The BEAR Handbook (scouts of america) - part 8

 

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The BEAR Handbook (scouts of america) - part 8

 

 

2. Cut one piece of wood 16 inches long for the bottom.
3. Cut two pieces of wood 10 inches long for the ends.
4. Cut off the corners of the end pieces at an angle, then drill a hole
in each large enough for the handle. The center of each hole
should be 1¾ inch from the top and centered between the edges
of the piece.
5. Insert the handle. Then, put your toolbox together with wood
screws. If you wish, you may put wood glue on the joints and
let it dry before using the wood screws.
6. Finish your toolbox using one of the methods described in
requirement 4.
Bookends
Cut these easy bookends from one piece of wood.
Materials and Tools
½-by-8-by-18-inch board
Nails
Coping saw
Hammer
Clamps
Sandpaper
M easuring tape
Instructions
1. Cut a 1-inch wide piece from the end of the board and set aside.
You will use this piece later as a support for the middle.
2. At each end of the board, measure and draw the pieces to be cut
out for the ends. M easure approximately one-third the distance
from each end toward the center of the board. This will be the
line to cut across the board. M easure 1½ inch from the long
edge of the board toward the center on each side. These will be
your long cuts on the board.
3. Carefully cut out each of the pieces.
4. Nail the cutout pieces in an upright position at the ends of the
remaining piece of board according to the illustration so that the
board is 1 inch off the table.
5. Nail the 1-inch piece that you cut off at the beginning under the
middle of the board to provide support. Use a short nail for
this step.
6. Sand and finish as desired.
Sailing Ship
Materials and Tools
Two pieces of 1-by-4-inch board
Heavy cardstock
Three 10-inch-long pieces of ⅛-inch dowel
Wood glue
Saw
Small hole punch
Scissors
Sandpaper
Brace and bit
Instructions
1. Cut each piece of board as shown in the illustration.
2. Sand all edges smooth.
3. Drill three holes into the pieces of the ship about halfway
through the wood as shown: one into the center of the base,
one into the prow block, and one into the stern block to
accommodate dowels for the masts. (The holes should be large
enough so the one-eighth inch dowels fit into them.)
4. Stack the pieces as shown and glue.
5. Dip one end of each dowel in glue, and insert into the drilled
holes for masts.
6. Cut three sails from heavy cardstock, and color as desired.
Punch holes where indicated, and slide onto each mast.
REQUIREMENT 4 | Apply a finish to one of your
projects.
Once you have completed your project, you may want to put a
finish on it. There are many ways to finish the wood. How you are
going to use your project will help guide you in selecting the
correct method of finishing it. Ask a parent or guardian to help
with handling the finishes and cleaning fluids.
Always sand projects before you finish them. Sand the wood
with the grain, never against it or in circles. To get the best results
from sanding, use a wood filler for scratches and holes. When the
filler dries, sand the project lightly again.
You can use several finishes on wood projects: acrylics, varnish,
enamel, and wood stains. Apply a clear wax polish to raw wood to
emphasize the beauty of the natural wood grain.
Here are some things you should know about different
finishes.
Acrylics: Acrylic paint is nontoxic and good for painting
almost anything, including wood projects. It can be thinned
with water and doesn’t need a finishing coat. Clean your
brushes with water.
Varnish: Prepare wood with one or two coats of thin
shellac or wood sealer first, sanding between coats. This
will fill the pores of the wood and prepare it for varnishing.
Use shellac thinner or alcohol to clean the shellac brush,
turpentine to clean the varnish brush.
Enamel paint: Prepare wood in the same manner as for
varnishing. Two thin coats of enamel produce a colorful
finish. If it is too thick, it will leave brush strokes. Clean the
brush with turpentine.
Wood stain: To prepare the wood, moisten it with
turpentine before applying the stain. Experiment on a scrap
of wood to make sure the results please you. If it is too
thick, it will leave brush strokes. Clean the brush with
turpentine.
Remember to get help from your parent or den leader before
you begin this part of your project. Always use finishes in a well-
ventilated area. It is a good idea to wear a simple paint mask and
eye protection as well.
Snapshot of Adventure
Grizzly bears in the wild use their fishing skills to catch
good, nutritious food. After you complete this adventure,
you’ll be able to do the same thing. You won’t have to use
your paws, however! Instead, you’ll use a cane pole or a rod
and reel. You’ll also learn about the fish that live nearby and
the rules that good fishermen follow. And who knows? You
may discover a hobby that you can enjoy for years to come. S o
grab your tackle, and let’s go fishing!
REQUIREMENT 1 | Discover and learn about three
types of fishes in your area. Draw a color picture of
each fish, record what each one likes to eat, and
describe what sort of habitat each likes.
Do you know someone who is a picky eater? (M aybe it’s you!)
Do you have friends who really hate cold weather or who love
being out in the sun?
Fish can be the same way. Some species of fish will eat just
about anything; others are pickier. Some like cold water; others like
warm water. Some live in fresh water (inland lakes and rivers);
others live in salt water (oceans and shoreline areas). Some like to
hide in underwater brush piles; others like to swim in open water.
Before you go fishing, it is important to know about the fish
