Volvo V90 Twin Engine (2018 year). Manual - part 25

Brake assistance (p. 430)

•

•

Brake lights (p. 145)

•

Emergency brake lights (p. 429)

•

Emergency brake lights

Emergency brake lights are activated to alert
vehicles behind about heavy braking. The func-
tion means that the brake light flashes instead of
- as in normal braking - shining with a constant
glow.

The emergency brake lights are activated during
heavy braking or if the ABS system is activated at
high speeds. After emergency braking to a low
speed, the brake lights return from flashing to the
normal constant glow. The car's hazard warning
flashers are activated at the same time. These
flash until the driver accelerates the car to a
higher speed again or switches off the hazard
warning flashers.

Related information

•

Foot brake (p. 427)

•

Hazard warning flashers (p. 145)

•

Brake lights (p. 145)

STARTING AND DRIVING

* Option/accessory.

430

Brake assistance

The brake assist system, BAS (Brake Assist
System), helps to increase brake force during
braking, thereby shortening the braking distance.

The system detects the way in which the driver
brakes and increases brake force where neces-
sary. The brake force can be boosted up to the
level when the ABS system is engaged. The
function is suspended when the pressure on the
brake pedal decreases.

Related information

•

Foot brake (p. 427)

Auto braking after a collision

In the event of a collision in which the activation
level is reached for the pyrotechnic seatbelt ten-
sioners or airbags, or if a collision with a large
animal is detected, the car's brakes are automat-
ically applied. This function is to prevent or
reduce the effects of any subsequent collision.

After a serious collision there is a risk that it is no
longer possible to control and steer the car. In
order to avoid or mitigate a possible further colli-
sion with a vehicle or an object in the vehicle's
path, the auto braking system is activated auto-
matically and brakes the car in a safe manner.

Brake lights and hazard warning lights are acti-
vated during braking. When the car has stopped,
the hazard warning lights continue to flash and
the parking brake is applied.

If braking is not appropriate, e.g. if there is a risk
of being hit by following traffic, the system can be
overridden by the driver depressing the accelera-
tor pedal.

The function assumes that the brake system is
intact after the collision.

See also the sections "Rear Collision Warning"
and "Blind Spot Information".

Related information

•

Seatbelt tensioner (p. 64)

•

•

Airbags (p. 67)

•

Rear Collision Warning (p. 354)

•

BLIS

* (p. 354)

STARTING AND DRIVING

}}

431

Parking brake

The parking brake prevents the car from rolling
away from stationary by means of mechanically
locking/blocking two wheels.

The control for the parking brake is located in the tunnel

console between the seats.

A faint electric motor noise can be heard when
the electrically-operated parking brake is being
applied. The noise can also be heard during the
automatic function checking of the parking brake.

If the car is stationary when the parking brake is
applied then it only acts on the rear wheels. If it is
applied when the car is moving then the normal
foot brake is used, i.e. the brake acts on all four
wheels. Brake function changes over to the rear
wheels when the car is almost stationary.

Related information

•

Using the parking brake (p. 431)

•

•

In the event of a fault in the parking brake
(p. 433)

Using the parking brake

Use the parking brake to prevent the car from
rolling from stationary.

Applying the parking brake

1. Pull the control upward.

> The symbol in the driver display illumi-

nates when the parking brake is applied.

2. Check that the car is stationary.

Symbol in the driver display

Symbol

Specification

The symbol is illuminated when the
parking brake is applied.

If the symbol flashes, it indicates a
fault has occurred. Read the mes-
sage on the driver display.

STARTING AND DRIVING

432

Automatic application

The parking brake is applied automatically:

•

if the Auto hold function (automatic braking
when stationary) is activated and the car has
been stationary for approx. 5 minutes.

•

when gear position P is selected on a steep
hill.

•

when the car is switched off and the "Auto-
matic activation of parking brake" is acti-
vated

Emergency brake

In an emergency, the parking brake can be
applied when the car is in motion by pulling and
holding up the control. Braking stops when the
control is released.

