GUIDE TO SAFE SCOUTING (February 2022 Revision) - part 1

 

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GUIDE TO SAFE SCOUTING (February 2022 Revision) - part 1

 

 

The BSA’s Commitment to Safety
In Scouting, we will not compromise the safety of our youth, volunteers,
and employees. Safety is a value that must be taught and reinforced at every
opportunity. We are all responsible and must hold each other accountable to
provide a safe environment for all participants.
We are committed to abuse prevention by utilizing:
• Mandatory youth protection training.
• Criminal background checks.
• Banning one-on-one adult and youth interactions.
• Mandatory reporting of suspected abuse to law enforcement.
• A volunteer screening database.
We are committed to injury and illness prevention by integrating safety
measures in our handbooks, literature, and training materials including the
Guide to Safe Scouting. We expect leaders to use the four points of SAFE when
delivering the program. SAFE Scouting measures include:
• Youth are Supervised by qualified and trustworthy adults who set
the example for safety.
• Activities are Assessed for risks.
• Pre-requisite Fitness and skill levels are confirmed before
participation.
• Appropriate Equipment is utilized and Environmental
conditions are monitored.
When incidents do occur, we expect a timely, clear, and complete incident
report. We are committed to learning from the data and modifying program
guidance for the prevention of future occurrence.
BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA
SCOUTER CODE OF CONDUCT
On my honor I promise to do my best to comply with this Boy Scouts
of America Scouter Code of Conduct while serving in my capacity as
an adult leader:
1. I have or will complete my registration with the Boy Scouts of America,
answering all questions truthfully and honestly.
2. I will do my best to live up to the Scout Oath and Scout Law, obey all
laws, and hold others in Scouting accountable to those standards. I will
exercise sound judgment and demonstrate good leadership and use the
Scouting program for its intended purpose consistent with the mission
of the Boy Scouts of America.
3. I will make the protection of youth a personal priority. I will complete
and remain current with Youth Protection training requirements. I will
be familiar with and follow:
• BSA Youth Protection policies and guidelines, including mandatory
• The Guide to Safe Scouting: www.scouting.org/health-and-safety/gss
4. When transporting Scouts, I will obey all laws, comply with Youth
Protection guidelines, and follow safe driving practices.
5. I will respect and abide by the Rules and Regulations of the Boy Scouts
of America, BSA policies, and BSA-provided training, including but
not limited to those relating to:
• Unauthorized fundraising activities
• Advocacy on social and political issues, including prohibited use of
the BSA uniform and brand
• Bullying, hazing, harassment, and unlawful discrimination
of any kind
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ISBN 978-0-8395-4416-6
February 2022 Revision
6. I will not discuss or engage in any form of sexual conduct while
engaged in Scouting activities. I will refer Scouts with questions
regarding these topics to talk to their parents or spiritual advisor.
7. I confirm that I have fully disclosed and will disclose in the future any
of the following:
• Any criminal suspicion, charges, or convictions of a crime or offense
involving abuse, violence, sexual misconduct, or any misconduct
involving minors or juveniles
• Any investigation or court order involving domestic violence, child
abuse, or similar matter
• Any criminal charges or convictions for offenses involving
controlled substances, driving while intoxicated, firearms, or
dangerous weapons
8. I will not possess, distribute, transport, consume, or use any of the
following items prohibited by law or in violation of any Scouting rules,
regulations, and policies:
• Alcoholic beverages or controlled substances, including marijuana
• Concealed or unconcealed firearms, fireworks, or explosives
• Pornography or materials containing words or images inconsistent
with Scouting values
9. If I am taking prescription medications with the potential of impairing
my functioning or judgment, I will not engage in activities that would
put Scouts at risk, including driving or operating equipment.
10. I will take steps to prevent or report any violation of this code of
conduct by others in connection with Scouting activities.
The online version of the Guide to Safe Scouting is updated periodically.
v
Preface
All participants in official Scouting activities should become familiar
with the Guide to Safe Scouting and applicable program literature or manuals,
and be aware of state or local government regulations that supersede Boy Scouts
of America practices, policies, and guidelines. The Guide to Safe Scouting is an
overview of Scouting policies and procedures gleaned from a variety of sources.
For some items, the policy statements are complete. Unit leaders are expected to
review the additional reference material cited prior to conducting such activities.
In situations not specifically covered in this guide, activity planners should
evaluate the risk or potential risk of harm, and respond with action plans based
on common sense, community standards, the Scout motto, and safety policies
and practices commonly prescribed for the activity by experienced providers and
practitioners.
Perhaps this quote by Sir Robert Baden-Powell from his 1914 book Quick
Training for War is appropriate to include here: “… The books lay down definite
principles and examples which serve to guide the leaders when applying their
common sense to the situation before them. No two situations are ever precisely the
same, and it is therefore impossible to lay down exact rules that should guide in every
case, but a man who carries precedents and principles in his head has no difficulty in
applying their teaching in supreme moments of sudden emergency …
The online version of the Guide to Safe Scouting is updated periodically.
vi
Guide to Safe Scouting Updates
February 2022
V. Medical Information and First Aid
Immunization policy rollback
The online version of the Guide to Safe Scouting is updated periodically.
v
Contents
I.
Youth Protection
VII. Activity Planning and Risk
and Adult Leadership
1
Assessment
35
Scouting’s Barriers to Abuse
1
Policy Regarding Prohibited
and Unauthorized Activities
35
II.
Aquatics Safety
5
Prohibited Activities
35
Resource Material
5
Activity Planning
Aquatics Leadership
and Risk Assessment
39
Training Programs
5
The SAFE Checklist
40
Responsibilities of
Supervisory Personnel
5
VIII. Sports and Activities
43
Safe Swim Defense
6
Shooting Sports
43
BSA Aquatics Play Structure Policy
10
Caving
43
Classification of
Canyoneering
44
Swimming Ability
10
Climbing and Rappelling
45
Distance Swimming in
COPE Activities
46
Open Water
10
Slacklining
47
Snorkeling in Open Water
11
Knives
48
BSA Scuba Policy
11
Parade Floats and Hayrides
48
Safety Afloat
16
Unit Fundraisers
48
Tow Sports
20
Bicycle Safety
49
III.
Camping
21
Skating Safety
49
Age Guidelines
21
Horsemanship Activities
51
Hazard Trees
22
IX.
Insurance
53
Lightning Risk Reduction
23
Comprehensive General
IV.
Alcohol, Tobacco, and
Liability Insurance
53
Drugs
25
Automobile Liability Insurance
53
V.
Medical Information and
Chartered Organizations
First Aid
27
for Scouting Units
54
Personal Health and the Annual
Accident and Sickness Coverage
54
Health and Medical Record
27
Coverage for Non-Owned Boats
Medication Use in Scouting
29
Used in Scouting Activities
55
Immunizations
30
Prohibited Activities
55
Local Council Membership/
X.
Transportation
57
Participation Guidelines
XI.
Winter Activities
59
Regarding Life-Threatening
Winter Camping Safety
59
Communicable Diseases
30
Winter Sports Safety
60
First Aid and CPR Training
30
XII.
Animal and Insect Hazards
63
Wilderness First Aid
31
Be Aware
63
VI.
Chemical Fuels and Equipment
33
Be Prepared
63
Purpose
33
Resources
64
Definitions
33
XIII. Incident Reporting
65
Storing, Handling, and Using
Chemical Fuels and Equipment
33
XIV. Exploring Program
67
Appendix
69
The online version of the Guide to Safe Scouting is updated periodically.
vii
I.YouthProtectionandAdult Leadership
Scouting’s Barriers to Abuse
The BSA has adopted the following policies for the safety and well-being of its
members. These policies primarily protect youth members; however, they also serve
to protect adult leaders. All parents and caregivers should understand that our leaders
are to abide by these safeguards. Parents and youth are strongly encouraged to use
these safeguards outside the Scouting program. Registered leaders must follow these
guidelines with all Scouting youth outside of Scouting activities.
