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EUROPEAN UNION AGENCY FOR ASYLUM
1362 European Commission. (2022, December 19). Questions and Answers - Trends, challenges and revision of the
1363 European Commission. (2022, December 19). Trafficking in human beings: Commission proposes stronger rules
1364 European Commission. (2022, July 8). Joint press release: European Commission and Morocco launch renewed
partnership on migration and tackling human smuggling networks.
1365 Groups of Experts on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings. (2022, February 18). Evaluation Report
France: Third evaluation round. Access to justice and effective remedies for victims of trafficking in human beings.
1366 Council of Europe, Action against Trafficking in Human Beings. (2022, October 4). GRETA publishes its third
report on Luxembourg.
1367 Council of Europe, Action against Trafficking in Human Beings. (2022, September 28). GRETA publishes its third
report on Ireland.
1368 Council of Europe, Action against Trafficking in Human Beings. (2022, February 21). GRETA publishes its third
report on Latvia.
1369 Council of Europe, Action against Trafficking in Human Beings. (2022, June 8). GRETA publishes its third report
on Norway.
1370 Council of Europe, Action against Trafficking in Human Beings. (2022, June 13). GRETA publishes its third report
on Portugal.
1371 Council of Europe, Action against Trafficking in Human Beings (2022, October 20). GRETA publishes its third
report on Belgium.
1372 European Migration Network. (March 2022). Third-country national victims of trafficking in human beings:
1373 Instruction N° DGCS/SDFE/DGEF/DIMM/2022/7 2022 du 13 avril 2022 relative à l’ouverture des droits dans le
cadre du parcours de sortie de la prostitution et d’insertion sociale et professionnelle [Instruction N°
DGCS/SDFE/DGEF/DIMM/2022/7 of 13 April 2022 on the opening of rights in the context of the exit from
prostitution and social and occupational integration pathway], April 13, 2022.
1374 Hotărâre nr. 88 din 31 ianuarie 2023 pentru aprobarea Mecanismului național de identificare și referire a
victimelor traficului de personae [Decision no. 88 of 31 January 2023 for the approval of a national mechanism to
identify and refer victims of human trafficking], January 31, 2023.
1375 Ministry of the Interior | Ministero dell'interno. (2022, October 19). Piano nazionale d’azione contro la tratta e il
grave sfruttamento 2022-2025 [National action plan against trafficking and severe exploitation 2022-2025].
1376 Department of Justice | An Roinn Dlí agus Cirt. (2022, July 30). Minister McEntee welcomes new legislation as
she marks World Day against Trafficking in Persons. https://www.gov.ie/en/press-release/8535d-minister-mcentee-
welcomes-new-legislation-as-she-marks-world-day-against-trafficking-in-persons/ Department of Justice | An Roinn
Dlí agus Cirt. (2022, October 18). Minister McEntee marks EU Anti-Trafficking Day by emphasising importance of
awareness. https://www.gov.ie/en/press-release/01b52-minister-mcentee-marks-eu-anti-trafficking-day-by-
emphasising-importance-of-awareness/
1377 Ministry of the Interior | Sisäministeriö, & Ministry of Social Affairs and Health | sosiaali- ja terveysministeriö.
(2022, December 29). Ihmiskaupan uhreja autetaan rikosprosessin etenemisestä riippumatta [Assistance to be
given to victims of human trafficking irrespective of the progress of criminal proceedings]. https://intermin.fi/-
/ihmiskaupan-uhreja-autetaan-rikosprosessin-etenemisesta-riippumatta?languageId=en_US
1378 Government of Spain | Gobierno de España. (2022, November 29). El Gobierno aborda de manera integral la
lucha contra la trata y explotación de seres humanos [The Government comprehensively addresses the fight
against trafficking and exploitation of human beings].
1379
Ohvriabi seadus [Victim Assistance Act], December 14, 2022.
https://www.riigikogu.ee/tegevus/eelnoud/eelnou/60f3902f-47aa-43c5-b28f-88101027e454/Ohvriabi+seadus
1380 Minister for Home Affairs, Security, Reforms and Equality. (2022). National Strategy and Action Plan Against
Human Trafficking (2024 onwards).
Against-Human-Trafficking-(2024-onwards).aspx
1381 Council of Europe, Action against Trafficking in Human Beings. (2022, December 6). Launch of the Joint Project
on “Supporting Malta in the design and implementation of a new National Anti-Trafficking Strategy”.
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ASYLUM REPORT 2023
1382 Ministry of Equality between Women and Men, Diversity and Equal Opportunities | Ministère de l’Égalité entre
les femmes et les hommes, de la Diversité et de l’Égalité des chances. (2022, October 7). L'identification et la
protection des victimes de traite des êtres humains : guide de formation [Identification and protection of victims of
human trafficking: training guide]. https://www.egalite-femmes-hommes.gouv.fr/lidentification-et-la-protection-des-
victimes-de-traite-des-etres-humains-guide-de-formation?source=7effff0f-0521-4cf9-8987-bd515e6f6cf4
1383 National Prosecutor's Office | Prokuratura Krajowa. (2022). "Handel ludźmi. Praktyczne aspekty prowadzenia
postępowań” - wydanie specjalne czasopisma "Prokuratura i Prawo” [“Human trafficking. Practical aspects of
conducting proceedings” - special issue of the magazine “Prokuratura i Praw”].
wydanie-specjalne-czasopisma-prokuratura-i-prawo
1384 Ministry of Justice | Dómsmálaráðuneytið. (2022, March 15). Þekkir þú vísbendingar um mansal? [Do you know
the signs of human trafficking?]. https://www.stjornarradid.is/efst-a-baugi/frettir/stok-frett/2022/03/15/Thekkir-thu-
visbendingar-um-mansal/
1385 National Referral Mechanism for the Protection of Victims of Human Trafficking | Εθνικός Μηχανισμός
Αναφοράς για την Προστασία θυμάτων εμπορίας ανθρώπων. (2022). 'Εκθεση - πρώτο εξάμηνο 2022 [First
semester 2022 Report].
https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fekka.org.gr%2Fimages%2FKOINONIKON-
PAREMBASEON%2F%25CE%2595%25CE%259C%25CE%2591%2FNEWSLETTERS%2F%25CE%2595%25CE%259
A%25CE%2598%25CE%2595%25CE%25A3%25CE%2595%25CE%2599%25CE%25A3%2F%25CE%2595%25CE%
259A%25CE%2598%25CE%2595%25CE%25A3%25CE%2597_%25CE%2595%25CE%259C%25CE%2591_%25CE
%2591_%25CE%2595%25CE%259E%25CE%2591%25CE%259C%25CE%2597%25CE%259D%25CE%259F_2022
_%25CE%259C%25CE%2595_%25CE%2595%25CE%259Epdf.pdf&data=05%7C01%7C%7C50c2378d01ac4c56c15
508db1f03fb8c%7Cd19e4243f4804af5889971f10798d806%7C0%7C0%7C638137874188837765%7CUnknown%7C
TWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C
%7C&sdata=ouS0rhIAlqgDt3iXFCbC9naxsPlkfeqqsp7qvz0gwiI%3D&reserved=0
1386 Ministry of the Interior | Ministerstvo vnútra Slovenskej. (2022, October 18). Pri príležitosti Európskeho dňa boja
proti obchodovaniu s ľuďmi sme spustili infokampaň na čerpacích staniciach [On the occasion of the European Day
against Human Trafficking, we launched an information campaign at gas stations]. https://www.minv.sk/?tlacove-
spravy&sprava=pri-prilezitosti-europskeho-dna-boja-proti-obchodovaniu-s-ludmi-sme-spustili-infokampan-na-
cerpacich-staniciach
1387 Ministry of the Interior | Ministerstvo vnútra Slovenskej. (2022, June 8). O nástrahách obchodovania s ľuďmi
besedujeme v centrách pre deti a rodiny [We discuss the pitfalls of human trafficking in centers for children and
families]. https://www.minv.sk/?tlacove-spravy&sprava=o-nastrahach-obchodovania-s-ludmi-besedujeme-v-
centrach-pre-deti-a-rodiny
1388 XXII Government of Portugal | XXII Governo de Portugal. (2022, March 17). Projeto para prevenir e monitorizar
as vítimas de exploração sexual foi hoje apresentado [Project to prevent and monitor victims of sexual exploitation
was presented today]. https://www.portugal.gov.pt/pt/gc22/comunicacao/noticia?i=projeto-para-prevenir-e-
monitorizar-as-vitimas-de-exploracao-sexual-foi-hoje-apresentado
1389 Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic | Ministerstvo Vnitra České Republiky. (2022, October 18).
Ministerstvo vnitra si připomíná Evropský den proti obchodování s lidmi novými preventivními projekty [The Ministry
of the Interior commemorates the European Day against Trafficking in Human Beings with new preventive
projects]. https://www.mvcr.cz/clanek/ministerstvo-vnitra-si-pripomina-evropsky-den-proti-obchodovani-s-lidmi-
novymi-preventivnimi-projekty.aspx
1390 German Institute for Human Rights | Deutsches Institut für Menschenrechte. (2022). Über die
Berichterstattungsstelle Menschenhandel [About the Human Trafficking Reporting Unit]. https://www.institut-fuer-
menschenrechte.de/das-institut/abteilungen/berichterstattungsstelle-zu-menschenhandel/ueber-die-
berichterstattungsstelle-zu-menschenhandel
1391 Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, Senior Citizen, Women and Youth | Bundesministerium fuer Familie, Senioren
Frauen und Jugend. (2022, November 18). Bundesregierung verstärkt Kampf gegen Menschenhandel [Federal
government steps up fight against human trafficking]. https://www.bmfsfj.de/bmfsfj/aktuelles/alle-
meldungen/bundesregierung-verstaerkt-kampf-gegen-menschenhandel-205132
1392 Immigration and Naturalisation Service, Ministry of Justice and Security | Immigratie- en Naturalisatiedients,
Ministerie van Justitie en Veiligheid. (2022, July 14). More and more extensive asylum procedures for
unaccompanied minor asylum seekers. https://ind.nl/en/news/more-and-more-extensive-asylum-procedures-for-
unaccompanied-minor-asylum-seekers
1393 Federal agency for the reception of asylum seekers | L’Agence fédérale pour l’accueil des demandeurs d’asile |
Federaal agentschap voor de opvang van asielzoekers. (2022, December 10). Manque de places pour les Mena
[Lack of places for Mena]. https://www.fedasil.be/fr/actualites/accueil-des-demandeurs-dasile/manque-de-places-
pour-les-mena
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EUROPEAN UNION AGENCY FOR ASYLUM
1394 Lietuvos Respublikos įstatymo „Dėl užsieniečių teisinės padėties“ Nr. IX-2206 32, 64, 68 ir 108 straipsnių
pakeitimo ir Įstatymo X-2 skyriaus papildymo ketvirtuoju skirsniu įstatymas [Law of the Republic of Lithuania "On the
Legal Status of Foreigners" No. IX-2206 Law amending Articles 32, 64, 68 and 108 and adding a fourth section to
Chapter X-2 of the Law], March 17, 2022. https://www.e-
tar.lt/portal/lt/legalAct/a823a930a9ef11ec8d9390588bf2de65
1395 Nariadenie Vlády 93/2022 Z. z. o niektorých opatreniach v oblasti sociálnych vecí, rodiny a služieb
zamestnanosti v čase mimoriadnej situácie, núdzového stavu alebo výnimočného stavu vyhláseného v súvislosti s
hromadným prílevom cudzincov na územie Slovenskej republiky spôsobeným ozbrojeným konfliktom na území
Ukrajiny [Government Regulation 93/2022 Coll. on certain measures in the field of social affairs, family and
employment services in times of emergency, state of emergency or state of emergency declared in connection with
mass influx of foreigners to the territory of the Slovak Republic caused by armed conflict in the territory of Ukraine],
March 23, 2022. https://www.slov-lex.sk/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2022/93/20220330
1396 Association for Juridical Studies on Immigration | Associazione per gli Studi Giuridici sull'Immigrazione. (2022,
April 20). Minori dall’Ucraina: obbligo di rispettare la Convenzione dell’Aja e di non separare gli stessi
dall’affidataria [Minors from Ukraine: obligation to respect the Hague Convention and not to separate them from
1397 Act No. XV of 2022 to amend the Immigration Act, Cap. 217 (2023). https://legislation.mt/eli/act/2022/15/eng
1398 European Union Agency for Asylum. (2022). Asylum Report 2022. https://euaa.europa.eu/asylum-report-2022
1399 Aditus foundation. (June 2022). Technical comments on Bill No. 2 of 2022.
1400 Press and Information Office of the Republic of Cyprus | Γραφείο Τύπου και Πληροφοριών της Κυπριακής
Δημοκρατίας. (2022, June 5). Πρόσκληση εκδήλωσης ενδιαφέροντος για αγορά υπηρεσιών από άτομα που θα
δρουν ως Φροντιστές και άτομα επαγγελματίες για ανάθεση καθηκόντων Κηδεμόνα/Συντονιστή ασυνόδευτων
ανήλικων [Invitation for expressions of interest to purchase services from people who will act as Caregivers and
professional people for assigning the duties of Guardian/Coordinator of unaccompanied minors].
CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1-%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%BF.html?id=26682#flat
1401 United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child. (2022, June 28). Concluding observations on the
combined fourth to sixth periodic reports of Greece [CRC/C/GRC/CO/4-6].
5CE737138E51
1402 Alexandra Cooper, Helen Voskanyan, Emilia Vasileva, Dilyana Stoyanova. Ролята на представителя в
процедурите за предоставяне на закрила при непридружени деца [The role of the representative in
procedures for granting protection to unaccompanied children]. https://farbg.eu/bg/publications/rolyata-na-
predstavitelya-v-procedurite-za-predostavyane-na-zakrila-pri-nepridruzheni#_ftn9
1403 Council of Ministers of the Republic of Bulgaria | Министрски Съвет На Република България. (2022, January
18). Национално бюро за правна помощ [National Legal Aid Bureau].
1404 Nidos Foundation. (February 2022). Input to the Asylum Report 2023.
1405 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. (2022, October 5). UNHCR, UNICEF und IOM: Dringender
Handlungsbedarf für Obsorge ab Tag 1 [UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM: urgent action needed for custody from day 1].
1406 European Council on Refugees and Exiles. (December 2022). Age assessment in Europe. Legal Note #13, 2022.
1407 Ministry of Justice of Spain | Ministerio de Justicia. (2022, April 20). Anteproyecto de Ley por la que se regula el
procedimiento de evaluación de la edad [Draft Law regulating the age assessment procedure].
