Главная Manuals Multiservice Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Contamination Avoidance (April 2009)
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*FM 3-11.3
MCRP 3-37.2A
NTTP 3-11.25
AFTTP(I) 3-2.56
FM 3-11.3
US Army Training and Doctrine Command
Fort Monroe, Virginia
MCRP 3-37.2A
Marine Corps Combat Development Command
Quantico, Virginia
NTTP 3-11.25
Navy Warfare Development Command
Newport, Rhode Island
AFTTP(I) 3-2.56
Headquarters Air Force Doctrine Center
Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama
2 February 2006
Multiservice Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures
for
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Contamination
Avoidance
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
xx
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Background
I-1
Sense, Shape, Shield, and Sustain
I-1
Sense
I-1
Shape
I-1
Shield
I-2
Sustain
I-2
Fundamentals and Principles
I-2
Fundamentals of CBRN Defense
I-2
Contamination Avoidance
I-3
Tenets of Contamination Avoidance
I-4
Fixed and Mobile Operations
I-4
Knowledge of Hazards
I-4
Principles of Avoidance
I-4
DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
*This manual supersedes FM 3-3/FMFM 11-17, 16 November 1992, and FM 3-3-1/FMFM 11-18,
9 September 1994.
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Vulnerability Reduction
I-5
Active Measures
I-5
Passive Measures
I-6
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Battle
Management
I-7
CBRNWRS
I-7
CBRN IM
I-7
Commander and Staff Interactions in Meeting Chemical,
Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Defense Challenges
I-9
Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Operations
I-10
CBRN Defense Planning and Considerations
I-10
Chemical Defense Planning and Considerations
I-11
Biological Defense Planning and Considerations
I-12
Nuclear and Radiological Defense Planning and
Considerations
I-13
Radiological Weapons Defense Planning and
Considerations
I-13
ROTA and TIM Defense Planning and Considerations
I-14
CHAPTER II
DEVELOPING THE CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL,
AND NUCLEAR COMMON OPERATIONAL PICTURE
Background
II-1
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Common
Operational Picture Functions
II-1
Detection
II-1
Identification
II-1
Contamination Marking
II-1
Warning and Reporting
II-1
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Information
Management
II-2
CBRN Processes
II-2
CBRN IM Activities
II-3
CBRN IM Capabilities
II-3
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Information
Flow Strategy
II-4
Common Operational Picture Management
II-6
Information Inputs
II-6
Standardization
II-6
CBRN Information Network Applications
II-8
CHAPTER III
CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, AND NUCLEAR
WARNING AND REPORTING SYSTEM
Background
III-1
Organization
III-1
CBRN Warning and Reporting Areas
III-1
CBRN Warning and Reporting Centers and Cells
III-1
Information Management
III-1
Gathering Information
III-2
Evaluating Information
III-3
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v
Transmitting Information
III-3
Types of Reports
III-4
Standard CBRN Reports
III-4
The Merchant Warning System (MERWARN)
III-6
Strike Warning (STRIKWARN)
III-7
MET and Weather Reports
III-7
Mandatory Entries in Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical
Reports
III-7
Classification and Precedence
III-15
Classification
III-15
Precedence
III-15
Decision Support Tools
III-15
Technical Reach-Back Capabilities
III-16
General
III-16
Technical Reach-Back Capabilities
III-16
Avoidance Tools
III-19
APPENDIX A
SAMPLE CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, AND
NUCLEAR CONTAMINATION AVOIDANCE CHECKLISTS
A-1
Background
A-1
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Preattack
Checklist
A-1
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear
During-Attack Checklist
A-3
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Postattack
Checklist
A-4
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Recovery
Checklist
A-5
APPENDIX B
CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, AND NUCLEAR
CENTER AND CELL OPERATIONS
B-1
Background
B-1
Responsibilities
B-1
Theater, Corps, Air Force, and Fleet Levels of
Command
B-1
Area and Maritime HQ
B-2
Fixed-Site, Division, Regiment, Brigade, and
Designated Shipboard and Wing Levels of Command .. B-2
Unit Level of Command and Designated Observers
B-3
Coordination
B-4
Responsibilities
B-4
Overlap and Duplication
B-6
Correlation of Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Reports
B-6
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APPENDIX C
MANAGEMENT OF EXPOSURE TO RADIOLOGICAL
HAZARDS
C-1
Background
C-1
Exposure Control
C-1
Data Recording
C-1
Rotation of Assets
C-1
Information Management—Operational Exposure Guide
C-2
Nuclear and Radiological Exposure Control
C-2
Radiation Exposure Control
C-2
Low-Level Radiation (LLR)
C-3
Medical Effects of LLR
C-4
Command Radiation Exposure Guidance
C-4
Personnel Evacuation From a Radiological Area
C-5
RDD
C-5
Radiological Exposure
…C-5
Radiation Exposure During War
C-5
RES
C-7
Nuclear Risk Criteria
C-8
Radiation Exposure During Military Support to Civil
Authorities
C-13
Radioactive Materials of Military Significance
C-14
Americium
C-14
Cesium
C-14
Cobalt
C-15
DU
C-15
Iodine
C-15
Nickel-63
C-16
Phosphorus
C-16
Plutonium
C-16
Radium
C-16
Strontium
C-17
Thorium-232
C-17
Tritium
C-17
Uranium
C-17
APPENDIX D
WEATHER EFFECTS ON NUCLEAR, BIOLOGICAL, AND CHEMICAL
AGENTS AND METEOROLOGICAL REPORTS
D-1
Background
D-1
MET Operations
D-1
USN
D-1
Weather Effects on Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and
Nuclear Agents
D-1
Nuclear
D-1
Biological
D-3
Chemical
D-5
Overview of Meteorological Reports
D-8
BWR
D-8
EDR
D-8
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CDR
D-9
MET Report Fields
D-9
Common Report (ADP) Field Explanations
D-10
MET Report (ADP) Field Explanations
D-15
Basic Wind Reports (Details and Examples)
…D-21
BWRs
D-21
Wind Vector Plot
D-21
Effective Downwind Reports (Details and Examples)
D-27
Chemical Downwind Reports (Details and Example)
D-31
General Preparation
D-31
CDM Preparations Without Weather Service Support ... D-32
Naval CDM
D-34
APPENDIX E
CHEMICAL-CONTAMINATION AVOIDANCE TACTICS,
TECHNIQUES, AND PROCEDURES
E-1
Background
E-1
Chemical-Contamination Avoidance Procedures
E-1
Before the Attack
E-1
During the Attack
E-2
After the Attack
E-2
NBC1 CHEM Report
E-3
Precedence
E-3
Report Preparation
E-3
Sample
E-3
NBC2 CHEM Report
E-4
NBC3 CHEM Report
E-5
Chemical Contamination Prediction and Plotting
E-6
Definitions Used in Chemical Hazard Predictions
E-6
Types of Chemical Attacks
E-6
Means of Delivery
E-6
Prediction of the Downwind Hazard
E-6
Attack Chronology
E-8
Principles of Chemical Predictions and Limitations
E-8
Simplified Hazard Prediction (Land)
E-9
Detailed Type A Attack Downwind Hazard Prediction
(Land)
E-11
Detailed Type B Attack Downwind Hazard Prediction
(Land)
E-15
Type C Attack Downwind Hazard Prediction (Land)
E-26
Adjusted Hazard Prediction (Land)
E-26
MERWARN
E-39
MERWARN Plotting
E-40
Simplified Procedure Requirements (Sea)
E-41
Detailed Procedure Requirements (Sea)
E-44
Determination of the Downwind Hazard Area
E-46
Change in MET Conditions
E-49
NBC4 CHEM Report
E-53
NBC5 CHEM Report
E-54
NBC6 CHEM Report
E-54
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APPENDIX F
BIOLOGICAL-CONTAMINATION AVOIDANCE TACTICS,
TECHNIQUES, AND PROCEDURES
F-1
Background
F-1
Biological-Agent Dissemination Methods
F-1
Aerosol Dissemination
F-1
Vector Dissemination
F-2
Covert Dissemination
F-2
Avoidance Procedures
F-3
Aerosol Avoidance Procedures
F-3
Vector Avoidance Procedures
F-4
Covert Avoidance Procedures
F-5
Biological-Contamination Reporting, Predicting, and Plotting
F-6
NBC1 BIO Report
F-6
Precedence
F-6
Preparation
F-6
Sample
F-6
NBC2 BIO Report
F-7
NBC3 BIO Report
F-8
Definitions
F-9
Types of Biological Attacks
F-9
Hazard Prediction
F-12
Downwind Travel Distances
F-12
Determining Initial Hazard Areas
F-14
Prediction of the Initial Hazard
F-15
Adjusted Hazard Prediction
F-23
Hazards Spanning Multiple CDM Messages
F-25
Termination of Biological Hazard Assessment