Registration Requirements
The chartered organization representative, or in their absence the executive
officer of the chartered organization, must approve the registration of the unit’s
adult leaders.
Registration includes:
• Completion of application including criminal background check and
mandatory Youth Protection training
• Volunteer Screening Database check
Current Youth Protection training is required for leaders when renewing their
registration or at unit charter renewal.
Adult program participants must register as adults and follow Youth
Protection policies.
Adult Supervision
Two registered adult leaders 21 years of age or over are required at all Scouting
activities, including meetings. There must be a registered female adult leader
21 years of age or over in every unit serving females. A registered female adult
leader 21 years of age or over must be present for any activity involving female
youth. Notwithstanding the minimum leader requirements, age- and program-
appropriate supervision must always be provided.
All adults accompanying a Scouting unit who are present at the activity for 72 total
hours or more must be registered as leaders. The 72 hours need not be consecutive.
One-on-one contact between adult leaders and youth members is prohibited both
inside and outside of Scouting.
• In situations requiring a personal conference, the meeting is to be conducted
with the knowledge and in view of other adults and/or youth.
• Private online communications (texting, phone calls, chat, IM, etc.) must
include another registered leader or parent.
The online version of the Guide to Safe Scouting is updated periodically.
1
• Communication by way of social media (Facebook, Snapchat, etc.) must
include another registered leader or parent.
Discipline must be constructive.
• Discipline must reflect Scouting’s values.
• Corporal punishment is never permitted.
• Disciplinary activities involving isolation, humiliation, or ridicule are
also prohibited.
Responsibility
Leaders must ensure that all participating in Scouting activities abide by the
Scout Oath and Scout Law.
Adult leaders and youth members share the responsibility for the safety of all
participants in the program, including adherence to Youth Protection and health
and safety policies.
• Adult leaders are responsible for monitoring behavior and intervening
when necessary.
• Physical violence, sexual activity, emotional abuse, spiritual abuse,
unauthorized weapons, hazing, discrimination, harassment, initiation
rites, bullying, cyberbullying, theft, verbal insults, drugs, alcohol, and
pornography have no place in the Scouting program and may result in
revocation of membership.
All leaders are required to adhere to the Scouter Code of Conduct.
Accommodations
Separate accommodations for adult males and females and youth males and
females are required.
Tenting
• Separate tenting arrangements must be provided for male and female adults
as well as for male and female youth.
• Youth sharing tents must be no more than two years apart in age.
• In Cub Scouting, parents and guardians may share a tent with their family.
• In all other programs, youth and adults tent separately.
• Spouses may share tents.
Lodging/Cabin Accommodations
Whenever possible, separate cabins or lodging should be provided for male
and female adults as well as for male and female youth. Where separate
accommodations cannot be provided due to group size or limited availability,
The online version of the Guide to Safe Scouting is updated periodically.
2
modifications may be made. Where completely separate accommodations are not
available, additional supervision is required.
• If adults and youth of the same gender occupy single-room
accommodations, there must be a minimum of two adults and four youth,
with all adults being Youth Protection trained.
• Physical separation by other means, including temporary barriers or space,
should be used only when no other arrangements are possible.
• These modifications are limited to single-gender accommodations.
Restrooms
Separate shower and latrine facilities should be provided for male and female
adults as well as for male and female youth. If separate facilities are not available,
separate times should be scheduled and posted.
Privacy of youth is respected.
• Adults and youth must respect each other’s privacy, especially in situations
such as changing clothes and taking showers at camp.
• Adult leaders should closely monitor these areas but only enter as needed for
youth protection or health and safety reasons.
Program Requirements
The buddy system should be used.
The use of smartphones, cameras, mirrors, drones, etc., in places or
situations where privacy is expected is prohibited.
All aspects of the Scouting program are open to observation by parents and
leaders. The BSA does not recognize any secret organizations as part of its
program.
Hazing and initiations are prohibited and have no part during any Scouting
activity.
All forms of bullying and harassment including verbal, physical, and
cyberbullying are prohibited.
Inappropriate public displays of affection are prohibited.
Sexual activity is prohibited.
Appropriate attire is required for all activities.
Youth Protection and Barriers to Abuse FAQs:
The online version of the Guide to Safe Scouting is updated periodically.
3
Reporting Requirements
Adult leaders and youth members have a responsibility to recognize, respond
to, and report Youth Protection violations and abuse.
Reporting
Youth Protection Policy Violations
• Serious Youth Protection policy violations or behaviors that put a youth’s
safety at risk must be reported to the Scout executive.
• Online reporting is also available at www.scouting.org/health-and-safety/
incident-report/.
Mandatory Reporting of Child Abuse
• All persons participating in Scouting programs are mandated reporters of
child abuse.
• Reports must be made to local law enforcement and child protective
services. State law may require additional reporting.
• This reporting duty cannot be delegated to any other person.
• Reporting to the Scout executive or Scouts First Helpline ensures that
follow-up can occur for the safety of our youth. Scout executives and Scouts
First coordinate follow-up actions.
Scouts First Helpline
• As part of its “Scouts First” approach to the protection and safety of youth,
the BSA has established a dedicated 24-hour helpline to receive reports of
known or suspected abuse or behavior that might put a youth at risk.
1-844-SCOUTS1 (1-844-726-8871)
• If immediate assistance is needed in the handling of a sexual abuse
allegation, contact Scouts First Helpline (1-844-SCOUTS1).
If someone is at immediate risk of harm, always call 911.
BSA Incident Reporting Resources:
Additional Resources:
Youth Protection Training
State-by-state mandatory reporting information: www.childwelfare.gov
The online version of the Guide to Safe Scouting is updated periodically.
4
II. Aquatics Safety
Resource Material
aquatics/forms) is the primary resource for aquatics at the unit level. Aquatics
activities at district and council day and short-term/long-term (overnight,
resident) camps must follow appropriate National Camp Accreditation Program
(NCAP) standards.
Aquatics Leadership Training Programs
Safe Swim Defense and Safety Afloat training programs are available online
at my.scouting.org and may also be offered locally by instructors approved by the
council aquatics committee or other council authority.
Aquatics Supervision: Swimming and Water Rescue and Aquatics
Supervision: Paddle Craft Safety cover skills needed for Safe Swim Defense and
Safety Afloat policies at the unit level. These training courses are provided locally
by qualified instructors who are authorized by the local council.
BSA Lifeguard provides professional-level training for lifeguards at unit
or summer camp swimming activities and is provided locally by qualified
instructors who are authorized by the local council.
BSA Aquatics Instructor prepares adults for leadership roles in year-round
aquatics programs and is recommended for a least one member of the council
aquatics committee. Those with BSA Aquatics Instructor training may serve
as aquatics directors at district and council day camps, short-term/long-term
(overnight) camps. The training is available at National Camping Schools.
Responsibilities of Supervisory Personnel
Safe Swim Defense and Safety Afloat govern BSA swimming and boating
activities. Both specify that the activities are supervised by a mature and
conscientious adult age 21 or older who:
• Understands and knowingly accepts responsibility for the well-being and
safety of youth members in their care
• Is experienced in the particular activity
• Is confident in their ability to respond appropriately in an emergency
• Is trained and committed to the nine points of BSA Safety Afloat and/or the
eight points of Safe Swim Defense.
The online version of the Guide to Safe Scouting is updated periodically.
5
Unit leadership that accompanies the unit on an outing handles the first and last
bullet points above. However, under appropriate circumstances, the unit leader may
delegate responsibility to trained individuals within the unit or to on-site professionals
for the second and third bullet points above. For example, a Scouts BSA troop at a water
park with trained lifeguards on duty need not assign separate unit personnel to perform
water rescue. A Venturing crew on a whitewater excursion may rely on a licensed
outfitter to provide the necessary equipment and trained guides.