that live in your area. Learn about three fish species that live in
your local waters. Record what you discovered on these pages.
You can find links to state fish and wildlife agencies on
the Internet (with permission) at www.fws.gov/offices/.
You can learn about fish species at your school or local library
or on the Internet with the help of your parent or guardian. Your
state has a government agency that takes care of the fish
population. It can be a good source for information about fish
species. Some communities have fish hatcheries (places that grow
fish eggs) that you can tour and where you can learn about fish.
Other good sources of information are local fishing clubs and stores
that sell fishing equipment and bait.
Fish in My Area
Fish S pecies 1: __________________________________
Looks Like:
Likes to Eat: _____________________________________
Habitat: _________________________________________
Fish S pecies 2: __________________________________
Looks Like: ______________________________________
Likes to Eat: _____________________________________
Habitat: _________________________________________
Fish S pecies 3: __________________________________
Looks Like: ______________________________________
Likes to Eat: _____________________________________
Habitat: _________________________________________
REQUIREMENT 2 | Learn about your local fishing
regulations with your leader or a parent or guardian.
List three of the regulations you learn about and one
reason each regulation exists.
There are rules to follow when fishing. These rules (which are
sometimes called regulations) are important because they help
protect the fish and the environment they live in. It is important
that you learn these rules, understand what they mean, and
promise to obey them. A Scout is obedient!
Your local area may have rules about where and when you can
fish, how big a fish must be to keep, and how many fish you are
allowed to catch and keep. In some places you must put the fish
you catch back in the water. This practice is called catch and
release. It is a good way to make sure fish can continue to live in
the place you are fishing.
FIS HING REGULATIONS
Fishing Regulation 1:
__________________________________
This regulation is important because
_____________________
__________________________________________________
Fishing Regulation 2:
__________________________________
This regulation is important because
_____________________
__________________________________________________
Fishing Regulation 3:
__________________________________
This regulation is important because
_____________________
__________________________________________________
Your state probably has a license requirement, meaning that
people must apply for a fishing license before they go fishing. Cub
Scout-age fishermen often don’t have to have a license, but be sure
to find out about licensing requirements in your area.
In addition to your state and local fishing laws, there are also
some “good neighbor” rules that are important for you to follow.
Always ask permission before fishing on another person’s
property. (A Scout is courteous.)
Always leave the area cleaner than you found it. Take along
a trash bag for any trash you find. (A Scout is clean.)
Always let an adult know where you are going and when
you will be back. (A Scout is trustworthy.)
Do not intrude on a spot where others are already fishing,
which can scare away fish. (A Scout is friendly.)
Do not fish in a swimming area. People might step on lost
hooks.
Decide with your parent or guardian whether you should
wear a life jacket while fishing. (A Scout is obedient.)
Check the weather forecast before you go fishing and watch
the weather while you are fishing. Never fish when lightning
is striking in the area or when there is a possibility of
flooding.
Be sure the place you choose to fish is safe. Things to watch
for include slippery rocks, a steep bank that goes to the
water’s edge, unclean water, debris left from previous high
water, and a swiftly moving current.
Be sure to discuss any other rules your family has so you will
be safe while fishing.
REQUIREMENT 3 | Learn about fishing equipment,
and make a simple fishing pole. Practice casting at a
target.
There are many ways to catch fish. You can use a fishing pole, a
rod and reel, or a net. Some fishermen even use their bare hands!
Fishing Pole
The simplest way to catch fish is with a fishing pole. To make
a fishing pole, you will need:
A sturdy stick, 4 to 5 feet long
Fishing line
Scissors
A fishhook
You could use your hiking stick for your fishing pole, but the
best type of wood to use is something that is strong but flexible.
Bamboo that is about a half inch thick is a good choice.
Tie one end of the fishing line to one end of the pole. If one end
of the pole is bigger than the other, tie the line to that end. Now,
wrap the line in a spiral around the pole until you reach the tip. Tie
the line firmly to the tip, but don’t cut the line. Instead, measure
out more line so you have a piece hanging down that is a foot or so
longer than the pole.
That line you wrapped around the pole will help you if
you catch a fish so big it breaks your pole in two. Even
though the pole is broken, you will still have captured
the fish!
Cut off the line and tie a fishhook on the end. To prevent
injuries, stick the hook’s barb into the bottom of the pole until you
get to your fishing spot. Then, bait the hook, and you’re ready go
fishing. Just hang your pole out over the water and lower the bait.
Once a fish is on the hook, jerk the line out of the water and grab
your fish.
Rod and Reel
It’s fun to fish with a simple fishing pole, but most fishermen
use a rod and reel instead. This equipment lets you cast your line
