FM 3-22.40 NLW TACTICAL EMPLOYMENT OF NONLETHAL WEAPONS (JANUARY 2003) - page 5

 

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FM 3-22.40 NLW TACTICAL EMPLOYMENT OF NONLETHAL WEAPONS (JANUARY 2003) - page 5

 

 

OPFOR
opposing force
P
PA
public affairs
PAO
public affairs officer
PASGT
personnel armor system, ground troops
POI
program of instruction
PSYOP
psychological operations
PT
physical training
PVAB
portable vehicle arresting barrier
PVC
polyvinyl chloride
Q
QRF
quick reaction force
R
R&D
research and development
RCA
riot control agent
RGES
running gear entanglement system
ROE
rules of engagement
RRF
rapid reaction force
S
S1
battalion or brigade manpower or personnel staff officer
(Army; Marine Corps battalion or regiment)
S2
battalion or brigade intelligence staff officer (Army; Marine
Corps battalion or regiment)
S3
battalion or brigade operations staff officer (Army; Marine
Corps battalion or regiment)
S4
battalion or brigade logistics staff officer (Army; Marine
Corps battalion or regiment)
SASO
stability and support operations
SB
shield bearer
sec
second
SECNAVINST
Secretary of the Navy instruction
SG
shotgun
SJA
staff judge advocate
SNCO
staff noncommissioned officer
SOP
standard operating procedure
SOTG
Special Operations Training Group
SROE
standing rules of engagement
SSC
small-scale contingency
Glossary-5
T
TC
training circular
TF
task force
T/O
table of organization
TOC
tactical operations center
TRADOC
United States Army Training and Doctrine Command
TTP
tactics, techniques, and procedures
U
UN
United Nations
US
United States
USA
United States Army
USAF
United States Air Force
USAMPS
United States Army Military Police School
USCG
United States Coast Guard
USMC
United States Marine Corps
USN
United States Navy
USS
United States Ship
V
VCR
videocassette recorder
VLNL
vehicle launched nonlethal grenade
VMNLGL
vehicle mounted nonlethal grenade launcher
W
w/
with
WMD
weapons of mass destruction
PART II - TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
Air Force specialty code (AFSC). Primary job of a U.S. Air Force officer or enlisted
person. Analogous to the Army and Marine Corps military occupational skill (MOS).
area of operation (AO). An operational area defined by the joint force commander for
land and naval forces. Areas of operation do not typically encompass the entire opera-
tional area of the joint force commander, but should be large enough for component
commanders to accomplish their missions and protect their forces. (JP 1-02)
battalion landing team (BLT). In an amphibious operation, an infantry battalion
normally reinforced by necessary combat and service elements; the basic unit for plan-
ning an assault landing. (JP 1-02)
civil affairs. Designate active and Reserve Component forces and units organized,
trained, and equipped specifically to conduct civil affairs activities and to support civil-
military operations. (JP 1-02)
Glossary-6
civil-military operations. The activities of a commander that establish, maintain,
influence, or exploit relations between military forces, governmental and nongovern-
mental civilian organizations and authorities, and the civilian populace in a friendly,
neutral, or hostile operational area in order to facilitate military operations, to consoli-
date and achieve operational U.S. objectives. Civil-military operations may include per-
formance by military forces of activities and functions normally the responsibility of the
local, regional, or national government. These activities may occur prior to, during, or
subsequent to other military actions. They may also occur, if directed, in the absence of
other military operations. Civil-military operations may be performed by designated
civil affairs, by other military forces, or by a combination of civil affairs and other forces.
(JP 1-02)
combat service support. The essential capabilities, functions, activities, and tasks
necessary to sustain all elements of operating forces in theater at all levels of war.