Every possible contingency will not be covered with a hard-and-fast rule, and rules
are poor substitutes for experience. Ultimately, each responsible adult leader must
personally decide if they understand the risk factors associated with the activity and is
sufficiently experienced and well-informed to make the rational decisions expected of
a “qualified supervisor.” The BSA training programs listed above help provide the skills,
experience, and guidance for making such a determination.
Safe Swim Defense
BSA groups shall use Safe Swim Defense for all swimming activities. Adult leaders
supervising a swimming activity must have completed Safe Swim Defense training
within the previous two years. Safe Swim Defense standards apply at backyard, hotel,
apartment, and public pools; at established waterfront swim areas such as beaches at state
parks and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers lakes; and at all temporary swimming areas
such as a lake, river, or ocean. Safe Swim Defense does not apply to boating or water
activities such as waterskiing or swamped boat drills that are covered by Safety Afloat
guidelines. Safe Swim Defense applies to other nonswimming activities whenever
participants enter water over knee deep or when submersion is likely, for example, when
fording a stream, seining for bait, or constructing a bridge as a pioneering project.
Snorkeling in open water requires each participant to have demonstrated knowledge and
skills equivalent to those for Snorkeling BSA in addition to following Safe Swim Defense.
Scuba activities must be conducted in accordance with the BSA Scuba policy found in
the Guide to Safe Scouting. Because of concerns with hyperventilation, competitive
underwater swimming events are not permitted in Scouting.
Safe Swim Defense training may be obtained from my.scouting.org, at council
camps, and at other council and district training events. Additional information
on various swimming venues is provided in the Aquatics Supervision guide.
1.Qualified Supervision
All swimming activity must be supervised by a mature and conscientious adult age
21 or older who understands and knowingly accepts responsibility for the well-
being and safety of those in their care, and who is trained in and committed to
compliance with the eight points of BSA Safe Swim Defense. It is strongly
recommended that all units have at least one adult or older youth member
currently trained in BSA Aquatics Supervision: Swimming and Water Rescue or
BSA Lifeguard to assist in planning and conducting all swimming activities.
The online version of the Guide to Safe Scouting is updated periodically.
6
2.Personal Health Review
A complete health history is required of all participants as evidence of fitness
for swimming activities. Forms for minors must be signed by a parent or legal
guardian. Participants should be asked to relate any recent incidents of illness
or injury just prior to the activity. Supervision and protection should be
adjusted to anticipate any potential risks associated with individual health
conditions. For significant health conditions, the adult supervisor should
require an examination by a physician and consult with the parent, guardian,
or caregiver for appropriate precautions.
3.Safe Area
All swimming areas must be carefully inspected and prepared for safety prior
to each activity. Water depth, quality, temperature, movement, and clarity
are important considerations. Hazards must be eliminated or isolated by
conspicuous markings and discussed with participants.
Controlled Access: There must be safe areas for all participating ability
groups to enter and leave the water. Swimming areas of appropriate depth
must be defined for each ability group. The entire area must be within
easy reach of designated rescue personnel. The area must be clear of boat
traffic, surfing, or other nonswimming activities.
Bottom Conditions and Depth: The bottom must be clear of trees and
debris. Abrupt changes in depth are not allowed in the nonswimmer area.
Isolated underwater hazards should be marked with floats. Rescue personnel
must be able to easily reach the bottom. Maximum recommended water
depth in clear water is 12 feet. Maximum water depth in turbid water is 8 feet.
Visibility: Underwater swimming and diving are prohibited in turbid water.
Turbid water exists when a swimmer treading water cannot see their feet.
Swimming at night is allowed only in areas with water clarity and lighting
sufficient for good visibility both above and below the surface.
Diving and Elevated Entry: Diving is permitted only into clear, unobstructed
water from heights no greater than 40 inches. Water depth must be at least 7 feet.
Bottom depth contours below diving boards and elevated surfaces require greater
water depths and must conform to state regulations. Persons should not jump into
water from heights greater than they are tall, and should jump only into water chest
deep or greater with minimal risk from contact with the bottom. No elevated entry
is permitted where the person must clear any obstacle, including land.
Water Temperature: Comfortable water temperature for swimming is near
80 degrees. Activity in water at 70 degrees or less should be of limited
duration and closely monitored for negative effects of chilling.
Water Quality: Bodies of stagnant, foul water, areas with significant algae or
foam, or areas polluted by livestock or waterfowl should be avoided. Comply
with any signs posted by local health authorities. Swimming is not allowed in
swimming pools with green, murky, or cloudy water.
The online version of the Guide to Safe Scouting is updated periodically.
7
Moving Water: Participants should be able to easily regain and maintain
their footing in currents or waves. Areas with large waves, swiftly flowing
currents, or moderate currents that flow toward the open sea or into areas
of danger should be avoided.
Weather: Participants should be moved from the water to a position of safety
whenever lightning or thunder threatens. Wait at least 30 minutes after the
last lightning flash or thunder before leaving shelter. Take precautions to
prevent sunburn, dehydration, and hypothermia.
Life Jacket Use: Swimming in clear water over 12 feet deep, in turbid water
over 8 feet deep, or in flowing water may be allowed if all participants wear
properly fitted, Coast Guard-approved life jackets and the supervisor
determines that swimming with life jackets is safe under the circumstances.
4.Response Personnel (Lifeguards)
Every swimming activity must be closely and continuously monitored by a trained
rescue team on the alert for and ready to respond during emergencies. Professionally
trained lifeguards satisfy this need when provided by a regulated facility or tour
operator. When lifeguards are not provided by others, the adult supervisor must
assign at least two rescue personnel, with additional numbers to maintain a ratio of
one rescuer to every 10 participants. The supervisor must provide instruction and
rescue equipment and assign areas of responsibility as outlined in Aquatics
Supervision. The qualified supervisor, the designated response personnel, and the
lookout work together as a safety team. An emergency action plan should be
formulated and shared with participants as appropriate.
5.Lookout
The lookout continuously monitors the conduct of the swim, identifies any
departures from Safe Swim Defense guidelines, alerts rescue personnel as
needed, and monitors the weather and environment. The lookout should
have a clear view of the entire area but be close enough for easy verbal
communication. The lookout must have a sound understanding of Safe Swim
Defense but is not required to perform rescues. The adult supervisor may
serve simultaneously as the lookout but must assign the task to someone else
if engaged in activities that preclude focused observation.
6.Ability Groups
All youth and adult participants are designated as swimmers, beginners, or
nonswimmers based on swimming ability confirmed by standardized BSA
swim classification tests. Each group is assigned a specific swimming area
with depths consistent with those abilities. The classification tests must be
renewed annually, preferably at the beginning of the season even if the youth
has earned the Swimming merit badge.
Swimmers pass this test: Jump feetfirst into water over the head in depth.
Level off and swim 75 yards in a strong manner using one or more of the
following strokes: sidestroke, breaststroke, trudgen, or crawl; then swim
The online version of the Guide to Safe Scouting is updated periodically.
8
25 yards using an easy resting backstroke. The 100 yards must be completed
in one swim without stops and must include at least one sharp turn. After
completing the swim, rest by floating.
Beginners pass this test: Jump feetfirst into water over the head in depth,
level off, and swim 25 feet on the surface. Stop, turn sharply, resume
swimming, and return to the starting place.
Anyone who has not completed either the beginner or swimmer tests is
classified as a nonswimmer.
The nonswimmer area should be no more than waist to chest deep and should
be enclosed by physical boundaries such as the shore, a pier, or lines. The
enclosed beginner area should contain water of standing depth and may extend
to depths just over the head. The swimmer area may be up to 12 feet in depth
in clear water and should be defined by floats or other markers.
7.Buddy System
Every participant is paired with another. Buddies stay together, monitor each
other, and alert the safety team if either needs assistance or is missing.
