Isuzu KB P190. Service manual - part 62

 

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Isuzu KB P190. Service manual - part 62

 

 

3A-2 FRONT ALIGNMENT 

 

 

Front End Alignment Inspection and
Adjustment 

General Description 

“Front End Alignment” refers to the angular relationship 
between the front wheels, the front suspension attaching parts 
and the ground. 

Proper front end alignment must be maintained in order to 
insure efficient steering, good directional stability and to 
prevent abnormal tire wear. 

The most important factors of front end alignment are wheel 
toe-in, wheel camber and axle caster. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Camber: 

This illustration shows a view from the front of the vehicle. 

Camber is the vertical tilting inward or outward of the front 

wheels. When the wheels tilt outward at the top, the camber is 
positive (+). When the wheels tilt inward at the top, the camber 
is negative (-). The amount of tilt measured in degrees from 
the vertical is called the camber angle (1). If camber is extreme 
or unequal between the wheels, improper steering and 
excessive tire wear will result. Negative camber causes wear 
on the inside of the tire, while positive camber causes wear to 
the outside. 

 

 

 

 

Caster: 

This illustration shows a view from the side of the vehicle. 

Caster (1) is the vertical tilting of the wheel axis either 

forward or backward (when viewed from the side of the 

vehicle). A backward tilt is positive (+) and a forward tilt is 

negative (-). On the short and long arm type suspension 

you cannot see a caster angle without a special instrument, but 
if you look straight down from the top of the upper control arm 
to the ground, the ball joints do not line up (fore and aft) when 
a caster angle other than 0 degrees is present. With a positive 
angle, the lower ball joint would be slightly ahead (toward the 
front of the vehicle) of the upper ball joint center line. 

 

 

 

 

 

Toe-in: 

This illustration shows a view from the top of the vehicle. 

Toe-in is the measured amount the front wheels are turned in. 
The actual amount of toe-in is normally a fraction of a degree. 
Toe-in is measured from the center of the tire treads or from 
the inside of the tires. The purpose of toe-in is to insure parallel 
rolling of the front wheels and to offset any small deflections of 
the wheel support system which occurs when the vehicle is 
rolling forward. Incorrect toe-in results in excessive toe-in and 
unstable steering. Toe-in is the last alignment to be set in 

the front end alignment procedure. 

FRONT ALIGNMENT  3A-3 

 

 

Inspection 

Before making any adjustments affecting caster, camber or 
toe-in, the following front end inspection should be made. 

1.  Inspect the tires for proper inflation pressure. Refer to 

  Main Data and Specifications in Wheel and Tire System 

section. 

2.  Make sure that the vehicle is in an unladen condition (With

no passengers or loading). 

3. Make sure that the spare tire is installed at the normal

position. 

4. Inspect the front wheel bearings for proper adjustment. 

Refer to Front Hub and Disc Overhaul in Suspension 

section. 

5. Inspect the ball joints and tie rod ends. If excessive

looseness is noted, correct before adjusting. Refer to

Steering Linkage in this section. 

6. Inspect the wheel and tires for run-out. Refer to Wheel 

Replacement in Wheel and Tire System section. 

7. Inspect the trim height. If not within specifications, the

correction must be made before adjusting caster. 

8.  Inspect the steering unit for looseness at the frame. 

9.  Inspect shock absorbers for leaks or any noticeable noise. 

Refer to Shock Absorber in Suspension section. 

10. 

Inspect the control arms or stabilizer bar attachment for 

looseness. Refer to Suspension section. 

11. Inspect the front end alignment using alignment equipment. 

Follow the manufacturer’s instructions. 

12. Park the vehicle on a level surface. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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