Standard Specifications for Road, Bridge, and Municipal Construction 2020 (M 41-10)

Paints and Related Materials

9-08

9-08.1(2)L

Exterior Acrylic Latex Paint-White

This paint shall conform to Federal Specification MIL-PRF-24635E Type II Class 1, 2 or 3.

This paint may be used self-primed in multiple coats over salts-treated wood and on
interior and exterior masonry surfaces.

9-08.1(2)M

NEPCOAT Qualified Products List A

Qualified products used shall be part of a NEPCOAT system supplied by the same
manufacturer.

9-08.1(2)N

NEPCOAT Qualified Products List B

Qualified products used shall be part of a NEPCOAT system supplied by the same
manufacturer.

9-08.1(3) Working Properties

The paint shall contain no caked material that cannot be broken up readily by stirring.
When applied to a clean vertical surface, the paint shall dry without running, streaking,
or sagging.

9-08.1(4) Storage Properties

Paints manufactured under these Specifications shall show no skin over the surface after
48 hours in a partially filled container, when tested as outlined in Federal Test Method
Standard No. 141. A slight amount of skin or gel formation where the surface of the paint
meets the side of the container may be disregarded. Variable percentages of anti-skinning
agents are shown in those formulas set forth above that are susceptible to undesirable
skin formation. The manufacturer will be allowed to vary the amount of anti-skinning
agent given in the formulas provided the above results are accomplished and provided the
paint does not dry to a nonuniform or nonelastic film.

9-08.1(5) Fineness of Grinding

The paint shall be ground so that all particles of pigment will be dispersed and be coated
with vehicle, and the residue on a 325 sieve will not exceed 1 percent by weight of the
pigment. Paint shall be homogeneous, free of contaminant, and of a consistency suitable
for use under intended application. Finished paint shall be well ground, and the pigment
shall be properly dispersed in the vehicle, conforming to the requirements of the paint.
Dispersion in the vehicle shall be such that the pigment does not settle excessively, does
not cake or thicken in the container, and does not become granular or curdled.

9-08.1(6) Test Methods

Except as otherwise specified, all paints shall be sampled and tested in the ready-mixed
form. The test methods shall be as specified in the WSDOT

Materials Manual

M 46-01 or

the corresponding test method covered by Federal Test Method Standard No. 141 or as
specified under AASHTO R 31.

Page 9-92

Paints and Related Materials

9-08.1(7) Acceptance

For projects with moisture-cured polyurethane quantities less than 20 gallons, acceptance
will be by the Manufacturer’s Certificate of Compliance.

For projects with moisture-cured polyurethane quantities greater than 20 gallons,
the product shall be listed in the current WSDOT Qualified Products List (QPL). If the
lot number is listed on the QPL, it may be accepted without additional testing. If the
lot number is not listed on the QPL, a 1 quart sample shall be submitted to the State
Materials Laboratory for testing and acceptance.

For all other paint types, acceptance will be based on visual inspection.

9-08.1(8) Standard Colors

When paint is required to match a SAE AMS Standard 595 color, the paint manufacturer
or the Contractor may obtain a sample of the required color through the following
internet link:

www.colorserver.net

Unless otherwise specified, all top or finish coats shall be semi-gloss, with the paint falling
within the range of 35 to 70 on the 60-degree gloss meter.

9-08.2

Powder Coating Materials for Coating Galvanized Surfaces

The powder coating system shall consist of two components: an epoxy primer coat and a
polyester finish coat. The epoxy primer coat and the polyester finish coat materials shall
be from the same manufacturer.

The epoxy primer coat shall be an epoxy powder primer conforming to the following
requirements:

Property

Specification

Performance Requirement

Adhesion

ASTM D3359 Method B

5B (no failure)

Flexibility

ASTM D522 Method B

Pass ⅛″ mandrel bend

Pencil Hardness

ASTM D3363

H Plus

Specific Gravity

ASTM D792

1.25 minimum

The polyester finish coat shall conform to American Architectural Manufacturers
Association (AAMA) Specification 2604.

Degassing additives may be added as necessary to prevent pin holes in the finish
coat. The degassing additives shall be added in accordance with manufacturer’s
recommendations.

The color of the powder coating system polyester finish coat shall be as specified in the
Plans or Special Provisions.

