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FM 3-5 NBC Decontamination (July 2000) - page 1

 

 

*FM 3-5
*MCWP 3-37.3
Headquarters,
Field Manual
Department of the Army
No. 3-5
Commandant,
Marine Corps Warfighting Publication (MCWP)
US Marine Corps
3-37.3
Washington, DC, 28 July 2000
NBC DECONTAMINATION
Contents
Page
PREFACE
vi
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
1-1
Contamination Forms
1-1
Contamination-Hazards Transmission
1-1
Agent Classification
1-2
Decontaminants
1-2
Decon Concepts
1-2
Decon Decisions
1-2
Decon Principles
1-3
Decon Levels
1-4
Immediate
1-4
Operational
1-4
Thorough
1-4
Chemical-Agent-Resistant Coating (CARC)
1-5
Weather Effects
1-5
Temperature
1-5
Wind
1-5
Humidity and Rain
1-5
Sunlight
1-5
Time
1-5
Decon in Combat
1-5
Chapter 2
IMMEDIATE DECON
2-1
Skin Decon
2-1
Chemical
2-1
DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTIONS: Distribution is authorized to US Government agencies only to
protect technical or operational information from automatic dissemination under the International
Exchange Program or by other means. This determination was made on 31 March 2000. Other
requests for this document will be referred to Commandant, US Army Chemical School, ATTN:
ATSN-CMZ, Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri 65473
DESTRUCTION NOTICE: Destroy by any method that will prevent disclosure of contents or
reconstruction of the document.
* This publication supersedes Field Manual (FM) 305/Fleet Marine Force Manual (FMFM) 11-10, 17
November 1993.
FM 3-5/MCWP
3-37.3
Page
Biological
2-1
Radiological
2-2
Personal Wipe Down
2-2
Chemical
2-2
Biological
2-2
Radiological
2-2
Operator’s Spray Down
2-2
Chemical
2-2
Biological
2-3
Radiological
2-4
Chapter 3
OPERATIONAL DECON
3-1
Techniques
3-1
Phases
3-1
Preparation
3-1
Execution
3-2
Site Clearance
3-2
Vehicle Washdown
3-3
MOPP-Gear Exchange
3-3
Buddy-Team Method
3-6
Triple Buddy-Team Method
3-6
Individual (Emergency) Method
3-6
Chapter 4
THOROUGH DECON
4-1
Planning
4-1
Preparation
4-2
Execution
4-3
Predecon Staging Area
4-4
DED and DTD Areas
4-6
Postdecon AA
4-6
Detailed Troop Decon
4-6
Station 1 - Individual-Gear Decon
4-7
Station 2 - Overboot and Hood Decon
4-10
Station 3 - Overgarment Removal
4-11
Station 4 - Overboot and Glove Removal
4-12
Station 5 - Monitor
4-15
Station 6 - Mask Removal
4-15
Station 7 - Mask Decon Point
4-16
Station 8 - Reissue Point
4-17
Resupply Support Responsibilities
4-17
Detailed Equipment Decon
4-18
Decon Stations
4-18
Recycle Criteria
4-22
Reconstitution Criteria
4-22
DED Layouts
4-22
Alternate-Layout Planning Considerations
4-23
Decon Platoon
4-23
Smoke/Decon Platoon
4-23
Thorough-Decon-Site Closure
4-29
Closing the DED Area
4-30
Closing the DTD Area
4-32
ii
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Page
Thorough Decon Under Unusual Conditions
4-33
Chapter
5
SPECIAL DECON OPERATIONS
5-1
Terrain Decon
5-1
Weathering
5-2
Removing/Covering
5-2
Neutralizing
5-2
Burning
5-3
Exploding
5-3
Flushing
5-4
Clearing
5-5
Fixed-Site Decon
5-5
Airfield
5-6
Helipad
5-6
POMCUS/Motor Park
5-7
Vulnerable Equipment Decon
5-7
Electronics
5-8
Optics
5-8
Ammunition
5-9
Canvas Items
5-9
Food and Water
5-9
Chemical Munitions Disposal and Decon
5-10
Handling
5-10
Contamination Control
5-11
Depleted Uranium (DU) Decon
5-11
Contaminated Remains Decon
5-12
Radiological Decon
5-12
Cesium
5-12
Cobalt
5-13
Plutonium
5-13
Strontium
5-13
Tritium
5-14
Uranium
5-14
Chapter
6
EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
6-1
Cold- and Arctic-Weather Areas
6-1
Decontaminants
6-1
Equipment-Decon Devices
6-3
Detection and Warning Devices
6-3
Equipment-Decon Stations
6-4
Warmed Areas
6-4
Urban Areas
6-5
Streets and Structures
6-5
Civilians
6-5
Supplies and Ammunition
6-5
Sanitation Systems
6-5
Mountains
6-5
Mobility
6-6
Wind
6-6
Temperature
6-6
Sunlight
6-6
iii
FM 3-5/MCWP
3-37.3
Page
Jungle
6-6
Temperature and Humidity
6-7
Time
6-7
Security
6-8
Resupply
6-8
Persistency
6-8
Desert
6-8
Water
6-8
Heat Stress
6-8
Weathering
6-8
Bearings and Other Critical Moving Parts
6-9
Chapter 7
AVIATION
7-1
Contamination Avoidance
7-1
Decontaminants
7-2
Aircraft Decon
7-2
Decon Types
7-3
Decon Stations
7-9
Recycle Criteria
7-14
Aircraft Decon-Site Selection
7-14
Decon-Site Layout
7-15
Chapter 8
PATIENT EVACUATION AND DECON
8-1
Evacuation Considerations
8-1
Patient Decon
8-2
Patient Decon at an MTF
8-2
Battalion Aid Station (BAS)
8-3
Medical Company’s Clearing Station
8-3
Hospital
8-3
Chlorine-Solution Preparation for Patient Decon
8-4
Chemical-Agent Patient Decon Procedures
8-4
Litter Patient
8-4
Ambulatory Patient
8-10
Biological-Agent Patient Decon Procedures
8-15
Litter Patient
8-15
Ambulatory Patient
8-19
Radiological-Agent Patient Decon Procedures
8-22
Litter Patient
8-22
Ambulatory Patient
8-25
Chapter 9
LOGISTICS
9-1
Skin Decon and Personal Wipe Down
9-1
Individual-Gear Decon
9-1
Operator’s Spray Down
9-1
MOPP-Gear Exchange
9-1
Vehicle Washdown
9-2
Detailed Troop Decon
9-2
Detailed Equipment Decon
9-2
iv
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Page
Chapter 10
DECON PROCEDURES FOR INDIVIDUAL
AND CREW-SERVED WEAPONS
10-1
Operational-Decon Procedures Using the IEDK
10-1
M60 Machine Gun
10-1
M249 Squad Automatic Weapon
10-2
M203 Grenade Launcher
10-2
M47 Dragon
10-2
Tow Missile (M220 Series)
10-3
AT4 Light Antitank Weapon
10-4
66-Millimeter Rocket Launcher
10-4
81-Millimeter Mortar
10-4
60-Millimeter Mortar
10-4
Javelin
10-5
Thorough-Decon Procedures Using the HTH Solution
10-5
Materials
10-7
Procedures
10-8
Appendix A
CONVERSIONS AND MEASUREMENTS
A-1
Appendix B
DECONTAMINANTS
B-1
Appendix C
DECON OF SPECIFIC SURFACES AND MATERIALS
C-1
Appendix D
DECON KITS, APPARATUSES, AND EQUIPMENT
D-1
Appendix E
DTD STATION CHARTS FOR CHEMICAL UNIT LEADERS AND NBC NCOS
E-1
GLOSSARY
Glossary-1
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bibliography-1
INDEX
Index-1
v
Preface
FM 3-5 integrates the nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) fundamentals published in FM 3-100
and implements Standardized North Atlantic Treaty Organization Agreement (STANAG) 2426.