F-25
Hazard Duration
F-27
NBC4 BIO Report
F-27
NBC5 BIO Report
F-28
NBC6 BIO Report
F-28
APPENDIX G
NUCLEAR-CONTAMINATION AVOIDANCE TACTICS,
TECHNIQUES, AND PROCEDURES
G-1
Background
G-1
Nuclear-Contamination Avoidance Procedures
G-2
Preattack
G-2
During Attack
G-3
Postattack
G-4
Nuclear Information Management
G-5
Collection of Nuclear Information
G-6
Monitoring, Survey, and Reconnaissance Data
G-6
Evaluation of Nuclear Information
G-6
Transmission of Nuclear Information
G-6
Designated Observer System
G-6
Nondesignated Observers
G-8
Determination That a Nuclear Attack has Occurred
G-8
NBC1 NUC Report
G-9
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Introduction
G-9
Observer Position
G-10
DTG of the Attack
G-10
Attack Location or GZ
G-11
Type of Burst
G-11
Flash-to-Bang Time
G-11
Angular Cloud Width
G-11
Cloud Top or Cloud Bottom Height
G-12
Stabilized Cloud Top Angle
G-12
Stabilized Cloud Bottom Angle
G-13
NBC2 NUC Report
G-13
Introduction
G-13
Strike Serial Number
G-13
Location of GZ (Line FOXTROT)
G-14
Methods of Determining the Yield (Line NOVEMBER) . G-16
NBC3 NUC Calculation Procedures
G-22
Fallout Prediction
G-22
Fallout Area Zones
G-23
Significance of the Fallout Ashore Versus at Sea
G-23
Multiple-Burst Fallout
G-24
Simplified Fallout Prediction
G-24
Ship Fallout Template
G-33
Detailed Fallout Prediction
G-38
NBC3 NUC Report
G-46
General
G-46
Plotting Detailed Fallout Predictions (NBC3 NUC)
G-47
Contamination Prediction System for Merchant Ships
at Sea
G-50
Time of Completion of Fallout
G-53
NBC4 NUC Report
G-53
Locating and Reporting Nuclear Contamination
G-53
Message Precedence
G-54
Shielding
G-55
Measuring Nuclear Data
G-56
Surveys
G-58
Reporting Instructions
G-58
Evaluation of Nuclear Information
G-60
Calculation of H hour or Time of Burst (TOB)
G-60
Fallout Determination of Decay
G-60
Determination of the Decay Rate
G-61
Period of Validity for the Decay Rate (n)
G-62
Normalizing Factor (NF)
G-63
Outside Correlation Factor (OCF)
G-64
NBC5 NUC Report
G-64
Purpose
G-64
Message Precedence
G-65
Plotting Data and Producing an NBC5 NUC Report
G-65
Reporting Data
G-68
Determining the Dose Rate for an Arbitrary Time
G-69
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Determining the Time That Given Dose Rate is
Expected
G-72
Total Dose Reduction
G-72
Total Dose Procedures
G-73
Crossing a Fallout Area
G-76
Optimum Time of Exit from Fallout Areas
G-76
Neutron-Induced Radiation Areas
G-79
NBC6 NUC Report
G-88
Purpose
G-88
Message Precedence
G-88
APPENDIX H
RELEASE-OTHER-THAN-ATTACK CONTAMINATION
AVOIDANCE TACTICS, TECHNIQUES, AND PROCEDURES
H-1
Background
H-1
General
H-1
Characteristics
H-1
Release-Other-Than-Attack Contamination Avoidance
Procedures
H-2
Preattack
H-2
During Attack
H-2
Postattack
H-3
Release-Other-Than-Attack Information Management
H-4
Collecting ROTA Information
H-4
Consolidating ROTA Data
H-4
Evaluating ROTA Information
H-5
Transmitting ROTA Information
H-5
NBC1 ROTA Report
H-5
Purpose
H-5
Precedence
H-5
Information Included
H-5
Preparation
H-5
NBC2 ROTA Report
H-6
Purpose
H-6
Precedence
H-6
Preparation
H-6
Subsequent Data
H-6
NBC3 ROTA Report
H-7
Purpose
H-7
Precedence
H-7
Preparation
H-7
Types of Releases
H-8
Procedures and Constraints
H-9
ROTA Types and Cases
H-10
Hazard Prediction Methods
H-11
NBC4 ROTA Report
H-17
Purpose
H-17
Precedence
H-17
Preparation
H-18
NBC5 ROTA Report
H-18
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Purpose
H-18
Precedence
H-18
Preparation
H-19
Reporting Data
H-20
NBC6 ROTA Report
H-21
Purpose
H-21
Precedence
H-21
Preparation
H-21
Submission
H-21
APPENDIX I
STRIKE WARNING
I-1
Background
I-1
Friendly Nuclear-Attack Warning
I-1
Nuclear STRIKWARN
I-1
Responsibilities
I-1
Recipients
I-1
Warnings
I-1
NBC3 Reports
I-2
Units of Measurement
I-2
Line Items Used in STRIKWARN Messages
I-2
Zones of Warning and Protection Requirements
I-3
Plotting a STRIKWARN Message
I-4
Single Burst
I-4
Multiple Bursts
I-4
APPENDIX J
NOMOGRAMS, TABLES, AND GRAPHS
J-1
APPENDIX K
CALCULATIONS
K-1
APPENDIX L
REPRODUCIBLE EXAMPLE FORMS
L-1
REFERENCES
References-1
GLOSSARY
Glossary-1
INDEX
Index-1
FIGURES
I-1
CBRN Operational Elements
I-2
I-2
Fundamentals of CBRN Defense
I-3
I-3
Excerpt From Joint Vision 2020
I-7
I-4
CBRN IM
I-8
II-1
IM Cycle
II-2
III-1
Flow of NBC Reports
III-4
C-1
LLR Decision Making
C-3
D-1
Example Wind Vector Plot
D-26
D-2
EDM Work Sheet
D-28
D-3
Wind Vector Plot with Cloud and Stem Radial Lines
(2 KT)
D-29
D-4
Naval Air Stability
D-35
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E-1
Sample NBC1 CHEM Report
E-4
E-2
Sample NBC2 CHEM Report
E-5
E-3
Sample NBC3 CHEM Report
E-5
E-4
Simplified Type A Chemical Predictor
E-10
E-5
Hazard Area From Type A Attack, Case 1 (Wind Speed
≤10 kph)
E-12
E-6
Hazard Area From Type A Attack, Case 2 (Wind Speed
>10 kph)
E-14
E-7
Hazard Area From Type B Attack, Case 1 (Wind Speed
≤10 kph)
E-17
E-8
Hazard Area From Type B Attack, Case 2 (Radius of
Attack Area ≤1 km, Wind Speed >10 kph)
E-18
E-9
Hazard Area From Type B Attack, Case 3 Attack Area
(Radius >1 km but ≤2 km, Wind Speed <10 kph)
E-20
E-10
Hazard Area From Type B Attack, Case 4 Attack Area
(Radius >1 km but ≤2 km, Wind Speed >10 kph)
E-21
E-11
Hazard Area From Type B, Case 5 (Any Dimension of
Attack Area >2 km, Wind Speed ≤10 kph)
E-23
E-12
Hazard Area From Type B Attack, Case 6 (Any
Dimension of Attack Area >2 km, Wind Speed
>10 kph)
E-24
E-13
Type C Attack
E-26
E-14
Recalculation of Downwind Hazard Area Type A
Attack (Change in Wind Speed From ≤10 kph
to >10 kph)
E-29
E-15
Recalculation of Downwind Hazard Area Type A Attack
(Change in Wind Speed From >10 kph to ≤10 kph)
(Example 1)
E-31
E-16
Recalculation of Downwind Hazard Area Type A Attack
(Change in Wind Speed From >10 kph to ≤10 kph)
(Example 2)
E-32
E-17
Recalculation of Downwind Hazard Area Type A Attack
(Change In Wind Speed From >10 kph to ≤10 kph)
(Example 3)
E-33
E-18
Recalculation of Downwind Hazard Area Type A,
Case 2 Attack (Change in Downwind Direction
by ≥30°)
E-34
E-19
Recalculation of Downwind Hazard Area Type A,
Case 2 Attack (Change in Stability Category and/or
Downwind Speed)
E-35
E-20
Recalculation of Downwind Hazard Area Type B,
Case 6 Attack (Change in Downwind Direction)
E-38
E-21
Air Stability Category (Sea)
E-41
E-22
Ship Chemical Template (Example)
E-44
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E-23
Sample CDM and CPDS
E-45
E-24
Chemical Downwind Hazard Area Plot
E-47
E-25
Downwind Hazard Area, Type A Attack, Wind Speed
≥10 Knots
E-48
E-26
Downwind Hazard Area, Type A Attack, Wind Speed
≤5 Knots or Variable
E-49
E-27
Recalculation of Downwind Hazard Area, Type A Attack
After Change in Downwind Direction at Point B
E-51
E-28
Sample NBC4 CHEM Report
E-53
E-29
Sample NBC5 CHEM Report
E-54
E-30
Sample NBC6 CHEM Report
E-55
F-1
Sample NBC1 BIO Report
F-7
F-2
Sample NBC2 BIO Report
F-8
F-3
Sample NBC3 BIO Report
F-9
F-4
Type P, Case 1, Attack
F-15
F-5
Type P, Case 2, Attack
F-16
F-6
Type Q, Case 1, Attack
F-17
F-7
Type Q, Case 2, Attack
F-19
F-8
Type R, Case 1, Attack
F-20
F-9
Type R, Case 2, Attack
F-21
F-10
Type S, Cases 1 and 2, Attacks
F-22
F-11
Type Q, Case 2, Attack With Constant Wind Speed
F-23
F-12
Type Q, Case 2, Attack, (1 Hour Into CDR, Changing
Downwind Direction)
F-24
F-13
Sample NBC4 BIO Report
F-27
F-14
Sample NBC5 BIO Report
F-28
G-1
Unit Organic Optical Equipment Ideal for Sighting
Measurements
G-7
G-2
Growth of a Nuclear Cloud
G-9
G-3
Sample NBC1 NUC Report
G-10
G-4
Angular Cloud Width
G-12
G-5
Stabilized Cloud Top and Cloud Bottom Angle and
Height Measurements
G-12
G-6
NBC2 NUC Report
G-14
G-7
Polar Plot Method
G-16
G-8
Yield Estimation, Cloud Width and Flash-to-Bang Time/
Distance to GZ (Example)
G-17
G-9
Stabilized Cloud and Stem Parameters—Cloud Top/
Bottom Height (Example)
G-18
G-10 Yield Estimation, Angle to Top/Bottom of Cloud and
Flash-to-Bang Time/Distance to GZ (Example)
G-20
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NOTE: In some cases, it may be better to provide warning of a contamination by
means of general plain language messages rather than by the formats above. See
Appendix C for more information on CB MERWARN messages and Appendix G
for more information on nuclear MERWARN messages.
c.
