Military reference books and manuals (2009-2023, Volume 7)

Glossary

SJA

staff judge advocate

S-level

equipment on-hand level

SME

subject matter expert

SOP

standing operating procedure

SSO

special security officer

training circular

TDA

table of distribution and allowances

T-level

training level

TOC

tactical operations center

TOE

table of organization and equipment

TRADOC

United States Army Training and Doctrine Command

ULLS

unit level logistics system

UMT

unit ministry team

U.S.

United States

USAIC

United States Army Intelligence Center

USD (I)

Undersecretary of Defense for Intelligence

USR

unit status report

warrant officer

Glossary-4

TC 2-22.304

3 August 2009

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

References

REQUIRED PUBLICATIONS

These documents must be available to the intended user of this publication.

JOINT PUBLICATIONS

JFSC Pub 1. The Joint Staff Officer’s Guide 2000. Available online at

http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/pub1/index2000.htm.

JP 1-02. Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms. 12 April 2001.

JP 3-0. Joint Operations. 17 September 2006.

JP 3-63. Detainee Operations. 30 May 2008.

ARMY PUBLICATIONS

AR 190-8. Enemy Prisoner of War, Retained Personnel, Civilian Internees and Other Detainees.

1 October 1997.

AR 220-1. Unit Status Reporting. 19 December 2006.

AR 381-10. US Army Intelligence Activities. 3 May 2007.

AR 381-20. The Army Counterintelligence Program. 15 November 1993.

Army Dir 2007-02. Deployment Cycle Support (DCS) Directive. 26 March 2007.

DAMI-CD Memorandum. Department of the Army Interim Intelligence Interrogation Policy.

17 August 2007.

FM 2-0. Intelligence. 17 May 2004.

FM 2-22.3. Human Intelligence Collector Operations. 6 September 2006.

FM 3-0. Operations. 27 February 2008.

FM 3-19.40. Internment/Resettlement Operations. 4 September 2007.

FM 3-50.1. Personnel Recovery. 10 August 2005.

FM 6-0. Mission Command: Command and Control of Army Forces. 11 August 2003.

FM 7-0. Training for Full Spectrum Operations. 12 December 2008.

FM 34-60. Counterintelligence. 3 October 1995.

HQDA, DCS, G-2 Memorandum. Contractor Interrogator Selection, Training, and Certification

Requirements. 7 March 2006.

HQDA, DCS, G-2 Memorandum. Department of the Army Interim Intelligence Interrogation Policy.

17 August 2007.

INSCOM Policy Memorandum # 23. Required Minimum Training for Human Intelligence (HUMINT)

Personnel Prior to and During Deployment. 14 February 2005.

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

DODD 2310.1. DOD Program for Enemy Prisoners of War (EPOW) and Other Detainees.

(Short Title: DOD Enemy POW Detainee Program). 18 August 1994.

DODD 3115.09. DOD Intelligence Interrogations, Detainee Debriefings, and Tactical Questioning.

9 October 2008.

ICD 302. Document and Media Exploitation. 6 July 2007. Available online at

www.fas.org/irp/dni/icd/icd-302.pdf .

3 August 2009

TC 2-22.304

References-1

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

References

USD (I) Memorandum. Clarification of Intelligence Interrogation Policy—Detainee Status

Determinations and the Conduct of Interrogations during Segregation and Separation.

20 September 2007.

USD (I) Memorandum. Clarification of Intelligence Interrogation Policy—Monitoring of Non-DOD

Interrogations, Debriefings, and Questioning of Detainees. 4 April 2007.

RELATED PUBLICATIONS

These sources contain relevant supplemental information.

JOINT PUBLICATIONS

JP 2-0. Joint Intelligence. 22 June 2007.

JP 5-0. Joint Operation Planning. 26 December 2006.

ARMY PUBLICATIONS

AR 20-1. Inspector General Activities and Procedures. 1 February 2007.

AR 380-5. Department of the Army Information Security Program. 29 September 2000.

CALL Handbook 07-03. Family Readiness Group Information. July 2007.

CALL Handbook 07-23. Rear Detachment Operations. August 2007.

FM 3-31. Joint Force Land Component Commander Handbook (JFLCC). 13 December 2001.

FM 5-0. Army Planning and Orders Production. 20 January 2005.

FM 27-10. The Law of Land Warfare. 18 July 1956.

FMI 4-02.46. Medical Support to Detainee Operations. 8 November 2007.

HQDA, DCS, G-3/5/7 (DAMO-ZT) Memorandum. Army Campaign Plan, Change 5. 5 April 2007.

OTSG/MEDCOM Memorandum. Behavioral Science Consultation Policy. 20 October 2006.

TC 2-22.303. The 2X Handbook. 31 July 2006.

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

CJCSI 5810.01C. Implementation of the DOD Law of War Program. 31 January 2007.

Detainee Treatment Act of 2005, Public Law Number 109-163, Title XIV.

DOD 5105.21 M-1. Department of Defense Sensitive Compartmented Information Administration

Security Manual. March 1995.

DODD 2310.01E. The Department of Defense Detainee Program. 5 September 2006.

DODD 2310.08E. DOD Medical Program Support for Detainee Operations. 26 April 2006.

DODD 2311.01E. DOD Law of War Program. 9 May 2006.

DODD 5210.48. Polygraph and Credibility Assessment Program. 25 January 2007.

DODD 5240.01. DOD Intelligence Activities. 27 August 2007.

DODI 2310.08E. Medical Program Support for Detainee Operations. 6 June 2006.

DODR 5240.0-R. Procedures Governing the Activities of DOD Intelligence Components That Affect

United States Persons. December 1982.

EO 12333. United States Intelligence Activities. 4 December 1981.

EO 13491. Ensuring Lawful Interrogations. 22 January 2009.

AR 15-6 Investigation of the Abu Ghraib Prison and 205th Military Intelligence Brigade. 23 August

2004. Available online at

http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA429125.

References-2

TC 2-22.304

3 August 2009

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

Index

Entries are by paragraph number.

detainee healthcare team (DHT),

L-M-N

3-20

analysis, 1-1, 1-3, 1-5,1-28, 3-23

liaison, 1-8, 3-23, 3-39

detention facility commander, 3-4

Army force generation

mission essential task list (METL),

document and media exploitation

(ARFORGEN), figure 1-5, 1-21,

1-2, 2-7

(DOMEX), 1-1, 1-2, 1-7-1-8,

2-1, 3-3

mobile interrogation team (MIT),

1-14, 1-18,1-20, 3-16, 3-29,

available force pool, 2-1, 2-11, 3-1,

1-9, 3-25, 3-43

3-42

3-3

O-P

G-H

objective table of organization and

headquarters and headquarters

behavioral science consultation

equipment (OTOE), 1-3

detachment (HHD),1-2-1-3, 1-5,

team (BSCT), 1-4, 3-15, 3-37,

figure 1-2, 2-9, 3-14,

other government agency

3-52

(OGA),1-4, 3-37

human intelligence and analysis

biometrics automted toolset,

and requirements detachment,

Q-R-S

table 3-2

1-3, 1-13, figure 1-4, 3-15

polygraph team, 1-4, 3-20, 3-50

human intelligence collection team

reset force pool, 2-1, 2-3-2-4, 3-3

(HCT), 1-7, 1-9-1-10, 3-26, 3-43

collection management and

screening,1-1, 1-5, 1-7, 1-12, 3-16,

dissemination (CM&D),3-23

human intelligence company,

3-29, 3-37, 3-42, 3-44

1-17-1-18, figure 1-3

combined arms training strategy

segregation and separation, 3-37,

(CATS), 2-1, 2-6-2-8

human intelligence section,1-3,

3-45

1-4, 1-7

commander, detainee operations

signals intelligence (SIGINT), 3-23

(CDO), 1-8, 3-4-3-5, 3-15-3-16,

I-J-K

3-48, 3-52

special security officer (SSO), 3-20

Intelligence and Security

contigency expeditionary force

staff judge advocate (SJA), 1-4,

Command (INSCOM)

(CEF), 3-2, 3-5, 3-15-3-16,

3-18

Detention Training Facility

3-48, 3-52

standing operating procedure

(IDTF), 2-7

counterintelligence (CI), 1-4, 1-11,

(SOP), 1-8, 2-13, 3-6,

inspector general (IG), 3-18

3-25, table B-3

figure C-1

interrogation, 1-1, figure 1-1,

D-E-F

1-3, 1-8, 1-11, 1-19

debriefing, 1-1, 1-7, 1-10, 1-16,

interrogation policy, 3-38

technical channels, 3-5, 3-8, 3-16

3-4, 3-7, 3-14, 3-16, 3-47-3-48

joint exploitation cell (JEC),

train/ready force pool, 2-1, 2-8,

dependencies,1-19

3-15, 3-25

2-10

deployment expeditionary force, 3-2

joint interrogation and debriefing

training tasks, table B-1

center (JIDC),

detainee assessment board (DAB),

U-V-W-X-Y-Z

1-1, 2-2, 3-4

3-49-3-51

unit status report (USR), 1-23

3 August 2009

TC 2-22.304

Index-1

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

*FM 3-19.40 (FM 19.40)

Field Manual

Headquarters

No. 3-19.40

Department of the Army

Washington, DC, 1 August 2001

Military Police

Internment/Resettlement Operations

Contents

Page

PREFACE

PART ONE

FUNDAMENTALS OF INTERNMENT/RESETTLEMENT OPERATIONS

Chapter

INTRODUCTION

1-1

Procedures

1-1

Definitions

1-2

Objectives

1-5

Agencies

1-6

Protection of Captives and Detainees

1-11

Protection of Enemy Prisoners of War and Civilian Internees

1-12

Protection of Refugees

1-13

Chapter

COMMANDER AND STAFF RESPONSIBILITIES

2-1

Section I - Commanders

2-1

Procedures

2-1

Principles and Policies

2-2

Security

2-5

Section II - Staff Officers

2-9

Adjutant General

2-9

Finance Officer

2-9

Civil-Military Operations Officer

2-9

Chaplain

2-10

Engineer Officer

2-10

Public Affairs Officer

2-10

Signal Officer

2-10

Staff Judge Advocate

2-10

Medical Operations

2-11

Distribution Restriction: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

_____________________

*This publication supersedes FM 19-40, 27 February 1976, andFM19-60,27May1986.

FM 3-19.40

Page

Movement Control Officer

2-12

Inspector General

2-12

Psychological Operations

2-12

Section III - Training

2-13

PART TWO

ENEMY PRISONERS OF WAR AND CIVILIAN INTERNEES

Chapter

DIVISION COLLECTING POINTS AND CORPS HOLDING AREAS

3-1

Overview

3-1

Processing Captives

3-2

Evacuating Captives

3-8

Division Collecting Points

3-10

Corps Holding Areas

3-15

Collocated Screening Sites

3-17

Collecting Points in Other Operations

3-18

Chapter

ENEMY PRISONERS OF WAR

4-1

Evacuation

4-1

Receiving and Processing Areas

4-1

Assignment to Internment Facilities

4-9

Control and Discipline

4-12

Clothing

4-15

Subsistence

4-17

Medical and Sanitation Considerations

4-17

Correspondence

4-17

Canteens

4-18

Social Programs

4-18

Security

4-21

Chapter

CIVILIAN INTERNEES

5-1

General Protection

5-1

Administrative Responsibilities

5-2

Principles and Policies

5-3

Clothing

5-5

Subsistence

5-5

Receiving and Processing Areas

5-6

Control and Discipline

5-10

Internee Committee

5-12

Correspondence

5-13

Complaints and Requests

5-13

Medical Treatment

5-13

Sanitation

5-13

Transfer

5-14

Release

5-15

Social Programs

5-15

Employment

5-16

Security

5-17

Disturbances

5-18

Facility Markings

5-18

FM 3-19.40

Page

Chapter 6

INTERNMENT/RESETTLEMENT FACILITIES

6-1

Planning

6-1

Security Requirements

6-2

Layout

6-3

Receiving and Processing Centers

6-5

Medical and Sanitation Considerations

6-7

PART THREE UNITED STATES MILITARY PRISONERS

Chapter 7

ARMY CORRECTIONS SYSTEM

7-1

Levels of Confinement

7-1

Correctional Facilities

7-3

Legal Rights and Requirements

7-3

Segregation

7-4

Custody and Control

7-5

Correctional-Treatment Programs

7-8

Employment and Education

7-10

Recreation

7-10

Compensation, Clemency, and Parole

7-11

Correctional Staff

7-12

Prisoner Services Branch

7-16

Personal Property and Funds

7-18

Mail and Correspondence

7-19

Support Personnel

7-20

Transfer and Disposition Procedures

7-21

Logistics

7-22

Medical and Dental Treatment

7-23

Chapter 8

BATTLEFIELD CONFINEMENT OF UNITED STATES MILITARY PRISONERS . 8-1

Planning

8-1

Field Detention Facility

8-3

Field Confinement Facility

8-3

Transfer and Disposition of Prisoners

8-19

PART FOUR

MILITARY POLICE SUPPORT TO CIVIL-MILITARY OPERATIONS

Chapter 9

POPULACE AND RESOURCE CONTROL

9-1

Dislocated-Civilian Operations

9-2

Planning Dislocated-Civilian Operations

9-3

Military Police Support to Dislocated-Civilian Operations

9-7

Chapter 10

HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES

10-1

Section I - Humanitarian Assistance

10-1

Operational Environment

10-1

Rules of Engagement

10-3

Legal Considerations

10-3

Military Police Support

10-4

iii

Preface

In 1996, the United States (US) Army Military Police (MP) Corps restructured its four combat

support (CS) missions into the following five CS functions. These functions adequately describe

MP capabilities in support of US forces deployed worldwide.

• Maneuver and mobility support.

• Area security.

• Law and order (L&O).

• Internment/resettlement (I/R).

• Police intelligence operations.

Field Manual (FM) 3-19.40 depicts the doctrinal foundation, principles, and processes that MP

will employ when dealing with enemy prisoners of war (EPWs), civilian internees (CIs), US

military prisoner operations, and MP support to civil-military operations (populace and resource

control [PRC], humanitarian assistance [HA], and emergency services [ES]). FM 3-19.40 is not a

standalone manual, and it must be used in combination with other publications. These

publications are pointed out throughout the manual, and a consolidated list is provided in the

bibliography.

This manual provides guidance that can be used by US Army service schools, students, sister

services, and federal agencies. It is fully compatible with current joint, multinational, and

interagency doctrine.

The proponent of this publication is HQ TRADOC. Send comments and recommendations on

Department of the Army (DA) Form 2028 directly to Commandant, US Army Military Police

School, ATTN: ATSJ-MP-TD, 401 MANSCEN Loop, Suite 2060, Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri

65473-8926.