farther out in the water. And when you hook a fish, it’s easy to reel
it in. Here are the pieces you will need.
Rod The rod takes the place of the fishing pole. It has eyelets
(metal rings) along its length that fishing line runs through. M ost
rods are made of fiberglass or synthetic material like carbon fiber.
Some come apart so you can transport them easily; these are called
take-down rods.
The weight of rods varies. To catch small fish, you could use an
ultralight rod. To catch fish like trout, you would use a long, thin
lightweight rod called a fly rod. For bigger fish, you would need a
rod that is bigger around and stronger. If you were going deep-sea
fishing, you might use a rod that’s 20 feet long!
Reel The reel connects to the rod near its handle. Inside the reel
is a spool that your fishing line wraps around (and around and
around and around). From the reel, the end of the line goes up the
pole through the eyelets before you add your hook or lure. To reel
in the line, you turn a handle. To let the line go when you are
casting (tossing your line out on the water), you release a trigger.
There are many types of reels. As a new fisherman, you might
want to pick a close-faced reel that has a cover to protect the line
inside. Open-faced or spincasting reels don’t have a cover and take
more skill to use. Without practice, you can end up with something
called a “bird’s nest”: a big knotted wad of fishing line that is no
longer usable.
Fishing Line
There are many types and colors of fishing line. Some line is
meant to catch fish that weigh only 2 pounds. Some is meant to
catch fish that weigh 10, 20, or even 50 or more pounds. Be sure to
use line that is strong enough for the fish you want to catch.
Otherwise, a fish can break the line and get away.
Bait
You will also need to have the correct bait for the type of fish
you are fishing for. If the fish don’t like to eat the bait you are
using, they won’t bite. Do you remember what you learned in
requirement 1 about the fish in your area?
You will need to decide if you want to use live bait like
minnows, worms, or crickets or if you want to use artificial bait.
There are many types of artificial bait. Some make noise in the
water or spin around to attract fish. Some are designed to look like
live bait.
One special kind of artificial bait is a fishing fly. This is a lure
that looks like a real fly. It sits on top of the water waiting for fish
to come up and bite. Some fishermen tie their own flies. If you are
good with your hands, you might try tying your own flies one day.
Tackle Box
A tackle box is a good place to store your bait and other fishing
supplies (called tackle) while you are traveling and while you are
fishing. It keeps your tackle clean and organized.
You can buy a tackle box at a store or reuse something you find
around your home. Be sure there is a way to secure the lid so it
doesn’t open at the wrong time!
Here are some things to carry in your tackle box:
Artificial bait
Bobbers
Barbless hooks
Needle-nose pliers
Scissors
Sinkers
Bobbers are small floats that attach to your fishing line and
keep your hook at a certain level.
Sinkers let you fish lower in the water because they pull down
on the hook.
Barbless hooks cause less harm to a fish’s mouth when you
are practicing catch-and-release fishing. If you cannot find barbless
hooks, you can use pliers to flatten the barbs on regular hooks.
Pliers help you remove hooks from fish and pull knots tight.
S cissors let you cut off fishing line after you tie it on a hook.
It is also a good idea to carry the Cub Scout Six Essentials when
you go fishing. Other items to carry include raingear and a life
jacket.
CUB S COUT S IX ES S ENTIALS
First-aid kit
Filled water bottle
Flashlight
Trail food
Sun protection
Whistle
Fishing can be an expensive hobby, but it doesn’t have to be. If
you want to learn about fishing but aren’t sure whether you will
like it, you may be able to borrow some equipment from a family
member or friend. Once you decide you like it, you can purchase
the proper equipment. You can also buy one or two items at a time
and slowly build up a collection of fishing gear.
Fishing Knots
You must know the proper types of knots for tying hooks to
your line. Because fishing line is stiff and slippery, you can’t just
use a regular knot. You need a knot that will jam against itself and
hold tight. Here are two good knots to learn.
Improved Clinch Knot Run the end of the line through the eye
of the hook, double the line back, and make six twists around the
standing part (the long part of the line). Run the end of the line
through the small loop where the line joins the eye and then back
through the large loop you just formed. Partially close the knot and
moisten it a little with water before securing it tightly against the
hook eye.
Palomar Knot Double the line to make a 4- to 6-inch loop,
then pass the end of the loop through the eye. (You may need to
crimp the end of the loop so it will go through the eye.) Tie a loose
overhand knot in the doubled line. Pass the hook through the loop
and pull on the doubled line to tighten the knot, guiding the loop
over the top of the eye. Cut off the short end of the line.
Casting
To practice casting, you will need a rod with a reel attached.
Instead of using a hook, tie a sinker on your line so it will be heavy
enough to cast.
Place a target, and practice hitting the target with the sinker. Do
this until you can get closer to the target than you were at first. As
your accuracy improves, move farther from the target. The time
you spend practicing will help make fishing safe and fun.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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