The extent and timing of decon depends on the tactical situation, the mission, the area of contamina-
tion, and the decon resources available. Survivability and reducing the effect of any chemical threat
are the ultimate goals of decon. This manual provides detailed guidance on conducting decon opera-
tions performed by chemical and nonchemical personnel. Individual soldiers and leaders must be
familiar with the basic procedures and concepts in this manual.
Appendix A contains an English to metric measurement conversion chart.
The proponent of this publication is Headquarters TRADOC. To submit changes for improving this
publication use Department of the Army (DA) Form 2028 (Recommended Changes to Publications
and Blank Forms) and forward to Commandant, US Army Chemical School, ATTN: ATSN-CMZ, Fort
Leonard Wood, Missouri 65473-8926.
Unless this publication states otherwise, nouns and pronouns do not refer exclusively to men.
vi
Chapter 1
Introduction
The use of NBC weapons creates unique residual hazards that may
require decon. In addition to the deliberate use of these weapons, collateral
damage, natural disasters, and industrial emitters may require decon. The
presence of contamination generally reduces the effectiveness of our
combat power. Contamination forces us into protective equipment that
degrades our ability to perform individual and collective tasks.
CONTAMINATION FORMS
1-1. The following are the different forms of contamination:
Solids - radioactive particles, biological spores, or dusty agents that
could appear as a fine dust.
Liquids - liquid droplets that fall like rain. Droplets can range from
thick and sticky to the consistency of water.
Vapors or gases - created by bursting munitions or generators. These
clouds are affected by the weather and can cover large areas.
Aerosols - fine liquids or solid particles suspended in the air. They
behave much like vapors.
CONTAMINATION-HAZARDS TRANSMISSION
1-2. Contamination hazards can be transmitted in the following manner:
Transfer. Anything that touches a surface covered with liquid or
solid contamination will tend to pick up that contamination and move
it from one surface to another.
Spread. Touching a surface covered with liquid chemical agent can
spread contamination on the same surface, thereby, increasing the
size of the contaminated area.
Vapor. Vapors can be carried through the air in the form of a dust,
atomized liquids (aerosols), or true gases. Vapors in an open/outdoor
area disperse rapidly, so there is no need to decon.
Desorption. Liquid-chemical contamination absorbs into porous
surfaces. Once absorbed, it begins to desorb or give off gas; that is, low
levels of vapor pass out of the contaminated surface into the air and
can be transferred to any surface that contacts it, including bare skin.
Radiation. Radiation is given off by radioactive dust or dirt, most of
which appears as fallout. For decon purposes, radiation can be
thought of as a solid.
Introduction 1-1
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
AGENT CLASSIFICATION
1-3. Depending on the length of time agents will be a hazard, they are
classified as
Nonpersistent - an immediate threat that lasts a few minutes. They
rarely require decon.
Persistent - takes a longer time to act and may last for days. In a
protected environment, these agents can last for long periods of time.
All agents are affected to some extent by the weather. Even
radiological particles can “rain out” of the air and form hot spots on
the ground. Biological organisms are greatly affected by sunlight.
Chemical agents can be decontaminated by the weather. The duration
of a hazard is a complex estimation that is based on numerous factors
which include the—
Type of contamination.
Contamination density and droplet size.
Temperature.
Wind speed.
Sunlight.
Humidity and rain.
Composition of the contaminated surface.
Type of soil and terrain.
DECONTAMINANTS
1-4. Decontaminants are described as follows:
Natural - weather (rain, wind, and humidity).
Standard - supertropical bleach (STB) and decontaminating solution
number 2 (DS2).
Nonstandard - soaps and detergents.
1-5. For more information on the types of decontaminants, see Appendix B.
DECON CONCEPTS
1-6. Whenever soldiers are unable to avoid contamination and have to use
protective measures, decon is necessary to allow them to remove their
protective gear and resume normal operations. Weathering is the most
desirable means of decon; however, time and operational needs may not
permit that option.
1-7. This chapter describes when, where, and how much to decon. Protective
clothing
(mission-oriented protective posture
[MOPP] gear), protective
equipment, and collective protective shelters (CPSs) offer only a temporary
solution. Decon is the removal, destruction, or naturalization of
contamination. If you become contaminated, some decon must occur as soon as
possible.
DECON DECISIONS
1-8. The decision to decon is a risk assessment and is made within the context
of the mission, enemy, terrain, troops, time available, and civilian
1-2 Introduction
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
consideration
(METT-TC) and the resources available. Decon must be
considered if the contamination levels exceed the negligible risk levels as
follows:
Chemical and biological contamination causes mild incapacitation in 5
percent or less of unprotected soldiers operating for 12 continuous
hours within
1
meter of contamination. For the chemical-agent
monitor (CAM), this equates to a one-bar reading at a distance of 1
inch from the surface.
Radiological contamination can cause mild incapacitation in
2.5
percent or less of unprotected, nonpreviously exposed soldiers. This
equates to a reading of no more than 0.33 centigray per hour (cGy/hr).
1-9. MOPP-gear exchange provides excellent protection against field
concentrations of agents; however, wearing the gear causes performance
degradation. Decon is performed to restore the normal operating tempo, but the
logistical support that is required to keep soldiers in MOPP gear impacts
operations. Therefore, decon should be conducted as soon as practical. Table 1-1
provides comparison data for decon levels/techniques.
Table 1-1. Comparison Data for Decon Levels/Techniques
Levels
Techniques1
Best Start Time
Performed by
Advantages
Immediate
Skin decon
Before 1 minute
Individual
Stops agent from
penetrating.