This publication implements Standardization Agreement (STANAG) 2044, Procedures for

Dealing With Prisoners of War (PW) (Edition 5), 28 June 1994. NOTE: The DA term EPW is

interchangeable with the term PW used in STANAG 2044. The DA uses the term PW

when referring to US soldiers who are prisoners of the enemy and uses the term EPW

when referring to enemy soldiers who are prisoners of the US.

Appendix A contains a metric conversion chart.

Unless this publication states otherwise, masculine nouns and pronouns do not refer exclusively

to men.

PART ONE

Fundamentals of Internment/Resettlement

Operations

Part One provides information that is critical in understanding the I/R function.

Chapter 1 introduces the manual by providing key definitions, establishing the I/R

objectives and principles, and providing a list of agencies concerned with I/R

operations. Chapter 2 describes commander and staff responsibilities that are unique

to I/R operations. Together, these chapters provide leaders and soldiers with the

foundation necessary for successful implementation of national military objectives as

they relate to I/R operations.

Chapter 1

Introduction

This chapter provides key definitions as set forth by the Geneva and

Hague Conventions, Army regulations (ARs), and the Uniform Code of

Military Justice (UCMJ). These definitions explain personnel categories

that the MP commander may be tasked to handle, protect, and account for.

He must ensure that personnel are treated according to established laws,

regulations, and international agreements. The MP leaders and soldiers

conducting I/R operations must maintain task proficiency for each

category.

PROCEDURES

1-1. Unlike EPW/CI operations in the past, I/R operations include additional

detained persons. The I/R operations include handling, protecting, and

accounting for dislocated civilians (DCs) and conducting battlefield

confinement of US military prisoners. With the alignment of these additional

categories, leaders and soldiers must ensure that they understand and are

prepared to apply the rules of engagement (ROE) and the rules of interaction

(ROI) that apply to each category. The keys to a successful I/R operation are

getting the mission accomplished and performing the mission under the

correct mind-set. For example, the ROE that may apply to an EPW may not

apply to a refugee or a US military prisoner. However, an MP may be tasked to

handle each category during the course of an operation. This dimension is

addressed throughout the manual to increase the MP commander’s

situational awareness (SA) as it relates to this aspect of I/R operations.

Introduction 1-1

FM 3-19.40

DEFINITIONS

1-2. The following terms are defined below:

• Combat zone (CZ).

• EPW.

• CI.

• Retained person (RP).

• Other detainee (OD).

• DC.

■

Displaced person (DP).

■

Refugee.

■

Evacuee.

■

Stateless person.

■

War victim.

■

Migrant.

■

Internally displaced person (IDP).

■

Expellee.

• US military prisoner.

COMBAT ZONE

1-3. The CZ is the area required by combat forces to conduct operations. It

normally extends forward from the land force’s rear boundary. The

communications zone (COMMZ) is the rear part of the theater of operations

(TO). It is behind and contiguous to the CZ. The COMMZ contains lines of

communication (LOC), supply and evacuation areas, and other agencies

required for the immediate support and maintenance of field forces. It reaches

to the continental United States (CONUS), to a supporting combatant

command’s area of responsibility (AOR), or to both. An EPW must be moved as

quickly as possible from the CZ to the COMMZ where an I/R unit interns him.

NOTE: For a complete discussion on the operational framework of a

CZ, see FM 3-0.

ENEMY PRISONER OF WAR

1-4. As defined in the Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of

Prisoners of War (GPW), 12 August 1949, an EPW is—

• A member of an enemy armed force or a member of a militia or a

volunteer corps forming part of an enemy armed force.

• A member of a militia or a volunteer corps (including an organized

resistance movement) that (1) belongs to an enemy power, (2) operates

in or outside its own territory (even if the territory is occupied), and (3)

fulfills the following conditions:

■

The organization is commanded by a person responsible for his

subordinates.

■

The organization has a fixed, distinctive sign that is recognizable

at a distance.

■

The members are carrying arms openly.

1-2 Introduction

FM 3-19.40

■

The organization is conducting operations according to the laws

and customs of war.

• A member of an enemy armed force who professes allegiance to a

government or an authority not recognized by the detaining power

(the US).

• A person who accompanies an enemy armed force without actually

being a member (a civilian member of a military aircraft crew, a war

correspondent, a supply contractor, a member of a labor unit, or a

member of a service that is responsible for enemy welfare) if he has

authorization and an identification (ID) card from the armed force.

• A crew member (a master, a pilot, or an apprentice of a merchant

marine or a member of a civil aircraft under the enemy’s power) who

does not benefit from more favorable treatment under other provisions

of international law.

• Inhabitants of an unoccupied territory who spontaneously take up

arms to resist invading US armed forces (without having time to form

themselves into a regular armed unit) if they carry arms openly and

respect the laws and customs of war.

1-5. The following persons are treated as EPWs:

• A person who qualifies for EPW status under paragraph 1-4 (if the US

is a party to the conflict) and falls into the hands of the US as a

neutral or nonbelligerent power.

• A person belonging to or having belonged to an armed force of a

country occupied by the US (if the US considers it necessary by reason

of such allegiance to intern him) even though he may have been

originally liberated from EPW status by the US while hostilities were

going on outside the occupied territory. Particular application is made

to a person who has made an unsuccessful attempt to join an armed

force that is engaged in combat or who has failed to comply with a

summons for internment.

1-6. Captured enemy personnel are presumed to be EPWs immediately upon

capture if the circumstances are unmistakable (armed, uniformed enemy). If

questions arise as to whether captured personnel belong in the EPW category,

they receive the same treatment as EPWs until their status is determined by

a competent military tribunal according to AR 190-8.

CIVILIAN INTERNEE

1-7. A CI is a person who is interned during armed conflict or occupation if he

is considered a security risk or if he needs protection because he committed an

offense (insurgent, criminal) against the detaining power. A CI is protected

according to the Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian

Persons in Time of War (GC), 12 August 1949.

RETAINED PERSON

1-8. An RP is an enemy who falls within one of the following categories:

• A person who is a member of the medical service of an enemy armed

force.

Introduction 1-3

FM 3-19.40

• A medical person exclusively engaged in—

■

Searching, collecting, transporting, or treating wounded or sick

personnel.

■

Preventing disease.

■

Administering a medical unit or establishment.

• A chaplain attached to an enemy armed force.

• A member of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red

Crescent Societies (IFRC) or another voluntary aid organization. The

organization must be duly recognized and authorized by its

government. The staff may be employed in the same duties as medical

personnel if the organization is subject to military laws and

regulations.

1-9. An RP is a special category for medical personnel and chaplains because

of their special skills and training. They may be retained by the detaining

power (see FM 27-10) to aid EPWs, preferably those of the armed force to

which the RP belongs. Per the Geneva Conventions, RPs receive the same

benefits and protection as EPWs. The following privileges and considerations

are extended to RPs due to their professions:

• Correspondence privileges that are over and above those afforded to

EPWs.

• Facilities to provide medical care, spiritual assistance, and welfare

services to EPWs.

• Transportation for periodic visits to EPW branch I/R facilities and

hospitals outside the EPW I/R facility to carry out medical, spiritual,

and welfare duties.

• Work assignments that are restricted to medical and religious duties

they are qualified to perform.

• Quarters that are separate from EPW quarters when practicable.

NOTE: For a complete discussion on RPs, see AR 190-8.

OTHER DETAINEE

1-10. A person in the custody of US armed forces who has not been classified

as an EPW (Article 4, GPW), an RP (Article 33, GPW), or a CI (Article 78, GC)

is treated as an EPW until a legal status is ascertained by competent

authority.

DISLOCATED CIVILIAN

1-11. A DC is a civilian who left his home for various reasons. His movement

and physical presence can hinder military operations. He most likely requires

some degree of aid (medicine, food, shelter, or clothing). A DC may not be

native to the area (local populace) or to the country where he resides. A DC is

a generic term that is further subdivided into the following categories:

• DP. A DP has been dislocated because of war, a natural disaster, or

political/economic turmoil. Consequently, the motivation for civilians

to flee and their status under international and domestic laws vary, as

does the degree of assistance required and the location for relief

1-4 Introduction

FM 3-19.40

operations. Likewise, the political, geographical, environmental, and

threat situations also vary.

•

Refugee. The Geneva Convention Relative to the Status of Refugees

(1951) states that a refugee is a person who “owing to a well-founded

fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality,

membership in a particular social group, or political opinion, is outside

the country of his nationality, and is unable to or, owing to such fear, is

unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country.”

•

Evacuee. An evacuee is a civilian who is removed from his place of

residence by military direction because of personal security or other

requirements of the military situation.

•

Stateless person. A stateless person is a civilian who has been

denationalized, whose country of origin cannot be determined, or who

cannot establish his right to nationality claimed.

•

War victim. A war victim is a civilian who suffered an injury, a loss of

a family member, or damage to or destruction of his home because of

war.

•

Migrant. A migrant is a worker who moves from one region to

another by chance, instinct, or plan.

•

IDP. An IDP may have been forced to flee his home for the same

reasons as a refugee, but he has not crossed an internationally

recognized border.

•

Expellee. An expellee is a civilian who is outside the boundaries of his

country of nationality or ethnic origin and is being forcibly repatriated

to that country or a third country for political or other purposes.

UNITED STATES MILITARY PRISONER

1-12. A US military prisoner is sentenced by a court-martial to confinement

or death and ordered into confinement by competent authority, whether or not

the sentence has been approved by the convening authority. A person placed

into confinement by competent authority pending trial by court-martial is a

pretrial prisoner or a pretrial detainee.

OBJECTIVES

1-13. The objectives of I/R operations are to process, handle, care for, account

for, and secure—

• EPWs.

• CIs.

• RPs.

• ODs

• DCs.

• US military prisoners.

1-14. The principles employed to achieve the objectives are according to the

Hague Convention (1907), the Geneva Conventions (1949), the Geneva

Convention Relative to the Status of Refugees (1951) and its protocol (1967),

and current STANAGs. These principles include—

Introduction 1-5

FM 3-19.40

• Humane treatment and efficient care.

• Prompt evacuation from the CZ.

• Provisions for captive or detainee interrogation.

• Procedures for evacuation, control, and administration of internees

with other CS and combat service support (CSS) operations.

NOTE: The principles employed for US military prisoners are

outlined in AR 190-47 and Department of Defense (DOD) Directive

1325.4.

AGENCIES

1-15. The expanded MP functions of I/R involve certain international and

domestic organizations not previously considered during MP operations.

There are numerous private relief organizations, foreign and domestic, that

are involved in humanitarian relief and I/R operations. Likewise, the media

normally provides extensive coverage of I/R operations. In many instances, the

DOD will not be the lead agency in I/R operations, which adds to the

complexity. For instance, the DOD could be tasked in a supporting role, with

the Department of State (DOS) or another agency in the lead.

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

1-16. Under the Geneva Conventions and subsequent protocols, a capturing

power is responsible for proper and humane treatment of detainees from the

moment of capture or other apprehension. The Secretary of the Army is the

executive agent for DOD I/R operations and administration. He is responsible

for plans, policy development, and operational coordination for persons

captured and interned by US armed forces. Navy, Marine, and Air Force units

that detain or capture persons turn them over to the Army at designated

receiving points after initial classification and administrative processing.

1-17. Per DOD Directive 3025.1, the Secretary of the Army tasks DOD

components to plan and commit DOD resources in response to requests for

military support from civil authorities. The Director of Military Support

(DOMS) provides leadership in this effort.

1-18. Examples of DOD decision makers are the Under Secretary of Defense

(USD) for Policy and the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (DASD) for

Humanitarian and Refugee Affairs (H&RA). The USD for Policy develops and

administers military policies and programs for international HA and foreign

relief operations. The DASD for H&RA executes the policies and tasks the

services accordingly.

DEPARTMENT OF STATE

1-19. The DOS is organized into functional and regional bureaus. It

represents the US via embassies throughout the world.

FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY

1-20. Per the Stafford Act, the federal government responds to disasters and

emergencies to save lives and protect public health, safety, and property. The

1-6 Introduction

FM 3-19.40

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is responsible for the

nation’s emergency management system. Local and state programs are the

heart of the nation’s emergency management system, and most disasters are

handled by local and state governments. When devastations are especially

serious and exceed local and state capabilities and resources, states turn to

the federal government for help.

1-21. When the President declares a major disaster, FEMA coordinates

response activities for federal agencies that may participate. The agencies

help states and localities recover from disasters by providing services,

resources, and personnel. They transport food and potable water, provide

medical aid, assist with temporary housing, and furnish generators for

hospitals and other essential facilities. The FEMA also works with states and

territories during nondisaster periods to plan for disasters, develop mitigation

programs, and anticipate requirements.

1-22. The Federal Response Plan addresses the consequences of disasters and

emergencies. It applies to natural disasters (earthquakes, hurricanes,

typhoons, tornadoes, and volcanic eruptions), technological emergencies

(radiological and hazardous material [HM] releases), and other incidents. The

plan describes the basic mechanisms and structures to mobilize resources and

conduct activities that augment state and local efforts. It uses a functional

approach to group the types of federal assistance that a state is most likely to

need under emergency support functions (ESFs). Each ESF is headed by a

primary agency based on its authorities, resources, and capabilities in the

functional area. The ESFs are the primary mechanisms through which federal

assistance is provided. Federal assistance is provided to affected states under

the overall coordination of a federal coordinating officer, who is appointed by

the FEMA director on behalf of the President.

MISCELLANEOUS AGENCIES

1-23. Other federal agencies provide advice, assistance, and resources to

plan, implement, and accomplish I/R operations. They are the—

• Department of Transportation (DOT). Its technical capabilities

and expertise in public transportation are available to assist in

specific operations.

• United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). It has projects

and activities ongoing in foreign countries and provides technical

assistance and expertise.

• United States Agency for International Development (USAID).

Although not directly under the control of DOS, USAID coordinates

activities at the department and country levels within the federal

government.

• Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA). It provides prompt

nonmilitary assistance to alleviate death and suffering of foreign

disaster victims. The OFDA may request DOD assistance for I/R

operations. The coordination and determination of forces required is

normally accomplished through DOD and the joint task force (JTF).

• United States Information Agency (USIA). The USIA helps

achieve US objectives by influencing public attitudes overseas. It

Introduction 1-7

FM 3-19.40

advises the US government on the possible impacts of policies,

programs, and official statements on foreign opinions. The USIA helps

HA forces gain popular support and counters attempts to distort and

frustrate US and JTF objectives.

• Department of Justice (DOJ). The I/R forces may contact the DOJ

Community Relations Service for assistance in domestic HA

operations. It provides on-site resolution assistance through a field

staff of mediators and negotiators.

• Public Health Service

(PHS). It promotes protection and

advancement of the nation’s physical and mental health. The US

forces work with the PHS during refugee operations in and near the

US and its territories.