Strike Warning (STRIKWARN). Friendly forces need to receive advanced
warning of a nuclear strike to ensure that they are not placed at unnecessary risk. Such
attacks are announced through a STRIKWARN message. This message applies to nuclear
strikes that may affect forces operating on land, over land, or at sea. STRIKWARN
messages typically use automatic data processing (ADP) messages, but can use alternate
means of communication to transmit warnings using the STRIKWARN format. Appendix I
of this manual covers STRIKWARN in more detail.
d.
MET and Weather Reports. Current MET data is a vital prerequisite for
radiological fallout and CB and ROTA downwind hazard prediction. MET data is
transmitted as a basic wind report (BWR). The effective downwind report (EDR) and the
chemical downwind report (CDR) are prepared at the CBRN control center and are
disseminated to all units served by the preparing CBRN control center.
(1)
BWR. A BWR is a basic wind message (BWM) or a basic wind forecast
(BWF). This message contains the basic MET data to be used for a fallout prediction (see
Appendix D). A BWR is an ADP-formatted message used to accommodate the BWM or the
BWF when transmitted.
(2)
EDR. An EDR is an EDM or an effective downwind forecast (EDF). This
message contains information on downwind speed and downwind direction for each of seven
preselected nuclear weapon yields (see Appendix I). An EDR is an ADP-formatted message
used to accommodate the EDM or the EDF message when transmitted.
(3)
CDR. A CDR is a CDM or a chemical downwind forecast (CDF). This
message contains basic MET information for predicting a biological aerosol (see Appendix
E) and chemical vapor hazard area (see Appendix F). A CDR is an ADP-formatted message
used to accommodate the NBC CDM or the NBC CDF message when transmitted.
5.
Mandatory Entries in Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Reports
In order to process and evaluate the CBRN attack data quicker and with more
efficiency, ensure that the information is valid and assist in manually inputting the data
into the automated systems (each line has mandatory information that must be entered for
the NBC message to be properly formatted). Certain rules apply to all lines or messages
and are as follows (see Table III-2, page III-8, for information required by line):
a.
The field contents are described by one of the following: A = alphabetic, N =
numeric, S = special characters (comprised of six characters [.,-()?]), B = blank, and X = any
combination of ANBS. Combinations of the codes exist in some fields.
b.
The fields must be filled with the number and the type of characters identified,
or a dash (-) may be inserted into a field when the information is not available. However,
some fields vary in length, which is indicated by giving a range for the number of
characters (for example, 1-20X).
c.
When a line is repeatable, it is indicated by a preceding asterisk (for example,
*=3 indicates that data can be entered up to three times).
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d.
If a repeatable line is used, then all fields within that line must be used each
time that line is repeated.
e.
In manual procedures, all information under one set is put into one sentence.
f.
In STRIKWARN messages, the units of measurement are default values and are,
therefore, excluded from the fields.
g.
All directional/angular measurements must be stated in degrees (3N) or mils
(4N) (for example, 40 degrees = 040, 18 mils = 0018).
h.
Sets or fields are mandatory (M), operationally determined (O), or conditional
(C).
Table III-2. Required Information by Line
ALFA
Strike Serial Number
/-
/-
/-
/-
/-
//
|
|
|
|
(O) Grading of message/report, 1-3N
|
|
|
(M) Type of incident*, 1-2A
|
|
(M) Sequence number, 1-10X
|
(M) Code for originator, 1-6X
(M) Nationality, 2A or:
(M) Area control center code, 2-3AN
*N=Nuclear Attack, B=Biological Attack, C=Chemical Attack, RN=Nuclear ROTA, RB=Biological ROTA,
RC=Chemical ROTA, RU=Unidentified ROTA
BRAVO
Location of the Observer and Direction of the Attack or Event
/-
/-
//
|
(M) Direction of Attack or Event from Observer and Unit of Measurement*
|
, 6-7AN Location of Observer, one of the following:
(M) Geographic Place Name, 1-30 X, or (M) Geographic Position, LAT/LONG, Seconds, 15AN, or
(M) Geographic Position, UTM 10-Meter, 13AN, or
(M) Geographic Position, LAT/LONG, Minutes, 11AN, or
(M) Geographic Position, UTM 100-Meter, 11AN
*DGM=Degrees/Magnetic North, DGT=Degrees/True North, DGG=Degrees/GN, MLM=Mils/Magnetic North,
MLT=Mils/True North, MLG=Mils/GN
CHARLIE
DTG of Report or Observation and End of Event
/-
/-
//
|
(O) DTG Event ended in Zulu Time, Month, and Year, 14AN
(M) DTG of Report or Observation in Zulu Time, Month, and Year, 14AN
DELTA
DTG of Attack or Detonation and Attack End
/-
/-
//
|
(O) DTG Attack ended in Zulu Time, Month, and Year, 14AN
(M) DTG of Attack or Detonation in Zulu Time, Month, and Year, 14AN
FOXTROT
Location of Attack or Event
/-*
/-
// (* = 6)
|
(M) Location Qualifier (AA=Actual, EE=Estimated), 2A
Attack or Event Location, one of the following:
(M) Geographic Place Name, 1-30X, or
(M) Geographic Position, LAT/LONG, Seconds, 15AN, or
(M) Geographic Position, UTM 100-Meter, 13AN, or
(M) Geographic Position, LAT/LONG, Minutes, 11AN, or
(M) Geographic Position, UTM 10-Meter, 11AN
Explanation of Repeatable Field
Line FOXTROT: Fields 1-2 are repeatable to accommodate up to 6 data entries in order to define a line or
area attack.
III-8
FM 3-11.3/MCWP 3-37.2A/NTTP 3-11.25/AFTTP(I) 3-2.56, C1
30 April 2009
Table III-2. Required Information by Line (Continued)
GOLF
Delivery and Quantity Information
/- /-
/-
/-
/-
//
|
|
|
|
(M) Number of Agent Containers, 1-3N, or
|
|
|
|
(M) Size of Release*, 3A
|
|
|
(M) Type of Agent Containers**, 3A
|
|
(M) Number of Delivery Systems, 1-3N
|
(M) Type of Delivery***, 3A
(M) Suspected/Observed Event (SUS=Suspected, OBS=Observed), 3A
*SML (Less than 200 Liters or 200 Kilograms), LRG, XLG (More than 1,500 Liters or Kilograms),
UNK=Unknown **BML=Bomblets, BOM=Bomb, BTL=Pressurized Gas Bottle, BUK=Bunker,
CON=Generic Storage Container, DRM=Nominal 55-gallon Storage Drum, GEN=Generator (Aerosol),
MSL=Missile, RCT=Reactor, RKT=Rocket, SHL=Shell, SPR=Spray (tank), STK=Stockpile, TNK=Storage
Tank, TOR=Torpedo, MNE=Mine (NBC-filled only), UNK=Unknown, WST=Waste
***AIR=Aircraft, BOM=Bomb (delivering bomblets only), CAN=Cannon, MLR=Multiple-Launched Rocket
System, MSL=Missile, MOR=Mortar, PLT=Plant, RLD=Railroad Car, SHP=Ship, TPT=Transport,
UNK=Unknown
HOTEL
Type of Nuclear Burst
/- //
(M) Type of Nuclear Burst (AIR, SUBS, SURF, UNK), 3-4A
INDIA
Release Information CB Agent Attacks or ROTA Events
/- /-
/-
/-*
// (* = 2)
|
|
|
(O) Type of Detection*, 3-5A
|
|
(O) Type of Persistency**, 1-3A
|
(O) Type of Agent (see Table III-3, page III-14), 1-4A or
|
(O) Agent Name (see Table III-4, page III-15), 1-4A or
|
(O) UN/NA Identification Number (see ERG), 4N
(M) Type of Agent-Release-Height (AIR, SURF, UNK), 3-4A
Explanation of Repeatable fields.
Line INDIA: Field 4 is repeatable to accommodate up to 2 entries in order to provide information on
multiple types of detection.