An acoustic signal sounds while emergency
braking is active at high speeds.

Releasing the parking brake

Releasing manually

1. Depress the brake pedal firmly.

2. Press the control down.

> The parking brake releases and the sym-

bol in the driver display extinguishes.

Releasing automatically

1. Put the seatbelt on.

2. Depress the brake pedal firmly.

3. Start the car.

4. Select gear position D or R and depress the

accelerator pedal.
> The parking brake releases and the sym-

bol in the driver display extinguishes.

In the event of a fault in the parking brake
(p. 433)

When the car is first started, the parking
brake can be released automatically without
the seatbelt fastened.

Parking on a hill

WARNING

Always use the parking brake when parking

on an inclined surface. Engaging a gear or the

automatic transmission's P position is not suf-

ficient to hold the car stationary in all situa-

tions.

If the car is parked facing uphill:

•

Turn the wheels away from the kerb.

If the car is parked facing downhill:

•

Turn the wheels towards the kerb.

Heavy load uphill

A heavy load, such as a trailer, can cause the car
to roll backward when the parking brake is
released automatically on a steep incline. Avoid
this by pulling the control upwards while driving
the car away. Release the control when the
engine achieves traction.

See heading "Settings for parking brake".

STARTING AND DRIVING

433

Settings for parking brake

Automatic activation of the parking brake is
selected via the centre display.

Automatic activation when the car is switched off:

1. Press

Settings

in the top view.

2. Press

My Car

Parking Brake and

Suspension

and deselect/select the func-

tion

Auto Activate Parking Brake

Related information

•

Parking brake (p. 431)

•

•

Automatic braking when stationary (p. 434)

In the event of a fault in the parking

brake

Contact an authorised Volvo workshop if it is not
possible to release or apply the parking brake
after several attempts.

An acoustic warning signal sounds when driving
with the parking brake applied.

If the car must be parked before a possible fault
is rectified, then the wheels must be turned as for
parking on a hill

and the gear selector must be

in position P.

Low battery voltage

If the battery voltage is too low then the parking
brake can neither be released nor applied. Con-
nect a donor battery if the battery voltage is too
low.

Replacing the brake linings

The rear brake linings must be replaced at a
workshop due to the design of the electrically-
operated parking brake - an authorised Volvo
workshop is recommended.

Symbols in the driver display

Symbol

Specification

If the symbol flashes, it indicates a
fault has occurred. See the mes-
sage in the driver display.

Fault in brake system. See the
message in the driver display.

Information message in driver dis-
play.

Message examples:

•

Parking brake

Service required

•

Parking brake

System overheated

•

Parking brake

Not released

•

Parking brake

Cannot hold car

•

Parking brake

Temporarily unavailable

Related information

•

Using the parking brake (p. 431)

•

•

Parking brake (p. 431)

•

Using jump starting with another battery
(p. 413)

See section "Using the parking brake".

STARTING AND DRIVING

434

Hill start assist

Hill start assist, Hill Start Assist (HSA), prevents
the car from rolling backwards when starting on
an uphill gradient. When reversing uphill, it pre-
vents the car from rolling forwards.

The function means that the pedal pressure in
the brake system remains for several seconds
while the driver's foot is moved from brake pedal
to accelerator pedal.

The temporary braking effect releases after sev-
eral seconds or when the driver accelerates.

Hill start assist is available even if the function for
automatic braking when stationary (Auto hold) is
deactivated.

Related information

•

Automatic braking when stationary (p. 434)

•

Automatic braking when stationary

Automatic braking when stationary (Auto hold)
means that the driver can release the brake
pedal while maintaining braking effect when the
car has stopped at traffic lights or a junction.

Function

When the car has stopped, the brakes are acti-
vated automatically. The function can use either
foot brake or parking brake to hold the car sta-
tionary and it works on all gradients. When the
accelerator pedal is depressed again, the brakes
are released.