• Immigration and Naturalization Service

(INS). It provides

information and services to the public while enforcing immigration

control. The INS is essential for processing and settling migrants and

refugees in the US and its territories.

CIVILIAN ORGANIZATIONS

1-24. Civilian organizations are responsible for a wide range of activities

encompassing HA; human rights; the protection of minorities, refugees, and

DPs; legal assistance; medical care; reconstruction; agriculture; education;

arts; science; and project funding. The commander must understand the

mandate, role, structure method, and principles of civilian organizations.

Without this understanding, it is impossible to establish an effective

relationship with them.

1-25. These organizations may already be in the area of operations (AO),

providing HA or some type of relief when I/R operations are planned and

implemented. The principle coordinating federal agency is the USAID, and

civilian organizations are required to register with the USAID to operate

under US auspices.

Types of Civilian Organizations

1-26. There are three principle types of civilian organizations:

• International organization

(IO). An IO is established by

intergovernmental agreements and operates at the international

level. Examples of IOs include the—

■

United Nations (UN).

■

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).

■

United Nations Development Program (UNDP).

■

United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian

Affairs (UNOCHA).

■

World Food Program (WFP).

■

International Medical Corps (IMC).

• Nongovernmental organization (NGO). An NGO is a voluntary

organization that is not funded by a government. It is primarily a

nonprofit organization that is independent of a government, an IO, or

1-8 Introduction

FM 3-19.40

a commercial interest. It is legally different than an IO because it

writes its own charter and mission.

The NGOs are increasingly numerous and sophisticated, and they can

number in the hundreds in any conflict. They remain strongly

independent from political control to preserve their independence and

effectiveness. In many cases, their impartiality has been of great

benefit, forming the only available means of rebuilding relations when

political dialog has broken down. They are often highly professional in

their field and extremely well motivated and prepared to take physical

risks in appalling conditions. Examples of NGOs include the—

■

Save the Children Foundation (SCF).

■

Médecin Sans Frontiéres (Doctors Without Borders) (MSF).

■

Catholic Relief Services (CRS).

■

National Council of Catholic Bishops (NCCB).

An NGO is mandated or nonmandated:

■

Mandated. A mandated NGO has been officially recognized by

the lead IO in a crisis and has been authorized to work in the

affected area.

■

Nonmandated. A nonmandated NGO has no official recognition

or authorization and, therefore, works as a private concern. A

nonmandated NGO can be subcontracted by an IO or a mandated

NGO. It can also obtain funds from private enterprises or donors.

•

International humanitarian organization (IHO). An IHO is an

impartial, neutral, and independent organization whose mandate is to

assist and protect victims of conflict. It carefully guards its neutrality

and does not desire to be associated with or dependent upon the

military for fear of losing its special status in the international

community that allows it to fulfill its mandate. Examples of IHOs

include the—

■

International Organization for Migration (IOM).

■

International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).

■

IFRC.

Civilian Lead Agencies

1-27. A lead agency is mandated by the international community to initiate

the cooperation of civilian organizations that volunteer to participate in an

operation. The lead agency is normally a major UN agency, such as the

UNHCR or the UNOCHA, and it—

• Acts as the point of contact (POC) for other agencies.

• Coordinates field activities to avoid duplicating effort and wasting

resources.

Understanding Civilian Organizations

1-28. A good working relationship can be established with NGOs, IOs, and

IHOs through trust and understanding. The most effective way for military

forces to understand an organization’s knowledge, skills, and abilities is to

Introduction 1-9

FM 3-19.40

establish and maintain a liaison with it. This understanding can also be

gained through educating military leaders in military schools and courses.

UNITED NATIONS

1-29. The UN is involved in the entire spectrum of HA operations from

prevention to relief. Typically, UN relief agencies establish independent

networks to execute their humanitarian-relief operations. The UN system

delegates as much as possible to agency elements located in the field, with

supervisory and support networks traced from field officers back to UN

headquarters. Military planners must be familiar with UN objectives to

ensure compatibility with military plans and orders. The UN agencies include

the United Nations Disaster Relieve Coordinator (UNDRC) and the UNHCR:

• UNDRC. It coordinates assistance to persons compelled to leave their

homes because of disasters.

• UNCHR. It—

■

Provides international protection to refugees. It promotes the

adoption of international standards for the treatment of refugees

and supervises implementation of the standards.

■

Seeks permanent solutions for refugee problems. It facilitates

voluntary repatriation and reintegration of refugees into their

country of origin. Where practical, it facilitates their integration

into a country of asylum or a third country.

■

Provides other activities that include emergency relief counseling,

education, and legal assistance. These activities entail a very

active role in monitoring human rights.

■

Helps governments meet their obligations concerning refugees

under various international statues.

INTERNATIONAL RED CROSS AND RED CRESCENT MOVEMENTS

1-30. Three organizations make up the International Red Cross and Red

Crescent Movement. They are the—

• IFRC. It provides relief operations to help victims of natural and man-

made disasters. It has a unique network of national societies

throughout the world. The IFRC is the umbrella organization for the

ICRC.

• ICRC. It acts as a monitoring agent for the proper treatment of EPWs

and other detained persons. It coordinates National Red Cross and

Red Crescent Societies’ international relief operations for victims of

conflict. The ICRC reports violations of international humanitarian

laws and promotes awareness and development of humanitarian laws

among nations.

• National Red Cross and Red Crescent organizations.

NOTES:

1. These organizations are distinctly different and have separate

mandates and staff organizations. Do not consider them to be one

organization.

1-10 Introduction

FM 3-19.40

2. Red Crescent organizations are found in predominately Muslim

countries. They have the same goals and missions as Red Cross

organizations.

1-31. Although the ICRC is essentially Swiss, it has worldwide operations and

acts as a neutral intermediary in armed conflicts. The ICRC ensures that

conflict victims receive appropriate protection and assistance within the scope

of the Geneva Conventions, their protocols, and the ICRC mandate. The ICRC

undertakes protection and assistance activities for the benefit of detainees

and civilian populations by—

• Visiting detainees and attempting, through confidential contacts, to

ensure compliance with the Geneva Conventions.

• Supervising prisoner releases and exchanges.

• Providing emergency relief to civilians who are affected by an armed

conflict or a natural disaster.

• Tracing individuals who are displaced because of an armed conflict or

a natural disaster.

• Organizing family contacts and reunions.

PROTECTION OF CAPTIVES AND DETAINEES

1-32. The provisions of the Geneva Conventions are applicable to captives and

detainees from the time they are captured until they are released or

repatriated. AR 190-8 is the implementing regulation. When a person is

captured during the heat of battle, he is entitled to protection as a detainee.

1-33. Detainees receive humane treatment without distinction of race,

nationality, religious belief, political opinion, or similar criteria. Captives and

detainees are not murdered, mutilated, tortured, or degraded. They are not

punished for alleged criminal acts without previous judgment pronounced by

a legally constituted court that has accorded them judicial guarantees which

are recognized as indispensable to a fair trial. Individuals and capturing

nations are responsible for acts committed against detainees if the acts violate

the Geneva Conventions.

1-34. Captives and detainees are entitled to respect, and they are treated

with honor and as human beings. They are protected against violence, insults,

public curiosity, and reprisals. They are not subjected to physical mutilation or

medical or scientific experimentation that is not required for normal medical,

dental, or hospital treatment. Coercion is not inflicted on captives and

detainees to obtain information. Those who refuse to answer are not

threatened, insulted, or exposed to unpleasant or disadvantageous treatment.

Female captives and detainees are treated with respect and accorded fair and

equal treatment.

PROTECTING POWER

1-35. A neutral state or a humanitarian organization, such as the ICRC, is

designated as a protecting power. The protecting power monitors whether

detainees are receiving humane treatment as required by international law.

Representatives or delegates of a protecting power are authorized to visit

detainees where they are interned or confined and to interview them

Introduction 1-11

FM 3-19.40

regarding their internment, welfare, and rights. The interview may be

conducted without witnesses. Such visits cannot be prohibited except for

imperative military necessity.

UNITED STATES POLICY TOWARDS DETAINEES

1-36. Basic US policy underlying the treatment of detainees and other

captured or interned personnel during the course of a conflict requires and

directs that all personnel be accorded humanitarian care and treatment from

the moment of custody until their final release or repatriation. The US

personnel are fully and equally bound to observe this policy whether

capturing troops, custodial personnel, or anyone else, regardless of the

capacity they may be serving. This policy is equally applicable for protecting

detained and interned personnel whether they are known to have committed

or are suspected of committing a serious offense that could be characterized as

a war crime. The punishment of such persons is administered by the due

process of law and under legally constituted authority. Inhumane treatment,

even if committed under stress of combat and with deep provocation, is a

serious and punishable violation under national law, international law, and

the UCMJ.

PROTECTION OF ENEMY PRISONERS OF WAR AND CIVILIAN

INTERNEES

1-37. The Geneva Conventions, comprised of four treaties, form part of the

supreme law of the land and provide the internationally recognized

humanitarian standards for the treatment of war victims. The US ratified the

Geneva Conventions for the Protection of War Victims, 12 August 1949. It

recognizes the spirit and intent of these treaties in its treatment of EPWs, CIs,

and detained and interned persons. The Geneva Conventions became effective

in 1956, and the US observes and enforces the terms of these conventions.

They are collectively referred to as the Geneva Conventions and include the—

• GPW. This convention provides humane treatment of EPWs. It

regulates the treatment of internees (care, food, clothing, and

housing), discipline and punishment, labor and pay, external relations,

representation, the international exchange of information, and the

termination of captivity.

• GC. This convention deals with the protection for populations against

the consequences of war, the status and treatment of protected

persons, and the treatment of CIs.

• Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of

the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field, 12 August

1949

(GWS). This convention provides protection for members of the

armed forces and other persons on the battlefield who are wounded or

sick. Members in the conflict search for and collect wounded and sick

persons, protect them against pillage and ill treatment, and ensure

their adequate care. They also search for dead persons and prevent

them from being despoiled.

• Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of

Wounded, Sick, and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at

1-12 Introduction

FM 3-19.40

Sea, 12 August 1949 (GWS [SEA]). This convention provides

humane treatment and protection for members of the armed forces

and other persons at sea who are wounded, sick, or shipwrecked. It

also protects hospital ships and burial at sea.

1-38. STANAG 2044 prescribes concepts and procedures for the control and

administration of EPWs by US armed forces operating in Europe under

operational control (OPCON) of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

(NATO), in coordination with one or more NATO allies, and supported by the

doctrine contained in this manual. STANAG 2044 provides—

• Terms and definitions relating to EPWs.

• Procedures for using EPW personnel record forms.

• Procedures for handling EPWs, their personal property, and their

money.

PROTECTION OF REFUGEES

1-39. The Geneva Convention Relative to the Status of Refugees (1951) and

its protocols (1967) provide a general, universally applicable definition of

refugee. They address the minimum standards for the treatment of refugees,

specifying the obligations of the host nation (HN) and the refugees to one

another. Among the important provisions of the 1951 Convention is the

principle of nonrefoulement (Article 33). The principle of nonrefoulement is

often referred to as the cornerstone of international protection. This principle

prohibits the return or expulsion of a refugee to the territory of a state where

his life, freedom, or personal security would be in jeopardy. Through

widespread practice, the principle is considered to be a rule of customary law,

binding nations whether or not they are signatories.

1-40. The 1951 Convention also provides protection of refugees. A refugee has

the right to safe asylum; however, international protection comprises more

than physical safety. Refugees receive the same rights and help as any other

foreigner who is a legal resident, including certain fundamental entitlements

of every individual. Refugees have basic civil rights, including freedom of

thought and movement and freedom from torture and degrading treatment.

Similarly, refugees have economic and social rights. Every adult refugee has

the right to work, and no child refugee is deprived of schooling. In certain

circumstances, such as large-scale inflows of refugees, asylum states may feel

obliged to restrict certain rights, such as freedoms of movement, work, and

education. Such gaps should be filled by the international community when

possible. When resources are unavailable from the government of the asylum

country or other agencies, the UNHCR will assist.

NOTE: For further details, see the UNHCR Handbook for the Military

on Humanitarian Operations, First Edition, 1995.

Introduction 1-13

Chapter 2

Commander and Staff Responsibilities

All MP commanders and staff members must be familiar with applicable

ARs, Army directives, and international laws necessary for the successful

operation of I/R and confinement facilities. This chapter discusses areas of

greatest concern when performing the I/R function.

SECTION I - COMMANDERS

2-1. An MP battalion commander tasked with operating an I/R facility is also

the facility commander. As such, he is responsible for the safety and

well-being of all personnel housed within the facility. Since an MP unit may be

tasked to handle different categories of personnel (EPW, CI, OD, refugee, and

US military prisoner), the commander, the cadre, and support personnel must

be aware of the requirements for each category.

PROCEDURES

2-2. Commanders are familiar with applicable regulations, directives,

international laws, and administrative procedures. The servicing staff judge

advocate (SJA) provides legal advice and training on I/R matters. Regulations

and other guidance relative to the administration, employment, and

compensation of internees are prescribed in—

• AR 190-8.

• Defense Finance and Accounting Service—Indianapolis (DFAS-IN)

37-1.

• FM 14-100.

• DA Pamphlet (Pam) 37-100-95.

• FM 27-10.

2-3. Copies of the Geneva Conventions and compound regulations, orders, and

notices relating to internee conduct and activities are posted in each facility, in

the language of internees who are housed there. If internees do not have

access to posted copies, the facility commander makes copies available to

them.

2-4. The commander is responsible for the administrative processing of each

internee. When processing is complete, he submits a DA Form 2674-R to the

servicing internment/resettlement information center (IRIC), which functions

as the field operations agency for the national IRIC located in CONUS.

Commander and Staff Responsibilities 2-1

FM 3-19.40

PRINCIPLES AND POLICIES

2-5. The following principles apply to I/R facilities:

• Use housed personnel for internal maintenance and operation.

• Use captured supplies and equipment

(excluding weapons and

ammunition).

• Maintain control.

2-6. An EPW/CI has the right to—

• Submit requests and complaints regarding the conditions of

confinement.

• Elect representatives.

• Send and receive correspondence.

NOTE: The rights of US military prisoners are outlined in AR 190-47

and DOD Directive 1325.4.

STANDING ORDERS

2-7. Standing orders provide uniform, orderly administration of an I/R

facility. The orders to be obeyed by housed personnel are published in their

language and posted where they can read the orders and refer to them.

Standing orders include rules, procedures, and instructions (see Figure 2-1)

governing the following activities and other matters as deemed appropriate:

• Schedule of calls, including—

■

Reveille.

■

Morning roll.

■

Readiness of quarters for inspection.

■

Sick.

■

Mess.

■

Evening roll.

■

Lights out.

• Housed personnel actions that support the emergency action plans of

the internment facility, such as—

■

Fire drills.

■

Air raid drills.