Personal wipe down
Within 15 minutes
Individual or crew
Operator’s spray
down
Operational
MOPP-gear
Within 6 hours
Unit
Provides possible
exchange2
temporary relief from
MOPP4. Limits liquid
agent spread.
Vehicle washdown3
Battalion crew or
decon platoon (-)
Thorough
DED and DAD
When mission
Decon platoon
Provides probable
allows reconstitution
long-term MOPP
DTD
Unit
reduction with mini-
mum risk.
1The techniques become less effective the longer they are delayed.
2Performance degradation and risk assessment must be considered when exceeding 6 hours. See FM 3-4 for
battle-dress overgarment (BDO) risk assessment.
3Vehicle washdown is most effective if started within 1 hour.
DECON PRINCIPLES
1-10. Decon immediately for a chemical agent on the skin. Perform higher
levels of decon as a result of the risk assessment. Personnel should
Introduction 1-3
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Decon as soon as possible. The sooner the contamination is removed,
the sooner MOPP levels can be reduced and combat power can be
restored.
Decon only what is necessary. Weathering is the least costly method of
decon. Expend resources where they count.
Decon as far forward as possible. While METT-TC dependent,
performing decon as close to the point as possible reduces the spread
of contamination and minimizes any transfer hazard.
Decon by priority. The commander identifies which items are most
critical to the mission. Restoring combat power and reestablishing
operating tempo are key.
DECON LEVELS
1-11. The three levels of decon operations are immediate, operational, and
thorough (see Table 1-1, page 1-3).
IMMEDIATE
1-12. Skin decon is a soldier’s basic survival skill and should be performed
within 1 minute of being contaminated using the skin decontaminating kit
(SDK).
1-13. Personal wipe down should be performed within 15 minutes. This is
done to remove contamination from individual equipment by using an
individual equipment decon kit (IEDK). Use detector paper or a CAM to locate
the agent. For radiological contamination, use a radiac set to locate it and
then brush, wipe, or shake it off.
1-14. Operators’ spray down should be done within 15 minutes. Operators use
the on-board decon apparatus to decon surfaces that they must touch or
contact to operate the equipment. Radiological contamination in the form of
dust particles may be wiped, scraped, or brushed off.
OPERATIONAL
1-15. A MOPP-gear exchange should be performed within 6 hours of being
contaminated when thorough decon cannot be done. Soldiers will continue to
wear MOPP gear and the operating tempo will be reduced.
1-16. Vehicle washdown should be performed within
6
hour of being
contaminated when the mission does not permit a thorough decon. This
process removes gross contamination and limits the spread of it.
THOROUGH
1-17. Detailed equipment decon (DED) and detailed aircraft decon (DAD)
restore items so that they can be used without MOPP gear. Normally, the
DED and the DAD are conducted as part of a reconstitution or during breaks
in combat operations. These operations require support from a chemical decon
unit.
1-18. Detailed troop decon (DTD) normally takes place in conjunction with
DED/DAD. The contaminated unit conducts this process and supports the
DED/DAD operations.
1-4 Introduction
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
CHEMICAL-AGENT-RESISTANT COATING (CARC)
1-19. Army equipment is painted with CARC, which precludes the absorption
of chemical agents and, thus, facilitates decon. By preventing penetration of
an agent, contamination is easier to remove. Thickened agents are still a
problem, but detergent and water should remove them.
1-20. The proper CARC paint colors should be used to paint bumper numbers,
spot painting, and so forth. Do not use other paints in lieu of CARC.
WEATHER EFFECTS
1-21. If METT-TC allows, leaving the contamination alone is the easiest
method of decon. However, marking, reporting, and periodically rechecking
the contamination are required.
TEMPERATURE
1-22. The higher the temperature, the faster the rate of evaporation.
Contamination persistency decreases as the temperature rises. It has no effect
on radiological contamination.
WIND
1-23. Aeration aids in decon. Agents are dispersed by the wind, thus reducing
the concentration.
HUMIDITY AND RAIN
1-24. Moisture tends to break down chemical agents but does so slowly. Heavy
rain physically removes contamination; however, contaminated runoff may
build up in drainage areas. Biological agents dehydrate (dry out) in low
humidity, thus reducing their persistency. Rain may prevent the desorption of
aerosols and leach contamination into the soil.
SUNLIGHT
1-25. Sunlight hastens the evaporation and decomposition of agents.
Ultraviolet and infrared radiation in sunlight rapidly kills most biological
agents.
TIME
1-26. Only time will neutralize and destroy radiological contamination. Other
techniques merely shield or remove the problem.
DECON IN COMBAT
1-27. Combat effectiveness is degraded by MOPP. Decon can remove the
contamination and restore combat power. The detection and warning network
is vital to ensure that soldiers and equipment are protected when
contamination is encountered. Considerations of decon in combat are
Immediate decon. It saves lives and permits the use of individual
equipment and key systems.
Operational decon. It reduces the spread and the level of
contamination. In some cases, when combined with weathering,
MOPP levels may be reduced without further decon.
Thorough decon. It removes the unit from the fight but allows it to
return with restored effectiveness.
Introduction 1-5
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
1-28. Figure 1-1 depicts the drop in effectiveness as the affected unit and
soldiers react.
Immediate decon performed
Operational decon performed
Thorough decon performed
Most
Temporary relief from MOPP4
Least
Most
Time
Figure 1-1. How Decon Affects Combat Effectiveness
1-6 Introduction
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Decon-Operation Scenario
You are the commander of the 155-millimeter Self-Propelled Howitzer Battery.
Your unit is hit by a persistent nerve agent. Soldiers react by taking cover and
going to MOPP4. The warning system provided sufficient alert and only a few have
to conduct skin decon; most contamination is on the outside of your howitzers and
vehicles.
The ongoing fire mission continues with minimal disruption, and the enemy is
being detected. Your well-trained soldiers complete a personal wipe down and an
operator’s spray down as soon as possible. During this period, you are capable of
providing fire support and moving, as necessary.
The temperature is 55°F, and humidity is low. While the work rate is strenuous,
your troops drink water and suffer no heat casualties. However, after several
hours, your response times to the fire mission are getting longer and soldiers have
not eaten in more than 12 hours.
Upon making a decision to decon, you request support from your battalion.
Coordination is made for an operational decon en route to an alternate position.
You have 2 ½ hours to complete the movement and be in a firing position. The
alternate position is 20 minutes away, with the decon site about halfway.
You send the advance party to meet the supporting power-driven decon-equipment
(PDDE) crew and organize the site. The crew sets up and runs the vehicle
washdown while the advance party, with battery supply personnel, prepares the
MOPP-gear exchange.
The battalion chemical noncommissioned officer
(NCO) directs the vehicle
washdown as you rotate one platoon at a time through the site. The firing platoons
go quickly as it is critical to have the artillery firing tables available. You complete
the operation and are in position to fire at the prescribed time. Your soldiers are in
MOPP4 because a vapor hazard still exists from the residual contamination. The
advance party found the new area clear of contamination, and ammo resupply
commences.