When braking to a stop on a downhill or uphill
gradient - depress the brake pedal a bit harder
before releasing to ensure that the car does not
roll at all.

When stationary or when is the car is switched
off, the parking brake is applied after approx. 5
minutes.

Automatic deactivation

The function is deactivated automatically:

•

when the driver's door is open and the driv-
er's seatbelt is unfastened.

Switch for automatic brake

An indicator in the button illuminates when the function

is activated.

Activate or deactivate Auto hold with the switch
in the tunnel console. The function remains deac-
tivated until it is reactivated.

If the function is active and holds the
car with the foot brake (A-symbol illu-
minated) then the brake pedal must be
depressed at the same time as the

button is depressed in order to deactivate.

When the function is deactivated, hill start assist
(HSA) remains active to prevent the car from roll-
ing backwards when starting on an uphill gradi-
ent.

STARTING AND DRIVING

435

Symbols in the driver display

Symbol

Specification

The symbol is illuminated when the
function uses the foot brake to
keep the car stationary.

The symbol is illuminated when the
function uses the parking brake to
keep the car stationary.

Related information

•

Hill start assist (p. 434)

•

Driving in water

Driving in water means that the car is driven
through deep water on a water-covered road-
way. Driving in water must be carried out with
great caution.

Note the following in order to prevent damage to
the car when driving through water (e.g. on floo-
ded roads):

•

The water level must not be higher than the
floor of the car. If possible, check the depth
at the deepest point before starting to drive
through the water. Extra caution should be
exercised when passing through flowing
water.

•

Do not drive faster than walking pace.

•

Do not stop the car in the water. Drive for-
ward carefully or reverse the car back out of
the water.

•

Remember that waves created by oncoming
traffic may rise above the level for the floor of
the car.

•

Avoid driving through salt water (corrosion
risk).

Recovering the car (p. 454)

Parts of the car (e.g. engine, gearbox, drive-
line or electrical components) may be dam-
aged when driving through water with a level
higher than the floor of the car. Damaged
caused to a component caused by submer-
sion, hydrolock or lack of oil is not covered by
the warranty.

In the event of stalling in water, do not try to
restart. Instead, tow the car out of the water
and transported on a low loader to a work-
shop. An authorised Volvo workshop is rec-
ommended.

When the water has been passed, depress the
brake pedal lightly and check that full brake func-
tion is achieved. Water and mud for example can
make the brake linings wet resulting in delayed
brake function.

If necessary, clean the contact for the trailer cou-
pling after driving in water and mud.

Related information

•

Towing (p. 453)

•

STARTING AND DRIVING

436

Overheating in the engine and drive

system

Under special conditions, for example hard driv-
ing in hilly terrain and hot climate, there is a risk
that the engine and drive system may overheat -
in particular with a heavy load.

•

In the event of overheating, the engine's
power may be limited temporarily.

•

Remove any auxiliary lamps from in front of
the grille when driving in hot climates.

•

If the temperature in the engine's cooling
system becomes too high then a warning
symbol is illuminated and the driver display
shows the message

Engine temperature

High temperature Stop safely

. Stop the

car in a safe way and allow the engine to run
at idling speed for several minutes and cool
down.

•

If the message

Engine temperature

High

temperature Turn off engine

Engine

coolant

Level low, turn off engine

shown, stop the car and switch off the
engine.

•

In the event of overheating in the gearbox, an
alternative gear shift program will be
selected. In addition, a built-in protection
function is activated that, amongst other
things, illuminates a warning symbol and the
driver display shows the message

Transmission warm

Reduce speed to

lower temperature

Transmission hot

Stop safely, wait for cooling

. Follow the

recommendation given, reduce speed or stop
the car in a safe way and allow the engine to
run at idling speed for several minutes to
enable the gearbox to cool down.

•

If the car overheats, the air conditioning may
be switched off temporarily.

•

Do not turn the engine off immediately you
stop after a hard drive.