Within the national and theater logistics systems, it includes, but is not limited to, that
support rendered by service forces in ensuring the aspects of supply, maintenance,
transportation, health services, and other services required by aviation and ground
combat troops to permit those units to accomplish their missions in combat. Combat
service support encompasses those activities at all levels of war that produce sustain-
ment to all operating forces on the battlefield. (JP 1-02)
command and control. The exercise of authority and direction by a properly desig-
nated commander over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mis-
sion. Command and control functions are performed through an arrangement of per-
sonnel, equipment, communications, facilities, and procedures employed by a com-
mander in planning, directing, coordinating, and controlling forces and operations in the
accomplishment of the mission. (JP 1-02)
commercial off the shelf (COTS). Describes items procured for military use through
civilian contractors.
core capability. The set of functions that define a significant, stand-alone, operation-
ally effective and suitable military capability such that, should no further development
occur, the user will have received a significant capability.
designated marksman (DM). A rifleman stationed in an overwatch position above
friendly forces, armed with a standard infantry weapon appropriate to his service that
is mounted with a high-powered scope and loaded with lethal ammunition. The desig-
nated marksman uses his vantage point to identify agitators to forces below, eliminate
lethal threats, and monitor the battlefield.
dispersion. A scattered pastern of hits around the mean point of impact of bombs and
projectiles dropped or fired under identical conditions. In chemical and biological opera-
tions, the dissemination of agents in liquid or aerosol form. (JP 1-02)
fleet Marine force (FMF). A balanced force of combined arms comprising land, air,
and service elements of the U.S. Marine Corps. A fleet Marine force is an integral part
of a U.S. Fleet and has the status of a type command. (JP 1-02)
force protection. Security program designed to protect service members, civilian em-
ployees, family members, facilities, and equipment, in all locations and situations, ac-
complished through planned and integrated application of combating terrorism, physi-
Glossary-7
cal security, operations security, and personal protective services, and supported by in-
telligence, counterintelligence, and other security programs. (JP 1-02)
government off-the-shelf (GOTS). Analogous to COTS, but describing items already
procured by the U.S. government and ready for issue to military units.
host nation. A nation that receives the forces and/or supplies of allied nations, coali-
tion partners, and/or NATO organizations to be located on, to operate in, or to transit
through its territory. (JP 1-02)
intelligence preparation of the battlespace (IPB). An analytical methodology em-
ployed to reduce uncertainties concerning the enemy, environment, and terrain for all
types of operations. Intelligence preparation of the battlespace builds an extensive da-
tabase for each potential area in which a unit may be required to operate. The database
is then analyzed in detail to determine the impact of the enemy, environment, and ter-
rain on operations, and present it in graphic form. Intelligence preparation of the bat-
tlespace is a continuing process. Also called IPB. (JP 1-02)
interrogator-translator team (ITT). Marine Corps unit, usually working as a small
detachment to a larger infantry unit, highly trained in interrogation techniques and flu-
ent in adversary native language.
joint force commander. A general term applied to a combatant commander, subuni-
fied commander, or joint task force commander authorized to exercise combatant com-
mand (command authority) or operational control over a joint force. (JP 1-02)
logistics. The science of planning and carrying out the movement and maintenance of
forces. In its most comprehensive sense, those aspects of military operations which deal
with:
a. Design and development, acquisition, storage, movement, distribution, mainte-
nance, evacuation, and disposition of materiel.
b. Movement, evacuation, and hospitalization of personnel.
c. Acquisition of construction, maintenance, operation, and disposition of facilities.
d. Acquisition of furnishing of services. (JP 1-02)
low-intensity conflict. Political-military confrontation between contending states or
groups below conventional war and above the routine, peaceful competition among
states. It frequently involves protracted struggles of competing principles and ideolo-
gies. Low intensity conflict ranges from subversion to the use of armed force. It is
waged by a combination of means employing political, economic, informational, and
military instruments. Low-intensity conflicts are often localized, generally in the Third
World, but contain regional and global security implications.
NOTE: Also known as small wars or “brushfire wars,” low-intensity conflicts are rebel-
lions, insurrections, and the like characterized by adversaries dedicated to a cause but
lacking command and control structure and modern equipment.
Marine expeditionary force (MEF). The largest of the Marine air-ground task force
(MAGTF) and the Marine Corps principal warfighting organization, particularly for lar-
ger crisis or contingencies. It is task-organized around a permanent command element
and normally contains one or more Marine divisions, Marine aircraft wings, and Marine
force service support groups. The Marine expeditionary force is capable of missions
across the range of military operations, including amphibious assault and sustained op-
Glossary-8
erations ashore in any environment. It can operate from a sea base, a land base, or
both. Also called MEF. See also aviation combat element; combat service support ele-
ment; command element; Marine air-ground task force; Marine expeditionary force
(forward); Marine expeditionary unit; special purpose Marine air-ground task force; task
force.