Buddies check into and out of the area together. Buddies are normally in the
same ability group and remain in their assigned area. If they are not of the
same ability group, then they swim in the area assigned to the buddy with the
lesser ability.
A buddy check reminds participants of their obligation to monitor their
buddies and indicates how closely the buddies are keeping track of each
other. Roughly every 10 minutes, or as needed to keep the buddies together,
the lookout, or other person designated by the supervisor, gives an audible
signal, such as a single whistle blast, and a call for “Buddies.” Buddies are
expected to raise each other’s hand before completion of a slow, audible count
to 10. Buddies who take longer to find each other should be reminded of
their responsibility for the other’s safety.
Once everyone has a buddy, a count is made by area and compared with the
total number known to be in the water. After the count is confirmed, a signal
is given to resume swimming.
8.Discipline
Rules are effective only when followed. All participants should know,
understand, and respect the rules and procedures for safe swimming provided
by Safe Swim Defense guidelines. Applicable rules should be discussed prior
to the outing and reviewed for all participants at the water’s edge just before
the swimming activity begins. People are more likely to follow directions
when they know the reasons for rules and procedures. Consistent, impartially
applied rules supported by skill and good judgment provide steppingstones
to a safe, enjoyable outing.
The online version of the Guide to Safe Scouting is updated periodically.
9
BSA Aquatics Play Structure Policy
The BSA’s Aquatics Play Structure Policy applies to all play structures operated
in Scouting whether inflatable, floatable, or fixed structures. It includes, but
is not limited to, slides, swings, mats, logs, rockers, and climbing or bouncing
devices. Key components of the policy include: program hazard analysis, location,
operating procedures, installation/construction, participant safety equipment,
safety checks, and emergency action plans. Details on how to implement this policy
can be found at www.scouting.org/outdoor-programs/Aquatics.
Classification of Swimming Ability
The swimmer and beginner classification tests defined in Safe Swim Defense
may be administered at the unit level following procedures specified in Aquatics
Supervision.
Distance Swimming in Open Water
The following policies apply when distance swimming is conducted outside
the confines of a normal Safe Swim Defense area.
The environment for an open-water swim must conform to Safe Swim
Defense guidelines regarding hazards such as submerged trees, currents, and
boat traffic, as well as water quality, depth, and clarity.
Each individual swimmer, or at most a buddy pair, may be accompanied by
a rowboat with two people onboard—one skilled in controlling the boat and
the other trained in basic water rescue—equipped with a reaching device
and flotation aid, continuously watching the swimmers.
Alternatively, a closed circuit may be established where all swimmers are
constantly in reach of safety personnel strategically positioned at fixed
points on anchored boats, the shore, or piers. Each participant swims with
a buddy, and the number and spacing of the swimmers in the water should
not exceed the capacity of the watchers to easily count the swimmers as they
move from one zone to another.
Some competitive swimming events, such as triathlons, also cover long
distances. Long-distance swimming races are not approved for Cub Scouts or
members of Scouts BSA, but Venturers may participate in triathlon training
and competitive events. All swimming activities conducted by Venturing
crews must conform to Safe Swim Defense guidelines. Individual Venturers
may participate in outside triathlon events sanctioned by USA Triathlon.
The online version of the Guide to Safe Scouting is updated periodically.
10
Snorkeling in Open Water
All ability groups may use snorkeling equipment within confined areas
when following all Safe Swim Defense policies, including visibility for
underwater swimming.
Snorkeling is a swimming activity in which one must abide by Safe Swim
Defense policies, but the following additions to Safe Swim Defense apply when
snorkeling is conducted in open water. “Open water” denotes a temporary
swimming area of flexible extent in a natural body of water that may or may not
be close to shore.
Qualified Supervision: In addition to Safe Swim Defense training and the
21-year-old minimum age, the supervisor must be an experienced snorkeler.
At a minimum, the supervisor must possess skills and knowledge matching the
Snorkeling BSA Award and have experience with environments similar to those
of the planned activity.
Participant Ability: All participants in open-water snorkeling must either
complete Snorkeling BSA requirements or be a certified scuba diver. Open-water
is limited to Scouts BSA, Venturing and Sea Scouts.
Equipment: All snorkeling equipment must be properly fitted and in good
repair. Full-face snorkel masks (combinations of a built-in snorkel with
a mask that covers the mouth and nose) are prohibited. Use of individual
flotation devices (inflatable snorkeling vests or life jackets) is required whenever
there is a noticeable current or swells, when the bottom is not visible from the
surface due to vegetation or limited visibility beyond 8 feet, or when the activity
is greater than 50 yards from shore or craft.
A dive flag is required in areas shared by boats. Local regulations specifying the
size of the flag and how far snorkelers may be from it must be followed. Weight
belts may not be worn unless the participant has scuba certification. Dive boats
should be equipped with radios and first-aid kits and should deploy safety lines.
Additional guidance on application of Safe Swim Defense principles to
snorkeling may be found in Aquatics Supervision and Snorkeling Safety
BSA Scuba Policy
The BSA scuba diving policy is applicable to scuba training/certification
courses, and recreational diving activities by BSA members. In addition, council
programs are subject to BSA National Camp Accreditation Program (NCAP).
The BSA recognizes scuba industry standards and implements them by using
outside agencies for training and certification. Introductory scuba experience
programs that are conducted in a swimming pool only must at a minimum meet
the requirements set forth by the instructor’s recognized scuba training agency.
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Training and Supervision
Any diver possessing, displaying, or using scuba (self-contained underwater
breathing apparatus) in connection with any Scouting-related activity must be
either under the direct supervision of a recognized diving instructor or currently
certified by a recognized agency. Any introductory scuba experience program
or training/certification course must be conducted by a recognized diving
instructor.
A recognized professional divemaster or instructor is any currently certified
(renewed) divemaster or instructor in good standing with an agency recognized
by the RSTC (Recreational Scuba Training Council), with professional liability
insurance and is approved by the local BSA council.
Scuba Diving merit badge counselors are not required to be diving
instructors. However, the merit badge requirement for earning an open water
diver certification must be done under the supervision of a recognized diving
instructor.
Recreational diving activities by BSA groups whose members are currently
certified must be directly supervised by a responsible adult currently certified
(renewed) as a divemaster, assistant instructor, or higher rating from a
recognized agency. Dive environments, equipment, depths, procedures,
supervision, and buddy assignments must be consistent with each individual’s
certification.
Because dives by recreational divers may be infrequent, the divemaster or
instructor supervising a BSA scuba activity should screen participants prior
to open-water activities and provide remedial instruction and practice as
appropriate. Such remedial instruction and practice should be in accordance
with the policies and standards of the divemaster’s or instructor’s agency for
Scuba Review, Scuba Refresher, or similar program.
Diving using surface-supplied air systems is not authorized in connection
with any BSA activity or facility except when done under contract by commercial
divers.
Age-Appropriate Restrictions
Youth members registered in Cub Scout programs are not authorized to use
scuba in any activity.
Registered members of Scouts BSA and older BSA youth programs (age 11
and above) may participate in introductory Scuba BSA programs and scuba
certification programs conducted by recognized agencies appropriate to their age
and current level of certification.
Members of BSA programs, based on age, may participate in recreational
group dives as unit, district, or council activities, provided such dives are
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consistent with their certifications and under direct supervision of a responsible
adult currently certified as a divemaster, assistant instructor, or higher rating
from a recognized agency.
Standards of the recognized scuba agencies require students for open-water
certification programs to be at least 15 years of age but allow special certification
programs for younger students. Since all instruction for BSA scuba programs
must be conducted by professionals certified by a recognized agency, additional
agency-specific, age-related restrictions and protocols apply to students under 15
years of age.
The divemaster or instructor supervising a recreational dive by a BSA group
must implement the following policies. Additional restrictions and protocols
from the certifying agency may apply:
• Depths are limited to 40 feet for divers under 12 years of age and to 60 feet
for divers 12 to 14 years of age.
