FM 3-34.214 (FM 5-250) EXPLOSIVES AND DEMOLITIONS (July 2007)

FM 3-34.214, C1

Change 1

Headquarters

Department of the Army

Washington, DC, 27 August 2008

Explosives and Demolitions

Change Field Manual (FM) 3-34.214, 11 July 2007, as follows:

Remove old pages:

Insert new pages:

7-5 through 7-10

A bar (|) marks new or changed material.

File this transmittal sheet in front of the publication.

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Distribution authorized to U.S. Government

agencies only to protect technical or operational information from automatic

dissemination under the International Exchange Program or by other means. This

protection applies to publications required solely for official use and to those containing

valuable technical or operational information. This determination was made on 6

November 2006. Other requests for this document will be referred to Commandant,

United States Army Engineer School, ATTN: ATSE-DD, 320 MANSCEN Loop, Suite

336, Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri 65473-8929.

DESTRUCTION NOTICE: Destroy by any method that will prevent disclosure of

contents or reconstruction of the document.

*FM 3-34.214 (FM 5-250)

Field Manual

Headquarters

Department of the Army

No. 3-34.214 (FM 5-250)

Washington, DC, 11 July 2007

EXPLOSIVES AND DEMOLITIONS

Contents

Page

PREFACE

Chapter 1

MILITARY EXPLOSIVES

1-1

Section I - Demolition Materials

1-1

Explosive Selection

1-1

Domestic Explosives

1-3

Foreign Explosives

1-4

Expedient Demolition Charges

1-4

Section II - Service Demolition Charges

1-4

Block Demolition Charge

1-4

Trinitrotoluene Block Demolition Charge

1-5

M112 Block Demolition Charge

1-6

M186 Roll Demolition Charge

1-7

40-Pound, Composition H6 Cratering Charge

1-7

M1 Military Dynamite

1-8

Shaped Demolition Charge

1-9

M1A2 Bangalore Torpedo Demolition Kit

1-12

M1A3 Bangalore Torpedo Demolition Kit

1-12

M4 Selectable, Lightweight Attack Munition

1-13

M300 Fighting Position Excavator and M301 Fighting Position Excavator

Reload Kit

1-17

Section III - Demolition Accessories

1-18

M700 Time-Blasting Fuse

1-18

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Distribution authorized to U.S. Government agencies only to protect technical

or operational information from automatic dissemination under the International Exchange Program or by other

means. This protection applies to publications required solely for official use and to those containing valuable

technical or operational information. This determination was made on 6 November 2006. Other requests for this

document must be referred to Commandant, United States Army Engineer School, ATTN: ATSE-DD,

320 MANSCEN Loop, Suite 336, Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri 65473-8929 or higher authority.

DESTRUCTION NOTICE: Destroy by any method that will prevent disclosure of contents or reconstruction of the

document.

*This publication supersedes FM 5-250, 30 July 1998.