(JP 1-02)
maritime interception operation (MIO). Means by which an exclusion zone at sea
is enforced. Involves the visit of merchant ships, by armed boarding parties if neces-
sary, bound to, through, or out of a defined area, to examine each ship’s papers and
cargo and to search for evidence of contraband. The provisions must be established by a
sanctioning body and must be applied to ships of all nationalities.
military operations other than war (MOOTW). Operations that encompass the use
of military capabilities across the range of military operations short of war. These mili-
tary actions can be applied to complement any combination of the other instruments of
national power and occur before, during, and after war. (JP 1-02)
military occupational specialty (MOS). Primary job of military officer or enlisted
personnel.
military operations in urban terrain (MOUT). All military actions planned and
conducted on a topographical complex and its adjacent natural terrain where man-made
construction is the dominant feature. It includes combat-in-cities, which is that portion
of MOUT involving house-to-house and street-by-street fighting in towns and cities.
military police (MP). Marine Corps and Army police forces designated by specific
MOS.
maritime pre-positioning force operation. A rapid deployment and assembly of a
Marine expeditionary force in a secure area using a combination of strategic airlift and
forward-deployed maritime pre-positioning ships. See also Marine expeditionary force;
maritime pre-positioning ships (JP 1-02 and JP 4-01.6)
nonlethal weapons (NLW). Weapons that are explicitly designed and primarily em-
ployed so as to incapacitate personnel or materiel, while minimizing fatalities, perma-
nent injury to personnel, and undesired damage to property and the environment.
a. Unlike conventional weapons that destroy their targets through blast, penetra-
tion, and fragmentation, nonlethal weapons employ means other than gross physical
destruction to prevent the target from functioning.
b. Nonlethal weapons are intended to have one, or both, of the following characteris-
tics:
(1) They have relatively reversible effects on personnel or materiel.
(2) They affect objects differently within their area of influence. (JP 1-02)
nonlethal weapon capability set. A set of systems containing weapon systems, mu-
nitions, and protective equipment. The components are explicitly designed and primar-
ily employed to provide additional protection to friendly personnel and to incapacitate
hostile personnel or material, while minimizing fatalities or permanent injury to in-
tended targets and minimal damage to property and the environment. They are not re-
quired to have zero probability of producing fatalities or permanent injuries but are de-
signed and employed in a manner that significantly reduces those probabilities over the
Glossary-9
traditional employment of currently fielded military weapon systems, munitions, and
equipment.
nonlethal technology (N-LT). Synonymous with NLW, but also encompassing more
advanced technology that is not yet available for use by military forces.
Oleoresin Capsicum (OC). Also known as “pepper spray”, OC is made completely
from organic materials and is FDA-approved for sale over-the-counter in the United
States. Causes severe and immediate burning sensation to mucous membranes when
sprayed into face, nose, and eyes.
psychological operations (PSYOP). Planned operations to convey selected informa-
tion and indicators to foreign audiences to influence their emotions, motives, objective
reasoning, and ultimately the behavior of foreign governments, organizations, groups,
and individuals. The purpose of psychological operations is to induce or reinforce for-
eign attitudes and behavior favorable to the originator’s objectives. (JP 1-02)
rules of engagement (ROE). Directives issued by competent military authority that
delineate the circumstances and limitations under which U.S. forces will initiate and/or
continue combat engagement with other forces encountered. See also law of war. (JP 1-
02)
table of organization (T/O). Total manpower authorized for specific unit, organized
by billet and rank. TO& E is a U.S. Army term which encompasses T/O and T/E.
training aids and devices. Any item developed or procured with the primary intent
to assist in training and learning.
weapons of mass destruction (WMD). Weapons capable of a high order of destruc-
tion and/or of being used in such a manner as to destroy large numbers of people.