1408 Spanish Commission for Refugee Aid | Comisión Española de Ayuda al Refugiado. (2022, May 10). ONGs piden
permitir documentos de los países de origen de los menores no acompañados en la determinación de su edad.
sentencias/
1409 Convive Foundation Cepaim | Convide Fundación Cepaim. (February 2022). Input to the Asylum Report 2023.
1410 Immigration and Naturalisation Service | Immigratie- en Naturalisatiedienst. (2022, October 4). IB 2022/92
Toekennen leeftijd bij gestelde Amv [IB 2022/92 Assigning age to an alleged UAM].
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ASYLUM REPORT 2023
1411 United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child. (2022, June 28). Concluding observations on the
combined fourth to sixth periodic reports of Greece [CRC/C/GRC/CO/4-6].
5CE737138E51
1412 Greek Council for Refugees | Ελληνικό Συμβούλιο για τους Πρόσφυγες. (February 2023). Input to the Asylum
1413 Caritas Belgium. (2022, November 18). Situatie Pacheco [Situation in Pacheco building].
1414 German Federal Minister of Justice | Bundesministerin für Justiz. (2022, July 12). Brief an den Mag. Wolfgang
Sobotka Präsident des Nationalrats Parlament [Letter to Mag. Wolfgang Sobotka, President of the National
Council Parliament] [Business number: 2022-0.354.600].
1415 Gemeinsam für Kinderrechte | Together for children's rights, & Michael Häupl and Irmgard Griss. (2022, July 13).
Kindeswohl: Es ist noch sehr viel zu tun [Child welfare: There is still a lot to do].
1416 Blog Asyl. (2022, September 12). Ausreichende Berücksichtigung des Kindeswohls in ausgewählten
Asylverfahren? - eine Judikaturanalyse der Refugee Law Clinic [Sufficient consideration of the best interests of the
child in selected asylum procedures? - a case law analysis by the Refugee Law Clinic].
asylverfahren/
1417 Gemeinsam für Kinderrechte | Together for children's rights. (2022, July 13). Ein Jahr
Kindeswohlkommissionbericht [One Year Child Welfare Commission Report]: Pressekonferenz 13.07.2022 [Press
1418 Asylkoordination Austria | Asylkoordination österreich. (2023, March 14). Plattform Gemeinsam für Kinderrechte
(GfK) [Platform Together for Children's Rights (GfK)].
index.html
1419 Loi n° 2022-140 du 7 février 2022 relative à la protection des enfants [Law n° 2022-140 of 7 February 2022
relating to the protection of children], February 7, 2022.
1420 French Ministry of the Interior | Ministère de l'Intérieur et des Outre-Mer. (2021, May 6). Les mineurs non
accompagnés demandeurs d'asile [Unaccompanied minors as asylum applicants].
1421 Immigration and Naturalisation Service, Ministry of Justice and Security | Immigratie- en Naturalisatiedients,
Ministerie van Justitie en Veiligheid. (2022, July 14). More and more extensive asylum procedures for
unaccompanied minor asylum seekers. https://ind.nl/en/news/more-and-more-extensive-asylum-procedures-for-
unaccompanied-minor-asylum-seekers; Rijksoverheid | Dutch Government. (2022, July 14). Kamerbrief gevolgen
uitspraak Raad van State over terugkeerbesluiten amv's [Letter to the House of Representatives on the
consequences of the Council of State ruling on return decisions for unaccompanied minors] [Chamber piece].
bestuursrechtspraak-raad-van-state-8-juni-2022-terugkeerbesluiten-amv-s
1422 Dutch Advisory Council on Migration | Adviesraad Migratie. (2022, April 15). Signalering: Amv-beleid is (nog
steeds) in strijd met EU-Terugkeerrichtlijn [Alert: unaccompanied minors policy is (still) in conflict with the EU return
directive]. https://www.adviesraadmigratie.nl/publicaties/publicaties/2022/04/15/signalering-amv-beleid-is-nog-
steeds-in-strijd-met-eu-terugkeerrichtlijn
1423 Migrationsverket | Swedish Migration Agency (Ed.). Legal Commentary. Interpretation of the judgment of the
European Court of Justice C-441/19 - RK/002/2022. Lifos.
1424 Migrationsverket | Swedish Migration Agency. (2022, December 22). Bristande motivering av barnets bästa i
asylbeslut [Lack of justification of the child's best interests in asylum decisions].
Bristande-motivering-av-barnets-basta-i-asylbeslut.html
1425 Decreto del Presidente della Repubblica 4 ottobre 2022, n. 191 Regolamento recante modifiche al decreto del
Presidente della Repubblica 31 agosto 1999, n. 394, in attuazione dell'articolo 22 della legge 7 aprile 2017, n. 47,
recante misure di protezione dei minori stranieri non accompagnati(22G00202) [Presidential Decree of 4 October
2022, No 191 Regulation amending Presidential Decree No 394 of 31 August 1999 implementing Article 22 of Law
No 47 of 7 April 2017 concerning measures for the protection of unaccompanied foreign minors (22G00202)],
October 4, 2022. https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.del.presidente.della.repubblica:2022-
10-04;191
1426 European Migration Network. (2022). EMN Quarterly Period: April - June 2022. Edition: N.39.
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EUROPEAN UNION AGENCY FOR ASYLUM
1427 AIDA Bulgaria. (2023). Country Report: Bulgaria - 2022 Update. Edited by ECRE. Written by Bulgarian Helsinki
1428 Règlement grand-ducal du 12 août 2022 portant modification du règlement grand-ducal du 4 novembre 2020
relatif à la composition et au fonctionnement de la commission consultative d’évaluation de l’intérêt supérieur des
mineurs non accompagnés prévue à l’article 103 de la loi modifiée du 29 août 2008 sur la libre circulation des
personnes et l’immigration [Grand-Ducal Regulation of 12 August 2022 amending the Grand-Ducal Regulation of 4
November 2020 relating to the composition and functioning of the advisory commission for the assessment of the
best interests of unaccompanied minors provided for in Article 103 of the amended law of 29 August 2008 on the
free movement of persons and immigration], August 12, 2022.
1429 United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child. (2022, June 28). Concluding observations on the
combined fourth to sixth periodic reports of Greece [CRC/C/GRC/CO/4-6].
5CE737138E51
1430 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. (2022, July 29). Special Secretariat for the Protection of
Unaccompanied Minors and UNHCR sign agreement to strengthen protection of refugee children who are alone in
unhcr-sign-agreement-to-strengthen-protection-of-refugee-children-who-are-alone-in-greece.html
1431 Network for Children's Rights. (February 2022). Input to the Asylum Report 2023.
1432 Network for Children's Rights. (February 2022). Input to the Asylum Report 2023.
1433 Arsis | ΑΡΣΙΣ. (2022). Νομολογία αποφάσεων που αφορούν ανήλικους αιτούντες άσυλο 2020-2022 [Children
content/uploads/2022/12/%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AE-
%CE%9D%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82-2020-2022-
1434 United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child. (2022, June 22). Concluding observations on the
combined fifth and sixth periodic reports of Croatia. CRC/C/HRV/CO/5-6.
x9U7RNJDXvowlo7%2F22sBKgyInpRWDYjeW0xLfC2evIWBQk6x%2FF4lWsrE5rMWP0Rb%2BWR3QzTXc8uxKk5%
2BBXYvfThpd
1435 United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child. (2022, June 24). Concluding observations on the
combined fifth and sixth periodic reports of Cyprus. CRC/C/CYP/CO/5-6.
OldKYSCSzBGjZzgZFDF4gjC%2B9EIdfRcVTI5pbQARKd%2BAuz7Sw2KL8y2SFlGhnBNertiQ9N2OnVx%2FsYbNkG4
BdoULEq7yM
1436 United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child. (2022, October 13). Concluding observations on the
combined fifth and sixth periodic reports of Germany. CRC/D/DEU/CO/5-6.
b12UC%2FYuMqo8od8mZT%2BO7YXVfBcM1IWvAZe5Nku1OEq%2F10EP9oX9AzMDb62JlkG7hV6y9tXtDsSrArjRU
gMguQdW161B
1437 Save the Children Sweden | Rädda Barnen. (2022, July 4). Ny rapport till FN: Barns egna ord om utsatthet i
Sverige [New Report to the UN: Children's own words about vulnerability in Sweden].
1438 Finnish Human Rights Centre (NHRI) | Ihmisoikeuskeskus | Människorättscentret. (2022, June 30). Submission
from the Finnish Human Rights Centre/NHRI for the consideration of State Report - Finland - 93rd Pre-sessional
1439 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Office in Spain. (October 2022). Guía para
profesionales que trabajan con niños y niñas refugiados no acompañados [Guide for professionals working with
unaccompanied refugee children]. https://www.acnur.org/media/guia-para-profesionales-que-trabajan-con-ninos-y-
ninas-refugiados-no-acompanados
1440 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. (2022, October 5). UNHCR, UNICEF und IOM: Dringender
Handlungsbedarf für Obsorge ab Tag 1 [UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM: urgent action needed for custody from day 1].
1441 Federal agency for the reception of asylum seekers | L’Agence fédérale pour l’accueil des demandeurs d’asile |
Federaal agentschap voor de opvang van asielzoekers. (2022, April 29). Réflexions autour de l’accueil des Mena
[Reflections on the reception of unaccompanied minors]. https://www.fedasil.be/fr/actualites/accueil-des-
demandeurs-dasile/reflexions-autour-de-laccueil-des-mena
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ASYLUM REPORT 2023
1442 Federal agency for the reception of asylum seekers | L’Agence fédérale pour l’accueil des demandeurs d’asile |
Federaal agentschap voor de opvang van asielzoekers. (2022). Fedasil veut des centres mieux adaptés aux
enfants [Fedasil wants more child-friendly centers]. https://www.fedasil.be/fr/actualites/accueil-des-demandeurs-
dasile/fedasil-veut-des-centres-mieux-adaptes-aux-enfants
1443 Federal agency for the reception of asylum seekers | L’Agence fédérale pour l’accueil des demandeurs d’asile |
Federaal agentschap voor de opvang van asielzoekers. (2022, December 10). Manque de places pour les Mena
[Lack of places for Mena]. https://www.fedasil.be/fr/actualites/accueil-des-demandeurs-dasile/manque-de-places-
pour-les-mena
1444 European Court of Human Rights. (2022, December 16). Court decides requests for interim measures form
homeless asylum-seekers in Belgium. https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/fre-press#{%22itemid%22:[%22003-7525712-
10331596%22]}
1445 European Court of Human Rights. (2022, December 16). Court decides requests for interim measures form
homeless asylum-seekers in Belgium. https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/fre-press#{%22itemid%22:[%22003-7525712-
10331596%22]}
1446 Caritas Belgium. (2022, November 18). Situatie Pacheco [Situation in Pacheco building].
1447 Caritas Belgium. (2022, November 18). Situatie Pacheco [Situation in Pacheco building].
1448 Laura Fletcher (2022, December 19). Child safety concerns at Citywest transit hub. RTÉ.
1449 Government of Ireland | Rialtas na hÉireann. (2023, January 24). Citywest Transit Hub to pause entry of new
release/489b6-citywest-transit-hub-to-pause-entry-of-new-international-protection-arrivals-to-its-emergency-
accommodation-area/
1450 Italian Council for Refugees | Consiglio Italiano per i Rifugiati. (2022, January 25). Online le Linee Guida per la
presa in carico di MSNA richiedenti asilo [The guidelines for supporting unaccompanied minor asylum seekers are
1451 Ministry of the Interior of Italy | Ministero dell‘Interno. (2022, April 13). Emergenza profughi ucraini, aggiornato il
Piano minori stranieri non accompagnati [Ukrainian refugee emergency, unaccompanied foreign minors plan
accompagnati; Ministry of the Interior of Italy | Ministero dell‘Interno. (2022, April 13). Addendum al piano minori
stranieri non accompagnati provenienti dall'Ucraina [Addendum to the unaccompanied foreign minors plan from
1452 Ministry of the Interior of Italy | Ministero dell‘Interno. (2022, May 20). Piano minori stranieri non accompagnati
ricerca in case di scomparsa del 20/05/2022 [Plan for unaccompanied foreign minors - Case Research of
1453 United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund (2022, April 6). Buone pratiche per il supporto psicosociale per
adolescenti e giovani rifugiati e migranti [Good practices for psychosocial support for refugee and migrant
adolescents and young people]. https://www.datocms-assets.com/30196/1649406104-unicef-rapporto-mappatura-
1454 Ministry of the Interior of Italy, Reception and Integration System (SAI) | Ministero dell'Interno, Sistema
Accoglienza Integrazione. (2022, April 12). Crisi Ucraina, Anci in audizione al Senato, il delegato all’Immigrazione
Matteo Biffoni: “Un fondo per minori soli, supporto a servizi sociali e ampliamento SAI” [Ukraine crisis, Anci in
hearing in the Senate, the delegate for Immigration Matteo Biffoni: "A fund for unaccompanied minors, support for
social services and expansion of SAI"]. https://www.retesai.it/crisi-ucraina-anci-in-audizione-al-senato-il-delegato-
allimmigrazione-matteo-biffoni-un-fondo-per-minori-soli-supporto-a-servizi-sociali-e-ampliamento-sai/; Ministry of
the Interior of Italy | Ministero dell‘Interno. (2023, June 6). Accoglienza dei minori non accompagnati, Piantedosi
incontra al Viminale delegazione Anci [Reception of unaccompanied minors, Piantedosi meets the Anci delegation
at the Interior Ministry]. https://www.interno.gov.it/it/stampa-e-comunicazione/comunicati-stampa/accoglienza-dei-
minori-non-accompagnati-piantedosi-incontra-viminale-delegazione-anci; International Volunteering for
Development (VIS) | Volontariato Internazionale per lo Sviluppo, Committee for the promotion and protection of
human rights | Comitato per la promozione e protezione dei diritti umani, Don Bosco 2000 Association |
Associazione Don Bosco 2000, & Salesians for social work | Salesiani per il Sociale. (February 2023). Input to the
Asylum Report 2023. https://euaa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2023-
02/vis_comitato_promozione_protezione_diritti_umani_don_bosco_2000_salesiani_per_il_sociale_forum_per_ca
mbiare_.pdf; Arca di Noè Società Cooperativa Sociale | Arca di Noe Social Cooperative Society. (February 2023).