■

Emergency evacuations.

■

Natural disaster drills.

■

Blackouts.

■

Escapes.

• Hours for religious services, recreation activities, and so forth.

• Procedures for emergency sick call.

• Designated smoking areas.

2-2 Commander and Staff Responsibilities

FM 3-19.40

1. You must comply with rules, regulations, and orders. They are necessary for safety, good order, and

discipline.

2. You must immediately obey all orders of US personnel. Deliberate disobedience, resistance, or conduct of a

mutinous or riotous nature will be dealt with by force.

3. You are subject to disciplinary or judicial punishment if you disobey a rule, a regulation, or an order or if you

commit any act, conduct, disorder, or neglect that is prejudicial to good order or discipline.

4. You will not receive disciplinary or judicial punishment until you have an opportunity to explain your conduct

and to defend yourself. If you commit an offense for which judicial punishment may arise, investigation of the

offense will be coordinated with the SJA before being undertaken to ensure that it is conducted according to the

Geneva Conventions. You may call witnesses, and if necessary, you will be provided with the services of a

qualified interpreter.

5. You may receive disciplinary punishment that includes discontinuing privileges over and above the

treatment provided for by the Geneva Conventions. You may receive a fine up to one half of your 30-day

advance and working pay. Privates may be assigned fatigue (extra) duty up to 2 hours daily, noncommissioned

officers (NCOs) may be required to perform supervisory duties only, and officers may not be compelled to work.

6. You may not establish courts or administer punishment over other captives.

7. You may not have knives, sticks, metal pieces, or other articles that can be used as weapons in your

possession at any time.

8. You may not drill or march in military formation for any purpose except as authorized and directed by the

facility commander.

9. You may not meet or issue propaganda for political purposes.

10. You may not wear or display national political items.

11. You may not gamble.

12. You may not possess or consume alcoholic beverages.

13. You may retain personal effects and property that are authorized by the facility commander.

14. You may smoke at times and places specified by the facility commander.

15. You will follow the required courtesies toward your army’s officers. If you are an enlisted captive, you will

salute all US commissioned officers. If you are an officer captive, you will salute US commissioned officers of a

higher grade and the facility commander, regardless of his grade.

Figure 2-1. Sample Standing Orders

NOTICE OF PROTECTION

2-8. To protect persons from acts of violence, bodily injury, and threats of

reprisals at the hand of fellow internees, post a notice of protection (Figure

2-2) in the internees’ language in every compound.

NOTICE

A detainee who fears that his life is in danger, or fears that he may suffer physical injury at the hands of another

detainee, should immediately report to a US member of the facility without consulting his representative. The

facility commander ensures adequate protection for the victim by segregation, transfer, or other means. A

detainee who mistreats a fellow detainee will be punished.

(Signed by the Commanding Officer)

Figure 2-2. Sample Notice of Protection

Commander and Staff Responsibilities 2-3

FM 3-19.40

RECORDS AND REPORTS

2-9. The commander establishes local records and reports necessary for the

effective operation of the I/R facility. They provide information about the

control, supervision, and disposition of personnel housed in the facility. He

determines the type (administrative, operational, logistical, intelligence, and

personnel) of reports and the frequency (routine or as required). Normal

reports (duty officer logs, worksheets, and situation maps) are also required.

MEDICAL AND SANITATION CONSIDERATIONS

2-10. Commanders consider the following when establishing medical care (see

AR 190-8):

• A medical officer, a physician’s assistant (PA), or a nurse practitioner

examines each internee monthly and—

■

Records his weight on DA Form 2664-R.

■

Monitors his general health, nutrition, and cleanliness.

■

Examines him for contagious diseases, especially tuberculosis

(TB), venereal disease, lice, louse-borne disease, and human

immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

• The medical treatment facility provides isolation of communicable

diseases, disinfection, and inoculations. Use retained medical

personnel and EPWs with medical training to the fullest extent

possible when caring for sick and wounded EPWs. When medical care

is inadequate, transfer housed personnel to military or civilian

medical facilities where the required treatment is available.

2-11. Certain sanitation standards must be met to prevent disease and

ensure cleanliness. These standards include—

• Ensuring that internees receive as much water as US soldiers.

• Providing adequate space within housing units to prevent

overcrowding.

• Providing sufficient showers and latrines and ensuring that they are

cleaned and sanitized daily.

• Teaching dining-facility workers the rules of good food sanitation and

ensuring that they are observed and practiced.

• Disposing of human waste properly to protect the health of all

individuals associated with the facility according to the guidelines

established by preventive medicine (PVNTMED).

• Providing sufficient potable water for drinking, bathing, laundry, and

food service.

• Providing materials for personal hygiene.

• Training personnel on proper garbage disposal to prevent insects and

vermin that can contribute to health hazards.

SOCIAL PROGRAMS

2-12. Encourage and support active education, religious, recreation, and

employment programs when practical. If possible, provide adequate facilities,

instruction material, and recreation equipment.

2-4 Commander and Staff Responsibilities

FM 3-19.40

2-13. Accredited representatives of protecting powers and the ICRC are

allowed full access to the I/R facility and internees. Representatives of

approved religious organizations, relief societies, NGOs, IHOs, and other

organizations assisting housed personnel are permitted to visit according to

policies and procedures prescribed by the DA.

2-14. Advanced coordination is encouraged by representatives of NGOs, IOs,

and IHOs who want access to internees. This avoids confusion when

representatives arrive at the facility. Likewise, the facility staff coordinates in

advance with organizations to establish an access roster of representatives

and a means of verifying their identity.

Religion

2-15. Housed personnel are allowed freedom of worship, including attendance

at services of their respective faith held within the facility. Retained chaplains

and other EPW clergymen are permitted to devote their time to ministering to

members of their faith. The MP commander may permit other ordained

clergymen, theological students, or chaplains to conduct services within the

compound. The US personnel will not attend services with EPWs, RPs, CIs, or

ODs.

Recreation

2-16. Participation in recreation activities promotes general health and

welfare and alleviates tension and boredom. In addition to athletic contests,

group entertainment can be provided by concerts, plays, recorded music, and

motion pictures.

SAFETY PROGRAM

2-17. Set up and administer a safety program for housed personnel in each

I/R facility. Follow the procedures outlined in AR 385-10 and associated

circulars and pamphlets to establish the safety program. Maintain records

and reports for the internee safety program separate from those for the Army

safety program.

AGRICULTURAL PROGRAM

2-18. The EPWs are allowed to raise vegetables for their use. Subsequently,

commanders must be aware of resources, procedures, and HN guidelines

applicable to this program.

SECURITY

2-19. The MP commander establishes security measures that effectively

control housed personnel with minimal use of force. The same use of force that

is employed for one category of housed personnel may not be applicable to

another. Commanders protect housed personnel from threats outside the

facility. The physical construction of the facility and the presence of guard

personnel create the most obvious means of providing internal and external

security. Maintaining a high state of discipline, a system of routines, and

Commander and Staff Responsibilities 2-5

FM 3-19.40

required standards of behavior are all measures that enhance effective

security and control.

2-20. Many housed personnel will actively cooperate with US authorities or

will assume a passive, compliant role. They will be composed, in part, of

individuals with ideologies favorable to the US. Others, through resignation or

apathy, will simply adapt themselves to the conditions of their internment.

2-21. Some housed personnel will engage in a campaign of embarrassing and

harassing US personnel to create propaganda of value to their cause. The

EPWs want to force the use of maximum US troops for other-than-combat

missions. The leaders of the uncooperative faction may try to establish a

united effort and blind obedience by all its members. They will not be content

with merely planning and attempting to escape or using normal harassment

tactics. The leaders will assign duties and missions to individuals so that

resistance will not stop while they are interned. Any relaxation of security will

be immediately detected and fully exploited.

2-22. Maintain firm control at all times. Adapt policies, tactics, techniques,

and procedures (TTP) to achieve this end state.

FACILITY GUARD FORCE

2-23. The facility guard force provides internal and external security. The

force has a commander of the guard, one or more sergeants of the guard, a

relief commander for each shift, and the necessary number of guards. There

are two types of orders for guards:

• General orders. All guards are required to know, understand, and

comply with the general orders outlined for sentinels in FM 22-6.

• Special orders. They apply to particular posts and duties. Special

orders supplement general orders and are established by the

commander.

2-24. The facility guard force is the primary source of security for the I/R

facility. Its responsibilities include—

• Internal.

■

Sally port.

■

Search teams.

■

Receiving and processing lines.

■

Escorts.

■

Facility gates.

• External.

■

Holding area.

■

Towers.

■

Transfer area.

■

Work site.

■

Perimeter.

■

Brigade tactical operations center (BTOC).

2-6 Commander and Staff Responsibilities

FM 3-19.40

Standby Guards

2-25. Standby guards are soldiers who are not on duty. The standby guard

force is large enough to reinforce tower and sally port guards; however, it is

not normally used as a quick-reaction force (QRF) to enter enclosures and

quell disturbances or conduct searches.

Tower Guards

2-26. Tower guards are posted in towers and positioned so that they have

overlapping fields of vision of the entire perimeter. This allows one or more

guards to observe activities within enclosures. A tower guard’s primary duties

are to prevent escape and to observe and report unauthorized or suspicious

activities.

Walking Patrols

2-27. Walking patrols supplement the perimeter security when weather

conditions or electrical failure prevents tower guards from clearly observing

the entire perimeter. Gate guards are posted at perimeter gates and the sally

port to—

• Exercise control over personnel, vehicles, and work details.

• Conduct shakedown searches according to facility standing operating

procedures (SOPs), special orders, and security regulations.

• Prevent the smuggling of weapons or other contraband items into the

facility.

• Prevent escapes.

Military Working Dogs

2-28. Military working dogs (MWDs) offer a psychological and real deterrent

against physical threats presented by housed personnel. However, they cannot

be used as security measures against US military prisoners. The MWDs

reinforce security measures against penetration and attack by small enemy

forces that may be operating in the area. They also provide a positive, effective

alternative to using firearms when preventing disturbances. The various

techniques for employing MWDs are—

• Demonstrations. Hold periodic demonstrations in full view of housed

personnel to increase the psychological deterrent of MWDs.

Emphasize how easily and quickly an MWD can overtake a fleeing

individual, highlight his ability to attack and overcome physical

resistance, and demonstrate his tracking ability. To ensure a

successful demonstration, use only the best qualified MWD teams.

• Perimeter security. Use an MWD team as an adjunct to perimeter

security by making periodic, unscheduled patrols around the

perimeter fence during periods of darkness. During inclement

weather, a temporary blackout, or an electrical failure, increase the

number and frequency of patrols. Ensure that housed personnel are

aware of MWD presence by having dogs bark at infrequent intervals

during the night.

Commander and Staff Responsibilities 2-7

FM 3-19.40

• Inspections. Walk an MWD team through living areas to search for

contraband. Depending on the type of MWD team available, it can

search for explosive devices and components and/or illegal drugs.

• Work details. Position an MWD between the work detail and the area

offering the greatest avenue of escape. The MWDs provide a valuable

adjunct to work detail guards, particularly those employed in areas

offering the greatest potential for escape.

USE OF FORCE AND RULES OF ENGAGEMENT

2-29. An MP commander ensures that soldiers understand use-of-force

guidelines and the ROE established by higher headquarters for each mission.

Because the use of force and the ROE vary depending on the category of

housed personnel and the operational environment, the commander develops

SOPs that follow the guidance provided. He balances the physical security of

forces with mission accomplishment and the protection of deployed forces.

NOTE: For more information on the use of force, see Appendix B.

2-30. The restrictions on combat operations and the use of force are clearly

explained in the ROE and are understood and obeyed at all levels. Soldiers

study and train on the use of the ROE and discuss them for their mission. The

ROE address the distinctions between internee categories and the

instruments of control available for each category. Use the following issues to

develop ROE guidelines:

• What is considered lethal force?

• Under what conditions is lethal force used?

• Under what conditions is nonlethal force used?

• What are the required warnings, if any, before using force (lethal or

nonlethal)?

TYPES OF DISTURBANCES

2-31. Housed personnel may organize a disturbance within the facility to

weaken the guard force. At the beginning of a disturbance, initiate a record of

events. Commanders must be concerned with two types of disturbances—riots

and disorders:

• Riots.

■

Organized. Leaders of housed personnel organize the internee

population into quasi-military groups.

■

Unorganized. It is spontaneous in nature, although it can be

exploited and diverted by leaders into an organized riot.

■

Multiple. When housed personnel in one compound start rioting,

personnel in other compounds also riot.

• Disorders.

■

Organized. It can be a demonstration, a refusal to work or eat, a

work slowdown, or the damage or destruction of property.

■

Unorganized. It is spontaneous in nature.

NOTE: For more information on riots and disorders, see Appendix B.

2-8 Commander and Staff Responsibilities

FM 3-19.40

SECTION II - STAFF OFFICERS

2-32. Staff officers at tactical headquarters and CSS commands are normally

responsible for the same functional areas inside an I/R or confinement facility.

However, the emphasis on different aspects and the scope and magnitude of

EPW, CI, and US military prisoner activities vary in CS and CSS commands.

This section describes additional staff officers that may be found at different

echelons of command (primarily I/R MP units) and their areas of

responsibility. FM 101-5 describes the roles, relationships, organization, and

responsibilities of staffs in the US Army.

ADJUTANT GENERAL

2-33. The adjutant general (AG) maintains personnel records for EPWs, CIs,

and US military prisoners. The AG’s personnel and administrative section can

inprocess eight persons per hour, depending on the category. It—

• Provides accountability documents to the IRIC if applicable.

• Maintains labor records and time cards for prisoners.

• Submits the required reports on prisoners.

• Prepares documents for administrative court-martial charges for

EPWs, CIs, and US military prisoners.

FINANCE OFFICER

2-34. The finance officer—

• Accounts for impounded financial assets

(cash and negotiable

instruments) of housed personnel.

• Records pay/labor credits, canteen purchases/coupons, and other

transactions.

• Prepares payrolls, makes disbursements, and processes repatriation

settlements.

• Advises the commander on finance and accounting issues.

NOTE: See FM 14-100 for more information.

CIVIL-MILITARY OPERATIONS OFFICER

2-35. The civil-military operations (CMO) officer—

• Provides technical advice and assistance on strategies for community

relations and information.

• Plans community relations programs to gain and maintain public

understanding and goodwill and to support military operations.

• Provides liaison and coordination with other US government agencies;

HN civil and military authorities concerned with I/R operations; and

NGOs, IOs, and IHOs in the AO.

• Coordinates with the SJA on the ROE for dealing with housed

personnel.

Commander and Staff Responsibilities 2-9

FM 3-19.40

• Provides technical advice and assistance on the reorientation of enemy

defectors, EPWs, CIs, and detainees.

