Content      ..     5      6      7      8     ..

Military reference books and manuals (2009-2023, Volume 7) - page 7

Control Force Operations

Crowd

Nonlethal Response

Action

Command

Riot Control Means

Show of Force

Demonstration of Force

Presence/PSYOP

(if approved)

Unarmed

- Ensure that the

- Display force along with

- Do not demonstrate force

- Employ RCAs at the

Civilians

on-site commander

escalating the dispersal

toward unarmed civilians.

point of penetration.

of the TPT directs

proclamation.

- Use PSYOP to

the broadcast of

- Display force in a

exploit the

the dispersal

graduated manner, such

psychological effect.

proclamation and/

as a helicopter hovering

or passes

- Move through the

over a crowd or soldiers

handbills.

crowd using riot

with charged weapons.

control formations and

- Escalate the tone

- Exploit the psychological

movement techniques.

of the dispersal

effect of a show of force.

proclamation from

information to a

warning of force.

Armed

- Display force along with

Civilians

escalating the dispersal

(knives,

proclamation.

clubs)

- Highlight the target pointer.

- Demonstrate sniper precision

strike capabilities.

Armed

- Do not use RCAs—

Crowds/

they may escalate

Military

the situation.

(firearms)

Hostile intent/hostile act occurs by armed threat.

Crowd

Lethal Response

Action

Small Arms

Sniper Response

Aerial Fires

Indirect Fires

Direct Fire

Unarmed

- Ensure that target

- Determine that sniper

- Determine that small arms

- Determine that air

Civilians

leaders or

attack is insufficient.

direct fire is ineffective.

assets are unavailable

troublemakers are

or ineffective.

- Consider demonstrating

- Use the minimum response

targeted.

capabilities.

necessary.

- Use the minimum

- Use the minimum

response necessary.

- Exploit the psychological

- Use a minimal precision strike

response

effect of a lethal

initially; use subsequent fires

- Ensure that the

necessary.

response.

based on the situation.

response is directed

- Exploit the

by the on-site

- Escalate gradually,

- Exploit the psychological

psychological

commander.

starting with a small

impact of each strike.

effect of an attack.

caliber, single round and

work up to a large caliber,

automatic.

Armed

- CAS/indirect fires must be authorized by the

Civilians

MACOM commander.

(knives,

- Consider requesting permission for use when—

clubs)

•

All lesser means have been ineffective.

•

There are physical eyes on target.

•

Proximity to civilians has been considered.

•

Risk to friendly forces/evacuees outweighs the

risk of collateral damage.

Armed

Civilians/

Military

(firearms)

Figure 2-1. Sample GRM Card

18 April 2005

FM 3-19.15

2-15

Control Force Operations

NOTE: There should be an overwatch when this technique is

attempted.

2-110. As demonstrator buses and/or vehicles move toward the demonstration

site, soldiers in two HMMWVs block the road just ahead of the approaching

vehicles. Once the demonstrators dismount their vehicles and begin to close in

on the soldiers, the soldiers leapfrog (see Figure 2-3) 1 kilometer farther down

the road to repeat the process again. This is repeated as often as necessary.

This process, if repeated enough times, should discourage the demonstrators

enough that they give up and go home. It should also provide enough time to

shift assets to the demonstration site.

2-111. Demonstrators are just as capable of blocking secondary and key

routes leading into a demonstration or riot site to prevent relief forces from

assisting with riot control as US forces are capable of preventing

demonstrators access to the site. One must remember that demonstrators are

often well organized and have handheld radios and other items. A great

example of this was the 1999 demonstration against the WTO in Seattle,

Washington. Police had erected temporary portable fences in the downtown

areas to keep demonstrators from disrupting the delegates. Determined to be

disruptive, the demonstrators relocated the temporary fences by not allowing

police to enter the area. Police were forced to back patrol cars over their own

fences to gain access.

HMMWVs

Bus loads of

move a short

Demonstrators

distance down Demonstrators

Figure 2-3. Delaying Tactics

2-24

FM 3-19.15

18 April 2005

Apprehension, Search, and Detention

transportation of a subject. Exceptions to this may be if the demonstration

occurs on an installation. OCONUS operations may require US forces to

provide vehicles, such as trucks, buses, or sedans, that will be used to

transport a subject. Whenever possible, vehicles used to transport a subject

should be modified with barriers to separate them from the drivers. If a

barrier cannot be provided, a guard is to be placed in the vehicle. Passenger

compartments are checked for items that could be used as weapons. When

guards are required, the guard always sits with his weapon away from the

prisoner. Prisoners must be placed where they can be best controlled, but they

are not fastened to the vehicle with hand irons or Flex-Cufs. When seat belts

are available they must be fastened. See Soldier Training Publications (STPs)

19-95C1-SM and 19-95C24-SM-TG.

3-15. Female escorts should always be used to transport a female subject. If

female escorts are not available, measures must be taken to avoid false

charges of molestation or sexual misconduct. Net control stations should be

notified of the departure and arrival times and vehicle mileage readings

(before and after). At least two male escorts must be present at all times when

a female escort is not available. These procedures also apply when the male

and female roles are reversed.

FLEX-CUFS

3-16. The two main positions used to place Flex-Cufs on a subject are the

standing-supported and the prone.

3-17. When using the standing-supported position, the search man—

z

Escorts the subject to a wall or other sturdy vertical surface (see

Figure 3-1).

Figure 3-1. Standing-Supported Position

z

Instructs the subject (verbally) to do the following:

„

Turn his head away.

„

Place his free arm (palm out, thumb down, and elbow locked)

against the surface of the wall.

3-4

FM 3-19.15

18 April 2005

Apprehension, Search, and Detention

„

Spread his feet until instructed to stop.

„

Place his heels against the wall.

z

Uses the leg closest to the controlled arm to pin the subject’s leg

(above the knee) to the wall.

z

Reinforces verbal commands with pain compliance techniques if the

subject fails to follow instructions.

z

Maintains a double 90° hold on the controlled arm with his inside

hand. With his free hand, the search man grasps the middle portion of

the Flex-Cuf, keeping one cuff up and one cuff down.

z

Places the first cuff (bottom cuff) on the subject’s controlled arm,

maintaining wrist manipulation (see Figure 3-2).

z

Reaches through the free cuff with his outside hand and instructs the

subject to place his free hand in the center of his back. With his

outside hand, the search man takes the subject’s free hand and

completes the restraint by securing the cuff. He ensures that there is

at least one-finger distance between the cuff and the subject’s wrist

(see Figure 3-3, page 3-6).