Topping up coolant (p. 557)

It is normal for the engine's cooling fan to
operate for a time after the engine has been
switched off.

Symbols in the driver display

Symbol

Specification

High engine temperature. Follow
the recommendation given.

Low level, coolant. Follow the rec-
ommendation given.

Gearbox hot/overheated/cooled.
Follow the recommendation given.

Related information

•

•

Driving with a trailer (p. 448)

•

Preparations for a long trip (p. 437)

STARTING AND DRIVING

* Option/accessory.

437

Overloading the starter battery

The electrical functions in the car load the starter
battery to varying degrees. Avoid using the igni-
tion position II when the car is switched off.
Instead, use ignition position I - which uses less
power.

Also, be aware of different accessories that load
the electrical system. Do not use functions which
use a lot of power when the car is switched off.
Examples of such functions are:

•

ventilation fan

•

headlamps

•

windscreen wiper

•

audio system (high volume).

If the starter battery voltage is low, the message

12 V Battery

Low charge, will soon enter

power save mode

is shown in the driver display.

The energy-saving function then shuts down cer-
tain functions or reduces certain functions such
as the ventilation fan and/or audio system.

–

In which case, charge the starter battery by
starting the car and then running it for at
least 15 minutes - starter battery charging is
more effective during driving than running
the engine at idling speed while stationary.

Related information

•

Ignition positions (p. 409)

•

Starter battery (p. 564)

Preparations for a long trip

Before a driving holiday or some other type of
long journey, it is important to check the car's
functions and equipment particularly carefully.

Check that:

•

the engine is working normally and that fuel
consumption is normal

•

there are no leaks (fuel, oil or other fluid)

•

brake force during braking is optimal

•

all lamps are working - adjust headlamp level
if the car is heavily laden

•

the tyres have sufficient tread depth and
pressure. Change to winter tyres when driv-
ing to areas where there is a risk of snowy or
icy road surfaces.

•

starter battery charging is good

•

the wiper blades are in good condition

•

a warning triangle and high-visibility vest are
located in the car - legally required in certain
countries.

Related information

•

Fuel consumption and CO2 emissions
(p. 603)

•

Checking the tyre pressures (p. 524)

•

Filling washer fluid (p. 563)

•

Winter driving (p. 438)

•

Economical driving (p. 442)

•

Settings for car modem

* (p. 506)

•

Recommendations for loading (p. 225)

•

•

•

Road Sign Information with Speed Camera
Information

* (p. 366)

•

Driving with a trailer (p. 448)

•

Driving in water (p. 435)

•

Charging cable (p. 457)

•

Alarm

* (p. 263)

•

Level control

* and shock absorption (p. 426)

•

Warning triangle (p. 540)

•

Emergency puncture repair kit (p. 530)

•

Spare wheel

* (p. 538)

STARTING AND DRIVING

438

Winter driving

For winter driving it is important to perform cer-
tain checks of the car in order to ensure that it
can be driven safely.

Check the following in particular before the cold
season:

•

The engine coolant must contain 50% glycol.
This mixture protects the engine against
frost down to approx. -35°C (-31°F). To avoid
health risks, different types of glycol must not
be mixed.

•

The fuel tank must be kept filled to prevent
condensation.

•

Engine oil viscosity is important. Oils with
lower viscosity (thinner oils) facilitate starting
in cold weather and also reduce fuel con-
sumption while the engine is cold. Read
more about suitable oils in the section
"Adverse driving conditions for engine oil".

Low viscosity oil must not be used for hard
driving or in hot weather.

•

The condition of the starter battery and
charge level must be inspected. Cold
weather places great demands on the starter

battery and its capacity is reduced by the
cold.

•

Use washer fluid with antifreeze to avoid ice
forming in the washer fluid reservoir.

Slippery driving conditions

To achieve optimum roadholding Volvo recom-
mends using winter tyres on all wheels if there is
a risk of snow or ice.

