap the webbed ladder around the two tires (using the
platform forleverage) and pull itself clear of the honeycomb and platform.
FRONT PLATFORM ATTACHMENT
NOTE: If the vehicle is to be driven off the front of the platform, tie a length of type V
nylon webbing or 1-inch tubular nylon webbing from the first bushing through the
end loop of the drive-off aid, and through the nearest tie-down ring. When attaching
the drive-off aid to the platform using type V or 1-inch tubular webbing, tie the free
ends with a ring bend knot as shown in Figure 1-1. Tie the drive-off aid to tie-down
rings or platform bushings with type I, 1/4-inch cotton webbing.
NOTE: Wrap the drive-off aid around the wheel of the vehicle on each side as
shown. Tie the end loop of each drive-off aid to the nearest cross piece with a
doubled length of type I, 1/4-inch cotton webbing. Wrap the drive-off aid around the
wheel until the webbing lays flat on the platform, but is not under tension. Tie the
drive-off aid to adjacent tie-down rings or platform bushings on each side with type
I, 1/4-inch cotton webbing.
Figure 3-5. Drive-off Aids Installed on Platform
3-7
FM 4-20.105/TO 13C7-1-51
SECTION II - ACCOMPANYING LOAD AND DROP ITEMS
STOWING ACCOMPANYING LOADS
3-7. Each specific rigging chapter contains the weight limitations, placement,
and any additional restrictions on accompanying loads.
CAUTIONS
1. Accompanying loads may vary, however,
accompanying load locations will not.
2. Only ammunition listed in FM 10-500-53/
MCRP 4-3.8/TO 13C7-18-41 may be rigged for
airdrop.
3. Hazardous materials must be packaged,
marked, and labeled as required by AFJMAN
24-204/TM 38-250.
4. At least two layers of honeycomb must be
placed under all ammunition rigged for
airdrop unless the specific rigging chapter
states differently.
PREPARING DROP ITEMS
3-8. Some items need to be prepared for rigging. This preparation can include
removing, reinforcing, stowing, and securing components. Detailed preparation
instructions will be included in the specific rigging chapter.
COVERING LOAD
3-9. Covers may be needed to protect the load and keep the suspension slings
from fouling. To keep the load from being damaged by falling hardware such as
parachute releases, it may be necessary to cover portions of the load with
honeycomb or cloth protectors. If a cover is needed, the specific rigging chapter
will include this information and the procedures for its installation.
3-8

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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