*OTH=Other (use GENTEXT to specify), MPDS=Manned Point Detection System, UMPDS=Unmanned
Point Detection System, MSDS=Manned Standoff Detection System, UMSDS=Unmanned Standoff
Detection System, MSVY=Manned Survey, UMSVY=Unmanned Survey** P=Persistent, NP=Nonpersistent,
T=Thickened, UNK=Unknown
JULIET
Flash-to-Bang Time in Seconds
/- //
(M) Flash-to-Bang Time in Seconds, 1-3N
KILO
Crater Description
/- /-
//
|
(O) Crater Width and Unit of Measurement*, 2-7AN
(M) Crater Indicator (CRATER=Crater present, NONE=No crater present, UNK=Unknown), 3-6A
*KM=Kilometers, NM=Nautical Miles, FT=Feet, KF=Kilofeet (1,000 feet), HM=Hectometres (100
meters),YD=Yards, M=Meters, SM=Statute Miles
LIMA
Nuclear Burst Angular Cloud Width at H+5 Minutes
/-//
(M) Angular Cloud Width (at H + 5 Min) and Unit of Measurement (DEG or MIL), 6-7 AN
MIKE
Stabilized Cloud Measurement at H+10 Minutes
/-*
/-
/-
// (* = 2)
|
|
(M) Cloud Height and Unit of Measurement*, 2-7AN
|
(M) Cloud Angle and Unit of Measurement (MIL or DEG), 6-7AN
(M) Cloud Section (TOP or BOT), 3A
Explanation of Repeatable Field
Line MIKE: Fields 1-3 are repeatable to accommodate up to 2 data entries in order to describe the cloud
height and/or the cloud angle for cloud top and/or for cloud bottom.
*KM=Kilometers, NM=Nautical Miles, FT=Feet, KF=Kilofeet (1,000 feet), HM=Hectometres (100
meters),YD=Yards, M=Meters, SM=Statute Miles
30 April 2009 FM 3-11.3/MCWP 3-37.2A/NTTP 3-11.25/AFTTP(I) 3-2.56, C1
III-9
Table III-2. Required Information by Line (Continued)
MIKER
Description and Status of ROTA Event
/-/-
//
|
(M) Status of ROTA Event (PUFF=Single Release of a Cloud, CONT=Continuous)
|
SPRAY=Spraying) 4-5A
(M) Description of ROTA Event*, 4-6A
*CLOUD=Visible Cloud, FIRE=Burning Fire, POOL=Large Quantity of Still Liquid, LEAK=Continuous Flow
from Damaged Pipe or Container, SPILL=Small Quantity of Still Liquid, LIQUID=Liquid
NOVEMBER
Estimated Nuclear Yield in Kilotons
/-//
(M) Estimated Nuclear Yield in Kilotons, 1-6NS
OSCAR
Reference Date Time Group for Estimated Contour Lines
/-//
(M) Reference Date-Time Group for estimated contour lines in Zulu Time, Month, and Year, 14AN
PAPAA
Predicted Attack/Release and Hazard Area
/- /-
/-
/-
//
|
|
|
(M) Duration of Hazard in Hazard Area and Unit of Measurement*, 5-8ANS
|
|
(M) Hazard Area Distance (see Appendix E for CHEM or Appendix F for BIO)
|
|
and Unit of Measurement** , 2-7AN
|
(M) Duration of Hazard in Attack or Release Area and Unit of Measurement*, 5-8ANS
(M) Attack or Release Area Radius and Unit of Measurement** , 2-7AN
*DAY=Days, HR=Hours, MIN=Minutes, SEC=Seconds, WK=Weeks, MON=Month
**KM=Kilometers, NM=Nautical Miles, FT=Feet, KF=Kilofeet (1,000 feet), HM=Hectometres (100 meters),
YD=Yards, M=Meters, SM=Statute Miles
PAPAB
Detailed Fallout Hazard Prediction Parameters
/- /-
/-
/-
/-
//
|
|
|
|
(M) Right Radial Line and Unit of Measurement*, 6-7AN
|
|
|
(M) Left Radial Line and Unit of Measurement*, 6-7AN
|
|
(M) Cloud Radius and Unit of Measurement, 3-4AN
|
(M) Downwind Distance of Zone I and Unit of Measurement, 4-5AN
(M) Effective Wind Speed and Unit of Measurement (MPS=Meters per Second,
KPH=Kilometers per Hour, KTS=Knots, MPH=Miles per Hour), 6AN
*DGM=Degrees/Magnetic North, DGT=Degrees/True North, DGG=Degrees/GN, MLM=Mils/Magnetic North,
MLT=Mils/True North, MLG=Mils/GN
PAPAC
Radar Determined External Contour of Radioactive Cloud
/-*
// (* = 6)
External Contour of Radioactive Cloud, one of the following:
(M) Geographic Position, LAT/LONG, Seconds, 15AN, or
(M) Geographic Position, UTM 10-Meter, 13AN, or
(M) Geographic Position, LAT/LONG, Minutes, 11AN, or
(M) Geographic Position, UTM 100-Meter, 11AN
Explanation of Repeatable Fields
Set PAPAC: Field 1 is repeatable to accommodate up to 6 entries in order to describe the radioactive
cloud outline.
PAPAD
Radar Determined Downwind Direction of Radioactive Cloud
/- //
(M) Downwind Direction of Radioactive Cloud and Unit of Measurement*, 6-7AN
*DGM=Degrees/Magnetic North, DGT=Degrees/True North, DGG=Degrees/GN, MLM=Mils/Magnetic
North, MLT=Mils/True North, MLG=Mils/GN
III-10
FM 3-11.3/MCWP 3-37.2A/NTTP 3-11.25/AFTTP(I) 3-2.56, C1
30 April 2009
Table III-2. Required Information by Line (Continued)
PAPAX**
Hazard Area Location for Weather Period (**=3)
/- /-*
// (* = 20)
| Hazard Area Location, one of the following:
|
(M) Geographic Position, LAT/LONG, Seconds, 15AN, or
|
(M) Geographic Position, UTM 10-Meter, 13AN, or
|
(M) Geographic Position, LAT/LONG, Minutes, 11AN, or
|
(M) Geographic Position, UTM 100-Meter, 11AN
(M) Date-Time Group of Start of Meteorological Period in Zulu Time, Month, and Year, 14AN
PAPAX is repeatable up to 3 times in order to describe three possible hazard areas corresponding to the
time periods from the CDM. A hazard area for a following time period will always include the previous
hazard area.
Field 2 is repeatable up to 20 times in order to describe the hazard area outline.
NOTE: If the hazard area location has only one position, draw a circle with a radius of the (remaining)
hazard area distance from line PAPAA. If the hazard area location has only two positions, these are the
extreme ends of a linear attack. For each point, draw a circle with a radius of the (remaining) hazard area
distance from line PAPAA and connect the circles by two tangents.
QUEBEC*
Location of Reading/Sample/Detection and
Type of Sample/Detection (* = 20)
/-/-
/-
/-
//
|
|
|
((O) Height of Measurement Above Ground Level and Unit of Measurement, 2-7AN
|
|
(M) Type of Detection*, 3-5A
|
(M) Type of Sample**, 1-5A
Location of Reading/Sample/Detection, one of the following:
(M) Geographic Position, LAT/LONG, Seconds, 15AN, or
(M) Geographic Position, UTM 10-Meter, 13AN, or
(M) Geographic Position, LAT/LONG, Minutes, 11AN, or
(M) Geographic Position, UTM 100-Meter, 11AN
QUEBEC is repeatable up to 20 times in order to describe multiple detectors and monitoring or survey
points.
*OTH=Other (use GENTEXT to specify), MPDS=Manned Point Detection System, UMPDS=Unmanned
Point Detection System, MSDS=Manned Standoff Detection System, UMSDS=Unmanned Standoff
Detection System, MSVY=Manned Survey, UMSVY=Unmanned Survey
**LIQ=Liquid sample, VAP=Vapor, SOIL=Soil Sample, SOLID= Solid Sample, VEG=Vegetation Sample,
WATER=Water Sample
30 April 2009 FM 3-11.3/MCWP 3-37.2A/NTTP 3-11.25/AFTTP(I) 3-2.56, C1
III-11
Table III-2. Required Information by Line (Continued)
ROMEO*
Level of Contamination, Dose Rate Trend, and
Decay Rate Trend. (* = 20)
/-/-
/-
//
|
|
(O) Relative Decay Rate (DN=Normal, DF=Fast, DS=Slow), 2A, or
|
|
(O) Actual Decay Rate, 3-4NS
|
(O) Dose Rate Trend*, 4A
(M) Level of Dose Rate/Dosage and Unit of Measurement**4-12ANS, or
(M) Level of Dose and Unit of Measurement***, 4-12ANS, or
(M) Level of Contamination and Unit of Measurement****4-12ANS, or
(M) Miosis*****, 4-5A
Line is repeatable up to 20 times in order to describe multiple detection and monitoring or survey points.