Topping up coolant (p. 557)

The use of winter tyres is a legal requirement
in certain countries. Studded tyres are not
permitted in all countries.

Practise driving on slippery surfaces under con-
trolled conditions to learn how the car reacts.

Related information

•

•

Adverse driving conditions for engine oil
(p. 599)

•

Starter battery (p. 564)

•

Winter wheels (p. 539)

•

Filling washer fluid (p. 563)

•

Replacing a wiper blade (p. 561)

•

Parking climate (p. 205)

•

Activating/deactivating defrost of windows
and door mirrors (p. 194)

•

Drive modes (p. 421)

•

Foot brake (p. 427)

•

All-wheel drive (p. 427)

•

Electronic Stability Control ESC (p. 276)

STARTING AND DRIVING

}}

439

Opening/closing the fuel filler flap

and refuelling

The fuel tank is fitted with a coverless fuel filler
system.

Opening/closing the fuel filler flap

In the driver display, the arrow
next to the tank symbol indi-
cates which side of the car the
fuel filler flap is located.

1. Press the button on the instrument panel.

> Pressure equalisation of the fuel tank

involves a certain delay in opening the
flap. The message

Fuel tank

Fuel lid is

opening

is shown in the driver display,

and then

Fuel tank

Ready for

refuelling

2. After refuelling is finished - close the flap

with a gentle press.

Refuelling at a petrol station

Refuelling is carried out as follows.

1. Switch off the car and open the fuel filler

flap.

2. Choose fuel that is approved for use in the

car in accordance with the identifier

on the

inside of the fuel filler flap. See information
on approved fuels and identifier in the sec-
tion on "Petrol".

3. Insert the pump nozzle in the fuel filler open-

ing. The filler pipe has two opening caps. The
pump nozzle must be pushed past both caps
before refuelling is started.

The identifier in accordance with the CEN standard EN16942 is located on the inside of the fuel filler flap, and will be on corresponding fuel pumps and their nozzles at filling stations throughout Europe by the

end of 2018 at the latest.

STARTING AND DRIVING

440

4. Do not overfill the tank but fill until the pump

nozzle cuts out the first time.
> The tank is full.

Handling of fuel (p. 440)

Overfilled fuel in the tank can overflow in hot
weather.

Label

Never use the fuel-driven heater when the car is
in a filling station area.

Decal on the inside of the fuel filler flap.

Related information

•

•

Petrol (p. 441)

•

Fuel gauge (p. 105)

Handling of fuel

Do not use fuel with a lower quality than that rec-
ommended by Volvo, as this will negatively affect
engine power and fuel consumption.

WARNING

Always avoid inhaling fuel vapour and getting

fuel splashes in the eyes.
In the event of fuel in the eyes, remove any

contact lenses and rinse the eyes in plenty of

water for at least 15 minutes and seek medi-

cal attention.
Never swallow fuel. Fuels such as petrol, bioe-

thanol and mixtures of them and diesel are

highly toxic and could cause permanent injury

or be fatal if swallowed. Seek medical atten-

tion immediately if fuel has been swallowed.

WARNING

Fuel which spills onto the ground can be igni-

ted.
Switch off the fuel-driven heater before star-

ting to refuel.
Never carry an activated mobile phone when

refuelling. The ring signal could cause spark

build-up and ignite petrol fumes, leading to

fire and injury.

Mixtures of various fuel types or use of fuels
which are not recommended will invalidate
Volvo's guarantees and any supplementary
service agreements; this is applicable to all
engines.

Opening/closing the fuel filler flap and refu-
elling (p. 439)

Extreme weather conditions, driving with a
trailer or driving at high altitudes in combina-
tion with fuel grade are factors that could
affect the car's performance.

Related information

•

Petrol (p. 441)

•

•

Economical driving (p. 442)

STARTING AND DRIVING

441

Petrol

Petrol is a type of engine fuel that is intended for
cars with a petrol engine.