Weapons of mass destruction can be high explosives or nuclear, biological, chemical, and
radiological weapons, but exclude the means of transporting or propelling the weapon
where such means is a separable and deliverable part of the weapon. (JP 1-02)
Glossary-10
Index
A
Air Force Munitions Center, IV-3
area of operations, II-2
Army Materiel Command (AMC), IV-3
Army Training Support Center (ATSC), IV-3
asymmetric threats, I-3
B
base element, V-21, V-22
baton holders, V-21, V-22
C
capability set, I-1, C-7, E-1, E-4
casualties
mitigating, II-1
MOOTW, III-3
noncombatant, I-1, I-3, III-2
chaplain, V-19
Chemical Weapons Convention, III-4
civil affairs, IV-3
civil disturbances, I-1, I-2, II-1
collateral damage, ix, I-1, I-4, II-1, III-1, III-2, V-1
combatants, I-2, III-1, V-1, VI-4
commercial off-the-shelf (COTS), II-1, IV-3, A-14, A-15
communication skills, IV-1, IV-2
core capabilities, ix, III-2, V-2
counter capability capabilities, III-3
countercapability, III-2, V-2, V-3
countermateriel, V-2, V-3
countermateriel capabilities, III-3
counterpersonnel, V-2, V-3
counterpersonnel capabilities, III-2
Crane Naval Weapons Center, IV-3
crowd control
Index-1
audio and visual stimuli, A-12
communication device, A-2
crowd dispersal cartridge (CDC), A-10
crowd dynamics, C-6
dispersing hostile, A-11
formations, V-21
handcuff, A-3
munitions, A-11
nonlethal, A-2
restrictions, VI-1
tactical considerations, C-7
techniques, C-6
crowd dispersal cartridge (CDC), A-10
D
deadly force, I-3, V-24, VI-1, VI-2, VI-4, C-6
denial options, V-1
Department of Defense Directive (DODD), I-1, I-3, I-4
Deploying Escort Team (Finish), V-40
Deploying Escort Team (Start), V-39
Deploying Soft Baseline, V-38
designated marksman (DM), V-5, V-23
disaster relief, I-2
E
engineers, IV-3
explosive ordnance detachments (EOD), IV-3
F
fire support element (FSE), V-6
force continuum, x, I-1, I-4, IV-2, IV-4, V-1, VI-1, VI-2, C-7
force protection, I-1, I-3, I-4, III-1, III-2, IV-2, A-11, A-12, A-13, C-7, E-4
G
G-1/S-1, V-18
G-2/S-2, V-18
G-3/S-3, V-18
G-4/S-4, V-18
Index-2
G-6/S-6, V-19
government off-the-shelf (GOTS), ix, II-1
H
homeland security, I-3, A-13
humanitarian assistance, I-2, III-1
I
identification of friend or foe (IFF), V-2, V-12
impact weapons, IV-1, IV-2, D-4
Interservice Nonlethal Individual Weapons Instructor Course (INIWIC), ix, IV-1, IV-3,
VI-5, C-1, C-2, D-11
Interservice Training Review Organization (ITRO), IV-1
J
Joint Mission Area Analysis (JMAA), ix, III-2, III-3, V-2
Joint Nonlethal Weapons Program, I-2
L
Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC), IV-2
lessons learned, i, x, VI-1, VI-3, VI-5
lethal munitions, VI-2
M
Marine Corps Detachment, xi, IV-1, C-1, D-11
marking agents, V-4, V-12
MCCM-GE Range Chart, A-12
media, x, I-1, I-4, IV-3, V-2, V-5, V-7, V-9, V-10, V-12, V-14, V-15, V-18, V-19, VI-3, VI-5
military operations
armed resistance and local interference, V-19
commanders, VI-2
effectiveness and efficiency, I-5
in urban terrain (MOUT), I-2, III-1, III-2
lessons learned from, x
other than war (MOOTW), I-1, I-2, II-1, III-1, III-3, C-6, C-7
range of, ix, III-1, III-3, V-24, VI-5, VI-6
rules of engagement (ROE), VI-5
variety of missions, II-1
military police, IV-3
Index-3
mission enhancers, II-1
mission planning, factors of, V-2
mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available-time available and
civil considerations dependent (METT-TC), V-21
modified crowd control munition-ground emplaced (MCCM-GE), A-11, A-12, C-3, D-9
modular crowd control munition (MCCM), C-7
munitions
advance distribution, V-2
allocation, V-18
blunt trauma, V-1, V-3