• Additional divemasters or instructors are present to maintain a ratio of one
trained supervisor to four buddy pairs (eight divers) containing one to four
divers under 15 years of age.
• In addition to the divemaster or trained supervisor, each diver under the age
of 15 must have an assigned adult diver who is certified as an open water
diver or higher rating as part of the dive group. It is recommended that
no more than 3 youth under the age of 15 years of age may dive with the
assigned adult diver.
• Note: The 8:1 youth to trained supervisor ratio is a maximum ratio and should
be reduced based upon weather, water conditions including current, surface
conditions and visibility, participants comfort and skill level and the ability of
the divemaster or instructor to control the group.
Medical Contraindications
Each scuba training agency recognized by the BSA requires a specific health
history form be completed prior to enrollment in a certification program (e.g.,
RSTC Diver Medical Participant Questionnaire). The BSA requires review and
approval of the completed form by a physician. Various risk factors identified
on the forms may exclude a person from scuba training, either temporarily or
permanently. Risk factors include, but are not limited to, ear and sinus problems,
recent surgery, spontaneous pneumothorax, asthma or reactive airway disease
(RAD), seizure disorders, diabetes, cardiac disorders, leukemia, sickle-cell
disorder, pregnancy, panic disorders, and active psychosis.
The divemaster or instructor supervising a BSA recreational scuba
activity/introductory scuba experience program must review the annual
health information (i.e., BSA AHMR and RSTC Diver Medical Participant
Questionnaire) and evaluate risk conditions using medical standards consistent
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with those used by their certifying agency and the BSA. Additional tests
or physician consultations may be required to confirm fitness for diving.
Consultation with medical specialists knowledgeable about diving medicine
(Divers Alert Network’s 24-hour hotline) may be needed. If the scuba activity
is conducted as part of a council program, then approval to dive is also subject
to review and confirmation by the camp health officer and/or medical director/
Council Health Supervisor.
The following medical contraindications are based on BSA operational
considerations and may be more conservative than those listed in the “Diving
Medical Guidance to the Physician.
1.
Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes must be well-controlled. Hypoglycemia can lead
to unconsciousness and drowning
Diving as part of an official Scouting activity is prohibited for the following:
a.For persons under age 18 with the diagnosis of diabetes.
b.Persons using insulin to control diabetes.
c.Persons with diabetes, who are non-insulin dependent and who have
had recurrent problems and/or hospitalizations for diabetic problems.
d.Persons with any HbA1c test greater than 7.0 in the previous
12 months.
e.Persons having a documented or suspected hypoglycemic event
requiring treatment or assessment in the previous 12 months.
Diabetes is considered well-controlled when the following are met:
a.The acceptable oral medications for diabetic control are as single agents
only: metformin and metformin analogs; DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin,
vildagliptin, alogliptin, saxagliptin and linagliptin); or SGLT2 inhibitors
and analogies.
b.Persons who control their diabetes with exercise and diet (without the
aid of medication, except metformin) and document HbA1c test value
less than 7.0 in the last 6 months may be approved to scuba dive.
2.
Seizures or Epilepsy. Seizures while snorkeling or scuba diving are
extremely dangerous and often fatal.
• Diving as part of an official Scouting activity is prohibited for participants
with a history of seizures.
• Prospective participants with a history of infant febrile seizures may be
considered for diving after formal consultation with a neurologist.
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3.
Asthma or Reactive Airway Disease.
• Diving as part of an official Scouting activity is prohibited for persons
being treated for asthma or reactive airway disease.
• Persons with a history of asthma who have been asymptomatic and have
not used medications to control asthma for five years or more may be
allowed to scuba dive if resolution of asthma is specifically confirmed
by their physician and includes provocative pulmonary function testing.
Provocative testing can include exercise, hypertonic saline, a hyperpnea
test, etc.
4.
Psychological and Emotional Difficulties (ADD, ADHD, anxiety, and
depression). Any condition should be well-controlled. Many medications are
not compatible with scuba diving.
• Diving as part of an official Scouting activity is prohibited for the following:
a.Participants taking more than one medication for any of these conditions.
b.Participants with anxiety disorder requiring any medication.
5.
Severe Risk Factors. Diving as part of an official scouting activity is
prohibited for persons with conditions listed as “severe” by the Undersea &
Hyperbaric Medical Society (UHMS). See: UHMS Diving Medical Guidance
to the Physician (2020).
Youth, parents, dive supervisors, and physicians with questions or concerns
about diving with specific medical conditions should consult the UHMS Diving
Medical Guidance to the Physician, Recreational Scuba Training Council (RSTC)
and the Divers Alert Network (DAN). DAN medical professionals are available
for non-emergency consultation by telephone at 919-684-2948 during business
hours or via email.
Recognized Agencies
Recognized agencies are:
• PADI: Professional Association of Diving Instructors
• NAUI: National Association of Underwater Instructors
• SSI: Scuba Schools International
• IDEA: International Diving Educators Association
• PDIC: Professional Diving Instructors Corporation
• SDI/TDI: Scuba Diving International
• YMCA Scuba Program (discontinued in 2008, but certification cards are
still recognized)
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• NASDS: National Association of Scuba Diving Schools (merged with SSI,
but certification cards are still recognized)
• IANTD: International Association of Nitrox and Technical Divers
• RAID: Rebreather Association of International Divers
• SNSI: Scuba and Nitrox Safety International
• NASE: National Academy of Scuba Educators
• In addition to the agencies listed by name, any current member of the World
Recreational Scuba Training Council (WRSTC), which includes all RSTC
members, is also recognized.
Safety Afloat
BSA groups shall use Safety Afloat for all boating activities. Adult leaders
supervising activities afloat must have completed Safety Afloat training within the
previous two years. Cub Scout activities afloat are limited to council, district, pack, or
den events that do not include moving water or float trips (expeditions). Safety Afloat
standards apply to the use of canoes, kayaks, rowboats, rafts, floating tubes, sailboats,
motorboats (including waterskiing), and other small craft, but do not apply to
transportation on large commercial vessels such as ferries and cruise ships. Parasailing
(being towed airborne behind a boat using a parachute), kite-surfing (using a
wakeboard towed by a kite), and unit-level recreational use of personal watercraft
(small sit-on-top motorboats propelled by water jets) are not authorized BSA activities.
Safety Afloat training may be obtained from my.scouting.org, at council camps,
and at other council and district training events. Additional guidance on appropriate
skill levels and training resources is provided in Aquatics Supervision.
1.Qualified Supervision
All activity afloat must be supervised by a mature and conscientious adult
age 21 or older who understands and knowingly accepts responsibility for
the well-being and safety of those in their care and who is trained in and
committed to compliance with the nine points of BSA Safety Afloat. That
supervisor must be skilled in the safe operation of the craft for the specific
activity, knowledgeable in accident prevention, and prepared for emergency
situations. If the adult with Safety Afloat training lacks the necessary boat
operating and safety skills, then they may serve as the supervisor only if
assisted by other adults, camp staff personnel, or professional tour guides
who have the appropriate skills. Additional leadership is provided in ratios
of one trained adult, staff member, or guide per 10 participants. For Cub
Scouts, the leadership ratio is one trained adult, staff member, or guide per
five participants. At least one leader must be trained in first aid including
CPR. Any swimming done in conjunction with the activity afloat must
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be supervised in accordance with BSA Safe Swim Defense standards. It is
strongly recommended that all units have at least one adult or older youth
member currently trained in BSA Aquatics Supervision: Paddle Craft Safety
to assist in the planning and conduct of all activities afloat.
2.Personal Health Review
A complete health history is required of all participants as evidence of fitness
for boating activities. Forms for minors must be signed by a parent or legal
guardian. Participants should be asked to relate any recent incidents of illness
or injury just prior to the activity. Supervision and protection should be
adjusted to anticipate any potential risks associated with individual health
conditions. For significant health conditions, the adult supervisor should
require an examination by a physician and consult with parent, guardian, or
caregiver for appropriate precautions.