As sections begin improving their positions, gun crews one and two leave one
soldier on each gun and move the rest of the soldiers 65 feet upwind. After a check
on contamination proves negative, the battery NBC NCO directs unmasking
procedures using two crew members. When no symptoms show up, the crews eat
and get relief from the masks. The wind direction is monitored to ensure that the
soldiers stay upwind of any vapors desorbing from their equipment.
Soldiers on the guns rotate into the clean area for rest and relief. Those returning
to the guns assume MOPP4.
Introduction 1-7
Chapter 2
Immediate Decon
Once a soldier is aware of chemical or biological contamination on his bare
skin, he initiates immediate decon techniques, without command, by using
his personal SDK. He decontaminates his hood, mask, gloves, and weapon
using the IEDK or an additional SDK. To remove radiological
contamination from equipment and personnel, brush it off and/or use soap
and water.
NOTE: Throughout this manual, SDK refers to the M291 kit and
IEDK refers to the M295 kit.
SKIN DECON
2-1. Start the skin-decon techniques within
1
minute of becoming
contaminated. Some toxic chemical agents, especially nerve agents, kill in
minutes.
CHEMICAL
2-2. Use the SDKs within 1 minute of contamination
(see Figure
2-1).
Instructions for use are listed on the outside of the kit itself, on the individual
packet within the kit, and in STP 21-1-SMCT.
M291
Figure 2-1. M291 SDK
2-3. If an SDK is not available, chemical contamination may be pinch-blotted
from the skin with a cloth and flushed with water from a canteen. Soap, if
available, can also be used to wash the agent from the skin. Washing with
soap and water (or hot water) is the next best method for toxic-agent decon if
SDKs are not available, but this method is not as effective as using the decon
kits.
Immediate Decon 2-1
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
BIOLOGICAL
2-4. Washing with soap and water removes nearly all biological agents from
the skin. A 0.5 percent chlorine (calcium hypochlorite [HTH] or household
bleach) solution is an effective biological decontaminant. See Appendix B for
details on how to make this solution.
RADIOLOGICAL
2-5. To remove radiological dust particles, brush, wash, or wipe them off.
PERSONAL WIPE DOWN
2-6. The personal wipe-down techniques are most effective when done within
15 minutes of being contaminated. The CAM and/or M8/M9 detector paper is
used to detect and monitor equipment.
NOTE: Very high concentrations of DS2 can cause a CAM response in
the G mode.
2-7. Wipe down your mask, hood, gloves, and other essential gear. Do not
attempt to remove chemical contamination from your protective overgarment
unless there are obvious clumps of the agent. In this case, scrape off the
material. Brush off radiological or frozen chemical-agent contamination. See
FM 3-4 for detailed information on your overgarment’s protective qualities.
CHEMICAL
2-8. Decon individual equipment using the IEDKs. Wearing your Kevlar®
helmet protective cover will prevent or reduce the adsorption of any liquid
chemical agent. Washing with soap and water and bleach solutions is
partially effective (see Appendix B).
BIOLOGICAL
2-9. Wash with soap and water. If water is not available, use SDKs in the
same manner as described for chemical-agent decon.
RADIOLOGICAL
2-10. Locate radiological contamination with monitoring equipment and
remove by brushing and shaking it off. Wash exposed areas of your skin and
pay particular attention to your hair and fingernails. Avoid breathing the dust
particles you shake off by wearing your protective mask or a piece of cloth over
your nose and mouth. If wet, conduct a MOPP-gear exchange as soon as
possible because brushing or shaking will not remove the contamination.
Wipe off your equipment with warm, soapy water using rags or damp paper
towels.
OPERATOR’S SPRAY DOWN
2-11. Decon other mission-essential portions of your equipment before
continuing your mission. The CAM and/or M8/M9 detector paper is used to
determine what surfaces require decon.
2-12. Operator’s spray down is most effective when done within 15 minutes of
contamination.
Immediate Decon 2-2
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
CHEMICAL
2-13. Decon those surfaces that you must touch on the exterior of the vehicle
or equipment you must use to do your job with the on-board portable decon
apparatus (such as the M11 or M13) (see Figure 2-2). The IEDK may be used
on equipment that DS2 may cause damage to by corrosive action (see Figure
2-3).
M13
M11
Figure 2-2. Portable Decon Apparatuses
Figure 2-3. M295 IEDK
WARNING
Use extreme caution at all times when handling DS2. Do not mix DS2 and STB
because it will cause a fire. Do not allow DS2 to be sprayed on personnel or protec-
tive clothing. DS2 is a combustible solution. Do not spray DS2 on hot engine
blocks. Severe chemical burns can result if personnel fail to observe all safety pre-
cautions. DS2 can severely injure eyes and skin and, if inhaled, can cause illness.
DS2 can damage the NBC protective overgarment. Long-term contact with DS2 can
damage the NBC protective gloves, hood, and overboots.
Immediate Decon 2-3
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
2-14. Scrub the DS2 into the exterior surface with brushes. Wait 30 minutes,
then wash off. If a decon apparatus is not available, use the field-expedient
resources that are available to apply DS2 or STB from bulk containers. If
necessary, use the nonstandard decontaminants that are discussed in
Appendix B.
BIOLOGICAL
2-15. Use a bleach solution for biological contamination; however, if bleach is
not available, use hot, soapy water. Apply with brushes and scrub the surface
well. Rinse the surface after scrubbing (no wait is required). DS2 and STB are
also effective against most known biological contamination, but because of
their caustic nature, they are not preferred. Other nonstandard biological
decontaminants are described in Appendix B.
RADIOLOGICAL
2-16. If you are contaminated by fallout, rain out, neutron-induced
contamination, or any type of radiological agent, use your monitoring
equipment to help locate it and decon as required. If detection equipment is
not available and you suspect that you are contaminated, decon. Radiological
contamination can usually be removed by brushing or scraping. Water is
effective for flushing away radiological contamination; however, the runoff
should be controlled by using drainage ditches that flow into a sump.
Remember, you have not destroyed the contamination, it has just been moved.
The runoff will still be hazardous. If you have time, brush or scoop away the
top inch of soil from your fighting position to lower the amount of radiological
contamination affecting you.
Immediate Decon 2-4
Chapter 3
Operational Decon
An operational decon limits the spread of contamination, allows temporary
relief from MOPP4, and facilitates additional decon requirements. By
speeding up the weathering process, the need for a thorough decon may be
eliminated. This process requires about a
120-square-yard area and,
depending on the number of contaminated vehicles, may not require a
nearby water source. An operational decon consists of a vehicle washdown
and a MOPP-gear exchange. The techniques that may be used to conduct
an operational decon are decentralized company control, centralized
battalion control, or centralized brigade control.