Only use petrol from well-known producers.
Never use fuel of dubious quality. The petrol must
fulfil the EN 228 standard.

Identifier for petrol

The identifier in accordance with the CEN stand-
ard EN16942 is located on the inside of the fuel
filler flap, and will be on corresponding fuel
pumps and their nozzles at filling stations
throughout Europe by the end of 2018 at the lat-
est.

These are the identifiers that apply for current
standard fuels in Europe. Petrol with the following
identifiers may be used in cars with petrol engine:

E5 is a petrol with maximum
2.7% oxygen and maximum
5 volume % ethanol.

E10 is a petrol with maximum
3.7% oxygen and maximum
10 volume % ethanol.

•

Fuel that contains up to 10 percent by
volume ethanol is permitted.

•

EN 228 E10 petrol (max
10 percent by volume ethanol) is
approved for use.

•

Ethanol higher than E10 (max.
10 percent by volume ethanol) is not per-
mitted, e.g. E85 is not permitted.

Octane rating

•

95 RON can be used for normal driving.

•

98 RON is recommended for optimum per-
formance and minimum fuel consumption.

When driving in temperatures above +38 °C, fuel
with the highest octane rating is recommended
for optimum performance and fuel economy.

Handling of fuel (p. 440)

•

Use only unleaded petrol to avoid damag-
ing the catalytic converter.

•

Fuel containing metallic additives must
not be used.

•

Do not use any additives which have not
been recommended by Volvo.

Related information

•

•

Opening/closing the fuel filler flap and refu-
elling (p. 439)

STARTING AND DRIVING

442

Economical driving

Drive economically and eco-consciously by driv-
ing smoothly, thinking ahead, and adjusting your
driving style and speed to the prevailing condi-
tions.

Plan for electric operation

It is important to plan carefully when driving in
electric mode in order to achieve the longest
possible driving distance:

Charge

•

Charge the car regularly from the mains
power circuit. Make it a habit to always start
a journey with fully-charged hybrid battery.

•

Find out where the charging stations are
located.

•

If possible, select a parking space with a
charging station.

Electric operation range in urban environ-
ment (p. 444)

Charge the car from the mains power circuit
as often as possible!

Precondition

•

Precondition the car before driving if possible
using the charging cable connected to the
mains power circuit.

•

Avoid parking the car in a way that the inte-
rior cools down or overheats while parking.

Park the car in an acclimated garage, for
example.

•

During a short drive after preconditioning of
the passenger compartment, switch off the
ventilation fan if possible.

•

If preconditioning is not possible when it is
cold outside, use seat heating and steering
wheel heating first of all. Avoid warming up
the whole of the interior which takes energy
from the hybrid battery.

Drive

•

For lowest energy consumption, activate the
Pure drive mode.

•

Drive at a steady speed and keep a good dis-
tance to other vehicles and objects in order
to avoid braking. This driving style results in
the lowest energy consumption.

•

Balance the power requirement using the
accelerator pedal. Use the indicator for avail-
able electric motor power in the driver display
in order to avoid starting the internal com-
bustion engine unnecessarily. The electric
motor is more efficient that the internal com-
bustion engine, in particular at low speed.
See the section "Hybrid related information
in the driver display".

•

In the event of braking being necessary -
brake gently with the brake pedal, this
recharges the hybrid battery. A regenerative
braking function is built into the brake pedal

and can be reinforced with electric motor
braking in gear position B.

•

High speed results in increased energy con-
sumption - the wind resistance increases
with speed.

•

Select

Hold

in the function view at higher

speeds during journeys which are longer
than the range of the electricity.

•

If possible, avoid using the

Charge

function

to charge the hybrid battery. Charging with
the internal combustion engine increases
fuel consumption and involves increased car-
bon dioxide emissions.

•

Drive with the correct air pressure in the
tyres and check this regularly - select ECO
tyre pressure for best results.

•

Choice of tyres can affect fuel consumption -
seek advice on suitable tyres from a dealer.