CHAPLAIN

2-36. The chaplain or the unit ministry team—

• Provides religious support for assigned soldiers and internees.

• Advises the commander on the impact of faiths and practices of

indigenous religious groups in the AO and internees within the

facility.

• Provides religious support to the command and the community,

including confined and hospitalized personnel.

• Exercises supervision and control over internee religious leaders

within the facility.

ENGINEER OFFICER

2-37. The engineer officer is a captain in a brigade and a lieutenant in a

battalion. He trains and supervises internees who perform internal and

external labor (construction and repair of facilities). The engineer officer is

responsible for—

• Construction, maintenance, repair, and operation of utilities (water,

electricity, heat, and sanitation).

• Construction support.

• Fire protection.

• Insect and rodent control and fumigation.

PUBLIC AFFAIRS OFFICER

2-38. The public affairs officer (PAO)—

• Understands and fulfills the information needs of soldiers, the Army

community, and the public in matters relating to internees and the I/R

facility.

• Serves as the command’s spokesman for all communication with the

external media.

• Facilitates media efforts to cover operations by expediting the flow of

complete, accurate, and timely information.

SIGNAL OFFICER

2-39. The signal officer is located in the brigade. He is responsible for all

matters concerning signal operations, automation management, network

management, and information security.

STAFF JUDGE ADVOCATE

2-40. The SJA is located in the brigade and the brigade liaison detachment

(BLD). He—

2-10 Commander and Staff Responsibilities

FM 3-19.40

•

Provides operational law advice and support for US military prisoner

operations and resettlement operations, particularly the

interpretation of the Geneva Conventions.

•

Provides advice on the application of force to quell riots and other

disturbances.

•

Provides support and advice during investigations following the death

or injury of an internee during internment.

•

Serves as the recorder for Article 5 tribunals. (A tribunal determines

the status of a person who has committed a hostile act but whose

status is doubtful.)

•

Serves as the commander’s liaison to the ICRC.

•

Provides legal advice on—

■

Military justice.

■

Administrative law (investigations and command authority).

■

Civil law (contract, fiscal, and environmental laws).

■

International law

(law of land warfare, Geneva Conventions,

status of forces, ROE, and treatment of detained persons).

■

Claims.

■

Legal assistance.

•

Provides technical advice and assistance on the internee labor policy

as it relates to supporting local indigenous requirements not directly

advancing the war effort.

•

Complies with all treaties and conventions.

MEDICAL OPERATIONS

2-41. The surgeon section—

• Is responsible for the combat health support (CHS) of the command

and internees within the facility.

• Advises the commander.

• Plans and directs echelon I CHS.

• Arranges echelons II and III CHS (including air/ground medical

evacuation and hospitalization) when required.

• Provides disease prevention through PVNTMED programs.

2-42. The medical treatment squad—

• Provides routine medical care

(sick call) and advanced trauma

management for duty soldiers and internees.

• Supervises qualified RPs who are providing medical care for internees.

• Performs initial medical exams to determine the physical fitness of

arriving internees as stipulated by the Geneva Conventions.

• Is capable of operating as two separate treatment teams.

2-43. The PVNTMED section—

• Provides limited PVNTMED services for the facility.

• Performs sanitary inspections of housing, food service operations,

water supplies, waste disposal operations, and other operations that

may present a medical nuisance or health hazard to personnel.

Commander and Staff Responsibilities 2-11

FM 3-19.40

• Provides training and guidance to the staff, unit personnel, and

others.

MOVEMENT CONTROL OFFICER

2-44. The movement control officer (MCO)—

• Plans and coordinates the movement of internees and their property

with the Corps Support Command (US Army) (COSCOM) movement

control center.

• Coordinates with brigade operations for daily transportation

requirements and evacuation and transfer of internees. This includes

determining the transportation requirements for the evacuation of

detainees from one level of internment to the next and coordinating

the arrangements.

INSPECTOR GENERAL

2-45. The inspector general (IG) is located in the brigade. He—

• Advises the commander on the organization inspection policy (OIP).

• Conducts inspections, surveys, and studies to comply with

international, state, and US laws.

• Receives allegations and conducts investigations and inquiries based

on reports and information obtained from EPWs, CIs, DCs, US

military personnel, and multinational guard and police forces.

• Consults with international and US agencies in matters pertaining to

the overall health and welfare of the protected population.

• Determines the MP unit’s discipline, efficiency, morale, training, and

readiness and provides feedback to the chain of command.

• Assists the protected population in coping with family issues and

resolving complaints consistent with military necessity.

• Identifies trends to correct and improve I/R operations consistent with

current doctrine, military laws, international laws, UN mandates, and

foreign-nation (FN) and state laws.

• Assists in the resolution of systemic issues pertaining to the

processing and administration of the protected population.

• Reports allegations of war crimes (from protected personnel or US

soldiers) through the chain of command to the SJA or the United

States Army Criminal Investigation Command (USACIC). The

responsibility for investigating alleged war crimes rests with the SJA

and the criminal investigation division (CID), not the IG.

PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS

2-46.

Psychological operations (PSYOP) are not part of the I/R structure;

however, the PSYOP officer in charge (OIC) of the EPW/CI PSYOP team

supporting I/R operations serves as the special staff officer responsible for

PSYOP. The PSYOP officer advises the MP commander on the psychological

impact of actions to prevent misunderstandings and disturbances by EPWs

and CIs. The EPW/CI PSYOP team—

2-12 Commander and Staff Responsibilities

FM 3-19.40

• Assists the MP force in controlling EPWs and CIs.

• Exposes EPWs and CIs to US and allied policies.

• Develops and executes PSYOP programs to condition EPWs and CIs to

accept facility authority and regulations.

• Gains the cooperation of EPWs and CIs to reduce guard needs.

• Identifies malcontents, trained agitators, and political officers within

the facility who may try to organize a resistance or create a

disturbance.

• Develops and executes indoctrination programs to reduce or remove

proenemy attitudes.

• Recognizes political activists.

• Helps the MP commander control EPWs and CIs during emergencies.

• Plans and executes a PSYOP program that produces an

understanding and appreciation of US policies and actions.

• Uses comprehensive information, reorientation, educational, and

vocational programs to prepare EPWs and CIs for repatriation.

NOTE: See FMs 3-05.30 and 33-1-1 for additional information about

PSYOP support to I/R operations.

SECTION III - TRAINING

2-47. The necessary care and control of housed personnel is best achieved

with carefully selected and trained personnel. The specialized nature of duty

at different facilities requires individuals who can be depended on to cope

successfully with behavior or incidents that call for calm, fair, and immediate

decisive action. These personnel must possess the highest qualities of

leadership and judgment. They are required to observe rigid self-discipline

and maintain a professional attitude at all times.

2-48. Personnel assigned or attached to I/R facilities are trained on the care

and control of housed personnel. They are fully cognizant of the provisions of

the Geneva and UN Conventions and applicable regulations as they apply to

the treatment of housed personnel. A formal training program should

include—

• Principles and laws of land warfare, specifically provisions of Geneva

and UN Conventions and HN laws and customs.

• Supervisory and human relations techniques.

• Methods of self-defense.

• The use of force, the ROE, and the ROI.

• Firearms qualification and familiarization.

• Public relations, particularly CONUS operations.

• First aid.

• Stress management techniques.

• Facility regulations and SOPs.

• Intelligence and counterintelligence techniques.

• Cultural customs and habits of internees.

Commander and Staff Responsibilities 2-13

FM 3-19.40

• The basic language of internees.

2-49. The guard force should receive additional training in—

• Riot control measures, control agents, and dispersers.

• QRF actions.

• Searching techniques, including the use of electronic detection devices.

• Nonlethal equipment and weapons.

2-50. Medical soldiers assigned to the facility may be required to deliver

babies and care for infants and small children. Their training should

include—

• Delivery procedures.

• Birthing techniques.

• Medical conditions associated with malnutrition and water-, food-, and

arthropod-borne diseases.

2-14 Commander and Staff Responsibilities

PART TWO

Enemy Prisoners of War and Civilian Internees

Part Two addresses handling, securing, and accounting for EPWs and CIs. The MP

performing EPW/CI operations must follow specific ROE and ROI applicable to this

category of I/R operations. The EPWs and CIs are not treated as DCs or US military

prisoners. Leaders and soldiers must be knowledgeable of the Geneva and Hague

Conventions, applicable protocols, ARs, and US laws. During war or military

operations other than war (MOOTW) involving US forces, the accountability and safe,

humane treatment of captives are essential. The US policy demands that all persons

who are captured, detained, or held by US forces during conflict be treated humanely.

This policy applies from the moment captives are taken until they are released,

repatriated, or transferred. Chapter 3 describes division collecting points (CPs) and

corps holding areas (CHAs) that may be established throughout the battlefield.

Chapter 4 addresses procedures for EPWs, and Chapter 5 describes procedures for

CIs. Chapter 6 addresses unique planning requirements to be considered when

operating an I/R facility.

Chapter 3

Division Collecting Points and Corps Holding Areas

Chapters 3 and 4 implement STANAG 2044.

A large number of captives on the battlefield hampers maneuver units as

they move to engage and destroy an enemy. To assist maneuver units in

performing their mission—

• Division MP units operate CPs in the division AO.

• Corps MP units operate holding areas in the corps AO.

OVERVIEW

3-1. The MP units accept captives from capturing units as far forward as

possible, and captives are held in CPs and CHAs until they are removed from

the battlefield. Normally, CPs are operated in the division AO and CHAs are

operated in the corps AO; but they can be operated anywhere they are needed.

The CPs and CHAs sustain and safeguard captives and ensure a minimum

level of field processing and accountability. Wounded and sick captives receive

medical treatment, and captives who require lifesaving medical attention are

evacuated to the nearest medical facility.

Division Collecting Points and Corps Holding Areas 3-1

FM 3-19.40

3-2. The MP establish listening posts (LPs), observation posts (OPs), guard

posts, and fighting positions to protect captives and prevent their escape.

Captured soldiers are trained to believe that escape from captivity is their

duty; therefore, they must be closely guarded. Consider the morale and

physical condition of captives when determining the number of guards

needed. Guards must be prepared to use and maintain firm control and

security.

3-3. The MP work closely with military intelligence (MI) interrogation teams

at CPs and CHAs to determine if captives, their equipment, and their

weapons have intelligence value. This process is accelerated when MI

interrogation teams can observe captives during arrival and processing, and

interrogators can also be used as interpreters during this phase. Before a

captive is interviewed by MI personnel, he must have a Department of

Defense (DD) Form 2745 (Figure 3-1) attached to him and be accounted for on

DD Form 2708.

3-4. If the CP or the CHA comes under a nuclear, biological, or chemical

(NBC) attack, remove captives from the contaminated area and

decontaminate them to the same level as US forces. Request assistance for

decontaminating captives through command channels. The supply officer

issues NBC protective equipment and clothing to captives, using captured

materials (when available) or US materials (if necessary).

PROCESSING CAPTIVES

3-5. Processing begins when US forces capture or detain an individual. The

processing is accomplished in the CZ for security, control, intelligence, and the

welfare of captives in evacuation channels. This is referred to as field

processing. The capturing unit begins field processing by using the Five Ss

and T procedure (search, segregate, silence, speed, safeguard, and tag). At the

CP or the CHA, MP continue processing with the principles of STRESS

(search, tag, report, evacuate, segregate, and safeguard).

3-6. After receiving a captive from a capturing unit, MP are responsible for

safeguarding and accounting for the captive at each stage of his removal from

the battlefield. The processing procedure begins upon capture and continues

until the captive reaches the I/R facility and is released. The process of

identifying and tagging a captive helps US forces control and account for him

as they move rearward from the battlefield. Before a captive is interned,

repatriated, or released, MP at the I/R facility must provide full-scale

processing.

3-2 Division Collecting Points and Corps Holding Areas

FM 3-19.40

CAPTURING UNIT

3-7. The Five Ss and T procedure is performed by the capturing unit. The

basic principles are search, segregate, silence, speed, safeguard, and tag (see

Table 3-1).

Table 3-1. Five Ss and T Procedure

Procedure

Description

Search captives for weapons and ammunition, items of intelligence value, and other

inappropriate items.

NOTE: Conduct same-gender searches when possible. If mixed-gender searches are

necessary for speed or security, conduct them in a respectful manner and avoid any

action that could be interpreted as sexual molestation or assault. To prevent allegations

of sexual misconduct, the on-site supervisor carefully controls soldiers who perform

mixed-gender searches.

Segregate

Segregate captives by rank, gender, nationality, and status.

Silence

Do not allow captives to speak or allow anyone to speak to them. Speak to captives only to give

orders.

Speed

Remove captives from the battlefield as quickly as possible.

Safeguard

Safeguard captives according to the Geneva Conventions and the US policy. Provide medical

care as needed.

Tag

Tag captives with a DD Form 2745 or a field-expedient capture tag that includes the following

information:

•

Date of capture.

•

Location of capture (grid coordinates).

•

Capturing unit.

•

Special circumstances of capture (how the person was captured, if he resisted, if he gave

up, and so forth).

NOTE: The capturing unit must complete a capture tag because failure to do so hinders

further processing and disposition.

COLLECTING POINTS AND HOLDING AREAS

3-8. When a captive arrives at a division CP or a CHA, he is processed by the

STRESS method. The basic principles are search, tag, report, evacuate,

segregate, and safeguard (see STANAG 2044).

3-9. Search and inspect each captive and his possessions. Conduct

same-gender searches when possible. If mixed-gender searches are necessary

for speed or security, conduct them in a respectful manner and avoid any

action that could be interpreted as sexual molestation or assault. To prevent

allegations of sexual misconduct, the on-site supervisor carefully controls

soldiers who perform mixed-gender searches. Some items can be retained

during captivity, some items are impounded and eventually returned, and

certain items are confiscated and never returned, even if the captive is

released or repatriated.

3-10. Retained Items. A captive is allowed to keep certain items during his

captivity. They are generally divided into two groups. The first group consists

3-4 Division Collecting Points and Corps Holding Areas

FM 3-19.40

of items taken during the receiving portion of inprocessing and returned later

in the process. The second group consists of items that the captive can keep at

all times. NOTE: These lists are not all inclusive.

• Group 1.

■

Military mess equipment (except knives and forks).

■

Helmet.

■

Protective clothing and equipment

(NBC suits, helmets, and

protective masks) for use during evacuation from the CZ.

■

Personal clothing.

■

Badges of rank and nationality.

■

Military decorations.

■

ID cards and tags.

■

Rations (in the early stages of captivity).

• Group 2.

■

Religious literature (within reason).

■

Personal items having no intelligence value (jewelry and pictures).

3-11. Impounded Items. A captive is not allowed to keep impounded items

during his internment. They can make escape easier or can compromise US

security interests. Impounded items normally include—

• Cameras.

• Radios.

• Currency.

• Negotiable instruments.