Repair materials shall be as recommended by the powder coating manufacturer and as
specified in the Contractor’s powder coating plan as accepted by the Engineer.

Paints and Related Materials

9-08

9-08.3

Concrete Surface Treatments

9-08.3(1) Pigmented Sealer Materials

The pigmented sealer shall be a semi-opaque, colored toner containing only methyl
methacrylate-ethyl acrylate copolymer resins, toning pigments suspended in solution
at all times by a chemical suspension agent, and solvent. Toning pigments shall be
laminar silicates, titanium dioxide, and inorganic oxides only. There shall be no settling
or color variation. Tinting shall occur at the factory at the time of manufacture and
placement in containers, prior to initial shipment. Use of vegetable or marine oils,
paraffin materials, stearates, or organic pigments in any part of coating formulation will
not be permitted. The color of pigmented sealer shall be as specified by the Contracting
Agency. The Contractor shall submit a 1-quart wet sample, a drawdown color sample,
and spectrophotometer or colorimeter readings taken in accordance with ASTM D2244,
for each batch and corresponding standard color card. The calculated Delta E shall not
exceed 1.5 deviation from the Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIELAB) when
measured at 10 degrees Standard Observer and Illuminant D 65.

The 1-quart wet sample shall be submitted in the manufacturer’s labeled container
with product number, batch number, and size of batch. The companion drawdown color
sample shall be labeled with the product number, batch number, and size of batch. The
Contractor shall submit the specified samples and readings to the Engineer at least
14 calendar days prior to the scheduled application of the sealer. The Contractor shall
not begin applying pigmented sealer until receiving the Engineer’s written approval of
the pigmented sealer color samples.

9-08.3(2) Exposed Aggregate Concrete Coatings and Sealers

9-08.3(2)A

Retardant Coating

Retardant coating shall exhibit the following properties:
1. Retards the set of the surface mortar of the concrete without preventing the

concrete to reach the specified 28 day compressive strength.

2. Leaves the aggregate with its original color and luster, and firmly embedded in the

concrete matrix.

3. Allows the removal of the surface mortar in accordance with the methods specified

Section 6-02.3(14)E

without the use of acidic washing compounds.

4. Allows for uniform removal of the surface mortar.

If the Contractor proposes use of a retardant coating that is not listed in the current
WSDOT QPL, the Contractor shall submit a Type 2 Working Drawing consisting of a
one quart product sample from a current lot along with supporting product information,
Safety Data Sheet, and a Manufacturer’s Certificate of Compliance stating that the
product conforms to the above performance requirements.

Page 9-94

Paints and Related Materials

9-08.3(2)B

Clear Sealer

The sealer for concrete surfaces with exposed aggregate finish shall be a clear, non-gloss,
penetrating sealer of either a silane, siloxane, or silicone based formulation.

9-08.3(3) Permeon Treatment

Permeon treatment shall be a product of known consistent performance in producing
the SAE AMS Standard 595 Color No. 30219 target color hue established by WSDOT,
either selected from the WSDOT Qualified Products List (QPL), or an equivalent
product accepted by the Engineer. For acceptance of products not listed in the current
WSDOT QPL, the Contractor shall submit Type 3 Working Drawings consisting of a one
quart product sample from a current lot, supporting product information and a Safety
Data Sheet.

9-08.4

Abrasive Blast Materials

9-08.4(1) Abrasive Blast Media

Material used for field abrasive blasting shall conform to Military Specification
MIL-A-22262B(SH) as listed on QPL-22262-28 as maintained by the Department of
the Navy. The Contractor shall provide the Engineer with certified test results from the
abrasive blast media manufacturer showing that the abrasive blast material meets the
Military Specification. The Contractor shall select the type and size of abrasive blast
media to produce a roughened, sharp, angular surface profile conforming to the surface
requirements specified by the manufacturer of the selected paint system.

9-08.4(2) Lead Abatement Additive

Lead abatement additive shall be a granular chemical abrasive additive consisting of
a complex calcium silicate designed to stabilize lead through multiple mechanisms,
including, but not limited to, pH adjustment, chemical reactions, and encapsulation.
The additive shall be specifically designed and manufactured for lead paint abatement.

9-08.5

Surface Cleaning Materials

9-08.5(1) Bird Guano Treatment

Bird guano treatment shall consist of a 5.25 percent sodium hypochlorite solution.