Input to the Asylum Report 2023. https://euaa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2023-
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EUROPEAN UNION AGENCY FOR ASYLUM
1455 Ombudsman for the Rights of the Child | Ombudsman fir Kanner a Jugendlecher. (2022, November 15). Rapport
1456 Ombudsman for the Rights of the Child | Ombudsman fir Kanner a Jugendlecher. (2022, November 15). Rapport
1457 Projet de loi 8069 relative à l'accueil, à l'orientation, à l'intégration, à l'accompagnement scolaires des élèves
nouvellement arrivés et à la création du Service de l'intégration et de l'accueil scolaires et modifiant : 1° la loi
modifiée du 25 juin 2004 portant organisation des lycées ; 2° la loi modifiée du 6 février 2009 portant organisation
de l'enseignement fondamental [Draft law 8069 relating to the reception, orientation, integration, educational
support of newly arrived pupils and the creation of the Service for integration and school reception and modifying:
1° the amended law of 25 June 2004 on the organisation of high schools; 2° the amended law of 6 February 2009
on the organisation of basic education], September 2, 2022. https://www.chd.lu/fr/dossier/8069
1458 European Union Agency for Asylum. (2022). Asylum Report 2022. https://euaa.europa.eu/asylum-report-2022
1459 Ministry of Justice and Security | Ministerie van Justitie en Veiligheid. (2022, August 2). Kamerbrief over diverse
onderwerpen migratiebeleid [Letter to Parliament on various topics on migration policy] [Chamber piece].
1460 AIDA Netherlands. (2023). Country Report: Netherlands - 2022 Update. Edited by ECRE. Written by Dutch
Council for Refugees. https://euaa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2023-
1461 Central Agency for the Reception of Asylum Seekers | Centraal Orgaan opvang asielzoekers. (January 2022).
AMIF-projecten: opvang en begeleiding asielzoekers verbeteren [AMIF projects: improving the reception and
guidance of asylum seekers]. https://www.coa.nl/nl/amif-projecten-opvang-en-begeleiding-asielzoekers-verbeteren
1462 Central Agency for the Reception of Asylum Seekers | Centraal Orgaan opvang asielzoekers. (2022, July 19).
Samenwerkingsovereenkomst TeamUp verlengd tot 2024 [Collaboration agreement TeamUp extended until
1463 AIDA Bulgaria. (2023). Country Report: Bulgaria - 2022 Update. Edited by ECRE. Written by Bulgarian Helsinki
1464 Ombudsman of Republic of Bulgaria | Омбудстман на Република България. (2022, August 19). При проверка
на омбудсмана в Русе: Тежки нарушения при ареста на непридружени деца - чужденци [In an inquiry by the
Ombudsman in Ruse: Serious violations in the detention of foreign unaccompanied children].
1465 Press and Information Office of the Republic of Cyprus | Γραφείο Τύπου και Πληροφοριών της Κυπριακής
Δημοκρατίας. (2022, March 16). Δηλώσεις της Υφυπουργού Κοινωνικής Πρόνοιας σχετικά με τη μετακίνηση των
ασυνόδευτων παιδιών από το ΚεΠΥ Πουρνάρα [Statements of the Deputy Minister of Social Welfare regarding the
transfer of unaccompanied children from the Initial Reception Centre in Pournara].
CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1-%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%BF.html?id=26660#flat
1466 Press and Information Office of the Republic of Cyprus | Γραφείο Τύπου και Πληροφοριών της Κυπριακής
Δημοκρατίας. (2022, March 9). Δημόσια Τοποθέτηση Επιτρόπου σχετικά με την παραμονή στο δρόμο 30
ασυνόδευτων παιδιών [Public Position of the Commissioner for the Protection of the Rights of the Child regarding
30 unaccompanied children staying on the street].
CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1-%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%BF.html?id=26491#flat
1467 Ministry of the Interior | Υπουργείο Εσωτερικών. (2022, March 15). Δηλώσεις Υπουργού Εσωτερικών για τις
αποφάσεις σε σχέση με το Κέντρο «Πουρνάρα», μετά τη σύσκεψη στο Προεδρικό Μέγαρο, υπό τον ΠτΔ
[Statements by the Minister of Interior on the decisions in relation to the "Pournara" Center, after the meeting at the
Presidential Palace, before the President].
1468 Press and Information Office of the Republic of Cyprus | Γραφείο Τύπου και Πληροφοριών της Κυπριακής
Δημοκρατίας. (2022, March 14). Ο Πρόεδρος της Δημοκρατίας επισκέφθηκε τον χώρο φιλοξενίας στο Πουρνάρα
[The President of the Republic visited the reception centre in Pournara].
CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1-%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%BF.html?id=26592#flat
1469 European Union Agency for Asylum. (2022). Asylum Report 2022. https://euaa.europa.eu/asylum-report-2022
1470 AIDA Spain. (2022). Country Report: Spain - 2021 Update. Edited by ECRE. Written by Accem.
1471 AIDA Portugal. (2022). Country Report: Portugal - 2021 Update. Edited by ECRE. Written by Portuguese Refugee
Council (CPR).
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ASYLUM REPORT 2023
1472 United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child. (2022, June 28). Concluding observations on the
combined fourth to sixth periodic reports of Greece [CRC/C/GRC/CO/4-6].
5CE737138E51
1473 I Have Rights. (February 2023). Input to the Asylum Report 2023.
1474 United Nations Committee against Torture. (2022, June 15). List of issues prior to submission of the eighth
periodic report of Greece. CAT/C/GRC/QPR/8.
FIQHDq9DfGO2BOuyZIlAlboWf7fQeCQ7Hvm/llzJGoYo3cA5uNZR9%2bbWSZBW67ryAAyhPlqdHrJmkTNLpOtT2Bh
m
1475 Arsis | ΑΡΣΙΣ. (2022, February 11). Το Κέντρο Μη Τυπικής Εκπαίδευσης #LEDU συνεχίζει να παρέχει τις
υπηρεσίες του ως Κινητή Εκπαιδευτική Μονάδα [LEDU Non-Formal Education Center continues to provide its
1476 European Website on Integration. (2022, December 1). Denmark: New website launched to promote reception
of refugee children. https://ec.europa.eu/migrant-integration/news/denmark-new-website-launched-promote-
reception-refugee-children_en
1477 Ministry of Justice and Public Security | Justis- og beredskapsdepartementet. (2022, May 12). Additional child-
related expertise at asylum reception centres. No. 80 - 2022. https://www.regjeringen.no/en/aktuelt/additional-
child-related-expertise-at-asylum-reception-centres/id2912353/
1478 Federal Ministry of the Interior | Bundesministerium für Inneres. (2022, November 10). Bundesinnenministerin
Faeser: Großen Kraftakt gemeinsam stemmen [Federal Minister of the Interior Faeser: Working together to make a
fluechtlingssituation.html
1479 AIDA Germany. (2022). Country Report: Germany - 2023 Update. Edited by ECRE.
1480 Ministry of Social Security and Labor of the Republic of Lithuania | Lietuvos Respublikos socialinės apsaugos ir
darbo ministerija. (2022, October 3). Apie į Lietuvą be tėvų atvykstančius vaikus iš Ukrainos būtina pranešti [It is
necessary to report children from Ukraine arriving in Lithuania without their parents].
1481 United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. (2022, March 28). Concluding observations
on the third periodic report of Czechia. E/C.12/CZE/CO/3. https://uhri.ohchr.org/Document/File/8e7b781d-018d-
4e99-91ae-9ba5f48ab6fd/092B7BA9-53B4-4FEF-864D-01CF2CC46E0E
1482 Aditus foundation. (2023, January 12). European Human Rights Court orders Malta to release children from
detention/#.Y_uMV3bMI2w
Aditus foundation (2022, November 5). Another successful Habeas Corpus for two men illegally detained for 42
days/#.Y_uMa3bMI2w
Aditus foundation (2022, July 26). Immigration Police Arrest 2 Minors Hosted in Shelter for Children.
Aditus foundation (2022, April 10). Malta still detains children with adults in Safi Detention Centre. Aditus
Foundation. https://aditus.org.mt/malta-still-detains-children-with-adults-in-safi-detention-centre/#.Y_uMtHbMI2w
Aditus foundation (2022, January 25). Three Children Released From Illegal Detention Following Court Action.
1483 Aditus foundation. (2023, January 12). European Human Rights Court orders Malta to release children from
detention/#.Y_uMV3bMI2w
1484 Association for Legal Intervention I Stowarzyszenia Interwencji Prawnej. (2022, May 4). Compensation for unjust
deprivation of liberty of an unaccompanied child. https://interwencjaprawna.pl/en/compensation-for-unjust-
deprivation-of-liberty-of-an-unaccompanied-child/
Association for Legal Intervention I Stowarzyszenia Interwencji Prawnej. (2022, June 14). Pleading against Poland
for the detention of a traumatised family with children. https://interwencjaprawna.pl/en/pleading-against-poland-for-
the-detention-of-a-traumatised-family-with-children/
Association for Legal Intervention I Stowarzyszenia Interwencji Prawnej. (2022, August 4). We ask for
compensation for unlawful detention for a family from Afghanistan. https://interwencjaprawna.pl/en/we-submit-an-
application-for-compensation-for-stay-in-guarded-centers-for-foreigners-on-behalf-of-a-family-from-afghanistan/
Association for Legal Intervention I Stowarzyszenia Interwencji Prawnej. (2022, September 27). We submit a
complaint to the ECtHR against unlawful detention of a family with a child. https://interwencjaprawna.pl/en/we-
submit-a-complaint-to-the-ecthr-against-unlawful-detention-of-a-family-with-a-child/
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EUROPEAN UNION AGENCY FOR ASYLUM
1485 Decreto del Presidente della Repubblica 4 ottobre 2022, n. 191 Regolamento recante modifiche al decreto del
Presidente della Repubblica 31 agosto 1999, n. 394, in attuazione dell'articolo 22 della legge 7 aprile 2017, No 47,
recante misure di protezione dei minori stranieri non accompagnati(22G00202) [Presidential Decree of 4 October
2022, No 191 Regulation amending Presidential Decree No 394 of 31 August 1999 implementing Article 22 of Law
No 47 of 7 April 2017 concerning measures for the protection of unaccompanied foreign minors (22G00202)],
October 4, 2022. https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.del.presidente.della.repubblica:2022-
10-04;191
Ministry of the Interior of Italy | Ministero dell‘Interno, & Ministry of Labor and Social Policies | Ministero del Lavoro e
delle Politiche Sociali. (2022, December 28). Minori stranieri non accompagnati, in vigore il nuovo regolamento
[Unaccompanied foreign minors, the new regulation is in force]. https://integrazionemigranti.gov.it/it-it/Ricerca-
news/Dettaglio-news/id/2976/Minori-stranieri-non-accompagnati-in-vigore-il-nuovo-regolamento
European Commission, European Website on Integration. (2022, December 28). Italy: New regulation on
unaccompanied foreign minors. https://ec.europa.eu/migrant-integration/news/italy-new-regulation-
unaccompanied-foreign-minors_en
1486 United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) Italy. (2022). Vademecum per l'orientamento
orientamento-professionale/
1487 France Terre d'Asile. (2022). Rapport alternatif thématique au Comité des Droits de l’Enfant des Nations Unies
dans le cadre de l’examen de l’application de la Convention Internationale des Droits de l’Enfant par la France
[Alternative thematic report to the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child in the framework of the
assessment of France's application of the International Convention on the Rights of the Child]. https://www.france-
1488 Ministry of Justice and Security | Ministerie van Justitie en Veiligheid. (2022, March 25). Reassessment
1489 Nidos Foundation. (February 2022). Input to the Asylum Report 2023.
1490 Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare. (2022, March 8). Part of young people in child welfare after-care and
minors who have entered Finland without a guardian are at heightened risk of exclusion. https://thl.fi/en/web/thlfi-
en/-/part-of-young-people-in-child-welfare-after-care-and-minors-who-have-entered-finland-without-a-guardian-are-
at-heightened-risk-of-exclusion
1491 Together for children's rights. (2022, November 13). Civil society calls for an end to the deportation of well-
1492 Austrian Bar Association | Österreichischer Rechtsanwaltskammertag. (February 2022). Input to the Asylum
1493 European Database of Asylum Law. (2022, April 13). Third Party Intervention Hasani v. Sweden, Application No.
35950/20, March 2022. https://www.asylumlawdatabase.eu/en/content/third-party-intervention-hasani-v-sweden-
application-no-3595020-march-2022
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ASYLUM REPORT 2023
Reader’s guide
Legal basis
The Asylum Report 2023: Annual Report on the Situation of Asylum in the European Union is
produced in accordance with the EUAA Regulation, Articles 69, 16(4), 20(7), 35(6), 50(5b) and
51(10).
Its objective is to provide a comprehensive overview of the situation of asylum in EU Member
States and Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland, describing and analysing flows of
applications for international protection, major developments in legislation, jurisprudence and
policies at the European and national levels, and the practical functioning of CEAS.
The production process follows the methodology and basic principles agreed by the Agency’s
Management Board in 2013. Drafts are disseminated to the Management Board for their
comments prior to its formal adoption and public launch.
Qualitative information
Primary factual information presented in the report was collected by the EUAA throughout the
year in the framework of its the information management activities organised around the
EUAA Information and Documentation System (IDS). This involves desk research on
developments related to each step of the asylum procedure and the validation of the
information by representatives of national authorities. Bilateral calls were organised with IDS
focal points, who are nominated representatives of national authorities, to confirm, amend and
add new information to ensure an accurate and comprehensive picture of developments in
2022. Information was further verified with EMN reports.
The European Commission was consulted during the drafting process, in accordance with its
role under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Article 35, which is
reflected in EU Treaties and the asylum acquis instruments. UNHCR was also consulted during
the drafting process and public information produced by its experts were included in the
report.
The report provides an analysis based on a wide range of duly-referenced sources of
information to reflect the ongoing debates at the European level. It also identifies areas where
improvement is most needed (and thus where the EUAA and other key stakeholders should
focus their efforts) in line with its declared purpose of improving the quality, consistency and
effectiveness of CEAS. To that end, the EUAA takes due account of information already
available from other relevant sources, as stipulated in the EUAA Regulation, including from
EU+ countries, EU institutions and agencies (such as Frontex and FRA), civil society
organisations, international organisations and academia.
Two open calls for contributions were launched to members of the Agency’s Consultative
Forum and other civil society stakeholders, inviting them to provide information on their work
which is relevant to the functioning of CEAS. They were also invited to share their publications
to be used as sources and provide written input through a standardised online form.
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EUROPEAN UNION AGENCY FOR ASYLUM
Jurisprudence was collected throughout the year and added to the EUAA Case Law
Database, a publicly-available platform which serves as a point of reference for European and
national case law related to CEAS. In addition, members of the EUAA Network of Courts and
Tribunal members contributed to the report by providing relevant examples of national case
law. Links to cases in the report redirect to the English summary in the EUAA Case Law
Database.
