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F o r b r a s s ( c a t h o d i c d e g r e a s i n g ) Sodium phosphate . . . . . • • . • . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . . . . . . . • • . • • Sodium carbonate . . . • . . . . . • . . . • . • • • • . • . . . . . . . . . . . . • . Soap or dextrin (optional) . . . . . . . • • . • • . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Solution temperature, •c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Current density, amp/ dm2 • . • . . • • . • . . • • . . . . . • . . . . • • . . • . Duration of degreasing, min . . . . • . . . . • • . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . F o r n i c k e l ( c a t h o d i c d e g r e a s i n g o n l y ) Caustic soda Sodium carbonate . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . • . . . . . . • . . . . . • . . . . Solution temperature , •c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Current density , amp/dm2 . . . . . • • . • . • • . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Duration of degreasing, min . . . . • • . . . . • • . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . 25- 30 g/1 3- 5 g/1 5D-- 70 3- 10 1-2 1 D--20 g/1 3- 10 Up to 3 Electrochemical pickling is performed both at the cathode and at the anode . The electrolyte used in anodic pickling is an acid solution or a solu tion of the salts of the corresponding metal . The part to be pickled serves as anode, and the cathode is made of lead, copper, or iron, etc . The cur rent density is 5 - 1 0 amp / dm 2 and the voltage is between 3 and 1 0 v. The electrolyte us ed in cathodic pickling is a mixture of sulfuric and hydrochloric acids . The anode is made of lead, a lead -antimony alloy ( 6 - 1 0 o/o Sb ), or silicon cast iron (20-24 % Si ). The part to be pickled consti tutes the cathode . The current density is roughly the same as in anodic Electrochemical pickling is speedier than chemical pickling and us es less acid. It is also less harmful than chemical pickling, as it uses weaker solutions . After pickling, the parts are rinsed in hot and cold water . Before electroplating, copper and copper-alloy parts are processed in a solution of hydrochloric acid (40 to 6 0 g / 1 ) or of potass ium cyanide (40 to 60 g / 1 ) . This variant of pickling removes the oxide film on the metal sur face and exposes the metal structure for bette r adhesion of the coating. The s olution is at room temperature and the parts are held in it for 2 0 to 30 sec, afte r which they are rinsed in cold running water . ELECTROPLATING Electroplating involve s the electrodeposition of a metallic coating 0 . 0005- - 0 . 1 mm thick on a metallic part from an electrolyte . The electrolyte is an electroconductive solution of metallic salts and is connected in the d . c . circuit by means of conductors called electrodes . The electrode connected to the pos itive pole of the current source is called the a n o d e, and that connected to the negative pole is the c a t h o d e . The part to be plated is used as cathode in the electroplating process, while the anode is a plate consisting of the metal which is to be depos ited (Figure 2 1 ). This type of anode dissolves with the deposition of metal on the cathode and its weight accordingly dec reases , and necess itates periodic replacement . Insoluble anodes are used for certain types of plating: for example , lead anodes for chromium -plating. 3 5 3 |