9-08.5(2) Fungicide Treatment

Fungicide treatment shall consist of a 5.25 percent sodium hypochlorite solution.

9-08.5(3) Water

Water used for water jetting steel surface cleaning operations shall be clean, fresh water
only, without any detergents, bleach, or any other cleaning agents or additives. Recycling
of rinse water for water jetting operations is not allowed.

Paints and Related Materials

9-08

9-08.6

Filter Fabric

Filter fabric for water jetting operations shall be a polypropylene, nonwoven, needle-
punched geosynthetic or equivalent material conforming to the following requirements:

Property

Specification

Performance

Requirement

Grab Tensile Strength ASTM D4632

100 pounds minimum

Apparent Opening Size ASTM D4751

#70 sieve

Permittivity

ASTM D4491

1.0 sec-1 or better

9-08.7

Single-Component Urethane Sealant

Single-component urethane sealant shall conform to ASTM C920 Grade NS Class 25.

9-08.8

Foam Backer Rod

Foam backer rod shall be closed-cell expanded polyethylene or polyurethane foam.

Page 9-96

Timber and Lumber

9-09

Timber and Lumber

9-09.1

General Requirements

All timber and lumber shall be sized as indicated in the Plans.

All timber and lumber to be painted shall be surfaced on all sides. All timber and lumber
to be painted shall be thoroughly air or kiln dried to an equilibrium moisture content and
shall be stored in such a manner as to remain in a thoroughly dry condition until placed
into the Work.

9-09.2

Grade Requirements

Timber and lumber shall conform to the grades and usage listed below.

Timber and lumber shall be marked with a certified lumber grade stamp provided by one
of the following agencies:

West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau (WCLIB),
Western Wood Products Association (WWPA),
Pacific Lumber Inspection Bureau (PLIB), or
Any lumber grading bureau certified by the American Lumber Standards Committee.

For structures, all material delivered to the project shall bear a grade stamp and have
a grading certificate. The grade stamp and grading certificate shall not constitute final
acceptance of the material. The Engineer may reject any or all of the timber or lumber that
does not comply with the Specifications or has been damaged during shipping or upon
delivery. The grading certificate shall be issued by either the grading bureau whose stamp
is shown on the material, or by the lumber mill, which shall be under the supervision of
one of the grading bureaus listed above. The certificate shall include the following:

Name of the mill performing the grading;
The grading rules being used;
Name of the person doing the grading, with current certification;
Signature of a responsible mill official;
Date the lumber was graded at the mill; and,
Grade, dimensions, and quantity of the timber or lumber

For Guardrail Posts and Blocks, Signposts, Mileposts, Sawed Fence Posts, and Mailbox
Posts, the material delivered to the project shall either bear a grade stamp on each piece
or have a grading certificate as defined above. The grade stamp or grading certificate
shall not constitute final acceptance of the material. The Engineer may reject any or all of
the timber or lumber that does not comply with the specifications or has been damaged
during shipping or upon delivery.

Timber and Lumber

9-09

9-09.2(1) Structures

All timber and lumber for structures shall be Douglas Fir-Larch unless specified otherwise
in the contract, and shall conform to the following:

Materials 2″ to 4″ nominal thick, 5″ nominal

and wider (Structural Joists and Planks)

No. 1 and better, grade (Section 123-b of

WCLIB) or (Section 62.11 of WWPA)

Materials 5″ nominal and thicker

(Beams and Stringers)

No. 1 and better, grade (Section 130-b of

WCLIB) or (Section 70.11 of WWPA)

Timber lagging for soldier pile walls shall be Douglas Fir-Larch, grade No. 2 or better,
or Hem-Fir No. 1.

When the material is delivered to the project, the Engineer will check the order for the
appropriate grade stamp. The invoice and grading certificate accompanying the order
must be accurate and complete with the information listed above. The grading certificate
and grade markings shall not constitute final acceptance of the material. The Engineer
may reject any or all of the timber or lumber that does not comply with the Specifications
or has been damaged during shipping or upon delivery.

9-09.2(2) Guardrail Posts and Blocks.