Figure 3-2. Cuffing the First Hand From the Standing Supported Position

3-18. When using the prone position, the search man—

z

Grasps the Flex-Cuf with his outside hand, maintains tension on the

subject’s arm, and places the first cuff on the subject’s controlled wrist

(see Figure 3-4, page 3-6). Next, the search man secures the cuff,

keeping at least a one-finger distance between the cuff and the wrist.

z

Reaches through the free cuff with his outside hand and instructs the

subject to place his free hand in the center of his back (see Figure 3-5,

page 3-7).

z

Reinforces verbal commands with pain compliance techniques if the

subject fails to follow instructions. The search man bends the subject’s

controlled arm (using the natural break of the elbow as a hinge)

toward the hand in the middle of the subject’s back. With the outside

hand, the search man takes the subject’s free hand and completes the

restraint by securing the cuff.

18 April 2005

FM 3-19.15

3-5

Apprehension, Search, and Detention

Figure 3-3. Cuffing the Second Hand From the Standing Supported Position

Figure 3-4. Cuffing the First Hand From the Prone Position

3-6

FM 3-19.15

18 April 2005

Apprehension, Search, and Detention

Figure 3-4. Cuffing the First Hand From the Prone Position (continued)

Figure 3-5. Cuffing the Second Hand From the Prone Position

SEARCHES

3-19. Initial contact with the subject is the most dangerous time during any

apprehension; therefore, initial contact must be a swift and decisive team

effort. Do not give the subject time to think or react. Distract his attention

when possible. Apprehension teams are comprised of a search man, threat

cover man, and security man (if necessary). Their responsibilities are as

follows:

z

The search man—

„

Issues verbal commands.

„

Conducts searches.

„

Handles radio communication.

„

Holsters his weapon before approaching a subject and informs the

threat cover man that he is holstering his weapon.

„

Performs control procedures and handcuffs the subject.

18 April 2005

FM 3-19.15

3-7

Apprehension, Search, and Detention

Figure 3-6. Approaching the Subject to Perform a Frisk Search

Figure 3-7. Giving Instructions to Subject Before Frisk Search

NOTE: The primary purpose of gripping the fingers is to control the

subject’s hands while performing the frisk search (see Figure 3-9,

page 3-12). If the subject is going to resist or become aggressive, he

will attempt to free his hands first. If the subject attempts to pull his

fingers from the search man’s grip, the search man must respond

instantly by increasing his grip. If the grip on the fingers is lost, the

search man should immediately push away from the subject and

create a safe distance. This will allow the search team to respond

with the necessary force to regain control of the situation.

18 April 2005

FM 3-19.15

3-11

Apprehension, Search, and Detention

Figure 3-8. Performing a Frisk Search

Figure 3-9. Gripping the Subject’s Fingers During a Frisk Search

„

Ensures that the subject always looks away from him.

„

Places his strong hand on the outside of the subject’s elbow

(similar to the handcuffed escort position).

NOTE: The search man searches one side (the front, back, or side) at a

time from head to foot.

„

Divides the subject (visually) straight down his middle and does

not cross the line while conducting the search.

NOTE: The search man is just feeling or searching for possible

weapons, so an open hand should be used.

„

Works at arm’s reach. It is the sense of touch not the sense of sight

that is being used. While performing the search, search men

3-12

FM 3-19.15

18 April 2005

Apprehension, Search, and Detention

Figure 3-10. Handcuffed Escort Position

NOTE: Do not kick at a subject’s feet to spread them; it is unnecessary

and unprofessional. If the subject becomes noncompliant or

aggressive, pain compliance is usually the best tool to use, but only

use enough force to gain compliance.

„

Uses his outside hand to conduct the search. His inside hand is

always used to maintain control during the search.

z

During the performance phase, the search man—

NOTE: Only one side (the front, back, and side) of the subject is

searched at a time from head to toe (see Figure 3-11).

„

Divides the subject (visually) (straight down the middle using the

spine as the centerline). He does not cross this line while

conducting the search. Searches must be systematic, from head to

foot. If there is an interruption, it must be started all over again.

„

Searches with an open hand, using a rub down or squeezing

method. Do not only pat down like in the frisk search.

„

Works at arms reach. It is the sense of touch, not the sense of sight

that is being used. To prevent the possibility of being struck by an

elbow or knee, the search man stays behind and to the side of the

subject.

„

Takes a half step back and to the outside when searching below

the subject’s knees. The search man squats down, but does not

drop his knees to the ground. Maintaining positive control is

essential throughout the search, so never the reverse handshake

is never released.

„

Change sides when satisfied that all items have been removed

from the side in which the search started. Without losing positive

control, the search man conducts the search on the other side of

the subject.

3-14

FM 3-19.15

18 April 2005

Apprehension, Search, and Detention

Figure 3-11. Performing the Standing Search

NOTE: Changing sides is accomplished by moving the outside hand

(the searching hand) to the subject’s uncontrolled handcuffed hand

located on the outside. The outside hand and forearm will cross over

the top of the reverse-handshake grip of the inside hand (see

Figure 3-12, page 16).

„

Crosses over the reverse-handshake grip with the outside hand

and grips the subject’s uncontrolled handcuffed hand in a

reverse-handshake grip.

„

Releases (quickly) the first reverse-handshake grip moving that

hand to the subject’s elbow as he sidesteps to the side yet to be

searched. The search man repeats the standing search technique

used on the first side of the subject.

„

Gives strong verbal commands and uses only the force necessary

to control the subject if he resists or becomes aggressive at any

time during the search.

„

Removes all items found during the search to be evaluated as

potential evidence or a weapon. Items not considered a weapon or

of evidentiary value will be returned to the subject at a later time.

Prone Search

3-33. Safety is the primary concern when dealing with a person under

apprehension. Therefore, the search man must protect himself by restraining

subjects under apprehension before conducting this search. Remember that

all subjects under apprehension have the propensity to turn violent or hostile.

That is the reason a prone search would be necessary. After performing an

arm bar takedown on a noncompliant subject, it is especially important for the

search man to put him at a physical disadvantage to provide for the subject’s

safety and his own. By doing so, the subject’s ability to hide, destroy, or

remove any evidence is limited.

18 April 2005

FM 3-19.15

3-15

Apprehension, Search, and Detention

Figure 3-12. Performing the Standing Search (Changing Sides)

3-34. The safest way to handcuff or Flex-Cuf a noncompliant subject is in the

prone position, when the search man has greater control of the subject. It is

usually the safest position in which to conduct a search

3-35. Handcuff the subject quickly during the apprehension. It is impossible

to predict what a subject will do when put under apprehension. Often a

subject may initially be cooperative and compliant; however, as the he

becomes aware of his situation, he may become overcome with emotion and

begin to struggle or pull away.

3-36. There is no legal or regulatory prohibition against opposite-gender

searches. Common sense prevails and whenever possible, searches should be

done by the same gender to avoid obvious questions and complaints. Once a

subject is at a physical disadvantage by cuffing and is more easily controlled,

it affords the necessary time to get someone of the same gender there to

conduct the search.