TECHNIQUES
3-1. Decentralized company control is provided by the unit commander. The
commander requests PDDE support, selects the decon site, links up with the
PDDE crew, and executes the operational decon.
3-2. Centralized battalion control is similar to the above except that the
battalion chemical NCO controls the decon. The site is selected by the
battalion commander, and the battalion chemical NCO directs site setup and
security and provides command and control (C2). The battalion chemical NCO
travels with the PDDE and communicates via the radio.
3-3. Centralized brigade control is done when decon assets within the brigade
have been consolidated. In this technique, the brigade chemical NCO performs
those functions described for the battalion chemical NCO. The advantages and
disadvantages of operational-decon techniques are listed in Table 3-1, page 3-2.
PHASES
3-4. The three phases for an operational decon are preparation, execution, and
site clearance.
PREPARATION
3-5. The preparation phase starts with the decision to conduct an operational
decon and ends with a site that is set up and ready for operation.
(The
decision to decon was described in Chapter 1.) The CAM is used to identify
which vehicles need decontaminating, and PDDE support is requested.
Coordination with higher headquarters (HQ) includes identifying the linkup
point and the unit that will provide the PDDE support. Signal operating
instructions (SOI) information is exchanged and the technique (decentralized
company control, centralized battalion control, or centralized brigade control)
is selected. The number and type of vehicles and the number of personnel for a
MOPP-gear exchange are provided.
Operational Decon 3-1
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Table
3-1. Advantages and Disadvantages of Operational-Decon Techniques
Decentralized Company
Centralized Battalion
Centralized Brigade
Control
Control
Control
Advantages
Flexibility
C2
C2
Dispersion
Flexibility
Synchronized support
Dispersion
assets
Planning
Rehearsal
Sustained operations
Time
Planning
Sustained operations
Disadvantages
C2
Synchronized support
Flexibility
Synchronized support
assets
Dispersion
assets
Rehearsal
Rehearsal
Time
Time
Planning
Sustained operations
3-6. Site selection is done by the controlling HQ. The site may have been
designated in the operation order (OPORD) or selected based on the current
METT-TC. For site characteristics, see Table 3-2.
3-7. Linkup at the designated point includes establishing security, positioning
any necessary marshalling areas, camouflaging removal points, designating
the direction of flow into and out of the site, and ensuring that unit supply has
sufficient replacement MOPP gear.
3-8. Site setup requires the PDDE crew to position itself upwind from the
entrance. Set up the MOPP-gear exchange about 164 feet upwind from the
vehicle washdown at a 45° angle. Notify the contaminated unit when the site
is ready.
EXECUTION
3-9. The execution phase starts with establishing positive control over the site
and ends with processing the last contaminated vehicle and soldier through
the site. Vehicles move from the predecon area to the site either on order or by
watching the vehicle ahead. Contaminated soldiers leave the vehicle and
proceed to the MOPP-gear-exchange point. The contaminated unit provides
security.
3-10. Each vehicle receives a 2- to 3-minute washdown with hot, soapy water
and moves to a point near the MOPP-gear exchange. Any remaining soldiers
requiring MOPP-gear exchange will do so then. When the squad or crew has
finished, it remounts its vehicles and moves into an after-decon assembly area
(AA) to await further instructions or moves to its next battle position.
SITE CLEARANCE
3-11. The site-clearance phase includes cleanup, marking, and reporting.
METT-TC will dictate the cleanup requirements. The PDDE crew buries or
double bags and removes contaminated MOPP gear and other expendables.
Standard NBC contamination markers are posted, and the PDDE crew
submits an NBC 5 report.
3-2 Operational Decon
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Table 3-2. Operational-Decon Phases
Preparation
Decon
Identify soldiers and equipment to be decontaminated.
assessment
Coordination
Request PDDE support. The chemical section conducts coordination with the
contaminated unit on the linkup point. Decon operations should be done between 1 and 6
hours after becoming contaminated.
Site selection
Is selected by the controlling HQ.
Is off the main route but has easy access.
Is a large enough area (120 square yards per site for a squad-size element).
Has good overhead concealment.
Has a good water source (plan for 100 gallons per vehicle).
Has good drainage.
Linkup
Ensure that the noncommissioned officer in charge (NCOIC) knows where to link up with
the contaminated unit and the location for site setup. Radio communication is essential
for operations.
Site setup
Ensure that the PDDE is positioned properly and ready to dispense hot, soapy water.
Ensure that the contaminated unit sets up and operates the MOPP-gear exchange at the
same time as the vehicle washdown. Consider contamination runoff when positioning the
PDDE.
Execution
Site control
Ensure that the drivers of the contaminated vehicles know when to move into position at
and security
the washdown location.
Ensure that the contaminated unit has provided site security.
Processing
Ensure that the decon site NCOIC is processing vehicles at a rate of 2 to 3 minutes per
vehicle. Also, ensure that soldiers are going through the MOPP-gear exchange at the
rate of 30 minutes per squad/crew.
Site Clearance
Cleanup
Decon site NCOIC ensures that the MOPP-gear-exchange area is cleaned up.
Marking and
Decon site NCOIC ensures that his team properly marks the decon site and sends the
reporting
NBC 5 report forward.
VEHICLE WASHDOWN
3-12. A vehicle washdown may be conducted with or without PDDE and in
either a one- or two-lane configuration. An unsupported washdown requires
the contaminated unit to have washing equipment that can produce 60 to 120
pounds per square inch (psi) of water pressure. The capacity to heat water and
inject soap increases effectiveness. A supported washdown requires PDDE
organic to the unit or from a supporting chemical decon or dual-purpose
company. A two-lane washdown is simply a one-lane washdown parallel with
another (see Figure 3-1, page 3-4).
3-13. Other configurations are limited only by the constraints of the METT-
TC. Figure 3-2, page 3-5, illustrates a dispersed operational-decon setup.
Table 3-3, page 3-5, describes the vehicle-washdown process.
MOPP-GEAR EXCHANGE
3-14. A MOPP-gear exchange can be done with a buddy team, a triple buddy
team, or an individual (emergency). For planning purposes, estimate about 60
Operational Decon 3-3
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
minutes for a squad or a platoon to complete the exchange. Since individual
performance is severely degraded after 6 hours at MOPP4, the MOPP-gear
exchange should be scheduled before that time.