Timber and lumber for guardrail posts and blocks (classified as Posts and Timbers) shall
conform to the species and grades listed below:

Douglas Fir

No. 1 and better, grade

(Section 131-b WCLIB) or (Section 80.11 WWPA)

Hem Fir

Select Structural, grade

(Section 131-a WCLIB) or (Section 80.10 WWPA)

Southern Yellow Pine

No. 1 and better, grade (Southern Pine Inspection Bureau)

When the material is delivered to the project, the Engineer will check the order for the
appropriate grade stamp. The grade markings shall not constitute final acceptance of the
material. The Engineer may reject any or all of the timber or lumber that does not comply
with the Specifications or has been damaged during shipping or upon delivery.

9-09.2(3) Signposts, Mileposts, Sawed Fence Posts, and Mailbox Posts

The allowable species of timber and lumber for signposts and mileposts shall be Douglas
Fir-Larch or Hem Fir. Timber and lumber for sawed fence posts and mailbox posts shall be
Western Red Cedar, Douglas Fir-Larch, or Hem Fir.

Signposts, mileposts, sawed fence posts, and mailbox posts shall conform to the grades
shown below:

4″ × 4″

Construction grade (Light Framing, Section 122-b WCLIB)

or (Section 40.11 WWPA)

4″ × 6″

No. 1 and better, grade (Structural Joists and Planks,

Section 123-b WCLIB) or (Section 62.11 WWPA)

Page 9-98

Timber and Lumber

6″ × 6″, 6″ × 8″, 8″ × 10″

No. 1 and better, grade (Posts and Timbers,

Section 131-b WCLIB) or (Section 80.11 WWPA)

6″ × 10″, 6″ × 12″

No. 1 and better, grade (Beams and Stringers,

Section 130-b WCLIB) or (Section 70.11 WWPA)

9-09.3

Preservative Treatment

9-09.3(1) General Requirements

All timber and lumber requiring preservative treatment shall be treated in accordance
with AASHTO M133. As specified by AASHTO M133, the American Wood Protection
Association (AWPA) standards shall govern the Specifications. These Specifications
include: storing and curing the timber and lumber, the wood preservatives, the
preservative treatment process, documenting the results of the treatment, inspection,
testing, and the identification of properly treated timber. Unless otherwise specified in
the Contract, all timber and lumber shall be treated in accordance with Sections U1 and
T1 of the latest edition of the AWPA standards.

All cutting, boring, chamfering, routing, surfacing, and trimming shall be done prior to
treating. Any field drilling or cutoffs shall be treated by two liberal applications of a
compatible preservative. The applications shall be in accordance with the requirements
of AWPA Standard M-4 entitled, “Standard for the Care of Pressured Treated
Wood Products”.

All charges shall consist of pieces of the same species that are similar in form, size,
moisture content, and receptivity to treatment. The pieces in the charge shall be
separated to ensure contact of treating medium with all surfaces. The method of
determining the retention of the preservatives shall be by assay.

All orders of treated timber and lumber shall be accompanied by a Certificate of
Treatment showing conformance to this specification and AWPA standards record.
The Certificate of Treatment shall include the following information:

Name and location of the wood preserving company,
Customer identification,
Date of treatment and charge number,
Type of chemical used and amount of retention,
Treating process and identification of the Specification used,
Boring records verifying treatment penetration for timber and lumber with a nominal
dimension of 6" by 6" or larger,
Description of material that was treated, and
Signature of a responsible plant official.

All timber and lumber to be used in aquatic environments, unless specified otherwise in
the Contract, shall be chemically treated using Western Wood Preservers Institute Best
Management Practices (BMPs). The producer of the chemically treated products shall
supply a written certification that the BMPs were utilized, including a description and
appropriate documentation of the BMPs used. This information may be included on the
Certificate of Treatment record.

Piling 9-10

9-10 Piling

9-10.1

Timber Piling

Timber piling shall be untreated or treated with the preservatives specified in the Plans
and completely described in

Section 9-09.3

Timber piles shall have the following limiting diameters:

Length in Feet

Min. Butt Dia. 3 feet

Above Butt in inches

Max. Butt Dia. 3 feet

Above Butt in inches

Min. Tip Dia. in inches

Under 40

40 to 54

55 to 74

Over 74

Timber piles shall be strapped with at least three straps: one approximately 18 inches
from the butt, one approximately 24 inches from the butt, and one approximately
12 inches from the tip. Additional straps shall be provided at approximately 15-foot
centers between the butt and tip. Strapping shall encircle the pile once and be tensioned
as tightly as possible. Straps shall be 1¼ inches wide, 0.31 inch thick, cold rolled, fully heat
treated, high tensile strapping, painted, and waxed, with an ultimate tensile strength of
5,100 pounds. The seal shall be 2¼ inches long, 20 gage, crimped with a notch type sealer
to furnish a joint yielding 80 percent of the strap tensile strength. Treated timber piles
shall be strapped after treatment.