NOTE: The subject is put into a physical disadvantage when he is

taken facedown to the ground using an arm bar takedown and cuffed.

z

During the preparation phase, the search man—

„

Ensures that the Flex-Cufs are not too tight.

„

Rotates his entire body around the subject’s shoulder and center

at the outside of the subject’s hip with his shin over the subject’s

shoulder and one knee on the ground. At least one knee should

remain over the subject’s back (near side), with the other on the

ground.

„

Pins the subject down by pressing his knee on the side of the

subject’s back or down on his closest elbow if resistance or

aggression is encountered. He simultaneously grips the subject’s

closest handcuffed hand, grabs it with a reverse handshake, and

applies pain for compliance.

3-16

FM 3-19.15

18 April 2005

Riot Shield and Riot Baton Techniques

make the riot shield an extension of the soldier’s arm. The riot shield is held at

a slightly inward angle. This allows for debris thrown at the soldier to fall

harmlessly to the ground (see Figure 4-1).

At the Ready

On Guard

On-Guard Profile

Figure 4-1. Riot Shield Positions

RIOT SHIELD CARRIES

4-5. The two basic riot shield carries are as follows:

z

At the ready. The at-the-ready position is used while in a column

formation or on the move toward hostilities. This position is designed

for rapid movement. It should not be used when in contact with a

crowd.

z

On guard. The on-guard position is used when the riot control

formation is in contact with the crowd or contact is eminent. It is used

primarily in the following formations:

„

Line.

„

Wedge.

„

Echelon.

„

Diamond.

„

Circle.

DEFENSIVE AND RETENTION TECHNIQUES

4-6. The primary purpose of the riot shield is for defense. However, each riot

shield holder must be proficient in riot shield retention techniques.

4-2

FM 3-19.15

18 April 2005

Riot Shield and Riot Baton Techniques

DEFENSE

4-7. The first line of defense for the formation is the riot shield. It is designed

to withstand strikes from objects thrown by the crowd. In addition to

protecting the riot shield bearer, it also protects other members of the

formation from thrown objects.

RETENTION

4-8. When the control force is in contact with the crowd, the crowd will

attempt to strip the riot shield from the bearer. When a subject grabs the top

of the riot shield (see Figure 4-2), the riot shield holder slaps the riot shield

with his strong hand near the subject’s hands and gives the following

commands (while continuing to slap the riot shield until the subject releases

it):

z

“Get back.”

z

“Get away.”

z

“Stop.”

Figure 4-2. Riot Shield Retention Technique (Top Attempt)

4-9. If the riot shield is grabbed from the bottom (see Figure 4-3, page 4-4),

then the riot shield holder forcefully drops to one knee, pinning the subject’s

fingers and/or hands to the ground. This must be done quickly and with force.

RIOT BATON

4-10. A riot baton in the hands of a properly trained soldier is a formidable

weapon. However, it must be used in conjunction with other measures to be

most effective. Soldiers must be trained with the riot baton to the point that

its various techniques are automatic to them. This training must also include

18 April 2005

FM 3-19.15

4-3

Riot Shield and Riot Baton Techniques

Figure 4-3. Riot Shield Retention Technique (Bottom Attempt)

learning the vulnerable points of the human body so they can avoid areas that

may cause permanent injury or death when struck.

WARNING

The riot baton is never raised above the head to strike a

subject in a club fashion. Not only is it likely to cause

permanent injury; but it also gives an unfavorable image

of the control force. The soldier is also vulnerable to an

attack on his rib cage when his arm is raised.

TARGET AREAS OF THE HUMAN BODY

4-11. The target areas of the human body are divided into three areas that

represent the primary-, secondary-, and final-target areas. These areas are

color coded as green (shown as gray in Figure 4-4), yellow (shown as white in

Figure 4-4), and red (shown as patterned gray in Figure 4-4).

Primary-Target Areas

4-12. The primary-target areas are those areas which, when struck or

restrained, cause the least amount of trauma to the body. These include the

meaty or muscular areas of the body, such as the—

z

Foot, shin, and instep.

z

Inside and outside of the thigh.

z

Lower abdominal region.

z

Fore- and upper-arms.

4-4

FM 3-19.15

18 April 2005

Riot Shield and Riot Baton Techniques

Ears

Temple

Eyes

Bridge of nose

Back of

Upper lip

Hollow

neck

Jaw

behind ear

Throat

Upper

Collarbone

Shoulder

Shoulder

arm

blades

Upper

Solar

Kidneys

abdomen

plexus

Spine

Rib

Inside of

Forearm

Elbow

cage

wrist

joint

Groin

Back of

Lower

hand

abdomen

Tailbone

Thigh

(coccyx)

Buttock

Knee joint

Shin

Back of heal

Instep

Calf

(Achilles tendon)

Green (lowest level of

Yellow (moderate

Red (deadly force)

trauma)

level of trauma)

Final-target areas:

Primary-target areas:

Secondary-target

Reasoning: Minimum

areas:

level of resultant trauma.

Injury tends to be

Reasoning: Moderate

Reasoning: Highest

temporary rather than

level of resultant trauma.

level of resultant trauma.

permanent; however,

Injury tends to be more

Injury tends to be

exceptions can occur when

permanent, but may also

permanent rather than

applying as a restraint

be temporary when

temporary and may

technique.

applying as a striking

include unconsciousness,

technique.

serious bodily injury,

NOTE: When

shock, or death.

performing a block

with a riot baton, the

whole body is a green

area, except for the

head, neck, and spine.

Figure 4-4. Escalation of Trauma Chart

18 April 2005

FM 3-19.15

4-5

Riot Shield and Riot Baton Techniques

4-21. The wooden riot baton is secured with the soldier’s hand by means of a

leather thong. He hooks the thumb of his strong hand (palm down) in the

thong, pulls the thong across the back of his hand, and grips the riot baton.

This provides him with a very secure grip (see Figure 4-6).

4-22. The two-hand carry is intended for executing all blocks and returning

with strikes. The soldier grips the riot baton with both hands. His strong hand

grips the short end of the riot baton, and his weak hand grips the long portion

of the riot baton, 2 to 4 inches from the end. His palm is down with his strong

hand pulled in close against his strong side hip.

4-23. Wherever the long portion of the riot baton is pointed is where the

soldier will strike or jab. The riot baton should be kept at a 45° angle to the

ground. All blocks and two-hand jabs and strikes are executed from the

two-hand carry.