11 July 2007

Contents

Detonating Cord

1-19

Blasting Caps

1-20

Nonelectric Blasting Caps Precrimped to Modernized Demolition Initiator

Components

1-22

Blasting Cap Protectors

1-22

M1A4 Priming Adapter

1-22

M1A5 Priming Adapter

1-22

M8 Blasting Cap Holder

1-23

M1 Detonating Cord Clip

1-23

M1 Adhesive Paste

1-24

Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Tape

1-24

Waterproof Sealing Compound

1-24

M2 Cap Crimper

1-25

M51 Blasting Cap Test Set

1-25

Blasting Machines

1-26

Firing Wire and Reel

1-29

Nonelectric Firing Devices

1-30

Section IV - Explosives Identification

1-32

Purpose

1-32

Materials

1-32

Chapter 2

INITIATING SETS, PRIMING METHODS, FIRING SYSTEMS, AND MODERNIZED

DEMOLITION INITIATORS

2-1

Section I - Initiating Sets

2-1

Nonelectric Initiating Sets

2-1

Fuse Initiation

2-5

Components Assembly

2-5

Electric Initiating Sets

2-8

Section II - Priming Systems

2-11

Priming Charges

2-11

Priming Trinitrotoluene Demolition Blocks

2-11

Priming M112 (Composition C4) Demolition Blocks

2-14

Priming M186 Demolition Charges

2-15

Priming Dynamite

2-16

Priming 40-Pound, Composition H6 Cratering Charges

2-18

Priming M2A4 and M3A1 Shaped Charges

2-21

Priming M1A2 and M1A3 Bangalore Torpedoes

2-22

Section III - Detonating Cord Firing Systems

2-24

Use Detonating Cord Firing Systems

2-24

Attach the Blasting Cap

2-26

Connect the Detonating Cord

2-27

Initiate a Firing System

2-30

Section IV - Modernized Demolition Initiators

2-31

Characteristics

2-31

M11 Nonelectric Blasting Cap With a 30-Foot Shock Tube

2-34

M12 Nonelectric Blasting Cap With a 500-Foot Shock Tube

2-36

M21 Nonelectric Blasting Cap With a 500-Foot Minishock Tube

2-38

FM 3-34.214

11 July 2007

Contents

M13 Nonelectric Blasting Cap With a 1,000-Foot Shock Tube

2-40

M23 Nonelectric Blasting Cap With a 1,000-Foot Minishock Tube

2-43

M14 Nonelectric Blasting Cap With a Delay

2-44

M18 Nonelectric Blasting Cap With a Delay

2-46

M15 Nonelectric Blasting Cap With a Delay

2-48

M151 Booster Demolition Charge

2-50

M152 Booster Demolition Charge

2-52

M19 Nonelectric Blasting Cap With a Dual Minishock Tube

2-54

M9 Blasting Cap and Shock Tube Holder

2-56

M81 Time-Blasting Fuse Igniter With Shock Tube Capability

2-58

Section V - Explosive Charges Primed With Modernized Demolition

Initiators

2-61

Nonelectric Priming

2-61

Trinitrotoluene Block Demolition Charge

2-61

Military Dynamite

2-62

M112 (Composition C4) Demolition Block

2-62

40-Pound Cratering Charge

2-63

M2A4 and M3A1 Shaped Charges

2-63

Bangalore Torpedo

2-64

Section VI - Initiating Sets and Firing Systems

2-64

Initiating Sets

2-64

Instantaneous or Command Initiation

2-65

Delay Initiation

2-66

Special Conditions

2-68

Modernized Demolition Initiator Firing Systems

2-68

Shock Tube Splicing

2-74

Section VII - Safety Procedures

2-75

Modernized Demolition Initiator Considerations

2-75

Modernized Demolition Initiator Misfires

2-76

Section VIII - Modernized Demolition Initiator Use Within Common

Demolition Missions

2-78

Firing Systems Planning

2-78

Steel-Cutting Charges

2-78

Bridge Demolition Charges

2-79

Bridge Demolition Charges and Construction Sequence Using Shock Tube

Components

2-81

Timber-Cutting Charges

2-81

Breaching Charges

2-82

Minefield Breaching Charges

2-83

Chapter 3

CHARGE CALCULATIONS AND PLACEMENT

3-1

Section I - Demolitions

3-1

Demolition Principles

3-1

Charge Types

3-2

Charge Calculation Factors

3-2

Explosive Selections

3-3

Charge Calculations

3-4

11 July 2007

FM 3-34.214

iii

Contents

Section II - Normal Cutting Charges

3-4

Timber-Cutting Charges

3-4

Underwater Charges

3-7

Steel-Cutting Charges

3-9

Section III - Special Cutting Charges

3-14

Purpose

3-14

Ribbon Charge

3-14

Saddle Charge

3-15

Diamond Charge

3-16

Section IV - Breaching Charges

3-17

Critical Factors

3-17

Computation

3-17

Reinforced Concrete Breaching

3-19

Materials Breaching

3-19

Number and Placement of Charges

3-21

Counterforce Charges

3-22

Section V - Cratering and Ditching Charges

3-23

Factors

3-23

Hard-Surfaced Pavement Breaching

3-23

Hasty Crater Method

3-24

Deliberate Crater Method

3-25

Relieved-Face Crater Method

3-25

Misfire Prevention

3-27

Craters Created in Permafrost and Ice

3-27

Craters Created From Culverts

3-28

Craters Created From Antitank Ditches

3-28

Ditching Methods

3-28

Section VI - Land-Clearing Charges

3-30

Stump Removal

3-30

Boulder Removal

3-31

Detonating Cord Wick or Springing Charge

3-32

Quarrying

3-32

Section VII - Special Applications

3-32

Survivability Positions

3-32

Equipment Destruction

3-33

Underwater Demolitions

3-35

Chapter 4