classification, required, IV-3
cover, V-22
effective range, V-3
environmental effects, V-20
equipment, II-1, IV-3, V-19
impact, V-20
lethal, V-1, V-20
maximum effect and minimum safe range, V-23
nonlethal, II-2
physical discomfort/incapacitate, V-1
teams, V-22
N
nonlethal capabilities, I-3
noncombatants
casualties, I-3, I-4, III-2
core capabilities, III-2
deadly force, I-4
evacuations, I-2
MOOTW, III-1
nonlethal capabilities, V-1
psychological operations, V-19
vulnerable groups, I-2
nonlethal capabilities, I-1, II-2, III-1, III-3, V-1, V-22, VI-4, VI-5, A-13
nonlethal gunners, V-21, V-22
Index-4
nonlethal munitions. See munitions
employment and tactics, IV-2
shotguns, V-20
nonlethal technology, x
nonlethal weapons ranges, V-24
notional USCG NLW capability set, E-7
O
obscurants, I-2
Oleoresin Capsicum, IV-2, IV-4, C-6
open-hand control, IV-1, IV-2, V-21
OPERATION ESSENTIAL HARVEST, VI-3
OPERATION JOINT GUARDIAN, VI-2
OPERATION UNITED SHIELD, VI-1, VI-3, VI-4
P
peace
enforcement, III-1
operations, I-2, VI-2
personnel
administrative responsibilities, V-18
capability to seize, III-2, V-14
effectors, II-1
incapacitate, III-2, V-7, A-10
medical, V-19
protectors, II-1
public affairs responsibilities, V-19
recovery of, V-41
requirements, II-2
warfighting, i
platoon, V-25
close support, V-32
close support (finish), V-37
column, V-30
general support (USMC), V-35
Index-5
close support (start) (USMC), V-36
column (USMC), V-34
in depth, V-25
lateral support, left (right), V-31
on line, V-31
on line—munitions squad in close support to cover flanks, V-29
recovery team deployment—recovery team, V-27
recovery team deployment—recovery team redeploy, V-28
recovery team deployment—security element, V-26
recovery team deployment—security element redeploy, V-29
policy
development of NLW, III-4
nonlethal weapons, I-1
Office of the Secretary of Defense, I-4
portable vehicle arresting barrier, A-11
personnel
effectors, C-2
protectors, C-2
psychological
effects, I-2
operations, IV-3
public affairs, IV-3
public affairs officers (PAO), I-4
Q
quick reaction force, V-3
R
rapid reaction force, V-3
, V-32
recovery teams, V-21
actions and security posture, V-33
deployment, V-26, V-27, V-33
platoon, V-25
responsibility, V-22
riot control
Index-6
agents, I-2
crowd dynamics, VI-4
impact weapons, IV-2
medical personnel, V-19
subcourse, C-7
rules of engagement (ROE), ix, I-1, I-2, I-4, I-5, II-1, III-1, III-3, IV-2, IV-3, V-1, V-18, V-
20, V-24, VI-1, VI-3, VI-5, C-6
running gear entanglement system (RGES), A-13
S
small-scale contingencies, I-1
smoke, I-2, V-21, VI-3, B-18, C-7
soft base line, V-22
Somalia, I-2, VI-1, VI-3, VI-4
stability and support operations (SASO), I-2
static positions, V-20, V-21
support element, V-22
T
tactics, techniques, and procedures, IV-1
Task Force FALCON, I-2
tasks
clear facilities of personnel, V-15
crowd control, V-5
deny area to personnel, V-9
NLW, x, V-2, V-4
preventive, I-2
seize personnel, V-14
threat, I-1, I-2, II-2, III-1, V-23, V-24, VI-1, VI-2, VI-5
asymmetric, I-3
force continuum, V-1
training devices, II-1, IV-1, C-3
U
U.S. Army NLW Capability Set, E-1
U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command, IV-3
United States Army Military Police School (USAMPS), IV-1
Index-7
USAF NLW Capability Set, E-6
USMC Nonlethal Weapons Capability Set, E-2
USN NLW Capability Set, E-4
V
vehicle mounted nonlethal grenade launcher (VMNLGL), A-12
W
Warp cutter, A-16
weapons
nonlethal, I-1
weapons of mass destruction (WMD), III-3
Index-8

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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