The Asylum Report 2023 covers the period 1 January to 31 December 2022 but also refers to
relevant developments in the year of writing. Whenever possible, information referring to
2023 was based on the most up-to-date sources available at the time of adoption of the
report by the EUAA Management Board.
The report is not exhaustive and country examples presented in the report serve only as
illustrations of relevant aspects of CEAS.
Quantitative information
Statistical information was primarily derived from Eurostat. Selected data at the EU+ level were
also obtained from the EUAA’s Early Warning and Preparedness System (EPS) data exchange
for additional information and for the section on Dublin procedures (due to the unavailability of
respective Eurostat data at the time of writing).
The data published in this report were extracted from Eurostat on 13 April 2023. The data are
provisional and may be updated or revised by Member States. These data are provided to
Eurostat by ministries and national administrations in Member States in the framework of
Regulation (EC) 862/2007 on community statistics on migration and international protection as
amended by Regulation (EU) 2020/851, except for data on first-time asylum applicants.
The annual data presented in the statistical annexes are computed as the aggregation of
data submitted to Eurostat throughout the year on a monthly (or quarterly) basis or based on
the annual statistics provided to Eurostat.
The following indicators are presented in this report:
Applicants for international protection, withdrawn applications and pending
cases collected monthly by Eurostat and presented based on their annual
datasets.
Asylum decisions in first instance (refugee status granted, subsidiary protection
status granted, authorisation to stay for humanitarian reasons granted, and
rejections) collected quarterly by Eurostat and presented annually based on the
aggregation of their quarterly datasets.
Asylum applicants considered to be unaccompanied minors collected annually
by Eurostat.
Data published by Eurostat are rounded to the nearest five. As such, aggregates calculated on
the basis of rounded figures may slightly deviate from the actual total. Thus, a ‘0’ may not
necessarily indicate a real zero value but could also represent a value of ‘1’ or ‘2’.
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ASYLUM REPORT 2023
When reference is made in the report to applications for international protection, the total number
of applications is used. Sub-categories of this indicator will refer to subsequent or first-time
applications.
The definitions for the indicators presented in the report are available in the Eurostat Glossary and
the Eurostat Technical Guidelines. With the exception of the indicator on withdrawn applications,
all statistics reported to Eurostat refer to persons. Therefore, family members under one application
should be counted and reported individually, irrespective of the national legal requirements or
administrative procedures.
The Eurostat Technical Guidelines for data collection were amended in December 2013 and
subsequently entered into force in the reference month of January 2014. Thus, data
published prior to 2014 are not necessarily comparable. The main changes for data
collection included:
Clarification on the definitions of first-time and repeated applicants;
Instructions on how to report persons subject to a Dublin procedure in the
pending cases table;
Instructions not to report cases where another Member State assumed
responsibility of negative asylum decisions; and
Clarification on the definition of humanitarian protection.
Methodological changes to the Eurostat Technical Guidelines entered into force as of
January 2015 in reference to reporting on cases in the Dublin procedure and withdrawn cases,
as follows:
Persons subject to the Dublin procedure shall be removed from the stock of
pending applications of the sending country from the time of the acceptance
decision;
Persons subject to the Dublin procedure shall be included in the stock of pending
applications of the receiving country from the moment of physical arrival and when
such persons apply or re-apply for asylum;
Dublin transfers shall not be considered as an implicit or explicit withdrawal;
Persons subject to the Dublin procedure and who abscond after the acceptance
decision shall not be reported in withdrawn applications data;
Revisions at the own initiative of the national asylum authority shall be considered
as regular revisions (i.e. require revision of the previously-reported data); and
Persons reappearing after implicit or explicit withdrawal of an application shall be
considered under regular revisions and be removed from data on withdrawn
applications.
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EUROPEAN UNION AGENCY FOR ASYLUM
Further modifications to the Eurostat Technical Guidelines were published in February 2018lxvii
and introduced:
A new voluntary data disaggregation on 'status of minor' as of the 2018 reference
period. The new concept measures whether a minor applicant was 'unaccompanied'
or 'accompanied' by an adult with responsibility for the minor during the application
procedure;
An amendment and new specification to the 'Resettlement Framework' variable: the
former category "Agreement in the JHA Council on 20.07.2015 - JHAC15" was
changed to "EU Resettlement Frameworks - EU_RFW" to include Resettlement
Frameworks launched by the European Commission (or Justice and Home Affairs
Council) applicable to each reference year; and
Methodological guidance on reporting on the new variables of Table A16 (resettled
person), namely 'country of residence', 'decision' and 'Resettlement Framework'.
These guidelines were agreed in the Asylum and Managed Migration Working Group
in 2016.
Following the entry into force of Regulation (EU) 2020/851, additional amendments to the
Eurostat Technical Guidelines were published in December 2020:lxviii
New monthly table on subsequent applicants, introduced from January 2021
reference month. It includes clarification of the concepts of subsequent, new and re-
opened applications.
New monthly table on applicants under accelerated procedures, introduced from
January 2021 reference month.
New annual table on applicants receiving material reception conditions, introduced
from 2021 reference year.
New mandatory disaggregation by type of withdrawal (implicit, explicit) for monthly
Table A03 (applications withdrawn) introduced from January 2021 reference month.
New mandatory disaggregation by reason to withdraw a protection status
(revocation, ending, refusal to renew) for Tables A09 and A17, introduced
respectively from Q1 2021 reference quarter and 2021 reference year.
Mandatory provision of disaggregation by status of minor introduced from 2021
reference period.
Mandatory provision of disaggregation by country of residence and decision for
Table A16 (resettled persons), introduced from 2021 reference year.
lxvii
Eurostat. (February 2018). Technical Guidelines for the Data Collection under Art. 4.1-4.3 of Regulation
862/2007 - Statistics on Asylum: Version 4.0 amended in February 2018.
lxviii
Eurostat. (December 2020). Technical Guidelines for the Data Collection under Article 4.1-4.3 of
Regulation 862/2007 - Statistics on Asylum: Version 5.0 amended in December 2020.
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ASYLUM REPORT 2023
Products related to the Asylum Report 2023
The National Asylum Developments Database presents the legislative, institutional and policy
developments which are described in the report. Updates can be searched by country, topic,
year and type of development. The information is also summarised and presented in a table
by country and by thematic area in a PDF document.
The report presents a selection of jurisprudential developments based on the EUAA Case Law
Database. The hyperlinks within the text will bring readers to the specific case in the database.
The sources used for the production of the Asylum Report 2023 are presented in the list of
references at the end of the report. They are also available in a separate, detailed Sources on
Asylum 2023, grouped by type of source. Readers can easily identify whether sources are
from European institutions and agencies, international organisations, national authorities, civil
society organisations or think tanks and academia. A list of legislation and case law
referenced in the report is also provided.
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EUROPEAN UNION AGENCY FOR ASYLUM
Statistical tables
Table 1: Asylum applicants in EU+ countries by
reporting country and main citizenship, 2018-2022
2022
% chg. on
Share in
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Highest share
Sparkline
last year
EU+
Reporting country
Citizenship
Germany
184,180
165,615
121,955
190,545
243,835
28
24%
Syria (30%)
France
137,665
151,070
93,200
120,685
156,455
30
16%
Afghanistan (15%)
Spain
54,050
117,800
88,530
65,295
117,945
81
12%
Venezuela (39%)
Austria
13,710
12,860
14,760
39,900
108,755
173
11%
Afghanistan (22%)
Italy
59,950
43,770
26,940
53,610
84,290
57
8%
Bangladesh (18%)
Greece
66,965
77,275
40,560
28,355
37,375
32
4%
Afghanistan (15%)
Netherlands
24,025
25,200
15,255
26,520
37,020
40
4%
Syria (34%)
Belgium
22,530
27,460
16,710
24,970
36,740
47
4%
Afghanistan (17%)
Switzerland
15,160
14,195
10,990
14,850
24,440
65
2%
Afghanistan (29%)
Cyprus
7,765
13,650
7,495
13,670
22,190
62
2%
Syria (19%)
Bulgaria
2,535
2,150
3,525
11,000
20,390
85
2%
Syria (42%)
Sweden
21,560
26,255
16,225
13,990
18,605
33
2%
Afghanistan (12%)
Ireland
3,670
4,780
1,565
2,650
13,660
415
1%
Georgia (20%)
Croatia
800
1,400
1,605
2,930
12,870
339
1%
Iraq (19%)
Romania
2,135
2,590
6,155
9,585
12,355
29
1%
Ukraine (36%)
Poland
4,110
4,070
2,785
7,795
9,810
26
1%
Belarus (31%)
Slovenia
2,875
3,820
3,550
5,300
6,785
28
1%
Afghanistan (19%)
Finland
4,500
4,520
3,190
2,525
5,780
129
1%
Ukraine (31%)
Norway
2,660
2,265
1,375
1,635
4,840
196
0%
Syria (33%)
Denmark
3,570
2,700
1,475
2,080
4,565
119
0%
Ukraine (45%)
Estonia
95
105
50
80
2,945
3,581
0%
Ukraine (89%)
Luxembourg
2,335
2,270
1,345
1,415
2,445
73
0%
Syria (43%)
Portugal
1,285
1,820
1,000
1,540
2,115
37
0%
Afghanistan (13%)
Czechia
1,690
1,915
1,160
1,405
1,685
20
0%
Ukraine (17%)
Malta
2,130
4,090
2,480
1,595
1,320
-17
0%
Syria (21%)
Lithuania
405
645
315
3,940
1,025
-74
0%
Belarus (40%)
Latvia
185
195
180
615
620
1
0%
Russia (20%)
Slovakia
175
230
280
370
545
47
0%
Ukraine (28%)
Liechtenstein
165
50
35
95
80
-16
0%
Algeria (19%)
Hungary
670
500
115
40
45
13
0%
Afghanistan (33%)
Iceland*
775
845
640
870
4,555
424
0%
Ukraine (51%)
Citizenship
Reporting country
Syria
85,180
79,410
70,340
117,810
138,310
17
14%
Germany (53%)
Afghanistan
46,925
60,580
50,010
103,205
131,700
28
13%
Germany (31%)
Türkiye
24,045
26,380
16,720
24,635
57,590
134
6%
Germany (43%)
Venezuela
22,515
45,640
30,940
18,335
50,860
177
5%
Spain (90%)
Colombia
10,325
32,470
29,580
13,975
43,305
210
4%
Spain (83%)
Pakistan
27,670
28,845
18,635
24,885
37,470
51
4%
Italy (32%)
Bangladesh
13,740
15,845
11,570
20,080
33,810
68
3%
Italy (44%)
Iraq
42,415
32,085
19,960
30,555
30,345
-1
3%
Germany (54%)
Georgia
20,950
22,765
8,905
14,975
29,160
95
3%
France (34%)
Ukraine
10,070
9,640
6,025
6,525
27,555
322
3%
Romania (16%)
India
4,080
5,180
2,805
4,010
25,975
548
3%
Austria (75%)
Morocco
8,880
10,185
7,875
15,035
21,975
46
2%
Austria (39%)
Tunisia
3,540
4,090
3,150
9,855
21,640
120
2%
Austria (59%)
Russia
16,030
15,255
8,370
7,230
18,950
162
2%
Germany (20%)
Nigeria
26,705
25,875
14,135
16,685
18,635
12
2%
Italy (27%)
Other**
281,255
301,865
186,425
222,060
308,805
39
31%
France (26%)
EU+
644,325
716,110
485,445
649,855
996,085
53
Syria (14%)
':' Data not available
*Annual data were not available for Iceland. The annual estimate was produced by summing monthly data.
**This number includes the summed monthly data for Iceland.
Source: Eurostat [migr_asyappctza] as of 13 April 2023, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/migr_asyappctza/default/table?lang=en
Eurostat [migr_asyappctzm] as of 13 April 2023, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/migr_asyappctzm/default/table?lang=en
414
ASYLUM REPORT 2023
Table 2: First-time asylum applicants in EU+ countries
by reporting country and main citizenship, 2018-2022
2022
% chg. on
Share in
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Highest share
Sparkline
last year
EU+
Reporting country
Citizenship
Germany
161,885
142,450
102,525
148,175
217,735
47
24%
Syria (33%)
France
126,580
138,290
81,735
103,790
137,510
32
15%
Afghanistan (16%)
Spain
52,730
115,175
86,380
62,050
116,135
87
13%
Venezuela (39%)
Austria
11,580
10,985
13,400
37,800
106,380
181
12%
Afghanistan (22%)
Italy
53,440
35,005
21,330
45,200
77,200
71
8%
Bangladesh (19%)
Netherlands
20,465
22,485
13,660
24,725
35,495
44
4%
Syria (36%)
Belgium
18,130
23,105
12,905
19,545
32,100
64
4%
Afghanistan (18%)
Greece
64,975
74,910
37,860
22,660
29,125
29
3%
Syria (15%)
Switzerland
13,465
12,545
9,725
13,240
23,075
74
3%
Afghanistan (30%)
Cyprus
7,610
12,695
7,065
13,260
21,590
63
2%
Syria (19%)
Bulgaria
2,465
2,075
3,460
10,890
20,260
86
2%
Syria (42%)
Sweden
18,075
23,125
13,595
10,145
14,045
38
2%
Syria (13%)
Ireland
3,655
4,740
1,535
2,615
13,645
422
1%
Georgia (20%)
Croatia
675
1,265
1,540
2,725
12,750
368
1%
Iraq (19%)
Romania
1,945
2,455
6,025
9,065
12,065
33
1%
Ukraine (36%)
Poland
2,405
2,765
1,510
6,240
7,700
23
1%
Belarus (37%)
Slovenia
2,800
3,615
3,465
5,220
6,645
27
1%
Afghanistan (18%)
Finland
2,950
2,445
1,445
1,355
4,815
255
1%
Ukraine (36%)
Norway
2,530
2,165
1,325
1,595
4,650
192
1%
Syria (34%)
Denmark
3,465
2,605
1,420
1,995
4,475
124
0%
Ukraine (46%)
Estonia
90
100
45
75
2,940
3,820
0%
Ukraine (89%)
Luxembourg
2,225
2,200
1,295
1,365
2,395
75
0%
Syria (44%)
Portugal
1,240
1,735
900
1,350
1,975
46
0%
Afghanistan (13%)
Czechia
1,350
1,570
790
1,055
1,335
27
0%
Türkiye (16%)
Malta
2,035
4,015
2,410
1,200
915
-24
0%
Syria (27%)
Lithuania
385
625
260
3,905
905
-77
0%
Belarus (44%)
Latvia
175
180
145
580
545
-6
0%
Russia (22%)
Slovakia
155
215
265
330
500
52
0%
Ukraine (30%)
Liechtenstein
145
40
25
80
70
-13
0%
Algeria (21%)
Hungary
635
465
90
40
45
13
0%
Afghanistan (33%)
Iceland*
730
805
625
865
4,535
424
0%
Ukraine (53%)
Citizenship
Reporting country
Syria
82,175
76,405
64,965
100,470
134,705
34
15%
Germany (53%)
Afghanistan
41,880
55,795
46,010
87,845
120,940
38
13%
Germany (30%)
Türkiye
23,020
25,010
15,135
22,655
54,620
141
6%
Germany (44%)
Venezuela
22,265
45,010
30,460
17,795
50,180
182
5%
Spain (90%)
Colombia
10,120
32,020
29,135
13,270
42,710
222
5%
Spain (83%)
Pakistan
23,435
24,460
15,995
21,140
32,765
55
4%
Italy (35%)
Bangladesh
11,355
13,200
10,430
18,840
31,985
70
4%
Italy (46%)
Georgia
19,545
20,500
7,085
12,775
26,640
109
3%
France (33%)
Iraq
37,430
27,525
16,690
26,610
25,910
-3
3%
Germany (59%)
Ukraine
8,875
8,555
5,160
5,405
25,485
372
3%
Romania (17%)
India
3,775
4,735
2,510
3,620
25,445
603
3%
Austria (76%)
Morocco
8,060
9,300
7,160
14,230
21,225
49
2%
Austria (40%)
Tunisia
3,260
3,770
2,825
9,085
21,190
133
2%
Austria (59%)
Somalia
13,095
13,280
10,450
15,560
16,650
7
2%
Germany (24%)
Russia
12,350
11,940
5,545
4,480
15,590
248
2%
Germany (18%)
Other**
260,350
275,345
159,200
179,355
267,515
49
29%
France (26%)
EU+
580,990
646,850
428,755
553,135
913,555
65
Syria (15%)
':' Data not available
*Annual data were not available for Iceland. The annual estimate was produced by summing monthly data.