3-12. Confiscated Items. The following items are confiscated when

searching a captive:

• Weapons.

• Ammunition.

• Items of intelligence value (maps and orders).

• Other inappropriate items.

3-13. The MP coordinate with MI interrogation teams to determine which

confiscated items have intelligence value. Personal items (diaries, letters from

home, and family pictures) can be taken by MI teams for review and then

returned to the proper owner via MP.

NOTES:

1. Currency is only confiscated on a commissioned officer’s order (see

AR 190-8), and it must be accounted for on DA Form 4137.

2. For an in-depth discussion on impounded and confiscated

property, see AR 190-8 and DFAS-IN 37-1.

3-14. Property Accountability. When seizing property from a captive—

• Bundle it or place it in a bag to keep it intact and separate from other

captives’ possessions.

• Prepare DA Form 4137 for confiscated and impounded property.

Division Collecting Points and Corps Holding Areas 3-5

FM 3-19.40

• Prepare a receipt for currency and negotiable instruments to be signed

by the captive and the receiver. Use cash collection vouchers so that

the value can be credited to each captive ’s account. List currency and

negotiable instruments on the captive’s personal-property list, but

treat them as impounded property.

• Keep the original receipt with the property during evacuation. Give

the captive a copy of the receipt, and tell him to keep it to expedite the

return of his property.

• Have MI sign for property on DA Form 4137 and for captives on DD

Form 2708.

• Return confiscated property to supply after it is cleared by MI teams.

Items kept by MI because of intelligence value are forwarded through

MI channels.

• Evacuate retained items with the captive when he moves to the next

level of internment.

• Maintain controlled access to confiscated and impounded property.

Tag

3-15. Tag each captive with a DD Form 2745. The MP at CPs and CHAs check

each tag for the—

• Date and time of capture.

• Capturing unit.

• Place of capture.

• Circumstances of the capture.

The remaining information on the tag is included as it becomes available.

3-16. A DD Form 2745 is a perforated, three-part form that is individually

serial-numbered. It is constructed of durable, waterproof, tear-resistant

material with reinforced eyeholes on Parts A and C. Part A is attached to the

captive with wire or string, Part B is maintained by the capturing unit for

their records, and Part C is attached to confiscated property so that the owner

can be identified later.

3-17. The MP at division CPs ensure that a DD Form 2745 is placed on each

captive who arrives at the CP without one. They may direct the capturing unit

to complete a capture tag before accepting the prisoner into the CP. The MP—

• Make a statement on the tag if the captive arrived without it.

• Instruct the captive not to remove or alter the tag.

• Annotate the tag’s serial number and the captive ’s name on a locally

developed manifest.

NOTE: See Soldier Training Publication (STP) 21-24-SMCT for more

information on DD Form 2745.

Report

3-18. Report the number of captives at each CP through MP channels. This

aids in the transportation and security planning processes.

3-6 Division Collecting Points and Corps Holding Areas

FM 3-19.40

Evacuate

3-19. Evacuate captives from the CZ through appropriate channels as

humanely and quickly as possible. Do not delay movement to obtain names,

ranks, service numbers, or dates of birth. When moving captives, give them

clear, brief instructions in their own language when possible. Military

necessity may require a delay in movement beyond a reasonable time. When

this occurs, ensure that there is an adequate supply of food, potable water,

appropriate clothing, shelter, and medical attention available.

3-20. The MP ensure that the proper paperwork (DA Form 4137, DD Form

515, and DD Form 2708) is complete before captives are evacuated. If

necessary, a DD Form 2708 (annotated with the number of prisoners) and a

manifest will suffice. Do not expose captives to unnecessary danger, and

protect them while they are awaiting evacuation. For seriously wounded or

sick captives, medical personnel determine if prompt evacuation is more

dangerous than retaining them in the CZ.

Segregate

3-21. The OIC or the noncommissioned officer in charge (NCOIC) is

responsible for the custody of captives. He designates segregation procedures

and levels to ensure their security, health, and welfare. Segregate captives

into the following categories:

• Officers, NCOs, and enlisted members (male and female).

Deserters and those who gave up without a fight may be further

segregated for their protection. Nationally recognized ideologies and

ethnic groups can also be segregated.

• CIs and refugees. They are separated from EPWs.

• US military prisoners. They are separated from all other

prisoners/detainees (EPWs, CIs, ODs, and refugees). (See Chapter 8

for a complete discussion on the confinement of US military

prisoners.)

3-22. Ultimately, all captives are classified as an EPW, a CI, or an OD.

However, it may be impossible to readily classify all captives. If there is any

doubt about a captive’s status, protect him under the rules of the Geneva

Conventions and the US policy until a competent tribunal can determine his

status. (See AR 190-8 for further information.)

3-23. Do not use coercion to obtain information from captives. This includes

basic information such as name, rank, service number, and date of birth that

captives are required to provide under the Geneva Conventions. Coercion or

inhumane treatment of captives is prohibited and is not justified by the stress

of combat or deep provocation. Inhumane treatment is a serious violation of

international law and the UCMJ.

3-24. Do not speak to captives except to give orders or directions. Do not let

captives talk to or signal each other. This prevents them from plotting ways to

counter security and plan escapes. An uncooperative captive can be gagged in

certain tactical situations; however, only use a gag for as long as needed and

ensure that it does not harm the captive.

Division Collecting Points and Corps Holding Areas 3-7

FM 3-19.40

Safeguard

3-25. To safeguard captives according to the Geneva Conventions and the US

policy—

• Provide first aid and medical treatment for wounded and sick

captives. Evacuate them through medical channels, using the assets

available to evacuate US and allied forces.

• Provide food and water. These supplies must be commensurate to

those for US and allied forces (see FM 27-10 and STANAG 2044).

• Provide firm, humane treatment.

• Allow captives to use protective equipment in case of hostile fire or

NBC threat.

• Protect captives from abuse by other captives and local civilians.

• Report acts and allegations of inhumane treatment through MP

channels (see AR 190-40).

• Do not locate captives near obvious targets (ammunition sites, fuel

facilities, and communications equipment).

EVACUATING CAPTIVES

3-26. Remove captives from the CZ as quickly as possible. The intent is to

move them from division CPs to an I/R facility. The goal is for higher echelons

to go forward to lower echelons and evacuate captives to the rear as follows:

• Division MP move forward to the forward CP to escort captives to the

central CP.

• Corps MP move forward to the central CP to escort captives to the

CHA.

• Echelons above corps (EAC) MP move forward to the CHA to escort

captives to the I/R facility.

3-27. If escort guard companies are available in the TO, they are placed under

OPCON of the MP commander. They—

• Provide supervisory and security personnel during evacuation and/or

movement.

• Go forward to the corps and the division to escort captives to the I/R

facility.

• Escort captives from the division forward CP to the corps or the EAC

(in coordination with the respective echelon provost marshal [PM]).

SICK AND WOUNDED CAPTIVES

3-28. Medical personnel decide which captives must be medically evacuated

or moved within MP channels, while MP or other command-directed

nonmedical personnel provide prisoner security. Generally, walking wounded

are moved through MP channels and litter patients are moved through

medical channels. The US provides the same medical care for wounded and

sick captives as it does for its own forces and allied soldiers. The degree of

medical care, not status (such as EPW or CI), determines the disposition of

wounded soldiers.

3-8 Division Collecting Points and Corps Holding Areas

FM 3-19.40

3-29. Seriously wounded or ill captives are stabilized and evacuated through

medical channels to the rear area as quickly as possible. If the captive

requires medical evacuation—

• Report the captive ’s medical condition through medical channels to

the next higher echelon.

• Request disposition instructions from the corps medical regulating

officer (MRO).

3-30. The MRO coordinates transportation and identifies the treatment

facility where wounded and sick captives are taken. Accountability for

captives within medical channels is the responsibility of the MRO and the

hospital commander. They coordinate their efforts with the IRIC.

3-31. The MP determine if there is a security risk during medical evacuation

of wounded and sick captives. Ordinarily, captives who require medical

evacuation are less likely to be a security risk. However, captives well enough

to be a security risk are treated and returned to MP control.

3-32. If medical personnel request MP to guard captives at a medical facility

in the corps area and the corps commander chooses to delegate that

responsibility to the MP, the PM allocates support on a case-by-case basis. The

MP structure is not designed to provide MP to guard hospitalized captives on

a continuous, uninterrupted basis.

ABLE-BODIED CAPTIVES

3-33. The MP guard able-bodied captives during movement to prevent escape,

liberation, or injury. A general planning consideration when determining the

number of MP necessary is one for every five to ten captives. An MP unit

tasked to escort captives considers the following information when

determining the number of guards needed:

• The mission, enemy, terrain, troops, time available, and civilian

considerations (METT-TC).

• The number of captives being moved.

• The condition and morale of the captives. Fatigued and/or cooperative

individuals require fewer guards then fresh, motivated individuals.

• The type of transportation and its scheduled arrival.

• The type of terrain along the evacuation route. Routes where dense

vegetation is close to the road often require more guards then open,

clear terrain.

• The threat level along the route. As the threat level increases, so does

the need to increase security. Consider the anticipated presence of

suspected sympathizers and hostile, local nationals along the route.

• The location of MP units or bases/base clusters along the route.

• The location and number of rest stops. This is based on the

transportation, the distance, and the terrain.

3-34. When moving forward to escort captives to the rear area, MP

responsibilities begin at the CP or the CHA where custody is accepted. Verify

the method of moving captives, the location and time of pickup, and the

number of captives contained in orders from higher headquarters. The MP

units cannot transport captives with organic assets.

Division Collecting Points and Corps Holding Areas 3-9

FM 3-19.40

3-35. The preferred method for moving captives through a battlefield is the

backhaul system. This transportation system relies on assets that have

delivered their primary cargo and are available to move personnel and

materials to another location. The availability of vehicles will vary, depending

on the cargo delivered to the area. The command and control (C²) element of

the MP unit tasked with evacuation arranges transportation through the local

MCO.

3-36. If the backhaul system cannot be employed, the MP unit guarding the

captives requests an alternate means of transportation. Captives are moved

on foot only as a last resort and upon approval of the MP unit commander.

DIVISION COLLECTING POINTS

3-37. A division operates two types of CPs—forward and central. A division

MP company operates forward CPs in each maneuver brigade AO and a

central CP in the division rear area. Both CPs are temporary areas designed

to hold captives until they are removed from the battlefield. Forward CPs are

positioned as far forward as possible to accept captives from maneuver

elements. Central CPs accept captives from forward CPs and local units.

FORWARD COLLECTING POINTS

3-38. Forward CPs (Figure 3-2) are needed when a brigade conducts an

offensive operation and is likely to take captives. When a maneuver brigade

has an MP platoon in direct support (DS), MP teams set up and operate

forward CPs. A brigade without an MP platoon in DS sets up and operates its

own forward CPs.

3-39. The number of MP teams needed to operate a forward CP is based on

the number of captives expected and METT-TC. The projected number of

captives is based on mission analysis and intelligence estimates conducted by

the brigade Intelligence Officer (US Army) (S2). Division forward CPs are

mobile; they can be set up, expanded, and relocated quickly as the tactical

situation warrants.

Location

3-40. The brigade operation plan (OPLAN) or operation order (OPORD)

provides the general location of forward CPs. They are located near or in the

brigade support area (BSA), in an area that prevents captives from observing

activities within the BSA. They are also located near main supply routes

(MSRs) to make delivery, evacuation, and resupply easier.

Medical Support

3-41. Medical support is provided by the MP company medical section.

Additional medical support can be requested through the forward support

battalion (FSB) to the brigade medical officer. The brigade OPORD includes

specific actions and support (operational requirements) needed from non-MP

units.

3-10 Division Collecting Points and Corps Holding Areas

FM 3-19.40

Concertina

Trench or cover

Water can or lister bag

Latrine

NOTES:

1. The size of the enclosure and the placement of internal facilities, water, latrines, trenches,

and cover vary based on the situation.

2. Construction supplies are concertina, barbed wire, long and short pickets, staples, anchors,

and water cans. See FM 5-34 for a complete list of supplies and instructions on components.

Figure 3-2. Forward CP

Planning Considerations

3-42. When a division MP company commander is tasked with planning and

operating a forward CP, he—

• Coordinates with the unit responsible for the area.

• Conducts a recon of the area before selecting a location.

• Locates it far enough from the fighting to avoid minor shifts in the

main battle area (MBA) (normally 5 to 10 kilometers).

• Notifies the BSA tactical operations center

(TOC) and the PM

operations section of the selected location (grid coordinates). The BSA

TOC reports the location to the brigade TOC, and the brigade TOC

notifies subordinate units.

• Coordinates with MI on collocating an MI interrogation team at the

CP.

• Provides potable water and, if required, food for captives.

3-43. A forward CP is seldom located near the indigenous population to

prevent problems caused by the presence of captives in the area. A forward CP

is usually a guarded, roped-off area (concertina or razor tape) or a secure,

fixed facility. The capture rate and the captive categories determine the size of

Division Collecting Points and Corps Holding Areas 3-11

FM 3-19.40

the forward CP. If possible, use existing structures (vacant schools,

apartments, and warehouses) to conserve resources and provide protection for

captives. When selecting a location, consider—

• Security.

• Medical support.

• Food and potable water.

• Field sanitation (latrine facilities).

• Shelter.

• Cover. (Captives can dig or build cover to protect themselves from

direct and indirect fire.)

• Access routes.

Accountability

3-44. Account for each captive and his equipment when they arrive at the

forward CP.

Evacuation

3-45. Captives should not remain at a forward CP more than 12 hours before

being escorted to the central CP. When they have been processed and are

ready for evacuation, MP leaders—

• Report the status to the BSA TOC and the PM (through MP channels).

• Request transportation, rations, and water from the FSB Supply

Officer (US Army) (S4).

• Ensure that receipts are ready for signature.

• Ensure that property is properly tagged and given to escort guards.

CENTRAL COLLECTING POINTS

3-46. A central CP (Figure 3-3) is larger than a forward CP, but it has a

similar setup and operation. The larger holding capacity of a central CP

requires additional MP. If sufficient MP are unavailable, it is augmented by a

division, corps, or EAC band to assist with perimeter security. Captives are

provided food, water, first aid, and medical attention as required.

Location

3-47. As stated in the division OPLAN or OPORD, a central CP is located

near the division support area (DSA) in an area that prevents captives from

observing activities within the DSA. It is also located near MSRs to make

delivery, evacuation, and resupply easier.

Medical Support

3-48. Prevent captives from incurring disease and nonbattle injuries (DNBI)

(heat and cold injuries or communicable diseases) while in captivity. Isolate

captives who exhibit obvious signs of disease (diarrhea, vomiting, or fever)

until medical personnel make an evaluation. If a large number of captives

appear ill, notify medical and command channels for immediate

action/treatment.