•

Remove unnecessary items from the car -
the greater the load the higher the consump-
tion.

•

A roof load and ski box increase air resis-
tance, leading to higher consumption -
remove the load carriers when not in use.

•

Avoid driving with open windows.

•

Do not hold the car stationary on a hill with
the accelerator pedal. Use the foot brake
instead.

STARTING AND DRIVING

443

Related information

•

•

Maintain or increase the hybrid battery's
state of charge while driving. (p. 425)

•

Starting and stopping the combustion engine
in Twin Engine (p. 443)

•

Approved tyre pressures (p. 607)

•

Fuel consumption and CO2 emissions
(p. 603)

•

Drive-E - cleaner driving pleasure (p. 25)

•

Gear positions for automatic gearbox
(p. 415)

Starting and stopping the

combustion engine in Twin Engine

An advanced control system determines the
extent to which the car is driven on internal com-
bustion engine, electric motor or both in parallel.
During electric operation, the car may some-
times need to start the internal combustion
engine automatically due to external circumstan-
ces, e.g. in low outside temperatures, which is
completely normal. In addition, the internal com-
bustion engine always starts when the hybrid
battery reaches its lowest state of charge.

Climate settings at low temperatures

In low outside temperatures, the internal combus-
tion engine sometimes starts automatically in
order to achieve the desired passenger compart-
ment temperature and air quality. The amount of
time that the internal combustion engine runs
can be affected by:

•

lowering the temperature

•

reducing the fan strength

•

activating drive mode

Pure

Electric operation in low or high
temperatures

In low or high outside temperatures, the car's
range and output for electric operation may be
reduced and affect how often the internal com-
bustion engine is started automatically.

Emission control

To ensure optimal operation of the emission con-
trol, the internal combustion engine must be run
for several minutes once it has been started. The
duration of the internal combustion engine's run-
ning time varies depending on the temperature of
the catalytic converter.

Related information

•

Economical driving (p. 442)

•

Drive modes (p. 421)

•

Electric operation range in urban environ-
ment (p. 444)

STARTING AND DRIVING

444

Electric operation range in urban

environment

The car's range for electric operation depends
on several factors. The ability to achieve a long
range varies according to the circumstances and
conditions under which the car is being driven.

The certified value for the car's mileage on elec-
tric power should not be interpreted as an expec-
ted range. The certified value is a comparison
value that is obtained during special "EU driving
cycles", see the section "Fuel consumption and
CO2 emissions". The actual range depends on
several factors.

Factors that affect the range

The driver can influence some factors, but has no
influence over others.

The longest range is achieved under extremely
favourable conditions when all factors have a
positive impact.

Factors the driver cannot influence

There are several external factors that affect the
range in varying degrees:

•

traffic situation

•

short driving distances

•

topography

•

outside temperature and headwind

•

road condition and surface.

The table below shows the approximate relation-
ship between outside temperature and range,
both in a car with deactivated passenger com-
partment climate control, as well as in a car with
normal passenger compartment climate control.

A warmer outside temperature has a positive
effect on range to a certain extent.

Outside
tempera-
ture

Deactivated
passenger
compartment
climate control

Normal pas-
senger com-
partment cli-
mate control

°C

95 %

80 %

°C

100 %

90 %

°C

90 %

80 %

°C

80 %

60 %

-10

°C

70 %

40 %

Factors the driver can influence

The driver should be aware that the following fac-
tors affect the range so he/she can operate the
car in an energy-efficient manner:

•

regular charging

•

preconditioning

•

drive mode Pure

•

climate settings

•

speed and acceleration

•

Hold

function

•

tyres and tyre pressure.

The table below shows the approximate relation-
ship between constant speed and range, where a
lower constant speed has a positive effect on
range.

Constant speed

100 km/h (62 mph)

50 %

80 km/h (50 mph)

70 %

60 km/h (37 mph)

90 %

50 km/h (31 mph)

100 %