**This number includes the summed monthly data for Iceland.
Source: Eurostat [migr_asyappctza] as of 13 April 2023, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/migr_asyappctza/default/table?lang=en
Eurostat [migr_asyappctzm] as of 13 April 2023, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/migr_asyappctzm/default/table?lang=en
415
EUROPEAN UNION AGENCY FOR ASYLUM
Table 3: Pending cases at the end of the year in
EU+ countries by reporting country and main
citizenship, 2018-2022
2022
% chg. on
Share in
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Highest share
Sparkline
last year
EU+
Reporting country
Citizenship
Germany
384,815
326,770
257,210
264,425
268,895
2
30%
Syria (21%)
France
142,970
160,785
151,200
145,180
142,940
-2
16%
Afghanistan (17%)
Spain
78,705
133,020
103,410
104,010
134,740
30
15%
Colombia (30%)
Italy
102,995
47,020
53,895
39,820
80,005
101
9%
Pakistan (18%)
Austria
38,045
27,140
21,205
27,935
54,240
94
6%
Syria (32%)
Belgium
19,535
29,065
29,240
28,960
41,775
44
5%
Afghanistan (23%)
Netherlands
15,965
20,205
17,130
23,520
38,375
63
4%
Syria (34%)
Cyprus
10,180
18,795
19,590
25,925
29,870
15
3%
Syria (32%)
Greece
76,330
105,450
62,270
37,535
22,585
-40
3%
Afghanistan (12%)
Switzerland
15,130
11,440
6,855
7,435
15,590
110
2%
Afghanistan (27%)
Sweden
37,620
27,530
18,525
14,275
14,940
5
2%
Afghanistan (14%)
Ireland
7,060
7,330
6,805
6,565
14,865
126
2%
Georgia (20%)
Bulgaria
1,820
1,100
2,200
7,555
11,185
48
1%
Syria (51%)
Finland
10,490
8,315
6,330
5,045
6,065
20
1%
Iraq (21%)
Norway
1,985
1,325
805
935
4,220
351
0%
Syria (31%)
Malta
2,020
4,260
5,140
4,110
2,975
-28
0%
Syria (16%)
Poland
4,460
4,790
3,600
3,850
2,825
-27
0%
Russia (27%)
Luxembourg
1,525
1,790
1,890
1,815
2,625
45
0%
Syria (36%)
Denmark
2,600
1,440
1,250
1,440
2,580
79
0%
Ukraine (33%)
Romania
1,520
930
2,260
1,515
1,290
-15
0%
Syria (24%)
Croatia
250
620
610
600
1,255
109
0%
Afghanistan (25%)
Iceland
450
425
295
385
1,165
203
0%
Venezuela (55%)
Slovenia
410
530
640
1,615
1,020
-37
0%
Afghanistan (15%)
Czechia
795
775
590
540
770
43
0%
Ukraine (18%)
Estonia
80
55
45
30
670
2,133
0%
Ukraine (78%)
Lithuania
380
550
250
500
505
1
0%
Belarus (55%)
Latvia
125
100
95
255
295
16
0%
Russia (29%)
Slovakia
155
110
145
150
245
63
0%
Türkiye (29%)
Portugal
90
180
95
75
225
200
0%
India (40%)
Hungary
125
235
45
15
30
100
0%
Afghanistan (17%)
Liechtenstein
80
30
20
35
20
-43
0%
Iraq (25%)
Citizenship
Reporting country
Syria
93,560
86,545
69,235
95,680
116,040
21
13%
Germany (48%)
Afghanistan
129,165
117,930
92,900
101,280
98,020
-3
11%
Germany (36%)
Türkiye
29,355
34,575
30,645
32,725
58,115
78
6%
Germany (54%)
Colombia
11,990
36,785
26,775
23,005
47,220
105
5%
Spain (85%)
Iraq
78,370
65,145
47,465
43,785
41,790
-5
5%
Germany (73%)
Venezuela
34,590
37,970
22,645
21,835
40,120
84
4%
Spain (86%)
Pakistan
44,450
41,245
31,570
27,360
33,525
23
4%
Italy (43%)
Bangladesh
18,595
19,085
19,910
20,020
29,165
46
3%
Italy (46%)
Nigeria
50,145
42,005
36,080
29,935
25,535
-15
3%
Germany (32%)
Georgia
20,310
17,875
12,945
14,115
23,370
66
3%
Germany (37%)
Russia
32,405
30,870
26,130
18,775
22,030
17
2%
Germany (44%)
Iran
35,860
37,940
31,200
22,885
21,710
-5
2%
Germany (66%)
Somalia
21,620
22,435
20,110
21,305
21,410
0
2%
Germany (26%)
Morocco
7,285
6,950
6,680
11,055
16,430
49
2%
Spain (36%)
Eritrea
24,760
21,465
22,870
17,915
15,255
-15
2%
Italy (34%)
Other
326,250
323,290
276,480
254,375
289,050
14
32%
France (23%)
EU+
958,710
942,110
773,640
756,050
898,785
19
Syria (13%)
':' Data not available
Source: Eurostat [migr_asypenctzm] as of 13 April 2023, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/migr_asypenctzm/default/table?lang=en
416
ASYLUM REPORT 2023
Table 4: Withdrawn applications in EU+ countries by
reporting country and main citizenship, 2018-2022
2022
% chg. on
Share in
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Highest share
Sparkline
last year
EU+
Reporting country
Citizenship
Austria
2,720
2,200
2,500
7,855
42,240
438
30%
Afghanistan (40%)
Bulgaria
805
1,120
475
2,935
14,915
408
11%
Afghanistan (66%)
Greece
11,740
16,610
5,970
15,760
14,380
-9
10%
Afghanistan (24%)
Italy
7,730
14,310
10,430
8,340
10,225
23
7%
Tunisia (19%)
Germany
7,190
4,680
4,735
5,240
8,885
70
6%
Iraq (10%)
Romania
1,275
945
2,260
5,120
7,845
53
6%
Ukraine (50%)
Cyprus
810
1,765
2,145
2,860
7,005
145
5%
Pakistan (17%)
Spain
2,985
4,295
2,645
2,195
4,280
95
3%
Colombia (26%)
Poland
1,940
1,990
1,040
1,110
4,120
271
3%
Iraq (29%)
Slovenia
2,370
3,270
2,875
3,445
3,985
16
3%
Bangladesh (19%)
Croatia
500
765
1,315
2,035
3,470
71
2%
Afghanistan (34%)
Belgium
1,275
1,420
1,100
2,580
2,860
11
2%
Georgia (9%)
Sweden
4,645
3,810
2,650
2,080
2,840
37
2%
Ukraine (33%)
Netherlands
900
1,225
590
1,785
2,245
26
2%
Algeria (18%)
Denmark
1,450
885
445
435
2,060
374
1%
Ukraine (59%)
Switzerland
1,665
1,455
1,090
1,080
2,010
86
1%
Algeria (31%)
Portugal
380
475
720
1,040
1,335
28
1%
Afghanistan (18%)
Malta
235
310
385
1,535
1,305
-15
1%
Sudan (25%)
France
1,665
2,235
2,565
900
920
2
1%
Ukraine (15%)
Ireland
355
425
180
270
740
174
1%
Pakistan (14%)
Lithuania
100
:
260
585
630
8
0%
Iraq (57%)
Norway
105
145
60
50
400
700
0%
Ukraine (54%)
Slovakia
70
180
175
210
385
83
0%
Ukraine (35%)
Finland
365
340
160
150
360
140
0%
Ukraine (35%)
Czechia
310
160
80
145
355
145
0%
Türkiye (30%)
Luxembourg
205
380
105
70
245
250
0%
Eritrea (31%)
Latvia
55
80
70
290
205
-29
0%
Iraq (54%)
Iceland
165
145
75
25
110
340
0%
Georgia (18%)
Estonia
25
5
5
10
80
700
0%
Ukraine (50%)
Liechtenstein
40
20
10
20
35
75
0%
Algeria (29%)
Hungary
120
110
70
0
5
n.a.
0%
Afghanistan (0%)
Citizenship
Reporting country
Afghanistan
4,945
6,415
5,015
18,280
35,280
93
25%
Austria (47%)
India
460
915
985
1,220
11,155
814
8%
Austria (73%)
Syria
3,895
3,470
3,020
5,115
9,350
83
7%
Austria (31%)
Ukraine
930
1,635
840
615
9,245
1,403
7%
Romania (43%)
Türkiye
1,925
3,810
1,495
3,970
7,700
94
5%
Austria (37%)
Pakistan
4,000
4,790
3,350
4,390
7,495
71
5%
Austria (31%)
Tunisia
490
685
505
2,130
7,300
243
5%
Austria (66%)
Iraq
5,780
4,780
2,730
3,740
4,910
31
3%
Poland (24%)
Bangladesh
955
1,450
1,255
2,615
4,465
71
3%
Greece (21%)
Morocco
1,485
2,355
2,500
1,880
4,420
135
3%
Austria (32%)
Egypt
490
885
975
1,210
3,325
175
2%
Italy (43%)
Georgia
2,035
1,955
1,920
1,605
2,395
49
2%
Germany (29%)
Algeria
1,675
2,410
1,395
1,520
2,185
44
2%
Switzerland (28%)
Nigeria
2,100
2,745
1,750
1,375
2,100
53
1%
Cyprus (34%)
Russia
2,615
2,180
1,380
720
1,825
153
1%
Poland (51%)
Other
20,415
25,275
18,070
19,770
27,325
38
19%
Germany (14%)
EU+
54,195
65,755
47,185
70,155
140,475
100
Afghanistan (25%)
':' Data not available
Source: Eurostat [migr_asywitha] as of 13 April 2023, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/migr_asywitha/default/table?lang=en
417
EUROPEAN UNION AGENCY FOR ASYLUM
Table 5: Unaccompanied minors in EU+ countries by
reporting country and main citizenship, 2018-2022
2022
% chg. on
Share in
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Highest share
Sparkline
last year
EU+
Reporting country
Citizenship
Austria
390
860
1,370
5,605
13,275
137
31%
Afghanistan (71%)
Germany
4,085
2,690
2,230
3,250
7,275
124
17%
Afghanistan (39%)
Netherlands
1,225
1,045
985
2,190
4,205
92
10%
Syria (58%)
Bulgaria
480
525
800
3,170
3,350
6
8%
Afghanistan (54%)
Greece
2,640
3,330
2,800
2,275
2,875
26
7%
Somalia (27%)
Belgium
750
1,220
1,210
1,780
2,275
28
5%
Afghanistan (61%)
Switzerland
435
490
600
1,100
2,090
90
5%
Afghanistan (80%)
Italy
3,885
660
520
1,495
1,655
11
4%
Pakistan (15%)
France
740
755
650
880
1,000
14
2%
Afghanistan (60%)
Cyprus
260
565
190
395
850
115
2%
Somalia (43%)
Norway
145
125
75
170
655
285
2%
Afghanistan (52%)
Sweden
900
875
500
525
650
24
2%
Afghanistan (28%)
Croatia
25
35
115
195
435
123
1%
Afghanistan (32%)
Denmark
240
195
145
115
315
174
1%
Afghanistan (52%)
Romania
135
185
980
1,745
270
-85
1%
Syria (44%)
Slovenia
555
670
550
780
255
-67
1%
Afghanistan (61%)
Finland
105
95
145
135
245
81
1%
Somalia (31%)
Poland
125
105
115
200
220
10
1%
Russia (25%)
Luxembourg
35
35
50
55
110
100
0%
Eritrea (41%)
Spain
75
100
45
45
95
111
0%
Mali (47%)
Portugal
40
45
95
65
55
-15
0%
Afghanistan (36%)
Ireland
15
50
30
55
40
-27
0%
Afghanistan (38%)
Malta
5
20
10
5
40
700
0%
Somalia (25%)
Slovakia
10
30
10
20
10
-50
0%
Afghanistan (50%)
Lithuania
0
0
0
120
10
-92
0%
Ukraine (50%)
Hungary
40
10
0
5
5
0
0%
n.a.
Latvia
5
5
0
15
5
-67
0%
n.a.
Czechia
10
10
0
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Estonia
0
0
0
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Liechtenstein
0
0
0
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Iceland
5
5
5
5
:
n.a.
:
n.a.