Figure 4-6. Two-Hand Carry

Outside-Arm Carry (Expandable Riot Baton Only)

4-24. The outside-arm carry (see Figure 4-7) is used with the expandable riot

baton in the collapsed (24-inch) position only. Assuming a wide-based

defensive stance (knees slightly bent and feet shoulder width apart), a soldier

draws the grip portion of the riot baton with his strong hand. Without striking

out or widely swinging the riot baton, he brings the long portion up against

the outer part of his strong arm (the tricep area). The soldier’s weak hand

should be raised in a position to protect and block strikes from an aggressor. It

is from this carrying position that a soldier can effectively use both the front

and rear strikes. Front and rear strikes should never be performed with an

expandable riot baton in the expanded position or with a 36-inch wooden riot

baton.

CAUTION

The expandable and 36-inch wooden riot batons provide a

greater risk of injury to the soldier’s wrist.

4-8

FM 3-19.15

18 April 2005

Riot Shield and Riot Baton Techniques

Figure 4-7. Outside-Arm Carry

Vertical High-Profile Carry

4-25. Assuming a wide-based defensive stance, the soldier draws the riot

baton with his strong hand by the grip portion. Once the riot baton has been

drawn from the carrier, the soldier swings the riot baton in a downward

motion, fully extending the arm and holding the riot baton down and parallel

to the strong side leg. The soldier’s weak hand is raised in a position to protect

and block strikes from an aggressor (see Figure 4-8, page 4-10). Although this

carry can be used with both riot baton systems, it is best suited for the

expandable riot baton collapsed to 24 inches. The vertical high-profile carry

clearly shows the soldier with a drawn riot baton in an effective defensive

posture and ready for attack. A drawn riot baton in the hands of a trained

soldier may offer just the kind of deterrence needed to stop the activity of an

aggressor.

Vertical Low-Profile Carry

4-26. Assuming a wide-based defensive stance, the soldier draws the riot

baton with his strong hand by the grip portion. Once the riot baton has been

drawn from the carrier, the soldier swings the riot baton in a downward

motion, fully extending his arm and holding the riot baton down and parallel

to his strong side leg. His weak side hand is raised in a position to protect and

block strikes from an aggressor (see Figure 4-9, page 4-10). Although this

carry can be used with both types of riot batons, it is best suited for the

expandable riot baton collapsed to 24 inches. This position portrays the soldier

in an effective defensive position ready for an attack, but with a possible

hidden weapon. The major difference between the vertical low-profile and

high-profile carry is that in the low-profile carry the soldier hides the riot

18 April 2005

FM 3-19.15

4-9

Riot Shield and Riot Baton Techniques

baton behind his strong side leg, allowing for some element of surprise to a

potential aggressor. A drawn riot baton in the hands of a trained soldier may

offer the deterrence needed to stop the activity of an aggressor.

Figure 4-8. Vertical High-Profile Carry

Figure 4-9. Vertical Low-Profile Carry

4-10

FM 3-19.15

18 April 2005

Riot Shield and Riot Baton Techniques

RIOT BATON BLOCKING TECHNIQUES

4-27. There are five basic types of riot baton blocking techniques that are

executed from the two-hand carry position.

High Block

4-28. The high block is very effective in blocking a downward, vertical strike

directed at the top of the head and shoulders. This type of downward, vertical

strike may be from a club, pipe, or similar object. The high block is a two-step

movement. To perform a high block the soldier performs the following steps:

Step 1. Raises the riot baton straight across his body until it is parallel to

the ground (see Figure 4-10).

Step 2. Brings the riot baton straight-up in front of his body until the

long portion of the riot baton is in front of his forehead (approximately 2

inches from his head). The riot baton should be in a horizontal position

above his head and slightly angled down toward his weak hand, as it

absorbs the shock from the strike (see Figure 4-10). The fingers of his

weak hand should be open and behind the long portion of the riot baton

when blocking the object to protect his fingers from being smashed by the

strike.

Figure 4-10. High Block (Steps 1 and 2)

Low Block

4-29. A low block is very effective in blocking an upward vertical strike

directed at the groin, lower abdomen, chest, or chin. This upward vertical

strike may be from an individual's foot, knee, or fist (for example, an upper cut

to the chin). To perform a low block, the soldier performs the following steps:

Step 1. Raises the riot baton straight across his body until it is parallel to

the ground (see Figure 4-11, page 4-12).

Step 2. Brings the riot baton straight down in front of his body, bending

at his knees and keeping his body upright until the long portion of the riot

baton is just below his knees (see Figure 4-11). The riot baton should be

horizontal and parallel to the ground as it absorbs the shock from an

18 April 2005

FM 3-19.15

4-11

Riot Shield and Riot Baton Techniques

upward strike. His weak hand fingers should be open and behind the long

portion of the riot baton when blocking the object to protect his fingers

from being smashed by the strike.

Figure 4-11. Low Block (Steps 1 and 2)

Strong Side Block

4-30. A strong side block is very effective in blocking a horizontal strike

directed at the strong side of the head, neck, chest (or flank), or hip area. The

horizontal strike may be from an individual’s foot, fist, elbow, knee, or

weapon. To perform a strong side block, the soldier performs the following

steps:

Step 1. Raises the riot baton straight across his body in a vertical position

where the grip portion is in his strong hand and the long portion is in his

weak hand with the fingers straight up (see Figure 4-12).

Step 2. Turns his body laterally by rotating his hips toward his strong

side and moving the riot baton across his body, keeping the riot baton

vertical (see Figure 4-12).

4-31. The strong side block provides protection for a soldier from the front to

the rear of his body. A riot baton held in the vertical position absorbs the

shock of a strike coming from the strong side. The fingers of his weak hand

should be open and behind the long portion of the riot baton, when blocking

the object to protect his fingers from being smashed by the strike.

Weak Side Block

4-32. A weak side block is very effective in blocking a horizontal strike

directed at the weak side of the head, neck, chest, or hip area. The horizontal

strike may be from an individual's foot, fist, elbow, or knee. To perform a weak

side block, the soldier performs the following steps:

Step 1. Moves the riot baton in a vertical position toward his weak side,

ensuring that the grip portion is pointing straight down and the long

portion is pointing straight up.

4-12

FM 3-19.15

18 April 2005

Riot Shield and Riot Baton Techniques

Figure 4-12. Strong Side Block (Steps 1 and 2)

Step 2. Keeps the fingers of his weak hand open and behind the long

portion of the riot baton when blocking the object to protect his fingers

from being smashed by the strike. At the moment of contact with the

opposing strike, the blocking surface of the long portion should be at a

right angle to the opposing object.

Step 3. Assess the situation following a weak side block, and take

appropriate follow-up action, as needed.

Middle Block

4-33. A middle block is very effective in blocking a front horizontal strike

directed at the face, throat, chest, abdomen, or hip. The horizontal strike may

be from an individual trying to tackle near the waist or shove or punch at the

face. To perform a middle block, the soldier performs the following steps:

Step 1. Moves the riot baton toward the middle of his body at a 45° angle,

keeping the long portion pointed up and slightly forward of the grip

portion (see Figure 4-13, page 4-14).