9-10.1(1) Untreated Piling

Except where specifically provided otherwise, untreated timber piling shall be Douglas Fir,
Western Red Cedar, or Larch. Piling for foundations shall be Douglas Fir. Piling shall be cut
from sound, live trees and shall contain no unsound knots. Sound knots will be permitted,
provided the diameter of the knot does not exceed 4 inches, or ⅓ of the small diameter of
the pile at the point where they occur, whichever is smaller. Any defect or combination of
defects which will impair the strength of the pile more than the maximum allowable knot
will not be permitted.

Piling shall be cut above the butt swell and shall have a uniform taper from butt to tip. A
line drawn from the center of the tip to the center of the butt shall not fall outside the
center of the pile at any point more than 1 percent of the length of the pile. A spiral grain
or twist in excess of ¼ turn in 10 feet of length will be cause for rejection.

Untreated timber trestle piling shall have an average of at least five annual rings per inch
measured radially over a distance of 3 inches at the butt, beginning at a point 3½ inches
from the heart. At least 9 inches of heartwood shall show at the butt.

Ring count requirements for untreated timber foundation piling and detour trestle piling
will be waived.

Page 9-100

9-10.1(2) Creosote Treated Piling

For creosote treated piling, Douglas Fir timber shall be used. All other requirements shall
be the same as for untreated piling, except that the ring count requirement will be waived.

9-10.1(3) Timber Composite Piling

Timber composite piling shall consist of a pile made up of two timber sections. The lower
section shall be untreated, and the upper section shall be creosote treated.

The treated and untreated sections of timber composite pile shall meet the respective
requirements specified above for full length of treated and untreated timber piling.

9-10.1(4) Peeling

Untreated and creosote treated piles shall be peeled by removing all of the rough bark
and at least 80 percent of the inner bark. No strip of inner bark remaining on the pile
shall be over ¾ inch wide or over 8 inches long, and there shall be at least 1 inch of clean
wood surface between any two such strips. Not less than 80 percent of the surface on
any circumference shall be clean wood. All knots shall be trimmed close to the body of
the pile.

9-10.2

Concrete Piling

9-10.2(1) Concrete

The concrete for prestressed piles shall have a minimum compressive strength of
6,000 psi at the age of 28 days. The minimum compressive strength of concrete at the
transfer of prestress shall be 3,300 psi.

The concrete for other precast piles shall be Class 4000. Mixing, transporting, and placing
concrete shall be in accordance with the provisions of

Section 6-02.3

The Contractor shall mold and test a sufficient number of concrete test cylinders to
determine the strength of the concrete as required by the Specifications. Under the
surveillance of the Engineer, the test cylinders shall be molded, cured, and tested in
accordance with the procedures established by the State Materials Laboratory.

In the event that a sufficient number of concrete test cylinders are not molded to satisfy
all testing required on any one pile, cores measuring 4 inches in diameter by 5 inches in
height shall be taken and tested by the Contractor. If the strength of the core meets the
required compressive strength of the concrete, the pile may be accepted. The coring and
testing of the core shall be done under the surveillance of the Engineer.

9-10.2(2) Reinforcement

Reinforcement shall meet the requirements of

Section 9-07

Piling 9-10

9-10.3

Cast-In-Place Concrete Piling

Reinforcement for cast-in-place concrete piles shall conform to

Section 9-07.2

9-10.4

Steel Pile Tips and Shoes

Steel pile tips and shoes shall be fabricated of cast steel conforming to ASTM A148 Grade
90-60 [620-415] or ASTM A27 Grade 65-35 [450-240] and be free from any obvious
defects. Pile tips shall be accompanied by a mill test report stating the chemical and
physical properties (tensile and yield) of the steel.