Citizenship
Reporting country
Afghanistan
3,105
4,450
5,830
13,195
19,680
49
47%
Austria (48%)
Syria
1,355
1,515
2,315
4,735
9,930
110
23%
Germany (28%)
Somalia
1,000
810
675
1,490
2,395
61
6%
Greece (32%)
Pakistan
1,365
1,350
1,090
1,160
1,365
18
3%
Austria (37%)
Egypt
175
320
390
460
955
108
2%
Austria (39%)
Eritrea
1,420
450
225
385
910
136
2%
Netherlands (66%)
Türkiye
95
105
90
130
740
469
2%
Germany (51%)
Bangladesh
430
355
490
1,340
570
-57
1%
Greece (51%)
Iraq
815
650
250
480
470
-2
1%
Germany (37%)
Tunisia
135
45
50
140
460
229
1%
Austria (64%)
Morocco
505
560
455
440
405
-8
1%
Austria (36%)
Guinea
1,225
795
400
305
340
11
1%
Germany (37%)
India
15
30
15
15
300
1,900
1%
Austria (90%)
Yemen
35
65
40
75
275
267
1%
Netherlands (69%)
Burundi
30
50
25
0
250
n.a.
1%
Croatia (48%)
Other
5,655
3,185
1,885
2,045
3,220
57
8%
Italy (17%)
EU+
17,360
14,735
14,225
26,395
42,265
60
Afghanistan (47%)
':' Data not available
Source: Eurostat [migr_asyunaa] as of 13 April 2023, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/migr_asyunaa/default/table?lang=en
418
ASYLUM REPORT 2023
Table 6: Refugee status at first instance in
EU+ countries by reporting country and main
citizenship, 2018-2022
2022
% chg. on
Share in
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Highest share
Sparkline
last year
EU+
Reporting country
Citizenship
Germany
41,370
45,050
37,820
32,065
40,910
28
28%
Syria (37%)
France
21,125
17,360
11,955
21,340
29,305
37
20%
Afghanistan (40%)
Greece
12,635
13,515
26,370
13,035
18,730
44
13%
Afghanistan (36%)
Austria
10,620
5,620
5,000
9,500
11,455
21
8%
Syria (74%)
Belgium
7,860
5,555
4,735
8,280
10,495
27
7%
Afghanistan (23%)
Netherlands
1,760
2,455
4,975
7,825
9,245
18
6%
Syria (41%)
Italy
6,490
10,120
4,580
7,380
7,610
3
5%
Afghanistan (40%)
Spain
575
1,640
4,360
5,355
6,815
27
5%
Afghanistan (22%)
Switzerland
6,190
5,395
5,260
5,240
4,715
0
3%
Türkiye (37%)
Sweden
5,990
3,300
2,830
2,075
2,200
6
1%
Afghanistan (30%)
Ireland
630
585
620
800
1,440
80
1%
Afghanistan (18%)
Norway
1,335
1,645
1,010
925
1,015
10
1%
Syria (48%)
Finland
1,765
1,295
850
855
960
12
1%
Afghanistan (25%)
Luxembourg
950
635
720
725
720
-1
0%
Eritrea (45%)
Portugal
220
60
75
225
615
173
0%
Afghanistan (85%)
Romania
305
320
210
515
490
-5
0%
Somalia (35%)
Denmark
825
645
205
360
395
10
0%
Afghanistan (32%)
Cyprus
195
150
150
310
335
8
0%
Iran (18%)
Poland
170
130
135
1,020
300
-71
0%
Belarus (43%)
Lithuania
120
80
80
405
290
-28
0%
Belarus (67%)
Latvia
25
30
5
65
210
223
0%
Afghanistan (57%)
Bulgaria
315
140
105
145
100
-31
0%
Syria (65%)
Iceland
85
90
80
50
75
50
0%
Afghanistan (33%)
Czechia
40
50
40
190
70
-63
0%
Afghanistan (50%)
Estonia
15
40
20
45
60
33
0%
Russia (58%)
Slovenia
100
80
85
15
40
167
0%
Syria (38%)
Croatia
115
55
35
70
20
-71
0%
Afghanistan (25%)
Slovakia
0
5
5
15
15
0
0%
Afghanistan (100%)
Malta
150
50
75
20
15
-25
0%
Libya (33%)
Hungary
70
20
85
20
10
-50
0%
Iran (50%)
Liechtenstein
0
5
0
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Citizenship
Reporting country
Afghanistan
10,725
6,915
8,755
20,105
40,215
100
27%
France (29%)
Syria
35,975
36,815
41,385
33,185
37,950
14
26%
Germany (40%)
Türkiye
6,520
9,400
9,150
7,925
9,250
17
6%
Germany (32%)
Eritrea
9,950
7,975
6,380
7,625
7,570
-1
5%
Germany (34%)
Iraq
11,235
9,040
6,820
5,225
6,110
17
4%
Germany (48%)
Somalia
4,310
3,645
4,145
4,935
5,855
19
4%
Germany (37%)
Palestine
1,505
1,990
2,705
3,015
3,220
7
2%
Greece (62%)
Unknown
2,515
2,780
2,690
2,875
3,050
6
2%
Germany (79%)
Iran
6,080
4,525
3,600
3,855
2,865
-26
2%
Germany (44%)
Guinea
2,010
1,920
1,915
2,955
2,540
-14
2%
France (68%)
Congo (DR)
2,060
1,620
1,280
1,595
2,030
27
1%
France (55%)
Côte d'Ivoire
1,155
1,200
1,255
1,970
1,905
-3
1%
France (86%)
Russia
2,490
1,805
1,280
1,310
1,740
33
1%
France (29%)
China
1,970
2,025
2,010
955
1,635
71
1%
France (71%)
Nigeria
2,450
3,250
1,840
1,750
1,545
-12
1%
Italy (49%)
Other
21,095
21,215
17,265
19,590
21,175
8
14%
France (34%)
EU+
122,045
116,120
112,475
118,870
148,655
25
Afghanistan (27%)
':' Data not available
Source: Eurostat [migr_asydcfsta] as of 13 April 2023, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/migr_asydcfsta/default/table?lang=en
419
EUROPEAN UNION AGENCY FOR ASYLUM
Table 7: Subsidiary protection status at first instance
in EU+ countries by reporting country and main
citizenship, 2018-2022
2022
% chg. on
Share in
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Highest share
Sparkline
last year
EU+
Reporting country
Citizenship
Germany
25,030
19,415
18,950
22,995
57,530
150
56%
Syria (91%)
Spain
2,320
1,540
1,390
2,025
7,385
265
7%
Mali (66%)
Italy
4,205
6,870
4,970
7,350
7,205
-2
7%
Ukraine (20%)
France
11,600
10,780
7,180
12,535
6,235
-50
6%
Somalia (18%)
Netherlands
1,485
1,830
2,820
2,865
5,045
76
5%
Syria (45%)
Austria
3,620
1,075
1,050
2,145
4,815
124
5%
Syria (61%)
Bulgaria
420
265
715
1,870
4,270
128
4%
Syria (85%)
Poland
190
130
220
1,135
3,570
215
3%
Belarus (70%)
Estonia
5
5
5
0
2,040
n.a.
2%
Ukraine (100%)
Iceland
20
205
285
200
840
320
1%
Venezuela (80%)
Sweden
3,985
2,300
1,365
520
655
26
1%
Syria (69%)
Switzerland
1,120
970
985
740
635
-14
1%
Eritrea (37%)
Romania
290
265
425
625
535
-14
1%
Syria (51%)
Greece
2,575
3,835
7,955
3,535
515
-85
0%
Somalia (23%)
Belgium
1,815
975
975
885
430
-51
0%
Somalia (30%)
Luxembourg
60
35
30
135
255
89
0%
Syria (96%)
Czechia
110
80
65
70
250
257
0%
Ukraine (66%)
Cyprus
1,015
1,150
1,530
1,985
235
-88
0%
Syria (70%)
Malta
475
345
190
155
170
10
0%
Syria (50%)
Slovenia
5
5
0
0
165
n.a.
0%
Ukraine (97%)
Finland
395
205
135
80
105
31
0%
Iraq (33%)
Ireland
180
120
120
70
70
0
0%
Somalia (14%)
Portugal
405
115
15
80
60
-25
0%
Afghanistan (17%)
Denmark
55
575
70
260
55
-79
0%
Eritrea (36%)
Norway
50
45
50
135
55
-59
0%
Afghanistan (55%)
Slovakia
35
20
20
15
45
200
0%
Afghanistan (67%)
Hungary
280
30
45
15
20
33
0%
Afghanistan (50%)
Latvia
5
5
15
25
20
-20
0%
Afghanistan (50%)
Lithuania
20
15
0
10
15
50
0%
South Sudan (33%)
Croatia
20
0
5
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Liechtenstein
5
5
10
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Citizenship
Reporting country
Syria
27,215
22,495
22,640
28,935
63,390
119
61%
Germany (82%)
Ukraine
535
510
450
580
7,425
1,180
7%
Estonia (27%)
Mali
530
710
565
2,145
5,725
167
6%
Spain (85%)
Afghanistan
11,460
9,100
12,920
13,745
4,415
-68
4%
Germany (43%)
Somalia
2,730
1,715
2,020
2,370
3,560
50
3%
France (31%)
Belarus
10
5
90
1,040
2,500
140
2%
Poland (99%)
Yemen
1,200
1,770
1,460
1,055
2,310
119
2%
Netherlands (51%)
Iraq
4,310
2,810
1,940
1,580
1,905
21
2%
Germany (42%)
Venezuela
225
1,245
935
775
1,230
59
1%
Iceland (55%)
Eritrea
3,885
2,280
1,350
1,470
1,120
-24
1%
Netherlands (34%)
Pakistan
760
990
715
1,205
1,020
-15
1%
Italy (90%)
Sudan
695
450
90
300
770
157
1%
France (49%)
Unknown
535
450
470
490
720
47
1%
Germany (78%)
Albania
860
685
270
315
550
75
1%
France (98%)
Burkina Faso
20
65
55
110
450
309
0%
Spain (53%)
Other
6,825
7,930
5,620
6,345
6,135
-3
6%
France (43%)
EU+
61,795
53,210
51,590
62,460
103,225
65
Syria (61%)
':' Data not available
Source: Eurostat [migr_asydcfsta] as of 13 April 2023, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/migr_asydcfsta/default/table?lang=en
420
ASYLUM REPORT 2023
Table 8: Humanitarian protection at first instance in
EU+ countries by reporting country and main
citizenship, 2018-2022
2022
% chg. on last
Share in
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Highest share
Sparkline
year
EU+
Reporting country
Citizenship
Germany
9,540
5,855
5,700
4,785
30,020
527
43%
Afghanistan (88%)
Spain
0
35,240
45,300
13,030
20,925
61
30%
Venezuela (98%)
Italy
19,970
1,385
2,035
7,080
10,865
53
15%
Bangladesh (13%)
Switzerland
7,920
4,425
3,945
3,035
4,530
49
6%
Afghanistan (66%)
Ireland
195
265
200
590
2,085
253
3%
Nigeria (19%)
Netherlands
375
560
820
1,375
890
-35
1%
Türkiye (44%)
Sweden
670
465
230
355
530
49
1%
Afghanistan (25%)
Austria
780
725
780
460
290
-37
0%
Russia (41%)
Finland
240
165
165
130
165
27
0%
Afghanistan (36%)
Denmark
435
355
145
160
60
-63
0%
Syria (75%)
Iceland
0
10
20
5
40
700
0%
Honduras (38%)
Norway
75
100
80
40
30
-25
0%
Afghanistan (33%)
Slovakia
10
15
10
15
10
-33
0%
Afghanistan (50%)
Malta
25
15
5
5
10
100
0%
Libya (50%)
Liechtenstein
5
5
0
0
5
n.a.
0%
Afghanistan (100%)
Poland
15
5
15
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Czechia
5
5
5
5
0
-100
0%
n.a.
Hungary
20
5
5
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Romania
0
0
0
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Greece
0
0
0
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Cyprus
0
0
0
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Lithuania
0
0
0
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Croatia
0
0
0
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Estonia
0
0
0
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Slovenia
:
:
:
:
:
n.a.
:
n.a.
Bulgaria
:
:
:
:
:
n.a.
:
n.a.
Portugal
:
:
:
:
:
n.a.
:
n.a.
France
:
:
:
:
:
n.a.
:
n.a.
Luxembourg
:
:
:
:
:
n.a.
:
n.a.
Belgium
:
:
:
:
:
n.a.
:
n.a.
Latvia
:
:
:
:
:
n.a.
:
n.a.