Step 2. Keeps the fingers of his weak hand open and behind the long

portion of the riot baton when blocking the object to protect his fingers

from being smashed by the strike. However, his weak hand may have to

grip the long portion when pushing an individual away or forcing an

individual down on the ground if the individual is trying to tackle.

RIOT BATON STRIKING TECHNIQUES

4-34. Seven strikes can be executed using the riot baton. Two of these strikes

come from the outside-arm or vertical carry. The other five strikes come from

the two-hand carry.

18 April 2005

FM 3-19.15

4-13

Riot Shield and Riot Baton Techniques

Figure 4-13. Middle Block

One-Hand Forward Strike

4-35. The one-hand forward strike is a very quick and effective offensive

strike. It is usually employed as a countermeasure to an attack from the front

that has been blocked effectively.

4-36. Target areas can be as high as the outside upper arm, down to the outer

thigh region. An effective one-hand forward strike must be aggressively quick,

with the purpose of distracting, disabling, or altering behavior. Therefore,

those employing this technique must be sensitive to what part of the riot

baton they use to strike the individual. Strike the target with the last 2 to 4

inches of the long end for optimal results.

4-37. A one-hand forward strike may be employed in one of the following

three ways. When selecting available targets, use the principles in Figure 4-4,

page 4-5.

z

A horizontal manner.

z

A downward diagonal manner to destabilize an individual.

z

A vertical manner in front of the body to clear an aggressor’s hands.

NOTE: When the one-hand forward strike is used in a vertical

manner, keep the long portion straight up, not angled forward. By

keeping the long portion up rather than angled forward, the chance

of striking the individual in the face or head is significantly reduced.

For the counterstrike to be effective, follow through with the

technique when the baton makes contact with the aggressor and/or

his object to destabilize the him. A pattern of movement such as a

4-14

FM 3-19.15

18 April 2005

Riot Shield and Riot Baton Techniques

Forward Strike

Target Assessment

Reverse Strike

Figure 4-14. One-Hand Forward and Reverse Strikes

4-44. When using the one-hand reverse strike, the solder quickly moves the

straight baton across his body, using the strength and power of his hips (from

weak side to strong side). When the strike is completed, the soldier’s arm will

be back in the outside-arm carry position (see Figure 4-7, page 4-9). The

soldier ensures that his palm is facing down when delivering the counterstrike

in a horizontal or diagonal manner. This will prevent injury to the user’s

wrist. In a vertical delivery, the palm will be toward the chest rather than up.

Following the one-hand reverse strike, assess the situation and take

appropriate follow-up action, as needed. If the situation does not call for

additional strikes, the soldier should avoid striking again.

4-45. When the one-hand reverse strike is used in a vertical manner, keep the

long portion straight up, not angled forward. By keeping the long portion up

rather than angled forward, the chance of striking an individual in the face or

head is significantly reduced. For the counterstrike to be effective, follow

through with the technique when the baton makes contact with the aggressor

and/or his object to destabilize him. A pattern of movement such as the

forward shuffle, forward pivot, strong side step, or rear pivot may enhance

this technique.

WARNING

This strike will not be executed with a 36-inch wooden or

expandable riot baton in the extended position. It has

been shown to cause injury to the wrist of the user.

Two-Hand Strong Side Horizontal Strike

4-46. Starting from the two-hand carry position, the two-hand strong side

horizontal strike can be aggressively quick. The purpose of this strike is to

create distance, distract, disable, or alter behavior. Strong side horizontal

strikes are quick and effective offensive strikes, usually employed as a

4-16

FM 3-19.15

18 April 2005

Riot Shield and Riot Baton Techniques

Figure 4-15. Two-Hand, Strong Side, and Weak Side Horizontal Strikes

4-51. Use of the two-hand carry position enables soldiers to use riot batons at

24 or 36 inches. Use the strength and power of the hips to effectively employ

this strike in a slightly downward or horizontal manner. Simultaneously, use

both arms to shoot the long end of the riot baton straight out from the body to

the target area. Immediately, pull back the riot baton to the two-hand carry

position (see Figure 4-16).

Figure 4-16. Front Jab

4-52. Forward jabs drive the long end of the riot baton toward the aggressor,

striking a rib, a hip flexor, or the abdominal region (see Figure 4-4, page 4-5).

Following the two-hand front jab, it is important that soldiers assess the

aggressor before following through with another strike, as the aggressor may

not require another strike.

NOTE: A pattern of movement such as a forward shuffle will enhance

the power of this technique.

4-18

FM 3-19.15

18 April 2005

Riot Shield and Riot Baton Techniques

Two-Hand Rear Jab

4-53. Starting from the two-hand carry position, the two-hand rear jab is

aggressively quick and creates distance, distracts, disables, or alters behavior.

Rear jabs are quick and effective offensive strikes usually employed as a

countermeasure to charging and overpowering attacks from the rear. When

selecting available targets, use the principles in Figure 4-4, page 4-5.

4-54. Use of the two-hand carry position enables soldiers to employ riot

batons at 24 or 36 inches. To effectively employ this strike, use the strength

and power of the hips to thrust the riot baton in a slightly downward or

horizontal manner. Simultaneously, turn the head to the rear to see and

assess the target. Use both arms to shoot the riot baton straight back from the

body to the targeted area and immediately pull back the riot baton to the two-

hand carry position (see Figure 4-17).

NOTE: A pattern of movement such as a rear shuffle will enhance the

power of this technique.

Figure 4-17. Rear Jab

Two-Hand Middle Strike

4-55. The two-hand middle strike starts from the two-hand carry position. It

is aggressively quick and creates distance, distracts, disables, or alters

behavior. It is proven to be an effective follow-up technique to a two-hand

weak or strong side block or to destabilize an individual by pushing him back

and away. The two-hand middle strike is used as a two-count movement.

When selecting available targets, use the principles in Figure 4-4.

4-56. To perform a two-hand middle strike (see Figure 4-18, page 4-20) the

soldier does the following:

Step 1. Brings the riot baton up to chest level and slightly off parallel to

the ground.

Step 2. Steps forward aggressively, simultaneously thrusting the long

portion of the riot baton forward in a horizontal manner. Both arms are

18 April 2005

FM 3-19.15

4-19

Riot Shield and Riot Baton Techniques

fully extended at the end of the movement with a quick snappy return to

the step 1 position. Use the entire body to generate the power.

NOTE: It is important that soldiers assess the aggressor before

applying a follow-up strike. If the soldier steps forward as he employs

the middle strike, it will afford greater impact and power.

Figure 4-18. Middle Strike

Riot Baton Retention

4-57. A common technique an aggressor may use is grabbing for a soldier’s

riot baton or, in some cases, even taking the riot baton and using it against

the soldier. This causes a disruption or distraction.