9-10.5

Steel Piling

The material for rolled steel piling H-piling and pile splices shall conform to ASTM A36,
ASTM A572 or ASTM A992. The material for steel pipe piling and splices shall conform to
one of the following requirements except as specifically noted in the plans:
1. API 5L Grade X42 or X52 material may be used for longitudinal seam welded or

helical (spiral) seam submerged-arc welded pipe piles of any diameter.

2. ASTM A252, Grade 2 or 3 material may be used for longitudinal seam welded

or helical (spiral) seam submerged-arc welded pipe piles of any diameter. For the
purposes of welding and prequalification of base metal, steel pipe pile designated
as ASTM A252 may be treated as prequalified provided the chemical composition
conforms to a prequalified base metal classification listed in Table 3.1 of the AWS
D1.1/D1.1M, latest edition, Structural Welding Code, the grade of pipe piling meets
or exceeds the grade specified in the Plans, and the carbon equivalent (CE) is a
maximum of 0.45-percent.

3. ASTM A572 or ASTM A588 material may be used for longitudinal seam welded piles

of any diameter.

For helical (spiral) seam submerged-arc welded pipe piles, the maximum radial offset of
strip/plate edges shall be ⅛ inch. The offset shall be transitioned with a taper weld and
the slope shall not be less than a 1 in 2.5 taper. The weld reinforcement shall not be
greater than 3/16 inches and misalignment of weld beads shall not exceed ⅛ inch.

Steel soldier piles, and associated steel bars and plates, shall conform to ASTM A36,
ASTM A572 or ASTM A992, except as otherwise noted in the Plans.

All steel piling may be accepted by the Engineer based on the Manufacturer’s Certification
of Compliance submitted in accordance with

Section 1-06.3

. The manufacturer’s

certificate of compliance submittal for steel pipe piles shall be accompanied by certified
mill test reports, including chemical analysis and carbon equivalence, for each heat of
steel used to fabricate the steel pipe piling.

Page 9-102

Waterproof Membrane

9-11

Waterproof Membrane

9-11.1

Asphalt for Waterproofing

Waterproof membrane shall be a sheet membrane conforming to ASTM D 6153 Type III,
the puncture capacity specified below, and either the thin polymer sheet tensile stress or
the geotextile and fabric grab tensile strength specified below:

Performance Properties

Test Method

Specification

Requirements

Tensile Stress

(for Thin Polymer Sheets)

ASTM D 882

75 pounds per

inch min.

Grab Tensile Strength

(for Geotextiles and Fabrics)

ASTM D 4632

(Woven or Nonwoven)

200 pounds min.

Puncture Capacity

(For Thin Polymer Sheets, Geotextiles and Fabrics)

ASTM E 154

200 pounds min.

Waterproofing membrane will be accepted based on a Manufacturer’s Certificate of
Compliance with each lot of waterproof membrane.

9-11.2

Primer for Waterproof Membrane

The primer for the waterproof membrane shall be appropriate for bonding the sheet
membrane to the bridge deck surface and shall be compatible with the membrane in
accordance with the waterproof membrane manufacturer’s recommendations.

Page 9-104

Riprap, Quarry Spalls, Slope Protection, and Rock for Erosion and Scour Protection and Rock Walls

9-13

Riprap, Quarry Spalls, Slope Protection, and Rock for Erosion

and Scour Protection and Rock Walls

9-13.1

Riprap and Quarry Spalls

9-13.1(1) General

Riprap and quarry spalls shall consist of broken stone or broken concrete rubble and
shall be free of rock fines, soil, or other extraneous material. Concrete rubble shall not
be contaminated by foreign materials such as fibers, wood, steel, asphalt, sealant, soil,
plastic and other contaminants or deleterious material. Concrete rubble that is imported
to the job site will require testing and certification for toxicity characteristics per

Section 9-03.21(1)

The grading of the riprap shall be determined by the Engineer by visual inspection of
the load before it is dumped into place, or, if so ordered by the Engineer, by dumping
individual loads on a flat surface and sorting and measuring the individual rocks contained
in the load. Should the riprap contain insufficient spalls, as defined in

Section 9-13.1(5)

the Contractor shall furnish and place supplementary spall material.

Riprap and quarry spalls shall be free from segregation, seams, cracks, and other
defects tending to destroy its resistance to weather and shall meet the following
test requirements:

Aggregate Property

Test method

Requirement

Degradation Factor

WSDOT Test Method

T 113

15 minimum

Los Angeles Wear, 500 Rev.