3-12 Division Collecting Points and Corps Holding Areas

FM 3-19.40

Not to scale

15'

Fighting position

Concertina

Latrine

Water

NOTES:

1. The MP use existing structures when possible to reduce construction requirements.

2. The size and configuration of compounds and the placement of internal facilities,

field-processing sites, MI screening sites, PSYOP areas, close-confinement areas for disruptive

captives, and medical areas vary based on the situation.

3. Construction supplies are GP medium tents (20 captives per tent), concertina, barbed wire,

long and short pickets, staples, anchors, and water cans. See FM 5-34 for the use of

triple-standard concertina wire.

Figure 3-3. Central CP

3-49. The division PVNTMED section supports the central CP by—

• Monitoring drinking water and advising on disinfection procedures.

• Controlling animals and insects that carry disease.

• Ensuring that captives help prevent illness by—

■

Drinking enough water.

■

Wearing clothing that is suited for the weather and the situation.

■

Handling heating fuels carefully.

■

Avoiding contact of exposed skin to cold metal.

■

Using insect repellent, netting, and insecticides.

■

Taking approved preventive medication.

■

Using purification tablets when water quality is uncertain.

■

Disposing of bodily wastes properly.

■

Practicing personal hygiene.

Division Collecting Points and Corps Holding Areas 3-13

FM 3-19.40

Planning Considerations

3-50. When a division MP company commander is tasked with establishing

and operating a central CP, he—

• Coordinates with the unit responsible for the area.

• Conducts a recon of the area before selecting a location.

• Notifies the PM of the exact location (grid coordinates). The PM

notifies the division rear CP operations cell, who notifies area units.

• Coordinates with MI on collocating an MI interrogation team at the

CP.

• Ensures that the location is accessible to units escorting captives from

forward CPs.

3-51. Like a forward CP, a central CP is seldom located near the indigenous

population. Use existing structures, when available, to conserve resources. If

structures are unavailable, construct the central CP from similar material as

forward CPs. However, a central CP is larger and must contain some type of

tentage or shelter to protect captives from the elements. A bunker in each

compound or free access to a bunker is needed to protect captives from direct

and indirect fire. Enlisted captives can be tasked to help construct a central

CP (especially bunkers); however, officer captives cannot be used.

3-52. A central CP is as mobile as a forward CP. It must also be set up,

expanded, and relocated quickly as the tactical situation dictates. Units

within the DSA provide support as stated in the division OPORD. The MP

company medical section provides medical support to personnel in the central

CP, and additional medical support can be requested from the command

surgeon.

Accountability

3-53. Account for each captive and his equipment when they arrive at the

central CP. Use the STRESS method to process captives who are brought

directly to the central CP by a capturing unit (see paragraph 3-8).

Evacuation of Captives

3-54. Captives should not remain at the central CP more than 24 hours before

being evacuated to the CHA. When all captives are accounted for, processed,

and ready for evacuation to the CHA, MP leaders—

• Report the status to the division rear CP and to the PM (through MP

channels).

• Request transportation, rations, and water through logistics channels

in the division rear.

• Ensure that receipts are ready for signature.

• Ensure that property is tagged with Part C of DD Form 2745 and

given to the escort guards.

3-14 Division Collecting Points and Corps Holding Areas

FM 3-19.40

CORPS HOLDING AREAS

3-55. A CHA (Figure 3-4) can hold more captives for longer periods of times

than a central CP. Depending on the availability of MP units to establish I/R

facilities, corps MP units must be prepared to hold captives at the CHA more

than 72 hours. If the CHA keeps captives more than 72 hours, MP must plan

and coordinate for the increased logistics and personnel required to operate a

long-term facility. The decision to hold captives longer is based on METT-TC

and the availability of forces. Captives remain in the CHA until they are

evacuated to an I/R facility or until hostilities end.

GP medium tent

Cover

Latrine

Water

Concertina

Barbed wire

Center line

10' wooden gate

NOTES:

1. Construction supplies include concertina, barbed wire, long and short pickets, staples, and

anchors.

2. See FM 5-34 for instructions on the use of triple-standard concertina wire.

Figure 3-4. Corps Holding Area

3-56. A CHA receives captives from CPs and units that capture them in the

rear area. Usually, one CHA is established to support each division conducting

operations. However, additional CHAs may be required based on the—

• Size of the corps area.

• Type of terrain.

• Length of the LOC between the CHA and the division central CPs.

• Number of captives being moved.

Division Collecting Points and Corps Holding Areas 3-15

FM 3-19.40

LOCATION

3-57. A CHA is usually located near a base or a base cluster in the corps rear

area. When selecting a site—

• Coordinate with the unit responsible for the area (terrain) and the

corps rear CP.

• Conduct a recon to select a location.

■

Is it adjacent to an MSR, a railroad, or an airfield?

■

Are existing buildings available?

■

Is it close to supply facilities?

■

Is it easily protected from enemy activities?

• Ensure that the location allows division of the site into two or more

compounds for segregation, security, and ease of control.

• Report the exact location (grid coordinates) through MP channels to

the unit responsible for the area. The MI coordinates with MP on

collocating an MI interrogation team at the CP. However, MP may

have to contact MI to initiate the action.

• Ensure that the site is accessible to units escorting captives from

division central CPs.

CONSTRUCTION

3-58. A CHA is more permanent than CPs. Existing structures may be used

and are preferred. The capture rate and the captive categories determine the

size of the CHA. A multistory building has a smaller perimeter to guard;

however, it requires using guards on each floor and may present a security

risk for the guards. Depending on the tactical situation, perimeter lighting

can be used.

3-59. When constructing a CHA, divide it into two or more compounds for

segregation, security, and ease of control. Consider providing more than one

entrance into the CHA. Include a reception area for further processing,

searching, and examining of selected captives by MI. Include sanitary

facilities (showers and latrines) and shelter (tentage and existing buildings)

from the elements and direct and indirect fire.

GUARD FORCE

3-60. The exact CHA setup and design depend on many factors, including

construction materials, terrain, and forces. An MP platoon or company from a

corps MP battalion usually operates a CHA. A platoon can guard 500 captives,

while a company can guard 2,000. During mass captures, a guard force

augmentation may be required to handle unexpected workload. The corps

band can augment MP guards to aid in security. As the population of the CHA

increases, evacuations to the I/R facility also increase.

LOGISTICS

3-61. Request supplies through logistic channels for construction,

maintenance, and day-to-day operations of a CHA. Support agreements can be

arranged between MP headquarters and a base or base cluster where the

CHA is located. Plan ahead to provide food and water.

3-16 Division Collecting Points and Corps Holding Areas

FM 3-19.40

MEDICAL AND SANITATION CONSIDERATIONS

3-62. The CHA guards isolate wounded captives and captives suspected of

having a communicable disease until medical personnel can examine them

(see Chapter 2). Take necessary sanitary measures to ensure a clean, healthy

CHA and to prevent epidemics. Request PVNTMED units to assist and advise

unit field sanitation teams on—

• The survey and control of disease-carrying insects and rodents.

• Sanitary engineering (water treatment and waste disposal).

EVACUATION

3-63. The procedures used to escort captives from division forward and

central CPs to a CHA are also used to escort captives from a CHA to an I/R

facility.

COLLOCATED SCREENING SITES

3-64. To facilitate collecting enemy tactical information, MI may collocate

interrogation teams at CPs and CHAs. This provides MI with direct access to

captives and their equipment and documents. Coordination is made between

MP and MI to establish operating procedures that include accountability. An

interrogation area is established away from the receiving/processing line so

that MI personnel can interrogate captives and examine their equipment and

documents. If a captive or his equipment or documents are removed from the

receiving/processing line, account for them on DD Form 2708 and DA Form

4137.

INTERROGATION TEAMS

3-65. The MI interrogation teams screen captives at CPs and CHAs, looking

for anyone who is a potential source of information. Screeners observe

captives from an area close to the dismount point or processing area. As each

captive passes, MI personnel examine the capture tag and look for branch

insignias that indicate a captive with information to support command

priority intelligence requirements (PIR) and information requirements (IR).

They also look for captives who are willing or attempting to talk to guards;

joining the wrong group intentionally; or displaying signs of nervousness,

anxiety, or fear.

3-66. The MP assist MI screeners by identifying captives who may have

answers that support PIR and IR. Because MP are in constant contact with

captives, they see how certain captives respond to orders and see the type of

requests they make. The MP ensure that searches requested by MI are

conducted out of sight of other captives and that guards conduct same-gender

searches.

3-67. The MI screeners examine captured documents, equipment and, in some

cases, personal papers (journals, diaries, and letters from home). They are

looking for information that identifies a captive and his organization, mission,

and personal backg1round (family, knowledge, and experience). Knowledge of a

captive’s physical and emotional status or other information helps screeners

determine his willingness to cooperate.

Division Collecting Points and Corps Holding Areas 3-17

FM 3-19.40

LOCATION

3-68. Consider the following when planning an MI screening site:

• The site is located where screeners can observe captives as they are

segregated and processed. It is shielded from the direct view of

captives and is far enough away that captives cannot overhear

screeners’ conversations.

• The site has an operation, administrative, and interrogation area. The

interrogation area accommodates an interrogator, a captive, a guard,

and an interpreter as well as furniture. Lights are available for night

operations.

• Procedures are implemented to verify that sick and wounded captives

have been treated and released by authorized medical personnel.

• Guards are available and procedures are implemented for escorting

captives to the interrogation site.

• Procedures are published to inform screeners who will be moved and

when they will be moved.

• Accountability procedures are implemented and required forms are

available.

COLLECTING POINTS IN OTHER OPERATIONS

3-69. The CPs can also be operated during river crossing, amphibious,

airborne, armored, and air assault operations:

•

River crossing operations. Establish temporary CPs on entry and

exit sides of the river (corps MP often take control of CPs). Return

from the exit bank and evacuate captives to the rear, preventing

interference with tactical operations and protecting captives from

hostile fire. Coordinate with traffic control personnel at the crossing

site to prevent interference with assault forces who are moving

forward. Use a secondary crossing site if available.

•

Amphibious operations. The assault force initially operates CPs in

the beachhead and then escorts captives to designated ships. The MP

coordinate with the support force for handling captives after they are

escorted from the beachhead. When facilities, supplies, and personnel

permit, retain captives in the objective area if they can be protected

from enemy fire.

•

Airborne operations. The METT-TC considerations for collecting

captives include the geographical location of the airhead, the tactical

plan, the availability of transportation, and plans for linking up with

ground forces. Captives are primarily moved by air during the early

stages of the operation, which requires CPs to be established near

landing zones (LZs). Consider attaching additional MP elements from

area EAC to guard captives during evacuation.

•

Armored operations. Armored units can penetrate deep into hostile

territory, bypassing pockets of enemy resistance on their way to the

objective. This leaves isolated enemy units on the battlefield, which

may hinder the normal evacuation of captives to the rear area. Hold

captives at the CP until they can be safely evacuated from the

battlefield.

3-18 Division Collecting Points and Corps Holding Areas

Chapter 4

Enemy Prisoners of War

Chapters 3 and 4 implement STANAG 2044.

The MP are responsible for evacuating EPWs from division CPs to CHAs

and then to internment facilities (normally located in the COMMZ). This

chapter addresses procedures for properly handling, processing, and

safeguarding EPWs. The procedures outlined in this chapter are also

applicable to RPs. (See Chapter 1 for complete definitions and AR 190-8 for

more details.)

EVACUATION

4-1. Corps MP commanders evacuate EPWs from CHAs to internment

facilities promptly and safely. Their responsibilities include security,

accountability, and support. They also account for equipment and documents

and provide escort guards if an escort guard company is unavailable.

4-2. Escort guard companies are responsible for EPW operations in the TO,

and they escort EPWs from CHAs to internment facilities. They are assigned

to MP I/R battalions and brigades. However, if they arrive before MP I/R units,

they are attached to MP CS brigades. To expedite prompt, full evacuation of

EPWs, escort guards can be pre-positioned in CHAs so that they are

continuously available.

4-3. The evacuation chain normally moves EPWs from a division forward CP

to a division central CP, to a CHA, and then to an internment facility. When

circumstances permit, such as taking advantage of available transportation,

evacuation procedures may bypass one or more echelons below corps (EBC)

facilities.

RECEIVING AND PROCESSING AREAS

4-4. Receiving and processing begin when EPWs arrive. However, due to

limited manning, these functions are not operational 24 hours a day. An

internment facility receives, secures, houses, and feeds EPWs until receiving

and processing lines are operational. The EPWs are then brought forward,

and the internment process begins.

4-5. Use a controlled-flow format to escort EPWs through the processing line.

Normally, four EPWs are processed at a time and the average is eight per

hour. These numbers may increase or decrease based on the capture rate and

the nature of the operation. Secure unprocessed EPWs in a holding area.

Enemy Prisoners of War 4-1

FM 3-19.40

4-6. Request interpreters from MI, PSYOP, allied forces, or local authorities

as necessary. This may require identifying and clearing trusted EPWs or local

nationals to interpret. Interpreters are usually necessary when entering data

into the Internment/Resettlement Information System (IRIS).

4-7. The preparation and dispatch of DA Forms 2674-R are governed by AR

190-8, and they are prepared at each internment facility. Brigade or

internment facility commanders may require feeder reports from various

compounds to facilitate the preparation of internee strength reports.

NOTE: See STANAG 2044 for more information on reports and

accountability as they apply to NATO TOs.

4-8. Table 4-1 outlines the internment process for EPWs. It shows who is

responsible for each step and what actions they must accomplish. Based on

METT-TC, the commander may tailor stations to meet the situation. Stations

1 through 4 are in the receiving line, and Stations 5 through 9 are in the

processing line.

Table 4-1. Processing Actions at the EPW Processing Area

Responsible

Station

Purpose

Actions

Individuals*

Receiving Line

Assign ISNs.

Follow accountability procedures.

Escort EPWs and their property.

Strip-search EPWs (by MP of the same sex) before entering

the processing area unless prohibited by conditions.

Remove and examine property, place it in a container or a tray,

mark it with a control number, and take it to a temporary

storage area. (Some property may be returned in the

processing line.)

Supervise the movement of EPWs to the next station.

Personal

MP and

Allow EPWs to shower, shave, and get haircuts.

hygiene

processed

Disinfect EPWs using the guidelines established by the

EPWs (when

PVNTMED officer.

possible)

Supervise the movement of EPWs to the next station.

*The number of people used to perform tasks depends on the number of EPWs and the amount of time

available. Other soldiers assigned to the unit may perform non-MP-specific tasks if necessary.

4-2 Enemy Prisoners of War

FM 3-19.40

Table 4-1. Processing Actions at the EPW Processing Area (continued)

Responsible

Station

Purpose

Actions

Individuals*

Medical

Inspect EPWs for signs of illness or injury.

evaluation

personnel and

Evacuate EPWs who need treatment at a medical facility.