4-58. Maintaining physical control of the riot baton is essential for the safety

of the soldier and the control force as a whole. Aggressors will generally

attempt to grab the riot baton where they can get the strongest hold. Soldiers

must resist the instinct of getting into a tug-of-war match over the riot baton,

which often proves to be ineffective.

4-59. Using the momentum of the aggressor to pull the riot baton away, the

soldier simply steps into or closer to the aggressor with the weak side foot.

With the momentum created, the aggressor’s hold on the riot baton is

lessened. The soldier then rapidly uses the tracing-C technique to recover the

riot baton.

4-60. A soldier using the tracing-C technique does the following:

Step 1. Pushes up on the riot baton.

Step 2. Pulls the riot baton around in an upward swing as if tracing a C

in the air from bottom to top with the long end.

NOTE: This movement seems to wrap the aggressor’s arms around

themselves (see Figure 4-19).

Step 3. Drives (immediately with a quick and forceful movement) the

long end of the riot baton straight down, as if slicing the C in half (see

Figure 4-19).

4-20

FM 3-19.15

18 April 2005

Riot Shield and Riot Baton Techniques

Figure 4-19. Riot Baton Retention

4-61. Once the soldier reaches the top of the C and the aggressor is tied up, it

is impossible for the aggressor to maintain hold of the riot baton. Further

actions such as a strike may or may not be necessary. Soldiers must be able to

assess the situation and react accordingly.

WORKING AS A TEAM

4-62. Soldiers never have to rely solely on their own skills or abilities in riot

control operations. Although individual skills were discussed in this chapter,

it is important to remember that well-trained soldiers employing offensive,

defensive, riot shield, and riot baton techniques will perform the collective

task of crowd control well.

4-63. Riot control operations are dynamic and often chaotic. Soldiers armed

with riot shields provide a first line of defense while those armed with riot

batons and firearms provide overwatch as the formation moves toward

engaging a hostile crowd. To work effectively and in concert, soldiers must be

properly trained, drilled, and exercised. If an aggressor approaching a line of

skirmishers violently grabs a riot shield, help is required to maintain control

(see Figure 4-20, page 4-22). A soldier armed with a 36-inch wooden riot baton

or an expandable riot baton (extended to 36 inches) can be of assistance. The

soldier simply moves forward into a gap between the riot shields where he can

quickly strike the top or side of the riot shield, slicing the long end across or

straight down onto the hands and fingers of the aggressor (see Figure 4-18).

4-64. Riot batons are not the only way to effectively knock an aggressor’s

hands from a riot shield. Soldiers armed with 12-gauge shotguns or

M16/M203s can just as effectively smash the hands or fingers of a persistent

aggressor with the barrel of their weapons using the technique described

above.

18 April 2005

FM 3-19.15

4-21

Riot Shield and Riot Baton Techniques

Figure 4-20. Clearing a Riot Shield

NONLETHAL MUNITIONS

4-65. With the inclusion of NL munitions, commanders now have additional

tools that afford excellent standoff capabilities. This is critical because

commanders now have intermediate options for dealing with a hostile crowd.

No longer will a commander issue a proclamation, have it ignored by the

crowd, and then be forced to use lethal munitions to backup the proclamation.

Now he can use NL munitions to gain the same standoff distance but without

the catastrophic results of lethal munitions.

4-66. NL munitions include (but are not limited to) a 12-gauge shotgun and

40-millimeter rounds. These blunt munitions have the capability of effectively

engaging targets as close as 5 meters and as far as 50 meters. Range is

dependent upon each round. These munitions are used from a distance to

dissuade, discourage, and disperse the crowd. If the crowd disperses from 50

meters and soldiers are in close contact with the crowd, then the mission has

been successful.

TAP-DOWN TECHNIQUE

4-67. Commanders must be familiar with the characteristics and capabilities

of all rounds to use them effectively. When 12-gauge and M203 weapons are

used within a line of skirmishers (usually located behind the riot shields), it is

imperative that a method is developed, trained, and practiced to effectively

operate as a team. Operators of these weapons may encounter problems in riot

control situations when trying to identify and effectively engage legitimate

targets. The tap-down technique is used to overcome target identification and

engagement with NL munitions. If ordered to engage targets or the situation

authorizes an engagement, soldiers armed with NL munitions may step

forward, level their weapons, and fire upon legitimate targets (see

Figure 4-21).

4-68. A soldier that is armed with a NLW and is using the tap-down

technique must first tap on the shield holder’s shoulder. Tapping on the shield

holder’s shoulder alerts him that the gunner is preparing to fire. In response

4-22

FM 3-19.15

18 April 2005

Riot Shield and Riot Baton Techniques

to the tap, the shield holder drops to one knee while keeping the riot shield

firmly affixed to their front for protection. The gunner takes a step forward

and fills the gap. He then leans into the riot shield bearer’s back with his knee

and fires. This technique ensures that the long end of the weapon is extended

beyond the riot shield.

WARNING

The long end of the weapon must be projected beyond the

riot shield before firing. This is a critical safety step, which

will prevent NL projectiles from hitting the riot shield and

injuring soldiers.

4-69. Once soldiers firing munitions have fired, they raise their weapon back

to a high port arms. The soldiers clear their weapons and tap the riot shield

bearer a second time, signaling them to rise to a standing position.

Figure 4-21. Tap-Down Technique

18 April 2005

FM 3-19.15

4-23

Nonlethal Capabilities Set and Employment Considerations

Figure 5-1. Nonballistic Riot Face Shield

Figure 5-2. Nonballistic Full-Length Riot Shield

NONBALLISTIC SHIN GUARD

5-4. The nonballistic shin guards (see Figure 5-3) are constructed of hard

durable plastic and are easily fastened to a soldier’s legs. They are designed to

protect the soldiers, feet, shins, and knees from thrown objects. They will not

provide protection from ballistic weapons, such as firearms. All soldiers

operating in a civil disturbance environment should be outfitted with shin

guards.

BALLISTIC RIOT FACE SHIELD

5-5. The ballistic riot face shield (see Figure 5-4) has two adjustable positions

constructed of acrylic and bullet-resistant materials that provide the wearer

with Level IIIA protection. The ballistic riot face shield easily attaches to the

Kevlar helmet and is capable of being worn with either an M17 or M40

protective mask. It will protect the soldier from hand-thrown objects. Because

of its excessive weight (3.4 pounds), the ballistic riot face shield should not be

worn for standard riot control operations. Ballistic riot face shields are best

suited for use within specialized teams associated with riot control operations;

for example, teams responsible for the search and apprehension of identified

criminals or building- and alley-clearing operations.