Marshalling area
Control point
Step 1 - button
Step 1 - button
up vehicle &
up vehicle &
equipment
equipment
164 feet
Minimum of
164 feet
Step 2 - wash
Step 2 - wash
down vehicle
down vehicle
and equipment
and equipment
164 to 230 feet
Step 3 - move
to the AA
Move to the
tactical AA
MOPP-gear exchange
Figure 3-1. Two-Lane Washdown
3-4 Operational Decon
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Lake
219 to 547 yards to marshalling-
area control point
Decon point 1
Decon point 2
Decon point 3
MOPP-gear
Move to the tactical AA
exchange
Figure 3-2. Dispersed Operational-Decon Setup
Table 3-3. Vehicle-Washdown Process
Steps
Equipment
Procedures
1. Assemble vehicles. Unit
Watch
Personnel at the control point
is tactically dispersed.
supervise preparing vehicles
Personnel at the control
and directing movement out of
point direct movement.
the AA.
2. Prepare vehicles.
None
Individual/crew closes all
access doors, hatches,
windows, and other openings.
Remove camouflage and
cover muzzles. If required,
crews (less drivers) move to
the MOPP-gear-exchange
area. Move to the wash area
on order.
3. Perform washdown.
Delivery system (such as the M12 and M17,
Soldiers/personnel wash
65-gallon-per-minute [GPM] pump, fire-
equipment from top to bottom.
fighting equipment, and so forth) that delivers
Decon crew wears a
hot, soapy water at 60 to 120 psi. Also
toxicological apron, protective
sufficient water, fuel, and detergent for
(TAP) or wet-weather gear
vehicles.
over MOPP gear.
4. Move out to the next
None
Vehicles move to the MOPP-
position.
gear-exchange area (if
required) or the next battle
position.
Operational Decon 3-5
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
BUDDY-TEAM METHOD
3-15. This method uses pairs of soldiers under the supervision of their squad/
team leader to conduct the buddy-team MOPP-gear exchange. See Table 3-4,
pages 3-7 through 3-17, for detailed step-by-step procedures for this method.
For units equipped with the combat vehicle crewman uniform system
(CVCUS)/chemical protective undergarment (CPU), see Table 3-5, pages 3-18
through 3-21.
TRIPLE BUDDY-TEAM METHOD
3-16. This method is used by soldiers equipped with the M40A1, M42, or M43
mask with the quick-doff hood. A third soldier is needed to hold the filter
canister and hose to prevent the transfer of contamination. See Table 3-6,
pages 3-22 through 3-27, for detailed step-by-step procedures for this method.
For units equipped with the CVCUS/CPU, see Table 3-7, pages 3-28 through
3-30.
INDIVIDUAL (EMERGENCY) METHOD
3-17. This method is used only when a soldier does not have buddy to help him
and the risk of MOPP-gear failure demands that an exchange occur. See
Table 3-8, pages 3-31 through 3-33, for detailed step-by-step procedures for
this method. For units equipped with the CVCUS/CPU, see Table 3-9, pages
3-34 through 3-37.
3-6 Operational Decon
Table 3-4. Steps for the Buddy-Team Method MOPP-Gear Exchange
Steps
Contamination
Required Equipment
Procedures
Type
1. Decon gear—
All
Four long-handled
The soldier mixes three parts earth to two parts STB.
removes gross
contamination
brushes
contamination from
A large piece of plastic
individual gear
(poncho or
(weapons, helmet, load-
similar material)
bearing equipment, and
mask carrier).
Chemical/
One 30-gallon
The soldier removes and discards the chemical protective helmet cover if worn. He
biological
container, STB dry
brushes or rubs STB onto his individual gear (helmet and mask carrier) and the hose
mix, and one IEDK
of the M42 or M43 mask if worn. He gently shakes off any excess STB and sets
aside his gear on an uncontaminated surface.
Radiological
Hot, soapy water
The soldier brushes or wipes radiological contamination from his individual gear. He
washes it with hot, soapy water (if available) then sets it aside to dry on an
uncontaminated surface (plastic, poncho, or similar material).
2. Prepare to decon—
All
Cutting tool
Buddy #1 unfastens the shoulder straps on Buddy #2’s hood and pulls them over his
facilitates later removal
contamination
shoulder and reattaches them to the Velcro® fasteners. He loosens the drawcord on
of overgarment trousers
Buddy #2’s hood (see Figure 3-3, page 3-8). He removes the M9 detector paper
and overboots.
from Buddy #2's overgarment. He unties the drawcords on the trouser legs of Buddy
#2’s overgarment. He unzips Buddy #2's trouser legs and rolls a cuff in each trouser
leg, ensuring that the cuffs do not come above the tops of his overboots (see Figure
3-4, page 3-8). He unfastens or cuts the fasteners on Buddy #2’s overboots. NOTE:
A soldier can do this step by himself or with the help of his buddy. When
wearing overboots, unsnap both quick releases on the overboots. The M40
voice amplifier
(M7) and the M42A2
detachable microphone cannot be
decontaminated and will be disposed of as contaminated waste; however,
ensure that these items are contaminated before disposing of them.
3. Decon mask and
Chemical/
Two IEDKs per
Buddy #1 uses an IEDK to wipe Buddy #2’s eye-lens outserts from the top down.
hood—removes gross
biological
person
(NOTE: Do not press so hard that you break Buddy #2's face-mask seal.) He
contamination.
then wipes the rest of Buddy #2’s hood from the top of the head to the bottom of the
hood (see Figure 3-5, page 3-9). After he has finished wiping Buddy #2’s mask, he
must wipe his own gloves in preparation for rolling Buddy #2’s hood. He starts from
the rear and rolls Buddy #2’s hood, using 2-inch tucks, until it reaches the center of
his head (see Figure 3-6, page 3-9). He rolls the front of Buddy #2’s hood tightly
under the outlet valve and filter. He ensures that the hood is off of Buddy #2's
garment (see Figure 3-7, page 3-10).
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Figure 3-3. Loosening the Drawcord on the Hood
Figure 3-4. Rolling the Cuff in the Trouser
3-8 Operational Decon
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Figure 3-5. Wiping From the Head to the Bottom of the Hood
Operational Decon 3-9
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Figure 3-6. Rolling the Hood to the Center of the Head
Figure 3-7. Ensuring That the Hood is off the Garment
3-10 Operational Decon
Table 3-4. Steps for the Buddy-Team Method MOPP-Gear Exchange (Continued)
Steps
Contamination
Required Equipment
Procedures
Type
3. Decon mask and
Radiological
Three containers
Buddy #1 wipes Buddy #2’s mask and hood with a sponge dipped in hot, soapy water
hood (continued).
(about 3-gallon
and rinses them with a sponge dipped in clean water. He dries Buddy #2’s mask and
capacity)
hood with paper towels or rags. Buddy #2 wipes his own gloves. NOTE: Cool, soapy
Two sponges
water is not as effective for removing contamination, but it can be used if you
Soapy water
scrub longer. If the water supply is limited, use drinking water from your canteen with a
Rinse water
wet sponge or cloth. If water is not available, brush and dust off the radioactive dust
Paper towels or similar
particles. Do not reverse roles. Only Buddy #2’s hood will be decontaminated and
drying material
rolled at this time.