3.Swimming Ability
Operation of any boat on a float trip is limited to youth and adults who have
completed the BSA swimmer classification test. Swimmers must complete the
following test, which must be administered annually.
Jump feetfirst into water over the head in depth. Level off and swim 75 yards
in a strong manner using one or more of the following strokes: sidestroke,
breaststroke, trudgen, or crawl; then swim 25 yards using an easy, resting
backstroke. The 100 yards must be completed in one swim without stops and
must include at least one sharp turn. After completing the swim, rest by floating.
For activity afloat, those not classified as a swimmer are limited to
multiperson craft during outings or float trips on calm water with little
likelihood of capsizing or falling overboard. They may operate a fixed-seat
rowboat or pedal boat accompanied by a buddy who is a swimmer. They may
paddle or ride in a canoe or other paddle craft with an adult swimmer skilled
in that craft as a buddy. They may ride as part of a group on a motorboat or
sailboat operated by a skilled adult.
4.Life Jackets
Properly fitted life jackets with U.S. Coast Guard approval for the activity
must be worn by all persons while boating. Check the life-jacket label for
performance, turning ability, and warnings. Some life jackets are NOT
approved for water skiing, wakeboarding, tubing, personal watercraft, or
whitewater paddling.
For vessels over 20 feet in length, life jackets need not be worn when
participants are below deck or on deck when the qualified supervisor aboard
the vessel determines that it is prudent to abide by less-restrictive state and
federal regulations concerning the use and storage of life jackets, for example,
when a cruising vessel with safety rails is at anchor. All participants not
classified as swimmers must wear a life jacket when on deck underway.
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Life jackets need not be worn when an activity falls under Safe Swim Defense
guidelines—for example, when an inflated raft is used in a pool or when
snorkeling from an anchored craft.
5.Buddy System
All participants in an activity afloat are paired as buddies who are always
aware of each other’s situation and prepared to sound an alarm and lend
assistance immediately when needed. When several craft are used on a float
trip, each boat on the water should have a “buddy boat.” All buddy pairs must
be accounted for at regular intervals during the activity and checked off the
water by the qualified supervisor at the conclusion of the activity. Buddies
either ride in the same boat or stay near each other in single-person craft.
6.Skill Proficiency
Everyone in an activity afloat must have sufficient knowledge and skill to
participate safely. Passengers should know how their movement affects
boat stability and have a basic understanding of self-rescue. Boat operators
must meet government requirements, be able to maintain control of
their craft, know how changes in the environment influence that
control, and undertake activities only that are within their personal and
group capabilities.
Content of training exercises should be appropriate for the age, size, and
experience of the participants, and should cover basic skills on calm water of
limited extent before proceeding to advanced skills involving current, waves,
high winds, or extended distance. At a minimum, instructors for canoes and
kayaks should be able to demonstrate the handling and rescue skills required
for BSA Aquatics Supervision: Paddle Craft Safety. All instructors must have
at least one assistant who can recognize and respond appropriately if the
instructor’s safety is compromised.
Anyone engaged in recreational boating using human-powered craft on
flatwater ponds or controlled lake areas free of conflicting activities should be
instructed in basic safety procedures prior to launch, and allowed to
proceed after they have demonstrated the ability to control the boat
adequately to return to shore at will.
For recreational sailing, at least one person aboard should be able to
demonstrate basic sailing proficiency (tacking, reaching, and running)
sufficient to return the boat to the launch point. Extended cruising on a large
sailboat requires either a professional captain or an adult with sufficient
experience to qualify as a bareboat skipper.
Motorboats may be operated by youth, subject to state requirements, only
when accompanied in the boat by an experienced leader or camp staff
member who meets state requirements for motorboat operation. Extended
cruising on a large power boat requires either a professional captain or an
adult with similar qualifications.
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Before a unit using human-powered craft controlled by youth embarks on a
float trip or excursion that covers an extended distance or lasts longer than
four hours, each participant should either receive a minimum of three hours
training and supervised practice or demonstrate proficiency in maneuvering
the craft effectively over a 100-yard course and recovering from a capsize.
Self-guided unit trips on Class III whitewater may only be done after all
participants have received American Canoe Association or equivalent training
for the class of water and type of craft involved. Unit trips on whitewater
sections of rivers rated Class IV are only allowed in rafts with a professionally
trained guide in each raft. Trips above Class IV are not allowed.
7.Planning
Proper planning is necessary to ensure a safe, enjoyable exercise afloat. All
plans should include a scheduled itinerary, notification of appropriate parties,
communication arrangements, contingencies in case of foul weather or
equipment failure, and emergency response options.
Preparation. Any boating activity requires access to the proper equipment
and transportation of gear and participants to the site. Determine what state
and local regulations are applicable. Get permission to use or cross private
property. Determine whether personal resources will be used or whether
outfitters will supply equipment, food, and shuttle services. Lists of group
and personal equipment and supplies must be compiled and checked. Even
short trips require selecting a route, checking water levels, and determining
alternative pull-out locations. Changes in water level, especially on moving
water, may pose significant, variable safety concerns. Obtain current charts
and information about the waterway and consult those who have traveled the
route recently.
Float Plan. Complete the preparation by writing a detailed itinerary, or
float plan, noting put-in and pull-out locations and waypoints, along with
the approximate time the group should arrive at each. Travel time should be
estimated generously.
Notification. File the float plan with parents, the local council office if traveling
on running water, and local authorities if appropriate. Assign a member of the
unit committee to alert authorities if prearranged check-ins are overdue. Make
sure everyone is promptly notified when the trip is concluded.
Weather. Check the weather forecast just before setting out, and keep an
alert weather eye. Anticipate changes and bring all craft ashore when rough
weather threatens. Wait at least 30 minutes before resuming activities after
the last incidence of thunder or lightning.
Contingencies. Planning must identify possible emergencies and other
circumstances that could force a change of plans. Develop alternative
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plans for each situation. Identify local emergency resources such as EMS
systems, sheriff ’s departments, or ranger stations. Check your primary
communication system, and identify backups, such as the nearest residence
to a campsite. Cell phones and radios may lose coverage, run out of power, or
suffer water damage.
8.Equipment
All craft must be suitable for the activity, be seaworthy, and float if capsized.
All craft and equipment must meet regulatory standards, be properly sized,
and be in good repair. Spares, repair materials, and emergency gear must
be carried as appropriate. Life jackets and paddles must be sized to the
participants. Properly designed and fitted helmets must be worn when
running rapids rated Class II and above. Emergency equipment such as
throw bags, signal devices, flashlights, heat sources, first-aid kits, radios,
and maps must be ready for use. Spare equipment, repair materials, extra
food and water, and dry clothes should be appropriate for the activity. All
gear should be stowed to prevent loss and water damage. For float trips with
multiple craft, the number of craft should be sufficient to carry the party if a
boat is disabled, and critical supplies should be divided among the craft.
9.Discipline
Rules are effective only when followed. All participants should know,
understand, and respect the rules and procedures for safe boating activities
provided by Safety Afloat guidelines. Applicable rules should be discussed
prior to the outing and reviewed for all participants near the boarding
area just before the activity afloat begins. People are more likely to follow
directions when they know the reasons for rules and procedures. Consistent,
impartially applied rules supported by skill and good judgment provide
steppingstones to a safe, enjoyable outing.
Tow Sports
All participants in towed activity afloat (waterskiing, wakeboarding,
kneeboarding, tubing, etc.) must have successfully completed the BSA swimmer
classification test and must wear a life jacket that has U.S. Coast Guard approval
for the activity. Supervision must include both a skilled boat driver currently
trained in Safety Afloat and a separate observer. Participants should observe the
Water-Skiers Safety Code and the Boat Drivers Safety Code found in Aquatics
Supervision. Use only floats specifically designed for towing that provide secure
handholds for each rider.