5-2

FM 3-19.15

18 April 2005

Nonlethal Capabilities Set and Employment Considerations

Figure 5-3. Nonballistic Shin Guards

Figure 5-4. Ballistic Riot Face Shield

BALLISTIC FULL-LENGTH RIOT BODY SHIELD WITH LIGHT KIT

5-6. The ballistic full-length riot body shield (see Figure 5-5, page 5-4) is

constructed from Spectra Shield® bullet-resistant material that provides a

soldier with Level IIIA protection. It will protect the soldier from thrown

objects. Because of its excessive size (18 pounds and 20 by 36 inches), the

ballistic full-length riot body shield should not be used as part of a standard

riot control operation. Ballistic full length riot body shields are best suited for

use within specialized teams associated with riot control operations; for

example, teams responsible for the search and apprehension of identified

criminals or building- and alley-clearing operations.

18 April 2005

FM 3-19.15

5-3

Nonlethal Capabilities Set and Employment Considerations

Figure 5-5. Ballistic Full-Length Riot Body Shield

BALLISTIC SHIN GUARDS

5-7. Ballistic shin guards (see Figure 5-6) are constructed of Kevlar KM2

materials and provide a soldier with Level IIIA protection to the feet, shins,

and upper legs. They protect the soldier from hand-thrown objects. There are

three different sizes, and because of their excessive weight (7 to 10 pounds),

ballistic shin guards should not be deployed as part of a standard riot control

operation. Ballistic shin guards are best suited for use within specialized

teams associated with riot control operations; for example, teams responsible

for the search and apprehension of identified criminals or building- and

alley-clearing operations.

Figure 5-6. Ballistic Shin Guards

PERSONNEL EFFECTORS

5-8. Personnel effectors are those items that provide soldiers with an NL

response without the necessity of always coming into direct physical contact

with aggressors. Personnel effectors are 12-gauge and 40-millimeter

ammunition that inflict blunt trauma. These munitions are compatible with

the shotgun and the M203 grenade launcher already in the Army inventory.

There are also diversionary and rubber ball grenades, which distract and

inflict blunt trauma.

5-4

FM 3-19.15

18 April 2005

Nonlethal Capabilities Set and Employment Considerations

WOOD RIOT BATON WITH BELT RING (36 INCHES)

5-9. The 36-inch wood riot baton (see Figure 5-7) is made from solid oak.

When held properly, the riot baton thong provides greater retention

capabilities. Intended primarily for self-defense, the 36-inch wood riot baton

can be used effectively as an offensive tool if it becomes necessary to keep

rioters out of arm’s reach of soldiers conducting crowd control operations.

Figure 5-7. Wood Riot Baton

EXPANDABLE RIOT BATON WITH CARRIER (24 TO 36 INCHES)

5-10. The expandable riot baton (see Figure 5-8) provides the soldier with an

NL means of crowd control and self-defense. The riot baton comes with a

mounting device that attaches the riot baton to a belt. The riot baton is 24 to

36 inches in length and is primarily intended for self-defense. The expandable

riot baton can be used effectively as an offensive tool if it becomes necessary to

keep rioters out of arm’s reach of soldiers conducting crowd control operations.

Figure 5-8. Expandable Riot Baton and Carrier

18 April 2005

FM 3-19.15

5-5

Nonlethal Capabilities Set and Employment Considerations

500 (3 INCH) 12-GAUGE SHOTGUN

5-11. The 12-gauge shotgun (see Figure 5-9) is a pump action shotgun

currently in NLCS inventory. The pump action shotgun is chambered to take

up to 3-inch shells. The 3-inch chamber allows for the use of M1012 and

M1013 NL munitions. This shotgun also provides a visually distinct

alternative to standard military weapons that may be desired based on

mission considerations (force signature and acceptability).

Figure 5-9. 12-Gauge Shotgun

M7 66-MILLIMETER LAUNCHER WITH M315 INSTALLATION KIT

5-12. The M7 (see Figure 5-10) is a 66-millimeter vehicle-mounted, NL,

grenade-launching device that is mounted on a HMMWV. It is an indirect fire

support system that can deliver the M98 distraction grenade that creates a

flash-bang effect, L96A1 antiriot grenade, or M99 blunt trauma grenade that

creates a sting-ball effect. The M315 installation kit is used to install an M7

discharger on the turret ring of appropriate HMMWV variants. An adjustable

bracket allows the launch angle to be depressed for engaging targets at ranges

of 50, 75, and 100 meters. The system enforces standoff distances and deters

potential threats.

Figure 5-10. M7 Launcher

5-6

FM 3-19.15

18 April 2005

Nonlethal Capabilities Set and Employment Considerations

MODIFIED CROWD CONTROL MUNITION-GROUND EMPLACEMENT

5-13. Similar in nature to the claymore mine, the modified crowd control

munition-ground emplacement (MCCM-GE) (see Figure 5-11) is an NL

munition that can deliver six hundred .32-caliber rubber pellets and a flash-

bang effect. The MCCM-GE will stop, confuse, disorient, and/or temporarily

incapacitate area targets and/or personnel at ranges out to 30 meters.

WARNING

Avoid employing the MCCM-GE within 10 meters of

personnel as it may cause serious bodily harm or death.

Figure 5-11. MCCM-GE

12-GAUGE, FIN-STABILIZED POINT, NONLETHAL CARTRIDGE (M1012)

5-14. The M1012 (see Figure 5-12) is a single projectile round made of hard

rubber that is shaped like a bomblet and designed to be fired a at a single

target. With a muzzle velocity of 500 feet per second, the M1012 has the

effective range of no closer than 5 meters and no further than 30 meters.

Engagement inside 5 meters could cause serious injury or death. Beyond 30

meters the kinetic energy dissipates to the point where the round becomes

ineffective.

Figure 5-12. M1012

18 April 2005

FM 3-19.15

5-7

Nonlethal Capabilities Set and Employment Considerations

12-GAUGE, CROWD DISPERSAL, NONLETHAL CARTRIDGE (M1013)

5-15. The M1013 (see Figure 5-13) is a multiple projectile round with .23

caliber hard rubber pellets that is designed to be fired at and employed with

the purpose of affecting multiple targets. With a muzzle velocity of 900 feet

per second, the M1013 has an effective range of no closer than 5 meters and no

further than 30 meters. Engagement inside 5 meters could cause serious

injury or death. Beyond 30 meters, the kinetic energy dissipates to the point

where the rubber pellets become ineffective.

Figure 5-13. M1013

40-MILLIMETER SPONGE GRENADE (M1006)

5-16. The M1006 (see Figure 5-14) is a single projectile round made of pliable

foam rubber with a hard plastic back. The M1006 is designed to be aimed and

fired at a single target. With a muzzle velocity of 265 feet per second, the

M1006 has an effective range of no closer than 10 meters and no further than

50 meters. Engagements inside 10 meters could cause serious injury or death.