Citizenship
Reporting country
Afghanistan
8,460
4,190
4,320
4,195
29,750
609
42%
Germany (89%)
Venezuela
145
35,195
45,385
13,030
20,975
61
30%
Spain (98%)
Nigeria
4,235
770
845
1,425
1,980
39
3%
Italy (66%)
Pakistan
1,495
295
220
985
1,715
74
2%
Italy (83%)
Iraq
2,455
1,325
1,195
915
1,650
80
2%
Germany (77%)
Bangladesh
2,635
135
310
645
1,525
136
2%
Italy (94%)
Georgia
295
75
125
290
805
178
1%
Italy (67%)
Somalia
1,110
740
475
515
795
54
1%
Germany (65%)
Syria
2,205
1,945
1,150
825
760
-8
1%
Switzerland (47%)
Mali
1,255
85
85
455
690
52
1%
Italy (99%)
Türkiye
370
365
490
365
595
63
1%
Netherlands (66%)
Albania
175
70
80
285
540
89
1%
Italy (65%)
Gambia, The
2,315
130
105
265
445
68
1%
Italy (92%)
Colombia
50
25
180
215
415
93
1%
Italy (47%)
Senegal
1,355
75
100
325
385
18
1%
Italy (97%)
Other
11,725
4,180
4,395
6,335
7,430
17
11%
Italy (52%)
EU+
40,280
49,600
59,460
31,070
70,455
127
Afghanistan (42%)
':' Data not available
Source: Eurostat [migr_asydcfsta] as of 13 April 2023, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/migr_asydcfsta/default/table?lang=en
421
EUROPEAN UNION AGENCY FOR ASYLUM
Table 9: Rejections at first instance in EU+ countries by
reporting country and main citizenship, 2018-2022
2022
% chg. on
Share in
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Highest share
Sparkline
last year
EU+
Reporting country
Citizenship
France
82,325
85,750
67,200
103,140
94,195
-9
29%
Bangladesh (8%)
Germany
103,175
83,855
66,120
72,830
69,075
-5
21%
Iraq (19%)
Spain
8,980
19,615
73,740
50,580
48,260
-5
15%
Colombia (32%)
Italy
64,540
75,110
29,215
21,745
27,385
26
8%
Bangladesh (20%)
Austria
19,500
6,465
3,660
6,655
22,440
237
7%
Tunisia (28%)
Greece
17,130
15,350
27,830
20,630
19,405
-6
6%
Pakistan (23%)
Belgium
9,340
10,640
10,650
11,865
13,105
10
4%
Afghanistan (24%)
Cyprus
1,265
1,975
1,695
9,980
8,425
-16
3%
Pakistan (24%)
Sweden
20,690
14,655
12,790
7,260
6,615
-9
2%
Afghanistan (10%)
Romania
700
730
1,870
2,960
3,045
3
1%
India (29%)
Netherlands
6,665
8,095
4,965
4,435
2,220
-50
1%
Syria (9%)
Switzerland
1,775
1,525
1,090
895
1,590
78
0%
Ukraine (12%)
Finland
2,035
3,180
1,895
1,235
1,365
11
0%
Iraq (38%)
Poland
2,125
1,730
1,630
1,455
1,320
-9
0%
Russia (39%)
Malta
855
635
605
630
1,075
71
0%
Sudan (26%)
Ireland
170
895
330
85
880
935
0%
Pakistan (18%)
Czechia
1,230
1,255
855
675
775
15
0%
Vietnam (14%)
Denmark
1,315
1,455
765
750
470
-37
0%
Georgia (14%)
Bulgaria
1,370
850
1,375
1,255
445
-65
0%
Morocco (18%)
Lithuania
135
230
265
2,860
435
-85
0%
Iraq (41%)
Iceland
275
400
200
305
275
-10
0%
Palestine (24%)
Norway
660
665
420
215
270
26
0%
Albania (9%)
Luxembourg
400
510
415
310
270
-13
0%
Venezuela (15%)
Portugal
415
570
325
200
195
-3
0%
Morocco (15%)
Latvia
95
120
95
115
165
43
0%
Iraq (45%)
Slovenia
135
130
215
155
140
-10
0%
Morocco (25%)
Estonia
55
45
45
30
90
200
0%
Russia (56%)
Croatia
300
265
250
365
80
-78
0%
Türkiye (31%)
Slovakia
40
55
40
85
75
-12
0%
Morocco (20%)
Liechtenstein
30
20
15
10
10
0
0%
North Macedonia (50%)
Hungary
590
650
345
20
5
-75
0%
Afghanistan (0%)
Citizenship
Reporting country
Pakistan
21,470
21,130
16,940
20,345
21,455
5
7%
Italy (24%)
Colombia
1,450
5,880
41,510
20,435
19,060
-7
6%
Spain (82%)
Bangladesh
13,655
14,200
9,805
15,765
19,010
21
6%
France (39%)
Georgia
13,645
18,165
8,810
10,515
17,805
69
5%
France (41%)
Iraq
22,340
17,295
12,735
12,890
17,410
35
5%
Germany (76%)
Türkiye
7,555
8,030
10,400
10,490
14,770
41
5%
France (46%)
Nigeria
26,600
25,335
14,410
16,855
12,735
-24
4%
France (33%)
Afghanistan
30,090
15,805
17,680
14,680
12,630
-14
4%
France (41%)
Albania
15,845
17,785
8,735
7,595
11,160
47
3%
France (58%)
Morocco
4,595
6,965
4,960
5,895
10,045
70
3%
Spain (41%)
Tunisia
1,795
2,810
2,365
3,155
9,355
197
3%
Austria (68%)
India
2,520
3,100
2,315
4,280
7,980
86
2%
Austria (60%)
Venezuela
2,285
1,470
2,495
4,045
6,920
71
2%
Spain (74%)
Egypt
2,945
3,470
2,775
3,550
6,665
88
2%
Italy (50%)
Congo (DR)
4,790
3,895
4,480
6,465
6,435
0
2%
France (62%)
Other
176,735
172,090
150,495
166,770
130,665
-22
40%
France (35%)
EU+
348,315
337,425
310,910
323,730
324,100
0
Pakistan (7%)
':' Data not available
Source: Eurostat [migr_asydcfsta] as of 13 April 2023, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/migr_asydcfsta/default/table?lang=en
422
ASYLUM REPORT 2023
Table 10: Decisions at first instance in EU+ countries by
reporting country and main citizenship, 2018-2022
2022
% chg. on
Share in
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Highest share
Sparkline
last year
EU+
Reporting country
Citizenship
Germany
179,115
154,175
128,590
132,680
197,540
49
31%
Syria (36%)
France
115,045
113,890
86,330
137,015
129,735
-5
20%
Afghanistan (13%)
Spain
11,875
58,035
124,795
70,985
83,385
17
13%
Venezuela (31%)
Italy
95,210
93,485
40,795
43,550
53,060
22
8%
Pakistan (15%)
Austria
34,525
13,890
10,495
18,760
39,000
108
6%
Syria (30%)
Greece
32,340
32,700
62,155
37,205
38,645
4
6%
Afghanistan (20%)
Belgium
19,020
17,170
16,360
21,030
24,025
14
4%
Afghanistan (23%)
Netherlands
10,285
12,940
13,580
16,505
17,400
5
3%
Syria (37%)
Switzerland
17,000
12,315
11,275
9,910
11,475
16
2%
Afghanistan (32%)
Sweden
31,335
20,720
17,215
10,215
10,005
-2
2%
Afghanistan (15%)
Cyprus
2,475
3,275
3,375
12,270
8,995
-27
1%
Pakistan (23%)
Poland
2,500
1,995
2,000
3,610
5,190
44
1%
Belarus (51%)
Bulgaria
2,110
1,250
2,195
3,270
4,815
47
1%
Syria (78%)
Ireland
1,175
1,870
1,275
1,545
4,470
189
1%
Nigeria (13%)
Romania
1,295
1,315
2,505
4,100
4,070
-1
1%
India (22%)
Finland
4,440
4,845
3,045
2,300
2,595
13
0%
Iraq (28%)
Estonia
75
90
70
75
2,195
2,827
0%
Ukraine (93%)
Norway
2,115
2,455
1,565
1,315
1,370
4
0%
Syria (38%)
Malta
1,500
1,040
875
810
1,270
57
0%
Sudan (22%)
Luxembourg
1,410
1,180
1,165
1,170
1,245
6
0%
Syria (39%)
Iceland
380
710
585
555
1,225
121
0%
Venezuela (60%)
Czechia
1,385
1,390
960
935
1,100
18
0%
Ukraine (23%)
Denmark
2,625
3,030
1,185
1,525
985
-35
0%
Syria (20%)
Portugal
1,045
745
420
505
865
71
0%
Afghanistan (61%)
Lithuania
270
325
350
3,275
740
-77
0%
Belarus (29%)
Latvia
125
150
120
200
400
100
0%
Afghanistan (33%)
Slovenia
235
215
300
175
345
97
0%
Ukraine (46%)
Slovakia
80
90
80
130
150
15
0%
Afghanistan (33%)
Croatia
435
320
295
435
100
-77
0%
Türkiye (25%)
Hungary
960
710
475
60
35
-42
0%
Afghanistan (29%)
Liechtenstein
40
35
25
15
15
0
0%
Afghanistan (33%)
Citizenship
Reporting country
Syria
74,295
71,430
76,480
86,940
108,390
25
17%
Germany (65%)
Afghanistan
60,750
36,025
43,675
52,760
87,015
65
13%
Germany (44%)
Venezuela
3,225
38,870
49,455
18,480
29,685
61
5%
Spain (87%)
Iraq
40,370
30,485
22,695
20,615
27,080
31
4%
Germany (67%)
Pakistan
24,855
23,780
18,875
23,740
25,410
7
4%
Italy (30%)
Türkiye
14,590
17,985
20,265
19,000
24,880
31
4%
Germany (37%)
Bangladesh
17,045
15,285
10,605
17,070
21,295
25
3%
France (37%)
Colombia
1,735
6,335
42,615
22,245
20,780
-7
3%
Spain (79%)
Georgia
14,325
18,935
9,240
11,095
19,320
74
3%
France (40%)
Nigeria
33,625
29,790
17,370
20,515
16,690
-19
3%
Italy (36%)
Somalia
15,010
11,820
10,830
13,335
16,420
23
3%
Germany (27%)
Albania
17,170
18,860
9,235
8,360
12,495
49
2%
France (58%)
Morocco
5,340
7,615
5,520
6,600
10,865
65
2%
Spain (40%)
Eritrea
16,805
13,010
9,800
11,245
10,315
-8
2%
Germany (34%)
Mali
8,685
8,505
4,130
6,180
10,090
63
2%
Spain (50%)
Other
224,600
207,625
183,665
197,950
205,715
4
32%
France (29%)
EU+
572,425
556,355
534,455
536,130
646,445
21
Syria (17%)
':' Data not available
Source: Eurostat [migr_asydcfsta] as of 13 April 2023, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/migr_asydcfsta/default/table?lang=en
423
EUROPEAN UNION AGENCY FOR ASYLUM
Table 11: Refugee status at second or higher instances
in EU+ countries by reporting country and main
citizenship, 2018-2022
2022
% chg. on
Share in
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Highest share
Sparkline
last year
EU+
Reporting country
Citizenship
France
6,015
9,335
6,115
10,015
10,515
5
39%
Afghanistan (14%)
Germany
19,980
13,275
7,895
8,110
8,565
6
32%
Iran (23%)
Austria
4,195
4,350
3,260
2,645
2,465
-7
9%
Syria (36%)
Sweden
2,045
1,845
1,245
1,285
1,235
-4
5%
Afghanistan (54%)
Netherlands
400
350
440
770
1,035
34
4%
Iran (34%)
Italy
825
895
615
750
815
9
3%
Nigeria (58%)
Greece
175
295
480
730
730
0
3%
Afghanistan (38%)
Ireland
185
360
410
300
485
62
2%
Zimbabwe (18%)
Finland
925
665
640
865
385
-55
1%
Afghanistan (40%)
Lithuania
5
0
0
440
315
-28
1%
Belarus (65%)
Belgium
475
330
275
595
225
-62
1%
Palestine (27%)
Denmark
200
125
120
40
110
175
0%
Afghanistan (32%)
Switzerland
170
155
150
120
100
-17
0%
Syria (30%)
Spain
45
10
20
55
60
9
0%
Syria (33%)
Norway
110
80
50
75
55
-27
0%
Afghanistan (27%)
Czechia
5
10
0
10
25
150
0%
Azerbaijan (40%)
Croatia
15
5
35
70
20
-71
0%
Afghanistan (25%)
Romania
15
25
30
10
10
0
0%
Iraq (50%)
Cyprus
5
15
0
15
10
-33
0%
Lebanon (50%)
Latvia
0
10
0
15
10
-33
0%
Afghanistan (50%)
Bulgaria
0
10
0
5
5
0
0%
Afghanistan (0%)
Slovenia
0
15
5
5
5
0
0%
Congo (DR) (100%)
Slovakia
0
5
0
10
5
-50
0%
Afghanistan (0%)
Poland
20
5
0
0
5
n.a.
0%
Belarus (100%)
Hungary
0
0
0
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Portugal
0
0
0
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Malta
0
5
0
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Luxembourg
5
0
0
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Liechtenstein
0
0
0
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Estonia
0
0
5
5
0
-100
0%
n.a.
Iceland
30
15
55
10
:
n.a.
:
n.a.
Citizenship
Reporting country
Afghanistan
6,360
6,530
4,790
4,895
4,685
-4
17%
France (31%)
Iran
2,440
2,790
2,765
3,250
3,225
-1
12%
Germany (62%)
Syria
11,950
5,805
1,930
2,725
2,935
8
11%
Germany (34%)
Türkiye
835
1,475
1,285
1,910
2,390
25
9%
France (50%)
Nigeria
775
1,075
755
1,170
1,540
32
6%
France (54%)
Russia
445
680
555
665
1,040
56
4%
Germany (63%)
Iraq
2,075
1,900
1,595
1,450
1,035
-29
4%
Germany (43%)
Côte d'Ivoire
210
660
320
690
910
32
3%
France (95%)
Pakistan
1,105
1,175
915
875
850
-3
3%
Germany (59%)
Guinea
600
930
945
1,155
815
-29
3%
France (85%)
Somalia
975
865
735
720
645
-10
2%
France (45%)
Bangladesh
520
590
370
730
555
-24
2%
France (92%)
Congo (DR)
475
520
285
475
485
2
2%
France (78%)
Sri Lanka
285
355
325
525
405
-23
1%
France (89%)
Sudan
680
855
510
375
340
-9
1%
France (84%)
Other
6,115
5,985
3,765
5,340
5,335
0
20%
France (46%)
EU+
35,845
32,190
21,845
26,950
27,190
1
Afghanistan (17%)
':' Data not available
Source: Eurostat [migr_asydcfina] as of 13 April 2023, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/migr_asydcfina/default/table?lang=en
424
ASYLUM REPORT 2023
Table 12: Subsidiary protection status at second or
higher instances in EU+ countries by reporting country
and main citizenship, 2018-2022
2022
% chg. on last
Share in
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Highest share
Sparkline
year
EU+
Reporting country
Citizenship
Germany
27,660
18,330
12,145
7,460
7,780
4
43%
Syria (70%)
France
2,705
4,645
4,140
5,100
3,935
-23
22%
Somalia (14%)
Italy
4,365
3,840
2,790
2,025
2,375
17
13%
Mali (40%)
Austria
1,065
1,265
1,600
2,285
1,170
-49
6%
Afghanistan (53%)
Greece
95
310
565
1,130
1,130
0
6%
Afghanistan (80%)
Netherlands
625
525
540
1,005
740
-26
4%
Syria (24%)
Spain
15
0
0
5
540
10,700
3%
Ukraine (95%)
Sweden
855
380
230
150
225
50
1%
Syria (49%)
Romania
55
30
45
60
75
25
0%
Afghanistan (47%)
Czechia
5
5
10
50
65
30
0%
Ukraine (92%)
Belgium
95
75
45
55
60
9
0%
Palestine (33%)
Ireland
45
45
45
35
30
-14
0%
Albania (17%)
Finland
310
250
130
80
25
-69
0%
Iraq (40%)
Bulgaria
20
35
15
5
20
300
0%
Iraq (75%)
Lithuania
0
0
0
10
20
100
0%
Syria (50%)
Switzerland
30
30
45
40
15
-63
0%
Iran (67%)
Denmark
130
80
30
25
15
-40
0%
Afghanistan (33%)
Norway
25
25
5
5
10
100
0%
Eritrea (50%)
Latvia
0
10
0
0
5
n.a.
0%
Congo (DR) (100%)
Poland
30
10
10
10
0
-100
0%
n.a.
Slovakia
0
0
0
5
0
-100
0%
n.a.