*BACK=Background, DECR=Decreasing, INCR=Increasing, INIT=Initial, SAME=Same, PEAK=Peak
**CGH=Centigray Per Hour, CSH=Centisievert Per Hour, MSH=Millisievert Per Hour, USH=Microsievert
Per Hour, BQS=Becquerel, MM3=Milligram-Minutes Per Cubic Meter
*** CFU=Colony-Forming Units , CGY=Centigray, CSV=Centisievert, MGY=Milligray , MSV=Millisievert,
USV=Microsievert
****ACPL=Agent-Containing Particles per Liter, BQM2=Becquerel per Square Meter, BQM3=Becquerel
per Cubic Meter, MGM2=Milligrams per Square Meter, MGM3=Milligrams per Cubic Meter,
PPM=Parts per Million (106), PPB=Parts per Billion (109)
***** MCTXX=Eye-Affecting Dosage xx (Miosis) = MCt1 to MCt99
SIERRA*
DTG of Reading or Initial Detection of Contamination (* = 20)
/-//
(M) DTG, Contamination Detected in Zulu Time, Month, and Year, 14AN, or
(M) DTG of Reading in Zulu Time, Month, and Year, 14AN
SIERRA is repeatable up to 20 times in order to describe multiple detection and monitoring or survey
points.
TANGO*
Terrain/Topography and Vegetation Description (* = 20)
/- /-
//
|
(M) Vegetation Description*, 3-5A
(M) Terrain/Topography Description**, 3-6A
TANGO is repeatable up to 20 times in order to describe multiple detection and monitoring or survey
points.
*BARE=Bare, SCRUB=Scrubby Vegetation, WOODS=Wooded Terrain, URBAN=Urban, UNK=Unknown
**FLAT=Flat, URBAN=Urban, HILL=Hill, SEA=Sea, VALLEY=Valley, UNK=Unknown
WHISKEY
Sensor information
/- /-
/-
/-
//
|
|
|
(O) Assurance Level of Results, (LOW, MED, HIGH), 3-4A
|
|
(O) Confirmatory Test (Y or N), 1A
|
(M) Nonspecific Potential Harmful Result (POS or NEG), 3A
(M) Generic Alarm Result (POS or NEG), 3A
WHISKEY format is prepared for future use. Procedures on how to use it will follow later.
III-12
FM 3-11.3/MCWP 3-37.2A/NTTP 3-11.25/AFTTP(I) 3-2.56, C1
30 April 2009
Table III-2. Required Information by Line (Continued)
XRAYA**
Actual Contour Information (** = 50)
/- /-*
// (*=50)
|
Limit Contour Line or Area of Contamination, one of the following:
|
(M) Geographic Position, LAT/LONG, Seconds, 15AN, or
|
(M) Geographic Position, UTM 10-Meter, 13AN, or
|
(M) Geographic Position, LAT/LONG, Minutes, 11AN, or
|
(M) Geographic Position, UTM 100-Meter, 11AN
(M) Level of Dose Rate/Dosage and Unit of Measurement*, 4-12ANS, or
(M) Level of Dose and Unit of Measurement**, 4-12ANS, or
(M) Level of Contamination and Unit of Measurement***, 4-12ANS, or
(M) Level of Hazard****, 3-5AN, or
(M) Miosis****, 4-5AN
Field 2 is repeatable to accommodate up to 50 data entries in order to describe respective contour lines.
XRAYA is repeatable up to 50 times to represent multiple contours.
*CGH=Centigray per Hour, CSH=Centisievert per Hour, MSH=Millisievert per Hour, USH=Microsievert per
Hour, BQS=Becquerel, MM3=Milligram-Minutes per Cubic Meter
** CFU=Colony-Forming Units, CGY=Centigray, CSV=Centisievert, MGY=Milligray, MSV=Millisievert,
USV=Microsievert
***ACPL=Agent-Containing Particles per Liter, BQM2=Becquerel per Square Meter, BQM3=Becquerel per
Cubic Meter, MGM2=Milligrams per Square Meter, MGM3=Milligrams per Cubic Meter, PPM=Parts per
Million (106), PPB=Parts per Billion (109)
****LDXX=Lethal Dose xx = LD1 to LD99, IDXX=Incapacitating Dose xx = ID1 to ID99, ICTXX=Incapacitating
Dosage xx = ICt1 to ICt99, LCTXX=Lethal Dosage xx = LCt1 to LCt99, MCTXX=Eye-Affecting Dosage xx
(Miosis) = MCt1 to MCt99
XRAYB**
Predicted Contour Information (** = 50)
/- /-
/-*
// (*=50)
|
|
Limit Contour Line or Area of Contamination, one of the following:
|
|
(M) Geographic Position, LAT/LONG, Seconds, 15AN, or
|
|
(M) Geographic Position, UTM 10-Meter, 13AN, or
|
|
(M) Geographic Position, LAT/LONG, Minutes, 11AN, or
|
|
(M) Geographic Position, UTM 100-Meter, 11AN
|
(M) Level of Dose Rate/Dosage and Unit of Measurement*, 4-12ANS or
|
(M) Level of Dose and Unit of Measurement**, 4-12 ANS or
|
(M) Level of Contamination and Unit of Measurement***, 4-12ANS
|
(M) Level of Hazard****, 3-5AN, or
|
(M) Miosis****, 5A
(M) Type of Contour*****, 2N
Field 3 is repeatable to accommodate up to 50 data entries in order to describe respective contour lines.
XRAYB is repeatable up to 50 times to describe multiple contours or segments.
*CGH=Centigray per Hour, CSH=Centisievert per Hour, MSH=Millisievert per Hour, USH=Microsievert per
Hour, BQS=Becquerel, MM3=Milligram-minutes per Cubic Meter
** CFU=Colony-Forming Units , CGY=Centigray, CSV=Centisievert, MGY=Milligray , MSV=Millisievert,
USV=Microsievert
*** ACPL=Agent-Containing Particles per Liter, BQM2=Becquerel per Square Meter, BQM3=Becquerel per
Cubic Meter, MGM2=Milligrams per Square Meter, MGM3=Milligrams per Cubic Meter, PPM=Parts per
Million (106), PPB=Parts per Billion (109)
****LDXX=Lethal Dose xx = LD1 to LD99, IDXX=Incapacitating Dose xx = ID1 to ID99, ICTXX=Incapacitating
Dosage xx = ICt1 to ICt99, LCTXX=Lethal Dosage xx = LCt1 to LCt99, MCTXX=Eye-Affecting Dosage xx
(Miosis) = MCt1 to MCt99
*****01 through 99=Probability in percent terms of exceeding value in Field 2 of Set XRAYB
30 April 2009 FM 3-11.3/MCWP 3-37.2A/NTTP 3-11.25/AFTTP(I) 3-2.56, C1
III-13
Table III-2. Required Information by Line (Continued)
YANKEE*
Downwind Direction and Downwind Speed (* = 20)
/- /-
//
|
(M) Downwind Speed and Unit of Measurement*, 4-6AN
(M) Downwind Direction and Unit of Measurement**, 6-7AN
YANKEE is repeatable up to 20 times in order to describe multiple detection and monitoring or survey
points.
* MPS=Meters per Second, KPH=Kilometers per Hour, KTS=Knots, MPH=Miles per Hour
** DGM=Degrees/Magnetic North, DGT=Degrees/True North, DGG=Degrees/GN, MLM=Mils/Magnetic
North, MLT=Mils/True North, MLG=Mils/GN
ZULU*
Actual Weather Conditions (* = 20)
/- /-
/-
/-
/-
//
|
|
|
|
(M) Cloud Coverage*, 1N
|
|
|
(M) Significant Weather Phenomena**, 1AN
|
|
(M) Relative Humidity Range***, 1N
|
(M) Surface Air Temperature and Unit of Measurement (for example, -48F, 27C), 2-4ANS
(M) Detailed Air Stability Category****, 1N or
(M) Simplified Air Stability Category, (U=Unstable, N=Neutral, or S=Stable), 1A
ZULU is repeatable up to 20 times in order to describe multiple detection and monitoring or survey points.
*0=Less than half covered (scattered), 1=More than half covered (broken), 2=Completely covered
(overcast), 3=No clouds (clear conditions)
**0=No Significant Weather Phenomena, 1=Sea Breeze, 2=Land Breeze, 3=Blowing Snow, Sand Storm,
Dust Storm, 4=Fog, Ice Fog, Thick Haze (visibility less than 4 km), 5=Drizzle, 6=Rain, 7=Snow, Rain, Snow
mixed (no shower), 8=Showers of Rain, Snow, Rain and Snow mixed, Hail, 9=Thunderstorm with or without
Precipitation, A=Top of inversion layer lower than 800 M, B=Top of inversion layer lower than 400 M,
C=Top of inversion layer lower than 200 M
***0=0-9 Percent, 1=10-19 Percent, 2=20-29 Percent, 3=30-39 Percent, 4=40-49 Percent,
5=50-59 Percent, 6=60-69 Percent, 7=70-79 Percent, 8=80-89 Percent, 9=90-100 Percent
****1=Very Unstable, 2=Unstable, 3=Slightly Unstable, 4=Neutral, 5=Slightly Stable, 6=Stable,
7=Very Stable
GENTEXT
General Text (unlimited free text).