Beyond 50 meters, the kinetic energy dissipates to the point where the round

becomes ineffective.

Figure 5-14. M1006

5-8

FM 3-19.15

18 April 2005

Nonlethal Capabilities Set and Employment Considerations

the NLCS, use of the M84 is not recommended for use in crowd control

situations. Specialty teams, such as security response teams, and search

teams may use this device effectively.

Figure 5-16. GG04

Figure 5-17. Launching Cup and AA30

Figure 5-18. M-84

5-10

FM 3-19.15

18 April 2005

Nonlethal Capabilities Set and Employment Considerations

FLEX-CUFS

5-21. Flex-Cufs consist of a tough pliable plastic band with a self-locking

mechanism in the center for each end. When the Flex-Cuf (see Figure 5-19) is

threaded the restraint bands circle around the wrists or ankles, impeding

movement and securing the individual. They are lightweight and disposable

and require a cutting tool or other instrument to remove.

Figure 5-19. Flex-Cufs

INDIVIDUAL RIOT CONTROL AGENT DISPERSER (M36)

5-22. The M36 (see Figure 5-20) contains a Dibenz (F, -1 4-oxazepine [CR]

solution. It can deliver 25 one-second bursts out to 12 feet. Individual

disposable RCA dispersers are intended primarily for self-defense or to keep

rioters out of arm’s reach of soldiers conducting crowd control formations or

soldiers engaged in missions where a noncombatant exists.

Figure 5-20. M36

MIDSIZE RIOT CONTROL AGENT DISPERSER (M37)

5-23. The M37 (see Figure 5-21, page 5-12) is the size of a standard fire

extinguisher that uses compressed air to force the RCA out to a range of 30

feet. It has the capacity to employ 18 bursts for 3 seconds per charge. It is

excellent for providing a wide coverage of RCAs onto a hostile crowd while

18 April 2005

FM 3-19.15

5-11

Nonlethal Capabilities Set and Employment Considerations

maintaining excellent standoff capability. The M37 can be refilled and is

rechargeable. It can be filled with CR solution (liquid agent) or CS1 (dry

agent). For training purposes, CR can be substituted with water and CS1 can

be substituted with talcum powder.

Figure 5-21. M37

SQUAD RIOT CONTROL AGENT DISPERSER (M33A1)

5-24. The M33A1 (see Figure 5-22) is designed to provide crowd control and

protection at the squad level. It is capable of projecting a ballistic stream of

RCAs beyond 25 feet in up to 25 half-second bursts. It consists of a frame and

harness assembly, compressed-gas cylinder (agent container assembly), air

pressure assembly, gun and hose assembly, multijet spray unit, and check

valve assembly. The M33A1 can be refilled and is rechargeable. For training

purposes, CR can be substituted with water and CS1 can be substituted with

talcum powder.

Figure 5-22. M33A1

MISSION ENHANCERS

5-25. Mission enhancers aid the commander in various tactical situations.

Mission enhancers include various types of devices used for illumination,

vehicle denial, traffic control missions, and force protection enhancement.

5-12

FM 3-19.15

18 April 2005

Nonlethal Capabilities Set and Employment Considerations

PORTABLE BULLHORN

5-26. The portable bullhorn (see Figure 5-23) provides squad leaders with the

capability to project their voices above the noise and commotion created by

crowds and mobs. The megaphone has a built-in siren for alarm purposes that

allows the operator to use the device as an ordinary megaphone and siren

alarm during emergencies. The bullhorn is portable and easy to carry. The

acoustic range of the megaphone for a clear voice output is ¾ to 1 mile. The

power output of the megaphone is rated at 15 watts with a maximum rating of

20 watts. The dimensions of the megaphone are 14.5 inches with a 9-inch

diameter bell. It weighs 3.5 pounds without batteries. Battery requirements

for the megaphone are eight dry-cell size C batteries.

Figure 5-23. Portable Bullhorn

GROUND-MOUNTED BULLHORNS

5-27. Ground-mounted bullhorns (see Figure 5-24, page 5-14) are a critical

communication enhancement device for conducting crowd control tactics. The

bullhorn can facilitate communication with the crowd in conjunction with

PSYOP support and assistance with the communication of commands to

troops engaged in the crowd control process. The power output of the ground-

mounted bullhorn is rated at 22 watts. The dimensions of the bullhorn are

13.75 by 9 by 14.75 inches, and it weighs 15 pounds.

INDIVIDUAL VOICE AMPLIFICATION SYSTEM (M7)

5-28. The M7 (see Figure 5-25, page 5-14) is a critical communication

enhancement device for conducting crowd control tactics using RCAs while

wearing the M40 protective mask. The M7 is fitted to the M40 protective mask

to facilitate oral communication and increase the user's ability to

communicate using radios and other devices.

18 April 2005

FM 3-19.15

5-13

Nonlethal Capabilities Set and Employment Considerations

Figure 5-24. Ground-Mounted Bullhorns

Figure 5-25. Individual Voice Amplification System

INDIVIDUAL HIGH-INTENSITY SEARCHLIGHT WITH HOLSTER

5-29. The individual high-intensity searchlight (see Figure 5-26) is used

primarily for illumination in crowd control operations at night. An individual

can use it for general illumination of the operational area to pinpoint agitators

and threats, reduce the ability of the rioters to see troop formations and

actions, enhance tactical deception and actions, and enhance tactical

deception techniques for units conducting crowd control operations.

HIGH-INTENSITY LIGHT

5-30. A high-intensity light (see Figure 5-27) is intended for use in low light or

night conditions. A high-intensity light can project a beam that will enable the

user to identify an individual person up to 1,900 yards away. It has an

adjustable beam spread of 1° to 15° and will run continuously at maximum

power for up to 45 minutes. The internal power supply requires 4 hours for a

full charge.

5-14

FM 3-19.15

18 April 2005

Nonlethal Capabilities Set and Employment Considerations

Figure 5-26. Individual High-Intensity Searchlight with Holster

Figure 5-27. High-Intensity Light

HIGH-INTENSITY LIGHT SYSTEM WITH 12-GAUGE SHOTGUN ATTACHMENT KIT

5-31. This 12-guage high-intensity light system (see Figure 5-28, page 5-16) is

used to illuminate possible targets in crowd control situations where there is

little or no light. It serves to blur or blind the aggressor’s ability to see. It

mounts easily to the end of the 12-gauge shotgun barrel.

40-MILLIMETER CARRYING POUCH

5-32. The 40-millimeter carrying pouch is made from durable canvas

material, (see Figure 5-29, page 5-16) and can be easily affixed to load-bearing

equipment (LBE) and/or a load-bearing vest (LBV) using Velcro straps. It is

capable of carrying up to six 40-millimeter rounds.

18 April 2005

FM 3-19.15

5-15

Content      ..     5      6      7      8     ..