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III. Camping
The Boy Scouts of America has established the following guidelines for a safe
and quality camping experience. Fundamental guiding principles for camping:
Supervision of camping activities must include qualified, registered, adult
leadership.
At a minimum, one leader present is current in Hazardous Weather
Training for all unit types. It is recommended that all leaders complete
this training every two years.
Additionally, at a minimum, Cub Scout Packs and Webelos / Arrow of
Light Dens who camp overnight must have a BALOO trained leader
present. It is recommended for all Cub Scout leaders.
Local council approval is needed for unit-coordinated overnight camping
activities involving other units not chartered by the same organization. Units
that wish to host events involving other units that do not share the same
charter partner must have approval from their council. This includes events
for packs, troops, crews, and ships from the same council; neighboring
councils; the same territory; or other territory.
Activities must be age- and skill-appropriate for all participants.
Youth who are not registered in the unit may not accompany parents or
siblings in camping programs of Scouts BSA, Venturing, and Sea Scouting.
For council coordinated overnight camping, NCAP standards for short- or
long-term camps must be met as minimum safety and quality standards.
By design, added program-centric requirements and limitations to camping are
also present. Those are introduced in training modules required of unit leaders and
specified in other sections of the Guide to Safe Scouting.
Additional Guidelines Specifically
for Cub Scout Unit-Coordinated Camping
Cub Scout camping is limited to their council’s designated locations with
appropriate facilities.
Councils use Pack Overnight Campout Site Appraisal Form
PackOvernightForm_Fillable.pdf) to review and designate locations.
Units can request from their council a site appraisal but cannot
do their own appraisal.
Cub Scout camping is a family-centric program.
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Cub Scout youth may tent with a parent or guardian as outlined in Scouting’s
Barriers to Abuse.
Cub Scout youth should attend the camping event with their parent(s)/
guardian(s).
Lions and Tigers must have their adult partner present to take part.
For all other ranks: only in exceptional circumstances, a Cub Scout
whose parent or legal guardian cannot attend a unit overnight camping
trip may participate under the supervision of another registered adult
member of the BSA, a parent of a Cub Scout who is also attending. The
unit leader and a parent or legal guardian must agree to the
arrangement, and all Youth Protection policies apply. At no time may
another adult accept responsibility for more than one additional “non
family member” youth.
Webelos and Arrow of Light Den Camping: Each Scout should attend
with their parent(s) or guardian(s). A Webelos or Arrow of Light Scout
whose parent or legal guardian cannot attend a den overnight camping
trip may participate under the supervision of at least two registered
leaders. The leaders and a parent or legal guardian must agree to the
arrangement, and all Youth Protection policies apply.
Hazard Trees
Hazard trees are dead trees, live trees with dead parts, and live trees that are
unstable due to defects and are within striking distance of people or property.
Here are some tips to prevent a hazard tree from affecting your event:
Assess your site. Look up, look down, and look all around when parking a
vehicle, hiking on the trail or selecting a campsite.
Avoid campsites with hazard trees. Dead trees and dead limbs may fall at any
time. Trees without needles, bark, or limbs may indicate structural defects.
If a campsite has hazard trees but must be used, be sure that all tents, chairs,
hammocks, and work areas are outside the trees’ failure zone or fall radius.
The fall radius on flat ground is 1½ times the height of the tree or tree part
that could fail. Sloping ground could increase the danger zone.
Don’t use dead trees, hazard trees, or other unstable objects to support tents,
canopies, or hammocks.
Check the environment constantly for changes, including the weather, as
storms can increase the likelihood of trees or parts of trees falling.
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Lightning Risk Reduction
In many parts of the country, Scouting activities in the outdoors will be at risk
to thunderstorms and lightning strike potential. In a thunderstorm, there is no
risk-free location outside.
First, to be prepared for your outdoor adventure, it is important to know the
weather patterns of the area. Weather patterns on the Florida coast differ greatly
from the mountains of New Mexico and the lakes of Minnesota or the rivers of
West Virginia. In addition to patterns, monitor current weather forecasts and
conditions of the area you plan to visit to modify your plans if needed.
The National Weather Service recommends that when the “Thunder Roars,
Go Indoors! The only completely safe action is to get inside a safe building
or vehicle.” When a safe building or vehicle is nearby, the best risk-reduction
technique is to get to it as soon as possible. Move quickly when you:
• First hear thunder,
• See lightning, or
• Observe dark, threatening clouds developing overhead.
Stay inside until 30 minutes after you hear the last rumble of thunder before
resuming outdoor activities.
Shelter—two forms:
Safe Building—one that is fully enclosed with a roof, walls, and floor, and
has plumbing or wiring. Examples of safe buildings include a home, school,
church, hotel, office building, or shopping center.
Safe Vehicle—any fully enclosed, metal-topped vehicle such as a hard-
topped car, minivan, bus, truck, etc. If you drive into a thunderstorm, slow
down and use extra caution. If possible, pull off the road into a safe area. Do
NOT leave the vehicle during a thunderstorm.
Risk Reduction (when no safe building or vehicle is nearby):
• If camping, hiking, etc., far from a safe vehicle or building, avoid open fields,
the top of a hill, or a ridge top.
• Spread your group out 100 feet from each other if possible.
• Stay away from tall, isolated trees; flag poles; totem poles; or other tall
objects. If you are in a forest, stay near a lower stand of trees.
• If you are camping in an open area, set up camp in a valley, ravine, or
other low area, but avoid flood-prone areas. Remember, a tent offers NO
protection from lighting.
• Stay away from water, wet items (such as ropes), and metal objects (such as
fences and poles). Water and metal are excellent conductors of electricity.
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• If boating and you cannot get back to land to a safe building or vehicle:
On a small boat, drop anchor and get as low as possible. Large boats
with cabins, especially those with lightning protection systems properly
installed, or metal marine vessels offer a safer but not risk-free environment.
Remember to stay inside the cabin and away from any metal surfaces.
If lightning strikes, be prepared to administer CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation)
so that you can tend to lightning victims quickly (they do not hold an electrical
charge). Take anyone who is a victim of a lightning strike or near-strike to the nearest
medical facility as soon as possible, even if the person appears to be unharmed.
For additional information on lightning and weather services, visit
www.noaa.gov.
IV. Alcohol, Tobacco,
and Drugs
An important way adult leaders can model healthy living is by following the
policies on alcohol, tobacco, and drugs. Leaders should support the attitude
that they, as well as youths, are better off without tobacco in any form and
may not allow the use of tobacco products at any BSA activity involving youth
participants. This includes the use of electronic cigarettes, personal vaporizers,
or electronic nicotine delivery systems that simulate tobacco smoking.
All Scouting functions, meetings, and activities should be conducted on a
smoke-free basis, with smoking areas located away from all participants.
As outlined in the Scouter Code of Conduct, Scouting activities are not a
place to possess, distribute, transport, consume, or use any of the following items
prohibited by law or in violation of any Scouting rules, regulations, and policies:
alcoholic beverages or controlled substances, including marijuana.
In addition, the Code of Conduct specifies that if you are taking prescription
medications with the potential of impairing any functioning or judgment, you
will not engage in activities that would put youth at risk, including driving or
operating equipment.
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V. Medical Information and First Aid
Personal Health and the
Annual Health and Medical Record
Find the current Annual Health and Medical Record (AHMR) at www.scouting.
org/health-and-safety/ahmr.
The Scouting adventure, camping trips, high-adventure excursions, and having
fun are important to everyone in Scouting—and so are your safety and well-being.
Completing the Annual Health and Medical Record is the first step in making sure
you have a great Scouting experience. So what do you need?
All Scouting Events
All participants in all Scouting activities complete Part A and Part B. Give the
completed forms to your unit leader. This applies to all activities, day camps, local
tours, and weekend camping trips less than 72 hours. Update at least annually.