4. Remove
All
Two discard
Buddy #1 grasps Buddy #2’s overgarment jacket, unsnaps the snaps individually, and
overgarments and
contamination
containers (for
unties the drawcord at the bottom of the jacket (see Figure 3-8, page 3-12). He
overboots—limits
example, plastic
unfastens the Velcro at the wrist of Buddy #2’s jacket and then refastens it. He
the spread of
bags)
unfastens the Velcro closure over the zippered front of Buddy #2’s jacket and unzips the
agents and helps
jacket. He grasps Buddy #2’s jacket at the shoulders and instructs him to make a fist.
prevent agents
He then pulls Buddy #2’s jacket down and away from him, ensuring that the black part of
from penetrating
the jacket is not touched (see Figure 3-9, page 3-12). He lays Buddy #2’s overgarment
through to the
jacket on the ground, black side up.
(It will be used to stand on later.) He carefully
undergarments or
unfastens and unzips Buddy #2’s trousers. NOTE: Do not loosen Buddy #2’s waist
the skin.
tabs. He instructs Buddy #2 to loosen his overboots by alternately stepping on each
heel and pulling up on his foot (see Figure 3-10, page 3-13). He grasps Buddy #2’s
trousers and pulls them down to his knees. He instructs Buddy #2 to walk out of his
trousers/overboots simultaneously and step onto the black side of the jacket (see Figure
3-11, page 3-13). Buddy #2 should step onto the jacket wearing his mask, battle-dress
uniform (BDU), combat boots, and gloves.
5. Remove gloves.
All
Two discard
The soldier holds the fingertips of his gloves and partially slides his hand out. When the
contamination
containers (from step
fingers of both hands are free, he holds his arms away from his body and lets the gloves
4)
drop (see Figure 3-12, page 3-14).
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Figure 3-8. Unsnapping the Trousers From the Jacket
Figure 3-9. Pulling the Jacket Down and Away
3-12 Operational Decon
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Figure 3-10. Loosening the Overboots
Figure 3-11. Stepping on the Black Lining of the Jacket
Operational Decon 3-13
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Figure 3-12. Removing the Gloves
3-14 Operational Decon
Table 3-4. Steps for the Buddy-Team Method MOPP-Gear Exchange (Continued)
Contamination
Steps
Required Equipment
Procedures
Type
6. Put on
All
One set of chemical
Buddy #1 opens the package containing the new overgarment without touching the
overgarment.
contamination
protective
inside of the package. Buddy #2 pulls out the overgarment without touching the outside
overgarments per
of the package. He puts on the overgarment and fastens it, leaving the trouser legs
person
open (see Figure 3-13, page 3-16). Do not reverse roles. Only Buddy #2 will put on
the clean overgarment at this time.
7. Put on overboots
All
One set of chemical
Buddy #1 opens the package of clean overboots without touching the inside of the
and gloves.
contamination
protective overboots
package. Buddy #2 removes the overboots from the package without touching the
per person
outside of the package, puts them on, and fastens his trouser legs. Buddy #1 opens the
One set of chemical
package of clean gloves without touching the inside of the package. Buddy #2 removes
protective gloves per
the gloves from the package without touching the outside of the package and puts them
person (correct size)
on. Buddy #2 puts on the M9 detector paper (see Figure 3-14, page 3-16). Do not
M9 detector paper
reverse roles. Only Buddy #2 will put on the clean overboots and gloves at this time.
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Figure 3-13. Putting on the New Overgarment
Figure 3-14. Putting on the M9 Detector Paper
3-16 Operational Decon
Table 3-4. Steps for the Buddy-Team Method MOPP-Gear Exchange (Continued)
Steps
Contamination
Required Equipment
Procedures
Type
8. Secure hood.
All contamination
One IEDK
Buddy #1 uses an IEDK to wipe Buddy #2's gloves. He unrolls Buddy #2's hood and
attaches the straps and tightens the neck cord. Buddy #1 and Buddy #2 reverse
roles and repeat steps 2 through 8.
9. Secure gear.
All contamination
One chemical protective
The soldier secures his individual gear and puts it back on (see Figure 3-15). He
helmet cover per
puts on a new chemical protective helmet cover and moves to the AA. He uses the
person
buddy system to check the fit of all secured gear.
Figure 3-15. Securing the Hood
Table 3-5. Steps for the CVCUS/CPU (Buddy-Team Method) MOPP-Gear Exchange
Steps
Contamination
Required Equipment
Procedures
Type
1. Decon gear—
All
Four long-handled
The soldier mixes three parts earth to two parts STB.
removes gross
contamination
brushes
contamination from
A large piece of plastic
individual gear
(poncho or similar
(weapons, helmet,
material)
load-bearing
equipment, and
mask carrier).
Chemical/
One 30-gallon
The soldier removes and discards the chemical protective helmet cover if worn. He
biological
container, STB dry
brushes or rubs the STB onto his individual gear and the hose of the M42 mask if
mix, and one IEDK
worn. He gently shakes off any excess STB and sets aside his gear on an
uncontaminated surface.
Radiological
Hot, soapy water
The soldier brushes or wipes radiological contamination from his individual gear. He
washes it with hot, soapy water (if available) then sets it aside to dry on an
uncontaminated surface (plastic, poncho, or similar material).
2. Prepare for
All
Cutting tool
Buddy #1 unfastens the shoulder straps on Buddy #2’s hood and pulls them over his
decon—
contamination
shoulder and reattaches them to the Velcro fastener. He loosens the drawcord on
facilitates MOPP-
Buddy #2’s hood. He removes the M9 detector paper from Buddy #2's CVCUS. He
gear removal.
unzips the ankles on both legs of Buddy #2’s CVCUS. He unfastens or cuts the
fasteners on Buddy #2’s overboots. NOTE: A soldier can do this step by himself
or with the help of his buddy.
3. Decon mask and
Chemical/
Two IEDKs per person
Buddy #1 uses an IEDK to wipe Buddy #2’s eye-lens outserts from the top down.
hood—removes
biological
(NOTE: Do not press so hard that you break Buddy #2's face-mask seal.) He
gross contamination.
then wipes the rest of Buddy #2’s hood from the top of the head to the bottom of the
hood (see Figure 3-5, page 3-9). After he has finished wiping Buddy #2’s mask, he
must wipe his own gloves in preparation for rolling Buddy #2’s hood. He starts from
the rear and rolls Buddy #2’s hood, using 2-inch tucks, until it reaches the center of
his head (see Figure 3-6, page 3-9). He rolls the front of Buddy #2’s hood tightly
under the outlet valve and filter. He ensures that the hood is off of Buddy #2's gar-
ment (see Figure 3-7, page 3-10).