AASHTO T 96

50% maximum

Specific Gravity, SSD

AASHTO T 85

2.55 minimum

9-13.1(2) Heavy Loose Riprap

Heavy loose riprap shall meet the following requirements for grading:

Minimum Size

Maximum Size

40% to 90%

1 ton (½ cubic yd.)

70% to 90%

300 lbs. (2 cu. ft.)

10% to 30%

3 inch

50 lbs. (spalls)

9-13.1(3) Light Loose Riprap

Light loose riprap shall meet the following requirements for grading:

Size Range

Maximum Size

20% to 90%

300 lbs. to 1 ton

(2 cu. ft. to ½ cu. yd.)

15% to 80%

50 lbs. to 1 ton

(⅓ cu. ft. to ½ cu. yd.)

10% to 20%

3 inch

50 lbs. (spalls)

Riprap, Quarry Spalls, Slope Protection, and Rock for Erosion and Scour Protection and Rock Walls

9-13

9-13.1(4) Hand Placed Riprap

Hand placed riprap shall be as nearly rectangular as possible, 60 percent shall have a
volume of not less than 1 cubic foot. No stone shall be used which is less than 6 inches
thick, nor which does not extend through the wall.

9-13.1(5) Quarry Spalls

Quarry spalls shall meet the following requirements for grading:

Sieve Size

Percent Passing

8″

100

3″

40 max.

¾″

10 max.

9-13.2 Vacant
9-13.3 Vacant
9-13.4

Rock for Erosion and Scour Protection

Rock for Erosion and Scour Protection shall be hard, sound, and durable material, free
from seams, cracks, and other defects that tend to destroy its resistance to weather, and
it shall consist of broken and/or processed rock. Rock for Erosion and Scour Protection
shall meet the quality requirements in

Section 9-13

and the grading requirements in

Section 9-13.4(2)

. The use of recycled materials and concrete rubble is not permitted for

this application.

9-13.4(1) Suitable Shape of Rock for Erosion and Scour Protection

The Suitable Shape of these rocks shall be “Angular” (having sharply defined edges) to
“Subangular” (having a shape in between Rounded and Angular) for a higher degree of
interlocking to provide stability to the protected area. The use of round, thin, flat, or long
and needle-like shapes is not allowed. Suitable Shape can be determined by the ratio of
the Length/Thickness, where the Length is the longest axis, Width is the second longest
axis, and Thickness is the shortest. The Suitable Shape shall be the maximum of 3.0 using
the following calculation:

Length

Thickness

= ≤ 3.0 Suitable Shape

Page 9-106

Riprap, Quarry Spalls, Slope Protection, and Rock for Erosion and Scour Protection and Rock Walls

9-13.4(2) Grading Requirements of Rock for Erosion and Scour Protection

Rock for Erosion and Scour Protection will be classified as Class A, Class B, and Class
C, and it shall have a “Well-Graded” structure that meets the requirements for Suitable
Shape and conforms to one or more of the following gradings as shown in the Plans.

Class A

Class C

Approximate

Size (in.)

Percent Passing

(Smaller)

Approximate

Size (in.)

Percent Passing

(Smaller)

100

80-95

50-80

15-50

15 max.

Class B

Approximate

Size (in.)

Percent Passing

(Smaller)

100

80-95

50-80

15-50

15 max.

Approximate Size can be determined by taking the average dimension of the three axes of the rock,

Length, Width, and Thickness, by use of the following calculation:

Length + Width + Thickness

= Approximate Size

Rock for Erosion and Scour Protection shall be visually accepted by the Engineer. The
Engineer shall determine the Suitable Shape, Approximate Size, and Grading of the load
before it is placed. If so ordered by the Engineer, the loads shall be dumped on a flat
surface for sorting and measuring the individual rocks contained in the load.

9-13.5

Concrete Slope Protection

Concrete slope protection shall consist of reinforced portland cement or blended
hydraulic cement concrete poured or pneumatically placed upon the slope with a
rustication joint pattern or semi-open concrete masonry units placed upon the slope
closely adjoining each other.

9-13.5(1) Semi-Open Concrete Masonry Units Slope Protection

Precast cement concrete blocks shall conform to the requirements of ASTM C1319.

Standard Specifications for Road, Bridge, and Municipal Construction 2020 (M 41-10) - page 82