Give immunizations or request immunization support from the

supporting medical unit before internment or evacuation.

Initiate treatment and immunization records.

Place control numbers on medical records to reduce linguist

support. (Names, service numbers, and ISNs are entered at

Station 1 with the aid of an interpreter.)

Annotate medical records with the date and place EPWs were

inspected, immunized, and disinfected.

Weigh EPWs and establish a weight register.

Supervise the movement of EPWs to the next station.

Personal items

Issue personal-comfort items (toilet paper, soap, toothbrush,

and toothpaste).

Issue clothing (clean and distinctive, like brightly colored

jumpsuits if available) that is—

•

Taken from EPWs at Station 1.

•

Obtained from captured enemy supplies.

•

Obtained through normal supply channels.

Ensure that clothing is marked “PW” as required.

Escort EPWs to the processing area (Station 5).

Processing Line

Administrative

Processing

Ensure that ISNs are assigned to EPWs. Note the capture tag

accountability

clerk (assisted

numbers that ISNs are replacing so that late-arriving property

by an

can be matched to its owner.

interpreter, MI,

Initiate personnel records, ID documents, and property

or others) and

receipts.

Use digital equipment to generate forms and records.

Prepare forms and records to maintain the accountability of

EPWs and their property (STANAG 2044).

Prepare forms for repatriation or international transfer as

specified in local regulations or SOPs.

Supervise the movement of EPWs to the next station.

*The number of people used to perform tasks depends on the number of EPWs and the amount of time

available. Other soldiers assigned to the unit may perform non-MP-specific tasks if necessary.

Enemy Prisoners of War 4-3

FM 3-19.40

Table 4-1.

Processing Actions at the EPW Processing Area (continued)

Responsible

Station

Purpose

Actions

Individuals*

Photography

Fingerprint EPWs. Identify and record the information on

and

fingerprint cards.

fingerprinting

Take two photographs (with instant film or digital technology).

Have EPWs look straight ahead, and fill the frame with their

face.

Use photograph name boards (black backg1round with white

characters). List ISNs and names (translated into English) at

the bottom center.

Attach one photograph to the EPW’s personnel record.

Give a completed, laminated ID card (which contains the

second photograph) to the EPW.

Supervise the movement of EPWs to the next station.

Personal

Inventory and record property (in the presence of EPWs)

property

brought from temporary property storage areas.

Make separate lists for returned, stored, impounded, and

confiscated property. List property to be returned to EPWs or

stored during internment on a separate list.

Provide receipts for property placed in temporary storage.

Provide receipts for money placed in EPW accounts (AR

190-8 and DFAS-IN 37-1).

Return retained property that was taken from the EPW at

Station 1.

Supervise the movement of EPWs to the next station.

Records

Review processed records for completeness and accuracy.

review

Escort EPWs back to processing stations to correct errors if

necessary.

Let EPWs prepare notification-of-capture cards. If being

interned at the same place as processing, let EPWs prepare

notification-of-address cards. If EPWs are unable to write their

own cards, have someone authorized by the commander to do

it for them.

Prepare and maintain an accountability roster of all EPWs.

Accountability

Sign for and take custody of EPWs (can use movement

transfer

manifest), their records, and their impounded property if

moving to another facility.

Evacuate or ship impounded property separately according to

JTRs.

*The number of people used to perform tasks depends on the number of EPWs and the amount of time

available. Other soldiers assigned to the unit may perform non-MP-specific tasks if necessary.

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RECEIVING LINE

4-9. When EPWs arrive at the internment facility, segregate them from those

who arrived earlier and those who are partially processed. Count the EPWs

and match them against the manifest and the receipts for them and their

equipment.

4-10. Field-process each EPW if the capturing unit or the CP did not

field-process him (Chapter 3). Ensure that he receives the serial number from

his capture tag (DD Form 2745). (The number is used to track him until he

receives an internment serial number [ISN]).

4-11. Record his capture tag serial number and last name on an ID band. Use

a banding kit to attach the band to his left wrist. Match his capture tag serial

number with the number on his personal property, or if necessary, mark his

capture tag serial number on his personal property.

4-12. Store personal property in a temporary storage area until EPWs are

fully processed, and control access to the storage area. Ensure that EPWs

receive food and water and, if necessary, first aid and medical treatment. Take

them to the processing area as soon as the receiving process is complete. If

they cannot be processed immediately, hold them in the receiving area.

PROCESSING LINE

4-13. After EPWs have completed the receiving portion of their processing,

move them to the processing line, where they are formally processed into the

facility. They are entered into the IRIS database, and the IRIC forwards the

information to the national IRIC for dissemination to the protecting power.

The processing element—

• Keeps segregated EPWs apart as much as possible during processing.

• Conducts administrative processing.

• Expedites the processing of EPWs selected by MI teams for

interrogation.

• Assigns each EPW an ISN.

• Replaces the control number on each EPW’s wrist with his ISN.

PERSONNEL FILE

4-14. Ensure that the following forms are included in each EPW’s personnel

file:

• DA Form 1131-R. Use this voucher to verify the balance of funds.

• DA Form 1132-R. List the EPW’s personal property on this form.

• DA Form 2662-R. Issue this card if the EPW does not hold one from

his country.

• DA Form 2663-R. Prepare this card for each EPW upon processing

into the facility.

• DA Form 2664-R. Initiate this form upon inprocessing and update it

monthly.

• DA Form 4137. Record confiscated currency on this form.

• DA Form 4237-R. Prepare this form for each EPW processed into the

facility.

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FM 3-19.40

• DD Form 2708. Use this form to account for evacuated EPWs,

regardless of the evacuation channel.

• DD Form 2745. File Part B of this tag in the personnel record.

INTERNMENT SERIAL NUMBER

4-15. The national IRIC forwards blocks of ISNs to designated IRICs in the

TO and CONUS as required. The ISNs are used to identify EPWs in US

custody. Each ISN is a unique, individual number; no two are alike. An ISN

consists of two parts:

• The first part contains the letters “US,” a number indicating the TO

where the EPW came into US custody, and two letters representing

the EPW’s country of origin.

• The second part is a series of six numbers that are assigned (in

sequential order) to each EPW processed in the command. The

numbers are followed by the letters “EPW,” “CI,” “RP,” or “OD” to

denote the EPW’s category.

For example, the first EPW processed by the US Army in TO 9, whose country

designation is AB, is assigned ISN US9AB000001EPW.

4-16. If the situation permits, the IRIC processes EPWs at division CPs and

CHAs. Assign ISNs as early as possible. However, if an ISN is not assigned

until Station 1 (see Table 4-1, page 4-3), use the capture tag number, the

manifest number, or another control number until an ISN is assigned.

NOTE: See STANAG 2044 and AR 190-8 for additional information on

ISNs.

IDENTIFICATION BAND

4-17. The EPW ID bands are used to—

• Verify EPW rosters against the compound population.

• Identify compound work details.

• Match EPWs with their medical records.

• Check identities of EPWs being transferred or repatriated against

transfer rosters.

• Permit rapid, reliable ID of EPWs.

• Enhance facility administration and operation.

4-18. An EPW can remove his ID band, but doing so destroys the band so that

someone else cannot use it without being detected. The MP cannot prevent

EPWs from destroying bands; however, most EPWs accept the use of the band

for ID purposes.

4-19. Record the EPW’s ISN and last name on his ID band, and secure it to

his left wrist. To enhance facility administration and operation, use various

colored bands to further identify EPWs by category. For example, use—

• Blue for officers.

• Red for NCOs.

• Yellow for enlisted soldiers.

• Black for RPs.

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FM 3-19.40

• Green for CIs.

• White for ODs.

If EPW ID bands are unavailable, use a medical wristband or something

similar.

4-20. When serious deterioration is detected or the ISN and name is obscured,

replace the ID band with a new one. Conduct periodic, random checks to

detect wear and tear and efforts to destroy the band. In addition, look for

efforts to exchange bands between EPWs (removing the ID band results in

damage that is easily detected). When firm ID is needed, such as transfer or

hospitalization, carefully examine the ID band for evidence of having been

removed. Conduct periodic, routine inspections of randomly selected ID bands

in dining-facility lines, during compound inspections, and at other opportune

times.

FLOW OF INFORMATION

4-21. Regard the information collected from EPWs as sensitive to protect

them and the soldiers who are guarding them. If belligerent nations discover

how many EPWs are in a facility or discover the location of a facility, it may be

targeted to silence the sources of information. Maintain proper security

throughout the information flow, and disseminate information through proper

channels. The IRIC acts as a hub for information that CHAs and internment

facilities produce. Report personnel records electronically on the IRIS or, if

necessary, as a paper file.

4-22. The information flow begins when the EPW is captured and a DD Form

2745 is initiated. The ISN, which is assigned upon arrival at a CHA or an

internment facility, is the key to tracking EPWs throughout the I/R system.

4-23. Information collected during processing (initial and full) and entered

into the IRIS (CHA or internment facility) is sent to the IRIC. The IRIC

collects the entire personnel file; it is normally electronic with a hard-copy

backup. The internment facility reports the information to the IRIC, who

disseminates it as appropriate. The strength report (DA Form 2674-R) is the

only information passed up the internment facility’s chain of command.

Questions regarding the information or EPW flow in the TO are directed to

the IRIC.

NOTE: Hasty processing can be initiated if normal processing cannot

be done in a reasonable amount of time (normal processing is

completed later).

Initial Processing

4-24. During initial processing (at the point of capture), gather critical

information from EPWs and assign ISNs. The minimum information needed

during initial processing is the—

• Complete name (first, middle, and last).

• Service number.

• Rank.

• Capturing unit.

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• Date of capture.

• Place of capture (grid coordinates).

• Circumstances of capture.

4-25. The above information (along with the capturing country, the TO, the

power served, the sequence number, and the EPW category) is enough to move

the EPW into an internment facility where additional information is gathered.

Much of the information is gleaned from the capture tag. The IRIC provides

block ISNs, and other information is theater- and situation-driven. The initial

processing is quick and effective.

Intermediate Processing

4-26. Per AR 190-8, the national IRIC is responsible for collecting the

following items to complete the intermediate processing:

• The date of birth.

• The city of birth.

• The country of birth.

• The name and address of next of kin (NOK) (father/mother).

• The location of confiscated property.

• The nationality.

• A general statement of health.

• The nation in whose armed services the individual is serving.

• The name and address of a person to be notified of the individual’s

capture.

• The address to which correspondence may be sent.

• Certificates of death or authenticated lists of the dead.

• The location of war graves (grid coordinates) and particulars of the

dead.

• The notification of capture (including the date sent).

• The list of personal articles of value not restored upon repatriation.

Full Processing

4-27. Remember, an EPW is only required to give his name, rank, and service

number. However, collect additional information if possible. An EPW is

considered fully processed when the personnel file is complete. This includes

the fields completed during initial and intermediate processing and those

listed below:

• Education.

• Religion.

• Marital status.

• Internment facility unit identification code (UIC).

• Sex.

• Languages spoken.

• Internment facility location.

• Enemy unit.

• Arm of service.

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• Military occupational specialty (MOS).

• Civilian occupational specialty (COS).

• Corps area of capture.

• Mother’s maiden name.

• Permanent home address.

• Other particulars from the ID card.

• Distinguishing marks.

• Impounded personal property and money.

• Photograph.

• Prepared by, date prepared, place prepared, and signature.

• Immunizations.

• Internment employment compensation.

• Serious offenses, punishments, and escapes (including dates).

• Transfers.

• Financial status at the time of first and second international

transfers.

• Repatriation.

• Financial status at the time of repatriation.

• Remarks.

ASSIGNMENT TO INTERNMENT FACILITIES

4-28. Selectively assign EPWs to internment facilities that best meet their

needs and the needs of the detaining power. To prevent problems, isolate

EPWs from the general population if they hold violent, opposing ideologies.

After EPWs are assigned to a facility, they may be further segregated due to

nationality, language, and so forth. Normally, EPWs are segregated into the

following categories:

• Officer.

• NCO.

• Enlisted.

• CI.

• RP.

• Male.

• Female.

4-29. The EPWs may be further assigned to separate compounds. Always

intern females in compounds that are separate from males. Further

separation of EPWs may be necessary depending on security issues. (See

Chapter 6 for further information on I/R facilities.)

CLASSIFICATION AND REASSIGNMENT

4-30. The initial classification of an EPW is based on unsupported statements

or documentation provided by them. Assignment to a specific compound

within the internment facility is based on the assumption that the identity

provided by the EPW is correct.

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FM 3-19.40

4-31. After an EPW is assigned to a facility, expect a continuing need for

further reclassification and reassignment. Because the identity of the EPW

was based on unsupported statements or documentation supplied by him, it

may be necessary to reclassify him a second time as his identity becomes

apparent. Agitators, enemy plants, or EPW leaders are eventually uncovered

by their activities. They may be reclassified according to their new identity or

ideology and reassigned to a more appropriate facility.

4-32. Anticipate the reclassification and reassignment of EPWs within the

facility or to other facilities. The initial classification may be challenged by the

EPW or MP assets. An individual may provide statements or documents that

indicate he should be reclassified, or observations made by MP or MI may

determine that an individual was incorrectly classified.

TRIBUNAL

4-33. A tribunal is held according to Article 5, GPW. It determines the status

of an individual who does not appear to be entitled to EPW status but—

• Commits a belligerent act to aid enemy armed forces.

• Engages in a hostile activity to aid enemy armed forces.

• Asserts that he or she is entitled to treatment as an EPW.

TRANSFER BETWEEN FACILITIES

4-34. A transfer may be a result of reclassification or another situation

requiring the movement of an EPW. Transfer an EPW from one facility to

another under conditions that are comparable to those for a member of the US

armed forces when possible. Security measures are determined by MP and are

influenced by the type of EPW being transferred, the mode of transportation

used, and other pertinent conditions.

4-35. The facility commander—

• Publishes a transfer order and informs EPWs of their new postal

addresses in time for them to notify their NOK and the IRIC.

• Verifies the accuracy and completeness of EPW personnel records and

provides records (in a sealed envelope) to MP accompanying the

movement.

• Verifies that EPWs possess their authorized clothing and equipment.

• Prepares impounded personal property for shipment with escorting

MP or separate shipment as appropriate.

• Briefs escort MP on their duties and responsibilities, including

procedures to be followed in case of an escape, a death, or another

emergency.

• Provides or arranges for rations, transportation, and notifications

according to prescribed procedures.

• Ensures that EPWs are manifested by name, rank/status, ISN, power

served, nationality, and physical condition. Attach the manifest to the

original receipt and forward it to the IRIC.

• Prepares paperwork in English and other languages (if required)

before transferring EPWs.

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Military reference books and manuals (2009-2023, Volume 7) - page 21