Part A is an informed consent, release agreement, and authorization that
needs to be signed by every participant (or a parent and/or legal guardian for all
youth under 18).
Part B is general information and a health history.
Going to Camp?
A pre-participation physical is needed for long-term camps or for a Scouting
event of more than 72 hours, such as Wood Badge and NYLT. The exam needs to
be completed by a certified and licensed physician (MD, DO), nurse practitioner,
or physician assistant. If your camp has provided you with any supplemental risk
information, or if your plans include attending one of the four national high-
adventure bases, share the venue’s risk advisory with your medical provider when
you are having your physical exam.
Part C is your pre-participation physical certification.
Planning a High-Adventure Trip?
Each of the four national high-adventure bases has provided a supplemental
risk advisory that explains in greater detail some of the risks inherent in that
program. All high-adventure participants must read and share this information
with their medical providers during their pre-participation physicals. Additional
information regarding high-adventure activities may be obtained directly from
the venue or your local council.
The online version of the Guide to Safe Scouting is updated periodically.
27
Prescription Medication
Taking prescription medication is the responsibility of the individual taking
the medication and/or that individual’s parent or guardian. A leader, after
obtaining all the necessary information, can agree to accept the responsibility
of making sure a youth takes the necessary medication at the appropriate time,
but the BSA does not mandate or necessarily encourage the leader to do so.
Standards and policies regarding administration of medication may be in place
at BSA camps. If state laws are more limiting than camp policies, they must
be followed. The AHMR also allows for a parent or guardian to authorize the
administration of nonprescription medication to a youth by a camp health officer
or unit leader, including any noted exceptions.
Risk Factors
Scouting activities can be physically and mentally demanding. Listed below
are some of the risk factors that have been known to become issues during
outdoor adventures.
• Excessive body
• Diabetes mellitus
• Musculoskeletal
weight (obesity)
injuries
• Seizures
• Cardiac or
• Psychological and
• Asthma
cardiovascular disease
emotional difficulties
• Sleep apnea
• Hypertension
(high blood pressure)
• Allergies or anaphylaxis
More in-depth information about risk factors can be found at
www.scouting.org/health-and-safety/risk-factors.
Questions?
Q. Why does the BSA require all participants to have an Annual Health
and Medical Record?
A. The AHMR serves many purposes. Completing a health history promotes
health awareness, collects necessary data, and provides medical professionals
critical information needed to treat a patient in the event of an illness or injury. It
also provides emergency contact information.
Poor health and/or lack of awareness of risk factors have led to disabling
injuries, illnesses, and even fatalities. Because we care about our participants’
health and safety, the Boy Scouts of America has produced and required the use
of standardized health and medical information since at least the 1930s.
The medical record is used to prepare for high-adventure activities and
increased physical activity. In some cases, it is used to review participants’ readiness
for gatherings like the national Scout jamboree and other specialized activities.
The online version of the Guide to Safe Scouting is updated periodically.
28
Because many states regulate the camping industry, this Annual Health and
Medical Record also serves as a tool that enables councils to operate day and
resident camps and adhere to state and BSA requirements. The Boy Scouts of
America Annual Health and Medical Record provides a standardized mechanism
that can be used by members in all 50 states.
For answers to more questions, visit the FAQ page at www.scouting.org/
health-and-safety/ahmr/medical-formfaqs/.
Medication Use in Scouting
With an increasing number of youth taking prescription medication, leaders
need some basic tools and guidance to help them Be Prepared to support youth in
the safe use of their medication. The BSA understands that a leader, regardless of
how diligent they may be, may not know or understand every health-related issue
of the youth members in their unit. Remember that the taking of prescription
medication is the responsibility of the individual taking the medication or that
individual’s parent or guardian.
Good planning, preparedness, and having some knowledge about handling
a youth member’s medication is essential in keeping youth safe and healthy.
The Medication Use in Scouting guidance is one of those tools, along with the
individual’s Annual Health and Medical Record.
This tool is primarily used for outings when medication is or may be needed
when a parent or guardian is not present. We encourage you to review the
guidance periodically—it has eight basic elements:
• Annual Health and Medical Record
• Plan
• Supervision of medication administration
• Labeling
• Storage
• Emergency medication
• Nonprescription (OTC) medications
• Accountability
The online version of the Guide to Safe Scouting is updated periodically.
29
Immunizations
The Boy Scouts of America encourages all members of the Scouting
community to use available vaccines to fully protect themselves from infectious
diseases that are dangerous for children and adults living in the United States.
Participants who are not immunized are subject to identification so that they
may be located in case of a necessity for isolation or quarantine as required by
local public health official directives. Based on risk, a valid (within last 10 years)
tetanus immunization is required to participate. State or local requirements for
resident camping may be more restrictive.
Immunization FAQ:
Local Council Membership/Participation
Guidelines Regarding Life-Threatening
Communicable Diseases
The BSA policy regarding communicable diseases (acute or chronic) is as follows:
Local Scouting units and their chartered organizations traditionally determine
their own membership and participation, absent any legal constraints. Accordingly,
units and chartered organizations allow youth or adult members who have, or
are suspected of having, a communicable disease to continue to participate in
Scouting activities.
The chartered organization and/or a local Scouting unit may request local
council assistance if needed, absent any legal restraints. (See Local Council
Membership/Participation Guidelines Regarding Communicable Diseases,
filestore.scouting.org/filestore/healthsafety/pdf/communicable_diseases.pdf.)
First Aid and CPR Training
First aid is the first help given to someone who has had an accident or other
health emergency. If more attention is needed, first-aid treatment helps keep an
injured or ill person as safe as possible until medical personnel arrive. Wilderness
first aid (WFA) is the assessment of and treatment given to an ill or injured
person in a remote environment when a physician and/or rapid transport are not
readily available.
First aid and WFA are important to participants in BSA programs. The BSA
strongly recommends that participants avail themselves of CPR with automatic
external defibrillator (AED) training, along with first-aid and wilderness first-aid
training. For certain program participation, there may be requirements for first
aid, wilderness first aid, and CPR/AED. There are no unit-centric requirements
at this time.
The online version of the Guide to Safe Scouting is updated periodically.
30
First aid, WFA, CPR/AED must be taught by instructors currently trained
by a nationally certified provider such as the American Red Cross, American
Heart Association, Emergency Care and Safety Institute, or American Safety and
Health Institute. Cub Scouts can even be taught this valuable skill in a family-
type setting. Online-only courses are not accepted if a certification is required.
The BSA will accept nationally recognized blended courses—such as from the
American Heart Association, American Red Cross, Emergency Care and Safety
Institute—where competency can be demonstrated to an instructor.
Further information and advancement in first aid may include wilderness first
responder (WFR) and wilderness emergency medical technician (WEMT).
For more information, see the Scouts BSA handbooks and the First Aid merit
badge pamphlet.
Wilderness First Aid (WFA)
wilderness-fa), the next step up from basic first aid, focuses on teaching
assessment skills and using available resources when professional responders
might be hours or even days away. A BSA-led task force has developed a specific
BSA WFA curriculum and doctrine. WFA certification courses must adhere
to BSA requirements and include both didactic and hands-on scenario-based
practice academic text.
Two members of each crew participating in a trek at Philmont Scout Ranch
or one crew member at all other high-adventure bases operated by the BSA are
required to have this certification. It is also recommended that troops or Venturing
crews participating in any other high adventures, whether through a council or on
their own, receive this training. Also, having more people on a high-adventure trek
trained in WFA is always beneficial if an emergency does occur.
Being at least 14 years old and completing a CPR and AED certification
course led by a nationally recognized provider are the only prerequisites for
the 16-hour course. Providers of WFA credentialing meeting BSA’s WFA
requirements include the American Red Cross, Emergency Care & Safety
Institute, and those accredited by the American Camp Association.
The online version of the Guide to Safe Scouting is updated periodically.
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