/- /-
//
|
(M) Free Text, Unlimited X
(M) Text Indicator, (NBC INFO or NBC SITREP), 1-61X
Table III-3. Types of Agents
Nuclear
Biological
Chemical
NIL
No agent
BIO
Biological
BL
Blister agent
detected (only
used in NBC4)
OTR
Other agent
NIL
No agent
BLOD
Blood agent
detected (only
used in NBC4)
RNP
ROTA nuclear
OTR
Other agent
CHOK
Choking agent
power plant
TIM
TIM
TIM
TIM
G
G agent
UNK
Unknown
TOX
Toxin
H
Mustard agent
UNK
Unknown
INCP
Incapaciting agent
BAC
Bacterial
IRT
Irritant
CLA
Chlamydia
NERV
Nerve agent
III-14
FM 3-11.3/MCWP 3-37.2A/NTTP 3-11.25/AFTTP(I) 3-2.56, C1
30 April 2009
Table III-3. Types of Agents (Continued)
Nuclear
Biological
Chemical
RIC
Rickettsiae
NIL
No agent detected (only
used in NBC4)
VIR
Viral
OTR
Other agent
PENT
Penetrating agent
TIM
TIM
UNK
Unknown
V
V agent
VMT
Vomiting agent
Note: If OTR is used, include any details available in GENTEXT set.
Table III-4. Agent Name
Nuclear
Chemical
ALP
Alpha
AC
Hydrogen cyanide
BETA
Beta
BZ
Quinuclidinyl benzilate
GAM
Gamma
CG
Phosgene
NEU
Neutron
CK
Cyanogen chloride
COB
Cobalt-60
CX
Phosgene oxime
CES
Cesium-137
DP
Di-phosgene
FF
Fresh reactor fuel
GA
Tabun
FL
Nuclear weapon fallout
GB
Sarin
IO
Iodine
GD
Soman
OF
Spent reactor fuel
GF
Cyclo-Sarin
PU
Plutonium
HD
Mustard distilled
HL
Mustard lewisite
HN
Nitrogen mustard
HT
Trimeric mustard
L
Lewisite
PS
Chloropicrin
SA
Arsin
TG
Tear gas
VX
VX
NOTE: If the biological agent identity is known, enter it in GENTEXT set.
6.
Classification and Precedence
The classification and precedence of the CBRN messages ensure that they are
disseminated in a timely and effective manner.
a.
Classification. Unless the NBC message contains specific operational
information (e.g., effects on troops), all such messages should be unclassified.
b.
Precedence. NBC1 messages reporting the first enemy use of CBRN weapons
(first use of nuclear weapons, first use of biological weapons, and first use of chemical
weapons) or ROTA incidents must be given FLASH precedence. All other messages should
be given a precedence that reflects the operational value of the contents. Normally,
IMMEDIATE would be appropriate. Once a CBRN event occurs, the number of NBC
messages will be substantial. CBRN staffs must prepare their SOPs carefully in order to
avoid an unnecessary load on the communication systems.
7.
Decision Support Tools
Collecting, evaluating, processing, and relaying all the reports from the field can be an
extremely difficult and time-consuming task when done manually. In order to help reduce
30 April 2009 FM 3-11.3/MCWP 3-37.2A/NTTP 3-11.25/AFTTP(I) 3-2.56, C1
III-15
the number of errors and expedite the process, the United States Government (USG) has
developed various modeling programs and systems to help commanders make more
informed decisions quicker and more accurately. There are a large number of models
available through various Department of Defense (DOD) and other federal agencies. Models
are volatile and dynamic; therefore, considerable expertise is required to avoid misuse or
misreading of the results. For additional information on models, refer to the Modeling and
Simulation Information Analysis Center Web site <www.msiac.dmso.mil>.
8.
Technical Reach-Back Capabilities
The commander will require not only accurate and timely information but also
tremendous reach-back capabilities. Reach-back occurs when commanders access the
capabilities of remotely located informational resources through their C2 systems. Reach-
back is a process that employs communications assets to identify and bring to bear
resources that are not present at a CBRN site.
a.
General.
(1)
Technical reach-back is the ability to contact technical subject matter
experts (SMEs) when a technical issue exceeds the on-scene SME’s capability. Reach-back
should be conducted using established unit protocols. Many of the listed reach-back
resources have other primary missions and are not specifically resourced for reach-back.
Issues may include the following:
(a) Nonstandard Agent Identification of CBRN and TIM. If a TIM is used
or is suspected, CBRN personnel must obtain technical information. This information could
include persistency, medical effects, and decontamination or protection requirements.
(b) Modeling/Hazard Prediction. The spread of contamination must be
known to operational units. Technical experts can use modeling to provide a better
indication of where vapor, liquid, or aerosolized hazards may occur. Technical reach-back
should provide the ability for detailed analysis of the area to assist in determining
downwind hazard areas and locating staging areas, operation centers, decontamination
sites, etc.
(2)
Reach-back can be accomplished through various means, from the
telephone to broadband satellites.
b.
Technical Reach-Back Capabilities. The following technical reach-back capability
is available if technical issues exceed on-site, local SME capabilities (see Table III-5).
Reach-back should be conducted using established local protocols and SOPs.
Table III-5. Technical Reach-Back Points of Contact
DTRA
877-244-1187
AFRRI
301-295-0316/0530
Technical CB Assistance Hotline
877-269-4496
USAMRIID
888-872-7443
USAMRICD
800-424-8802
NEPMU
See paragraph 8b(6)
NMRC
301-319-7510
NEHC
See paragraph 8b(7)
III-16
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30 April 2009
Table III-5. Technical Reach-Back Points of Contact (Continued)
AFCESA
850-283-6995, DSN 523-6995
NRC, Chemical Terrorism/CB Hotline
800-424-8802
(1)
Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA). The DTRA can provide technical
reach-back information and services for on-scene personnel. The focal/coordination point for
support is through the DTRA emergency operations center (EOC). The DTRA EOC enables
first responders and warfighters to deal with CBRN threats through online assistance and
provides a wide-band infrastructure for user support. As part of the Combat Support
Directorate in DTRA, the EOC is manned 7 days a week, 24 hours a day, and has the
requisite communications links to act as the single point of contact (POC) for online
assistance and the dispatch of other agency resources, as required. For more information on
DTRA, visit <http://www.dtra.mil>.
(2)
Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (AFRRI). The AFRRI can
provide DOD technical support for nuclear/radiological incidents or accidents.
(3)
Technical CB Assistance Hotline. The USA Soldier and Biological Chemical
Command (SBCCOM) hotline provides technical assistance to emergency responders. The
hotline is manned and operated 7 days a week, 24 hours a day.
(4)
USA Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID). The
USAMRIID provides medical and scientific SMEs and technical guidance to commanders
and senior leaders on the prevention and treatment of hazardous diseases and the medical
management of biological casualties. The USAMRIID serves as the DOD reference center
for the identification of biological agents from clinical specimens and other sources. The
USAMRIID can provide technical guidance for assessing and evaluating a biological
terrorist incident from initial communication of the threat through incident resolution.
(5)
USA Medical Research Institute for Chemical Defense (USAMRICD). The
USAMRICD provides medical and scientific SMEs and technical guidance to commanders
and senior leaders on the prevention and treatment of chemical casualties. The
USAMRICD can provide technical guidance for assessing and evaluating a chemical
terrorist incident from initial communications of the threat through incident resolution.
(6) Navy Environmental and Preventive Medicine Units (NEPMUs). Regional
NEPMUs have the mission to provide specialized consultation, advice, recommendations,
and technical support in matters of environmental health, preventive medicine, and
occupational safety to USN and USMC shore activities and units of the operational forces
within their designated areas of responsibility. An ashore or afloat command requesting
guidance related to suspect bioagent material can consult one of the following NEPMUs
within their area of responsibility. The units are available on-call 7 days a week, 24 hours a
day. The NEPMU staff can provide technical assistance and confirmatory laboratory
analysis for biological and chemical agents. They can also provide assistance on requests for
additional support teams (CB incident response force, technical escort unit, CB response
team, etc). Response teams are deployable within 48 hours upon notification. See OPNAV
N931/BUMED M3F for more information. Regional NEPMU locations and contact
information are listed below.
30 April 2009 FM 3-11.3/MCWP 3-37.2A/NTTP 3-11.25/AFTTP(I) 3-2.56, C1
III-17
• NEPMU-2, Norfolk, VA
(DSN) 564-7671, (COMM) 757-444-7671
Email: <nepmu2@nepmu2.med.navy.mil>
Classified Message Traffic:
NAVENPVNTMEDU TWO NORFOLK VA
• NEPMU-5, San Diego, CA
(DSN) 526-7070, (COMM) 619-556-7070
Email: <nepmu5@nepmu5.med.navy.mil>
Classified Message Traffic:
NAVENPVNTMEDU FIVE SAN DIEGO CA
• NEPMU-6, Pearl Harbor, HI
(DSN) 473-0555, (COMM) 808-473-0555
Email: <nepmu6@nepmu6.med.navy.mil>
Classified Message Traffic:
NAVENPVNTMEDU SIX PEARL HARBOR HI
(7)
Navy Medical Research Center (NMRC). The NMRC conducts research and
development, test and evaluation, and disease surveillance to enhance the health, safety,
performance, and deployment medical readiness of the USN and USMC. Its Biological
Defense Research Directorate (BDRD) has a staff that is recognized as a leader in the rapid
and confirmatory diagnosis of infectious diseases. The BDRD explores basic and applied
microbiological, immunological, and related scientific research methodologies for the
development of medical diagnostics. The BDRD staff has designed, developed, and tested a
broad variety of methodologies that have allowed for swift and accurate diagnosis essential
for substantive medical protection and readiness of USN and USMC personnel. They have
been instrumental in the advancement and refinement of confirmatory diagnostic methods
using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methodologies in tandem with state-of-the-art
biosensor technologies. Additional information is available at the NMRC Web site
<http://www.nmrc.navy.mil>. The BDRD staff can be contacted via e-mail at
<bdrd1@nmrc.navy.mil> or <bdrd2@nmrc.navy.mil>. Subsequent Secret Internet Protocol
Router Network (SIPRNET) communications links will be established as requested.