Table 3-5. Steps for the CVCUS/CPU (Buddy-Team Method) MOPP-Gear Exchange (Continued)
Contamination
Steps
Required Equipment
Procedures
Type
3. Decon mask and
Radiological
Three containers (about
Buddy #1 wipes Buddy #2’s mask and hood with a sponge dipped in hot, soapy water
hood (continued).
3-gallon capacity)
and rinses them with a sponge dipped in clean water. He dries Buddy #2’s mask and
Two sponges
hood with paper towels or rags. Buddy #2 wipes down his own gloves. NOTE: Cool,
Soapy water
soapy water is not as effective for removing contamination, but it can be used if
Rinse water
you scrub longer. If the water supply is limited, use drinking water from your
Paper towels or similar
canteen with a wet sponge or cloth. Only Buddy #2’s mask and hood will be
drying material
decontaminated and rolled at this time.
4. Remove CVCUS/
All
Two discard containers
Buddy #1 opens all the zippers on Buddy #2’s CVCUS in the following order: wrist,
overboots—limits
contamination
(for example, plastic
ankles, and front. While standing behind Buddy #2 and adjacent to the clean area,
the spread of
bags)
Buddy #1 grasps the shoulders of Buddy #2’s CVCUS and instructs him to make a fist
contamination.
to ensure that his gloves do not come off. He then pulls Buddy #2's CVCUS down
below his knees, turning it inside out. He has Buddy #2 to partially remove his
overboots by alternately stepping on each heel and pulling up on his foot. While
kneeling, Buddy #1 grasps one leg of Buddy #2’s CVCUS and his overboot and
instructs him to remove his leg and foot simultaneously (see Figure 3-16, page 3-20).
As Buddy #2 removes each leg and foot, he steps directly onto the clean area.
5. Remove CPU
All
Two discard containers
Buddy #2 holds the fingertips of his gloves and partially slides his hand out. When
jacket/gloves.
contamination
the fingers of both hands are free, he holds his arms away from his body and lets the
gloves drop. Buddy #1 unzips and removes Buddy #2’s CPU jacket by grasping it at
the shoulders and pulling down, turning it inside out (see Figure 3-17, page 3-20). He
places it on the clean area with the clean side up. He removes Buddy #2’s protective
glove inserts.
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Figure 3-16. Removing Leg and Foot From the Garment
Figure 3-17. Removing the Garment and Turning it Inside Out
3-20 Operational Decon
Table 3-5. Steps for the CVCUS/CPU (Buddy-Team Method) MOPP-Gear Exchange (Continued)
Steps
Contamination
Required Equipment
Procedures
Type
6. Remove
All
Two discard containers
Buddy #1 instructs Buddy #2 to stand on the clean area (but not on the CPU jacket) and
combat boots/
contamination
unlace his combat boots. Buddy #2 partially removes his boots by alternately stepping
CPU pants.
on each heel and pulling up on his foot. Buddy #1 grasps one of Buddy #2's boots and
instructs him to remove his foot. As Buddy #2 removes his foot, he will step directly onto
the clean side of the CPU jacket. Repeat the procedure for the other foot. Next, Buddy
#1 removes Buddy #2’s CPU drawers by pulling down on the sides and turning them
inside out. Buddy #2 is now stripped to his underwear and mask and is ready to put on
new clothing. NOTE: If Buddy #2’s feet come in contact with the contaminated
pants of the CPU, decon them.
7. Put on CPU/
All
One CPU/CVCUS per
Buddy #1 opens the package containing the new undergarment without touching the
CVCUS.
contamination
soldier
inside of the package. Buddy #2 pulls out the undergarment without touching the
outside of the package. He puts on the new clothing in the following order: CPU
drawers, CPU jacket, combat boots, and CVCUS (over the CPU drawers).
8. Put on
All
One set of chemical
Buddy #1 opens the package of clean overboots without touching the inside of the
overboots and
contamination
protective overboots
package. Buddy #2 removes the overboots without touching the outside of the package
gloves.
per soldier
and puts them on. Buddy #1 opens the package of clean gloves without touching the
One set of chemical
inside. Buddy #2 removes the gloves without touching the outside of the package and
protective gloves per
puts them on. Buddy #2 puts on the M9 detector paper (see Figure 3-18, page 3-23).
soldier
M9 detector paper
9. Secure hood.
Chemical/
One IEDK
Buddy #1 wipes his rubber gloves with an IEDK. He unrolls Buddy #2’s hood and
biological
attaches the straps and tightens the neck cord. Buddy #1 and Buddy #2 reverse rolls
and repeat steps 2 through 9.
10. Secure gear.
All
One chemical
The soldier secures his individual gear and puts it back on. He puts on a new chemical
contamination
protective helmet
protective helmet cover and moves to the AA. He uses the buddy system to check the fit
cover per person
of all secured gear.
Table 3-6. Steps for the Triple-Buddy Method MOPP-Gear Exchange With the M40A1 and M42
Steps
Contamination
Required Equipment
Procedures
Type
1. Decon gear—
All
Four long-handled
The soldier mixes three parts earth to two parts STB.
removes gross
contamination
brushes
contamination from
A large piece of plastic
individual gear
(poncho or similar
(weapons, helmet,
material)
load-bearing equip-
ment, and mask car-
rier).
Chemical/
One 30-gallon
The soldier removes and discards the chemical protective helmet cover if worn. He
biological
container, STB dry
brushes or rubs STB onto his individual gear
(helmet and mask carrier) and the
mix, and one IEDK
hose of the M42 or M43 mask if worn. He gently shakes off any excess STB and
sets aside his gear on an uncontaminated surface.
Radiological
Hot, soapy water
The soldier brushes or wipes radiological contamination from his individual gear.
He washes it with hot, soapy water (if available) then sets it aside to dry on an
uncontaminated surface (plastic, poncho, or similar material).
2. Prepare to
All
Cutting tool
Buddy #1 unfastens the shoulder straps on Buddy #2’s hood and pulls them over
decon—
contamination
his shoulder and reattaches them to the Velcro fastener. He loosens the drawcord
facilitates later
on Buddy #2’s hood and ties off the microphone cord to the hose of his mask (see
removal of
Figure 3-19). He removes the M9 detector paper from Buddy #2's overgarment.
overgarment
He unzips Buddy #2's trouser legs and rolls a cuff in each trouser leg, ensuring that
trousers and
the cuffs do not come above the tops of his overboots. He unfastens or cuts the
overboots.
fasteners on Buddy #2’s overboots. NOTE: A soldier can do this step by himself
or with the help of his buddy.
FM 3-5/MCWP 3-37.3
Figure 3-18. Reapplying the M9 Detector Paper
Figure 3-19. Tying the Microphone Cord to the Hose of the Mask
Operational Decon 3-23

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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