Malta
5
15
5
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Cyprus
10
0
0
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Croatia
5
0
5
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Liechtenstein
0
0
5
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Slovenia
0
0
0
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Portugal
0
0
0
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Hungary
0
0
0
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Luxembourg
0
0
0
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Estonia
0
0
0
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Iceland
20
35
50
30
:
n.a.
:
n.a.
Citizenship
Reporting country
Syria
20,315
12,330
8,495
5,320
5,920
11
32%
Germany (92%)
Afghanistan
3,555
4,145
4,375
4,920
2,500
-49
14%
Greece (36%)
Ukraine
70
65
30
55
1,500
2,627
8%
Italy (37%)
Mali
795
940
1,450
1,165
1,050
-10
6%
Italy (90%)
Iraq
3,485
2,870
2,160
1,790
885
-51
5%
Germany (36%)
Somalia
950
870
730
720
745
3
4%
France (74%)
Eritrea
1,230
985
765
810
445
-45
2%
Germany (58%)
Nigeria
1,380
1,050
440
360
370
3
2%
France (39%)
Congo (DR)
105
155
90
205
350
71
2%
France (89%)
Yemen
135
225
160
180
330
83
2%
Germany (76%)
Pakistan
1,190
790
420
245
285
16
2%
Italy (86%)
Bangladesh
310
400
220
375
275
-27
2%
France (93%)
Russia
165
175
130
235
265
13
1%
France (53%)
Guinea
245
300
220
305
260
-15
1%
France (52%)
Côte d'Ivoire
185
235
120
220
255
16
1%
France (88%)
Other
4,055
4,405
2,650
2,665
2,800
5
15%
France (47%)
EU+
38,170
29,940
22,455
19,570
18,235
-7
Syria (32%)
':' Data not available
Source: Eurostat [migr_asydcfina] as of 13 April 2023, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/migr_asydcfina/default/table?lang=en
425
EUROPEAN UNION AGENCY FOR ASYLUM
Table 13: Humanitarian protection at second or higher
instances in EU+ countries by reporting country and
main citizenship, 2018-2022
2022
% chg. on
Share in
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Highest share
Sparkline
last year
EU+
Reporting country
Citizenship
Germany
15,975
14,300
15,520
14,005
14,560
4
51%
Afghanistan (65%)
Italy
12,025
7,900
6,285
9,085
10,790
19
38%
Nigeria (27%)
Austria
420
685
1,290
1,810
1,080
-40
4%
Iraq (28%)
Sweden
6,115
3,530
1,340
850
890
5
3%
Afghanistan (20%)
Ireland
40
170
135
600
850
42
3%
Georgia (22%)
Netherlands
150
120
100
265
290
9
1%
Iran (36%)
Norway
140
105
120
115
125
9
0%
Eritrea (20%)
Finland
320
300
120
95
80
-16
0%
Iraq (38%)
Switzerland
120
70
125
75
55
-27
0%
Afghanistan (9%)
Spain
10
95
115
50
40
-20
0%
Venezuela (50%)
Denmark
5
0
0
0
5
n.a.
0%
Congo (DR) (100%)
Greece
325
640
370
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Poland
15
0
10
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Slovakia
0
0
5
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Hungary
0
0
0
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Romania
0
0
0
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Czechia
0
0
0
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Malta
0
0
0
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Cyprus
0
0
0
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Lithuania
0
0
0
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Liechtenstein
0
0
0
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Croatia
0
0
0
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Estonia
0
0
0
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Iceland
40
20
95
15
:
n.a.
:
n.a.
Slovenia
:
:
:
:
:
n.a.
:
n.a.
Bulgaria
:
:
:
:
:
n.a.
:
n.a.
Portugal
:
:
:
:
:
n.a.
:
n.a.
France
:
:
:
:
:
n.a.
:
n.a.
Luxembourg
:
:
:
:
:
n.a.
:
n.a.
Belgium
:
:
:
:
:
n.a.
:
n.a.
Latvia
:
:
:
:
:
n.a.
:
n.a.
Citizenship
Reporting country
Afghanistan
16,530
11,165
8,955
8,295
9,745
17
34%
Germany (97%)
Nigeria
2,865
2,265
2,195
3,030
3,580
18
12%
Italy (81%)
Iraq
1,015
1,820
2,455
2,445
1,700
-30
6%
Germany (72%)
Pakistan
2,010
1,105
895
1,260
1,535
22
5%
Italy (81%)
Bangladesh
1,795
1,480
1,235
1,350
1,110
-18
4%
Italy (95%)
Gambia, The
1,375
920
730
870
1,110
28
4%
Italy (93%)
Senegal
1,190
635
590
800
1,025
28
4%
Italy (99%)
Guinea
510
410
385
560
700
25
2%
Italy (78%)
Ghana
590
380
385
560
655
17
2%
Italy (94%)
Côte d'Ivoire
715
550
415
645
625
-3
2%
Italy (94%)
Somalia
675
650
560
465
485
4
2%
Germany (87%)
Russia
320
355
405
460
415
-10
1%
Austria (48%)
Georgia
95
145
130
185
415
124
1%
Ireland (45%)
Iran
190
180
270
290
355
22
1%
Germany (32%)
Albania
230
325
150
245
350
43
1%
Italy (51%)
Other
5,595
5,550
5,875
5,505
4,960
-10
17%
Germany (43%)
EU+
35,700
27,935
25,630
26,965
28,765
7
Afghanistan (34%)
':' Data not available
Source: Eurostat [migr_asydcfina] as of 13 April 2023, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/migr_asydcfina/default/table?lang=en
426
ASYLUM REPORT 2023
Table 14: Rejections at second or higher instances in
EU+ countries by reporting country and main
citizenship, 2018-2022
2022
% chg. on
Share in
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Highest share
Sparkline
last year
EU+
Reporting country
Citizenship
France
37,700
52,470
31,575
31,785
51,825
63
35%
Bangladesh (11%)
Germany
82,855
85,140
64,530
51,720
44,170
-15
30%
Iraq (13%)
Greece
6,605
11,070
22,340
13,785
15,780
14
11%
Pakistan (28%)
Sweden
15,965
13,725
11,240
8,345
5,975
-28
4%
Iraq (9%)
Italy
25,755
22,870
14,120
6,945
5,360
-23
4%
Nigeria (25%)
Belgium
5,675
4,840
6,365
5,890
5,085
-14
3%
El Salvador (7%)
Cyprus
465
750
530
2,590
4,250
64
3%
Bangladesh (32%)
Spain
905
725
290
2,110
3,295
56
2%
Colombia (48%)
Austria
4,810
5,015
3,825
3,175
2,295
-28
2%
Iraq (14%)
Switzerland
2,965
2,710
2,435
1,875
1,755
-6
1%
Sri Lanka (17%)
Poland
1,435
830
1,920
1,885
1,570
0
1%
Russia (51%)
Netherlands
780
1,080
1,240
1,605
1,030
-36
1%
Nigeria (30%)
Ireland
380
600
405
10
935
9,250
1%
Georgia (20%)
Lithuania
20
0
10
2,770
550
-80
0%
Iraq (45%)
Norway
1,850
910
780
490
430
-12
0%
Iran (17%)
Malta
665
470
495
605
415
-31
0%
Egypt (17%)
Czechia
395
395
395
395
395
0
0%
Ukraine (39%)
Portugal
465
550
790
460
325
-29
0%
The Gambia (15%)
Denmark
1,625
1,105
605
365
285
-22
0%
Iran (12%)
Finland
3,625
3,045
2,390
1,280
280
-78
0%
Iraq (48%)
Romania
175
165
165
245
240
-2
0%
Afghanistan (48%)
Luxembourg
250
170
105
165
160
-3
0%
Iraq (13%)
Croatia
65
20
115
290
80
-72
0%
Türkiye (38%)
Latvia
40
55
55
50
50
0
0%
Iraq (30%)
Slovenia
85
90
130
55
40
-27
0%
Algeria (13%)
Estonia
30
45
15
25
20
-20
0%
Belarus (25%)
Liechtenstein
50
10
10
5
15
200
0%
Albania (33%)
Slovakia
20
30
15
15
5
-67
0%
Afghanistan (0%)
Bulgaria
15
20
0
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Hungary
0
0
0
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Iceland
285
275
110
210
:
n.a.
:
n.a.
Citizenship
Reporting country
Nigeria
13,745
14,845
12,165
11,730
11,095
-5
8%
Germany (39%)
Pakistan
14,020
14,425
14,390
8,645
10,140
17
7%
Greece (44%)
Bangladesh
6,650
6,955
5,750
6,770
10,115
49
7%
France (59%)
Iraq
15,235
15,130
13,520
12,280
9,295
-24
6%
Germany (64%)
Türkiye
3,035
4,195
4,155
5,350
7,495
40
5%
France (47%)
Georgia
6,245
11,040
6,860
3,135
6,795
117
5%
France (37%)
Afghanistan
21,275
18,730
15,500
9,940
6,055
-39
4%
France (32%)
Albania
10,535
10,945
7,020
2,315
5,265
127
4%
France (43%)
Iran
4,240
5,165
5,115
5,500
5,020
-9
3%
Germany (65%)
Russia
6,875
6,970
6,530
6,415
4,795
-25
3%
Germany (54%)
Guinea
4,580
6,050
5,930
5,700
4,785
-16
3%
France (65%)
Congo (DR)
2,640
2,935
2,235
3,555
4,100
15
3%
France (65%)
Côte d'Ivoire
3,355
5,225
2,910
3,730
4,035
8
3%
France (79%)
Somalia
3,155
3,370
3,150
2,990
2,890
-3
2%
France (32%)
Colombia
295
625
770
1,220
2,635
116
2%
Spain (60%)
Other
80,075
82,575
61,000
49,870
52,100
4
36%
France (35%)
EU+
195,955
209,180
167,000
139,145
146,615
5
Nigeria (8%)
':' Data not available
Source: Eurostat [migr_asydcfina] as of 13 April 2023, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/migr_asydcfina/default/table?lang=en
427
EUROPEAN UNION AGENCY FOR ASYLUM
Table 15: Decisions at second or higher instances in
EU+ countries by reporting country and main
citizenship, 2018-2022
2022
% chg. on
Share in
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Highest share
Sparkline
last year
EU+
Reporting country
Citizenship
Germany
146,470
131,050
100,095
81,300
75,075
-8
34%
Afghanistan (17%)
France
46,415
66,450
41,830
46,895
66,275
41
30%
Bangladesh (10%)
Italy
42,970
35,500
23,810
18,805
19,335
3
9%
Nigeria (25%)
Greece
7,200
12,315
23,755
15,645
17,640
13
8%
Pakistan (25%)
Sweden
24,980
19,480
14,055
10,630
8,325
-22
4%
Afghanistan (16%)
Austria
10,490
11,320
9,970
9,915
7,010
-29
3%
Afghanistan (19%)
Belgium
6,240
5,245
6,685
6,540
5,370
-18
2%
El Salvador (7%)
Cyprus
480
770
530
2,605
4,255
63
2%
Bangladesh (32%)
Spain
975
830
425
2,215
3,930
77
2%
Colombia (41%)
Netherlands
1,955
2,080
2,320
3,645
3,100
-15
1%
Iran (17%)
Ireland
645
1,180
990
940
2,300
0
1%
Georgia (18%)
Switzerland
3,285
2,970
2,755
2,115
1,925
-9
1%
Sri Lanka (16%)
Poland
1,495
840
1,940
1,895
1,575
-17
1%
Russia (51%)
Lithuania
25
0
15
3,220
885
-73
0%
Iraq (30%)
Finland
5,175
4,260
3,280
2,315
770
-67
0%
Iraq (42%)
Norway
2,130
1,120
950
685
625
-9
0%
Iran (18%)
Czechia
405
415
405
455
485
7
0%
Ukraine (43%)
Malta
670
495
505
605
420
-31
0%
Egypt (17%)
Denmark
1,965
1,310
755
425
415
-2
0%
Afghanistan (16%)
Romania
245
215
240
315
325
3
0%
Afghanistan (46%)
Portugal
465
550
790
460
325
-29
0%
The Gambia (15%)
Luxembourg
255
170
110
165
160
-3
0%
Iraq (13%)
Croatia
85
25
155
360
100
-72
0%
Türkiye (30%)
Latvia
40
75
55
65
65
0
0%
Iraq (23%)
Slovenia
85
110
135
55
50
-9
0%
Algeria (10%)
Bulgaria
35
65
20
15
25
67
0%
Iraq (60%)
Estonia
30
45
20
35
20
-43
0%
Belarus (25%)
Liechtenstein
55
10
10
5
15
200
0%
Albania (33%)
Slovakia
25
30
20
30
10
-67
0%
Morocco (50%)
Hungary
0
0
0
0
0
n.a.
0%
n.a.
Iceland
375
350
310
265
:
n.a.
:
n.a.
Citizenship
Reporting country
Afghanistan
47,725
40,570
33,625
28,045
22,980
-18
10%
Germany (54%)
Nigeria
18,775
19,245
15,560
16,290
16,585
2
8%
France (31%)
Iraq
21,835
21,720
19,720
17,960
12,925
-28
6%
Germany (62%)
Pakistan
18,320
17,510
16,625
11,025
12,820
16
6%
Greece (35%)
Bangladesh
9,280
9,435
7,600
9,230
12,055
31
5%
France (56%)
Syria
35,295
21,610
15,725
11,715
11,580
-1
5%
Germany (67%)
Türkiye
4,005
5,810
5,615
7,450
10,105
36
5%
France (47%)
Iran
6,990
8,290
8,270
9,190
8,765
-5
4%
Germany (63%)
Georgia
6,455
11,425
7,110
3,410
7,400
117
3%
France (35%)
Guinea
5,950
7,690
7,490
7,715
6,550
-15
3%
France (60%)
Russia
7,795
8,190
7,635
7,790
6,510
-16
3%
Germany (54%)
Albania
11,410
11,775
7,380
2,730
5,835
114
3%
France (41%)
Côte d'Ivoire
4,460
6,670
3,780
5,295
5,815
10
3%
France (73%)
Congo (DR)
3,295
3,695
2,725
4,275
5,020
17
2%
France (67%)
Somalia
5,760
5,775
5,180
4,905
4,780
-3
2%
France (37%)
Other
98,315
99,865
72,895
65,595
71,085
8
32%
France (32%)
EU+
305,665
299,275
236,935
212,620
220,810
4
Afghanistan (10%)
':' Data not available
Source: Eurostat [migr_asydcfina] as of 13 April 2023, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/migr_asydcfina/default/table?lang=en
428
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