(8)
Navy Environmental Health Center (NEHC). The mission of the NEHC is
to ensure USN and USMC readiness through leadership in the prevention of disease and
promotion of health. The command has specialists in environmental health, radiation
health, industrial hygiene, medical entomology, biochemistry, toxicology, and preventive
medicine. Chemical, biological, radiological, and environmental medical defense technical
support and consultative assistance is available within the Plans and Operations
Directorate. The SIPRNET e-mail address is <plansops@nehc.navy.smil.mil>. The
command Web site <http://www.nehc.med.navy.mil> contains numerous links to additional
useful references and instructions.
(9)
Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency (AFCESA). The Full-Spectrum
Threat Response (FSTR) Division plans, trains, equips, and conducts USAF FSTR
programs that include nuclear, biological, chemical, and conventional (NBCC) weapons of
mass destruction (WMDs), HAZMAT incidents, natural disasters, and major accidents. The
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FSTR Integration Division also coordinates homeland security issues and is the lead US
representative for international NBCC defense standardization.
(10) The National Response Center (NRC) mans the hotline service and serves
as an emergency resource for first responders to request technical assistance during an
incident. The intended users include trained emergency personnel, such as emergency
operators and first responders. Other potential users may include the state EOCs and
hospitals that may treat victims of agent exposure.
(a) The United States Coast Guard
(USCG) operates the NRC, and
trained operators staff the hotline 7 days a week, 24 hours a day. Operators use extensive
databases and reference material in addition to having immediate access to the nation's top
SMEs in the field of CBRN agents. NRC duty officers take reports of actual or potential
domestic terrorism and link emergency calls with applicable SMEs (such as USA SBCCOM,
USAMRICD) for technical assistance and with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
for federal-response actions. The NRC also provides reports and notifications to other
federal agencies, as necessary. Specialty areas include the following:
• Detection equipment.
• Personal protective equipment.
• Decontamination systems and methods.
• Physical properties of CB agents.
• Toxicology information.
• Medical symptoms from exposure to CB agents.
• Treatment of exposure to CB agents.
• Hazard prediction models.
• Federal-response assets.
• Applicable laws and regulations.
(b) The CB hotline is a joint effort of the USCG, FBI, Federal
Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA), Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA),
Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), and DOD. The NRC is the entry point
for the CB hotline. The NRC receives basic incident information and links the caller to the
DOD and FBI CB and terrorism experts. These and other federal agencies can be accessed
within a few minutes to provide technical assistance during a potential CB incident. If the
situation warrants, a federal-response action may be initiated.
(c)
Use the local established policies and procedures for requesting
federal assistance before contacting the CB hotline. State and local officials can access the
hotline in emergency circumstances by calling 1-800-424-8802.
(d) For more information on the NRC, visit <http://www.nrc.uscg.mil/>.
9.
Avoidance Tools
Conducting CBRN avoidance operations is a complex process. Various tools and TTP
have been developed to systematically and accurately prepare for and conduct CBRN
avoidance operations.
30 April 2009 FM 3-11.3/MCWP 3-37.2A/NTTP 3-11.25/AFTTP(I) 3-2.56, C1
III-19
a.
Many of the tools required to conduct CBRN avoidance operations are included
in this manual. They are:
CBRN checklists (Appendix A)
CBRN center/cell operations (Appendix B).
Guidance on the management of radiological hazards (Appendix C).
MET reports (Appendix D).
TTP for chemical contamination avoidance (Appendix E).
TTP for biological contamination avoidance (Appendix F).
TTP for nuclear contamination avoidance (Appendix G).
TTP for ROTA contamination avoidance (Appendix H).
Guidance on the use of the STRIKWARN message (Appendix I).
Required nomograms, tables, and graphs (Appendix J).
Calculations used in conducting CBRN avoidance operations (Appendix K).
Example forms used when conducting CBRN avoidance operations (Appendix L).
b.
Other TTP specifically designed to support CBRN avoidance operations are
found in Multiservice Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Nuclear, Biological, and
Chemical Reconnaissance; Multiservice Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Nuclear,
Biological, and Chemical Vulnerability Assessment; and Multiservice Tactics, Techniques,
and Procedures for Biological Surveillance.
III-20
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•
The vapor cloud formed by an agent normally employed for a
persistent effect rises in a similar manner, but vapor concentrations build up more
gradually.
(3)
Wind.
(a) High wind speeds cause rapid dispersion of vapors or aerosols, thereby
decreasing the effective coverage of the target area and the time of exposure to the agent. In
high winds, larger quantities of munitions are required to ensure the effective
concentrations. Agent clouds are most effective when wind speeds are less than 4 knots and
steady in direction. The clouds move with the prevailing wind as altered by terrain and
vegetation. Steady, low wind (speeds of 3 to 7 knots) enhances the coverage area unless an
unstable condition exists. With high winds, chemical agents cannot be economically
employed to achieve casualties.
(b) The evaporation of liquid agents due to wind speed depends on the
amount of the liquid exposed to the wind (the surface of the liquid) and the rate that the air
passes over the agent. Therefore, the duration of effectiveness is longer at the places of
greater liquid-agent contamination and in places where the liquid agent is sheltered from
the wind.
(c)
The evaporation rate of agents employed for persistent effect in a
liquid state is proportional to the wind speed. If the speed increases, evaporation increases,
thus shortening the duration of the effective contamination. Increased evaporation, in turn,
creates a larger vapor cloud. The vapor cloud is dispersed by higher winds. The creation
and dispersion of the vapor is a continuous process, increasing or decreasing in proportion
to the wind speed.
(4)
Temperature. There will be increased vaporization with higher
temperatures. Also, the rate of evaporation of any remaining liquid agent from an exploding
munition can vary with the temperature.
(5)
Humidity. Humidity is the measure of the water vapor content in the air.
Hydrolysis is a process where compounds react to chemical change with water, resulting in
chemical agents with high hydrolysis. Rates are less effective under conditions of high
humidity. Humidity has little effect on most chemical-agent clouds. Some agents (phosgene
and lewisite) hydrolyze quite readily. Hydrolysis causes these chemical agents to break
down and change their chemical characteristics. If the relative humidity exceeds
70 percent, phosgene and lewisite cannot be employed effectively except for a surprise
time-on-target attack because of rapid hydrolysis. Lewisite hydrolysis by-products are not
dangerous to the skin; however, they are toxic if taken internally because of the arsenic
content. The riot control agent CS also hydrolyzes, although slowly, in high humidity. High
humidity combined with high temperatures may increase the effectiveness of some agents
because of body perspiration that will absorb the agents and allow for better transfer.
(6)
Precipitation.
(a) The overall effect of precipitation is unfavorable because it is
extremely effective in washing chemical vapors and aerosols from the air, vegetation, and
material. Weather forecasts or observations indicating the presence of, or potential for,
precipitation present an unfavorable environment for the employment of chemical agents.
However, light rains distribute persistent agents more evenly over a large surface. Since
30 April 2009 FM 3-11.3/MCWP 3-37.2A/NTTP 3-11.25/AFTTP(I) 3-2.56, C1
D-7
more liquid is then exposed to the air, the rate of evaporation may increase and cause
higher vapor concentrations. Precipitation also accelerates the hydrolysis effect. Heavy rain
or rain of a long duration tends to wash away liquid chemical agents. These agents may
then collect in areas previously uncontaminated (such as stream beds and depressions) and
present an unplanned contamination hazard.
(b) The evaporation rate of a liquid agent reduces when the agent is
covered with water, but returns to normal when the water is gone. Precipitation may bring
some persistent agents back to the surface as contact hazards that have previously lost
their contact effectiveness by soaking into the soil or other porous surfaces.
(c)
Snow acts as a blanket, covering the liquid contaminant. It lowers the
surface temperature and slows evaporation so that only very low vapor concentrations form.
When the snow melts, the danger of the contamination reappears; however, hydrolysis may
reduce its operational effectiveness.
3.
Overview of Meteorological Reports
Weather reporting must be thoroughly integrated into the CBRNWRS.
a.
BWR.
(1)
The BWR provides information on the wind conditions (i.e., wind direction
and wind speed) in a number of layers from the surface of the earth to 30,000 meters (m)
altitude. Each layer has a thickness of 2,000 m.
(2)
The NBC BWR is an ADP-formatted message used to accommodate the two
types of BWRs.
(a) The BWM provides wind directions and speeds at various elevations
for an initial 6-hour period based on actual weather data.
(b) The BWF provides wind directions and speeds for a subsequent 6-hour
period based on predicted data.
(3)
Within each of the two types of BWRs, the message always begins with
information on the wind conditions within the lowest layer first (from the surface to 2,000
m), then for the 2,000- to 4,000-m layer, etc. A numerical identifier is used for each of the
layers, beginning with 2 for the 0 m-2,000 m layer, 4 for the 2,000 m-4,000 m layer, etc.
b.
EDR.
(1)
The EDR is used to provide the effective downwind data needed to predict a
fallout area following a nuclear burst. Seven downwind speeds and downwind directions
(toward which the wind is blowing) are transmitted within each EDR, corresponding to
seven preselected weapon yield groups.
(2)
The NBC EDR is an ADP-formatted message used to accommodate two
types of EDRs.
(a) The EDM provides downwind speeds and directions for the selected
seven yield groups during an initial 6-hour period.
(b) The EDF provides wind directions and speeds for selected yield groups
for a subsequent 6-hour period.
D-8
FM 3-11.3/MCWP 3-37.2A/NTTP 3-11.25/AFTTP(I) 3-2.56, C1
30 April 2009
(3)
Special Case. When the effective downwind speed is less than 8 kilometers
per hour (kph), the predicted fallout area will be circular and the radii of two concentric
circles around GZ will be equal to the Zone I downwind distance and the Zone II downwind
distance, respectively.
c.
CDR.
(1)
A CDR contains basic MET information for predicting biological aerosol or
chemical vapor hazard areas. These reports are also used for ROTA incidents where Type
T, TIM, Case 2, RDD, Case 3, biological bunker or production facility, or Case 4, chemical
stockpile or TIM transport/storage are involved.
(2)
The NBC CDR is an ADP-formatted message used to accommodate two
types of CDRs.
(a) The CDM provides required weather information during an initial
6-hour period.
(b) The CDF provides required weather information for a subsequent
6-hour period.
(3)
These reports are prepared by corps and division CBRN cells from
information obtained through the assigned weather support element (USAF Air Weather
Service [AWS], SWO, or Naval Oceanography Program representative).
(4)
The CDR is transmitted at least four times a day, and each message is valid
for a 6-hour period. Each 6-hour period is subdivided into three 2-hour subperiods.
d.
MET Report Fields. Tables D-3 and D-4 (page D-10) provide fields and lines used
in the different MET reports.
Table D-3. Common Message Headings for MET Reports
Field
BWR
EDR
CDR
EXER
O
O
O
OPER
C
C
C
MSGID
M
M
M
REF
O
O
O
DTG
M
M
M
ORGIDDFT
M
M
M
NBCEVENT
M
M
M
M = Mandatory
O = Operationally Determined
C = Conditional
30 April 2009 FM 3-11.3/MCWP 3-37.2A/NTTP 3-11.25/AFTTP(I) 3-2.56, C1
D-9
Table D-4. NBC MET Reports
Field*
BWR
EDR
CDR
AREAM
M
M
M
ZULUM
M
M
M
UNITM
M
M
M
LAYERM
M
-
-
ALFAM
-
M
-
BRAVOM
-
O
-
CHARLIEM
-
O
-
DELTAM
-
O
-
FOXTROTM
-
O
-
ECHOM
-
O
-
GOLFM
-
O
-
WHISKEYM
-
-
M
XRAYM
-
-
O
YANKEEM
-
-
O
*The letter M is added behind the field to signify a meteorological message.
-
= Not used
M = Mandatory
O = Operationally Determined
e.
Common Report (ADP) Field Explanations.
•
EXER
Exercise identification
Example using EXER/VALIANTCOURAGE2004/-//
EXER/VALIANTCOURAGE2004/-//
Exercise nickname
1-56 X
Mandatory if EXER is used
EXER/VALIANTCOURAGE2004/-//
Additional identifier
4-16 letters and blank spaces
Optional if EXER is used
•
OPER
Operation code word
Example using GRAND ACCOMPLISHMENT/-/-/-//
OPER/GRAND ACCOMPLISHMENT/-/-/-//
Operation code word
1-32 letters and blank spaces
Mandatory if OPER is used
D-10
FM 3-11.3/MCWP 3-37.2A/NTTP 3-11.25/AFTTP(I) 3-2.56, C1
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OPER/GRAND ACCOMPLISHMENT/-/-/-//
Plan originator and number
5-36 X
Optional if OPER is used
OPER/GRAND ACCOMPLISHMENT/-/-/-//
Nickname
1-23 X
Optional if OPER is used
OPER/GRAND ACCOMPLISHMENT/-/-/-//
Secondary nickname
1-23 X
Optional if OPER is used
•
MSGID
Message text identifier
Example using MSGID/CDR/AWS/382856/-/-/-//
MSGID/CDR/AWS/382856/-/-/-//
Message text format identifier
3-20 X
Mandatory
MSGID/CDR/AWS/382856/-/-/-//
Originator
1-30 X
Mandatory
MSGID/CDR/AWS/382856/-/-/-//
Message serial number
1-7 numbers
Mandatory
MSGID/CDR/AWS/382856/-/-/-//
Month name
3 letters
Optional
MSGID/CDR/AWS/382856/-/-/-//
Qualifier
3 letters
Optional
30 April 2009 FM 3-11.3/MCWP 3-37.2A/NTTP 3-11.25/AFTTP(I) 3-2.56, C1
D-11
MSGID/CDR/AWS/382856/-/-/-//
Serial number of qualifier
1-3 numbers
Optional
•
REF
Reference
Set can be repeated up to 3 times
Example using REF/A/CMP/NBCACCUK/20040427/-/-/-//
REF/A/CMP/NBCACCUK/20040427/-/-/-//
Serial letter
1 letter
Mandatory
REF/A/CMP/NBCACCUK/20040427/-/-/-//
Communication type
3-20 X
Mandatory if REF is used
REF/A/CMP/NBCACCUK/20040427/-/-/-//
Originator
1-30 X
Mandatory if REF is used
REF/A/CMP/NBCACCUK/20040427/-/-/-//
Day-Time Group of Reference, 4 Digit Year or
14 AN
Day-Time of Reference or
7 AN
Day-Time and Month of Reference or
10 AN
Date of Reference, DDMMMYYYY or
9 AN
Date of Reference, DDMMYYYY or
8 N
Date of Reference, YYYYMMDD or
8 N
Month-Year
D-12
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7 AN
Mandatory if REF is used
REF/A/CMP/NBCACCUK/20040427/-/-/-//
Reference serial number or
1 - 30 X
Document serial number
10 X
Optional if REF is used
REF/A/CMP/NBCACCUK/20040427/-/-/-//
Special notification
5 letters
Optional if REF is used
REF/A/CMP/NBCACCUK/20040427/-/-/-//
Signal indicator code (SIC) or
3 AN
File number
1-10 X
Can be repeated 3 times
Optional if REF is used
•
DTG
Date-Time-Group in Zulu-Time, Month, and Year
14 letters and numbers
Example DTG/231100ZNOV2004//
•
ORGIDDFT
Organization designator of drafter/releaser
Example using ORGIDDFT/UKRA/BAT/UK/AA/BB/CC/DD/AG/A/-//
ORGIDDFT/UKRA/BAT/UK/AA/BB/CC/DD/AG/A/-//
Unit designation name
1-15 letters, numbers, and special characters
Mandatory
ORGIDDFT/UKRA/BAT/UK/AA/BB/CC/DD/AG/A/-//
Unit size indicator
1-7 letters
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D-13
Mandatory
ORGIDDFT/UKRA/BAT/UK/AA/BB/CC/DD/AG/A/-//
Geographical entity
2 letters
Mandatory
ORGIDDFT/UKRA/BAT/UK/AA/BB/CC/DD/AG/A/-//
Unit role indicator code “A”
2-6 letters
Mandatory
ORGIDDFT/UKRA/BAT/UK/AA/BB/CC/DD/AG/A/-//
Unit role indicator code “B”
2-6 letters
Mandatory
ORGIDDFT/UKRA/BAT/UK/AA/BB/CC/DD/AG/A/-//
Unit role indicator code “C”
2-6 letters
Mandatory
ORGIDDFT/UKRA/BAT/UK/AA/BB/CC/DD/AG/A/-//
Unit role indicator code “D”
2-6 letters
Mandatory
ORGIDDFT/UKRA/BAT/UK/AA/BB/CC/DD/AG/A/-//
Higher formation name
1-15 letters, numbers, or special characters
Mandatory
ORGIDDFT/UKRA/BAT/UK/AA/BB/CC/DD/AG/A/-//
Armed service (1 letter or number) or
Civilian agency code (2-8 letter and numbers)
Mandatory
ORGIDDFT/UKRA/BAT/UK/AA/BB/CC/DD/AG/A/-//
Unit identification code (UIC)
7-9 letters and numbers
Conditional - mandatory if field 2 is “CORPS,” “ARMY,” “AG,” “MOD,”
or “MD” otherwise it is operationally determined
D-14
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•
NBCEVENT
Type of NBC MET report
Example using NBCEVENT/CDM/-//
NBCEVENT/CDM/-//
Type of weather report
BWM
BWF
EDM
EDF
CDM
CDF
3 letters
NBCEVENT/CDM/-//
Validation code
1-10 X
Used only with ADP systems
f.
MET Report (ADP) Field Explanations.
•
AREAM
Area affected; may be a map sheet number or an area such as I CORPS
2-20 X
•
ZULUM
DTG for:
Observation time
Valid from
Valid to
Three sets of 14 letters and numbers
Example ZULUM
ZULUM/231100ZNOV2004/231200ZNOV2004/231800ZNOV2004//
•
UNITM
Units of measurement used in the message
Example using UNITM/-/DGT/KPH/-//
Length or height
1-2 letters
30 April 2009 FM 3-11.3/MCWP 3-37.2A/NTTP 3-11.25/AFTTP(I) 3-2.56, C1
D-15
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