BRIDGE DEMOLITION

4-1

Bridge Debris

4-1

Bridge Categories

4-1

Attack Types

4-2

Successful Bridge Demolitions

4-3

Unsuccessful Bridge Demolitions

4-7

Simply Supported Bridges and Continuous Bridges

4-8

Miscellaneous Bridges

4-21

Abutments

4-25

Intermediate Supports

4-27

FM 3-34.214

11 July 2007

Contents

Chapter 5

DEMOLITION OPERATIONS AND TRAINING

5-1

Section I - Demolition Operations

5-1

Demolition Obstacles

5-1

Barriers and Denial Operations

5-1

Demolition Planning

5-1

Demolition Orders

5-2

Preliminary Demolitions

5-2

Reserved Demolitions

5-2

Reconnaissance Orders

5-5

Reconnaissance Record

5-6

Obstacle Folder

5-6

Section II - Demolition Effects Simulator Devices

5-7

Overview

5-7

Prerequisites

5-7

Section III - Characteristics and Assembly Instructions

5-7

Sheet Explosive Demolition Effects Simulator

5-7

M112 (Composition C4) Block Demolition Effects Simulator

5-9

1-Pound, Trinitrotoluene-Block Demolition Effects Simulator

5-10

M5A1 (Demolition) Block Charge Effects Simulator

5-12

M183 Demolition-Satchel Charge Demolition Effects Simulator

5-13

M2A3 15-Pound, Shaped Charge Demolition Effects Simulator

5-15

M3 40-Pound, Shaped Charge Demolition Effects Simulator

5-17

40-Pound, Cratering Charge Demolition Effects Simulator

5-19

Bangalore Torpedo Demolition Effects Simulator

5-20

M1 Military Dynamite Demolition Effects Simulator

5-23

Section IV - Priming Methods

5-25

Demolition Effects Simulators Without Internal Detonating Cord Boosters

5-25

Demolition Effects Simulators With Internal Detonating Cord Boosters

5-33

Section V - Safety Procedures and Risk Assessment

5-41

Safety Guidelines

5-41

Leader Responsibilities

5-41

Chapter 6

DEMOLITION SAFETY

6-1

Section I - General Safety

6-1

Considerations

6-1

Explosive Materials

6-1

Boreholes

6-5

Toxicity

6-5

Natural Physical Properties

6-5

Underwater Operations

6-7

Safe Distances

6-8

Section II - Misfire Procedures

6-8

Charges Fixed to Targets

6-8

Bangalore Torpedo

6-9

SLAM M4

6-9

Nonelectric

6-9

Electric

6-10

11 July 2007

FM 3-34.214

Contents

Detonating Cord

6-11

Section III - Transportation and Storage Safety

6-12

Transportation

6-12

Storage Safety

6-13

Section IV - Military Explosives Destruction

6-14

Concept

6-14

Site Selection

6-14

Methods

6-14

Section V - Environmental Protection

6-15

Military Munitions Rule

6-15

Environmental Risk Management

6-17

Chapter 7

EXPLOSIVE URBAN ENTRY

7-1

Breaching Effects and Hazards

7-1

Safety

7-3

Net-Explosive Weight and Minimum Safe Distances

7-4

Detonating Cord Linear Charge

7-9

Oval (Silhouette) Charge

7-11

Concrete Charge

7-15

Rubber-Strip Charge (Window Charge)

7-16

Water Charge

7-19

C-Charge

7-23

Doughnut Charge

7-26

Uli Knot Slider Charge

7-28

Fence Charge

7-30

Rapid Wall-Breaching Kit

7-31

Initiation System Using a Modernized Demolition Initiator

7-31

Breachers Brief

7-33

Hasty Breachers Brief

7-34

Appendix A

METRIC CONVERSION CHART

A-1

Appendix B

METRIC CHARGE CALCULATIONS

B-1

Appendix C

DEMOLITION CHARGE USE

C-1

Appendix D

EXPEDIENT DEMOLITIONS

D-1

Appendix E

POWER REQUIREMENTS FOR SERIES FIRING CIRCUITS

E-1

Appendix F

EXAMPLE CALCULATIONS

F-1

Charge Calculations

F-1

Demolition Calculations

F-10

Attack Demolitions

F-11

Appendix G

UNDERWATER DEMOLITIONS

G-1

Appendix H

METHODS OF ATTACKING BRIDGES WITH DEMOLITIONS

H-1

Appendix I

INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING DEMOLITIONS RELATED REPORTS

I-1

Appendix J

DEMOLITION EFFECTS SIMULATOR MATERIALS

J-1

Appendix K

RISK-ASSESSMENT CHECKLIST

K-1

GLOSSARY

Glossary-1

FM 3-34.214

11 July 2007

Contents

REFERENCES

References-1

INDEX

Index-1

Figures

Figure

1-1. TNT Block Demolition Charges

1-5

Figure

1-2. M112 Block Demolition Charge

1-6

Figure

1-3. M186 Roll Demolition Charge

1-7

Figure

1-4. 40-Pound, Composition H6 Cratering Charge

1-8

Figure

1-5. M1 Military Dynamite

1-8

Figure

1-6. Shaped Demolition Charges

1-9

Figure

1-7. M1A2 or M1A3 Bangalore Torpedo

1-12

Figure

1-8. M4 SLAM

1-14

Figure

1-9. Bottom-Attack Mode

1-15

Figure

1-10. Side-Attack Mode

1-16

Figure

1-11. Timed-Demolition Mode

1-16

Figure

1-12. Command-Detonation Mode

1-16

Figure

1-13. M300 FPE Kit

1-17

Figure

1-14. M700 Time Fuse

1-19

Figure

1-15. Detonating Cord

1-19

Figure

1-16. Electric Blasting Caps

1-21

Figure

1-17. Nonelectric Blasting Caps

1-21

Figure

1-18. Booster

1-22

Figure

1-19. M1A4 and M1A5 Priming Adapters

1-23

Figure

1-20. M8 Blasting Cap Holder

1-23

Figure

1-21. M1 Detonating Cord Clip

1-24

Figure

1-22. M2 Cap Crimper

1-25

Figure

1-23. M51 Blasting Cap Test Set

1-26

Figure

1-24. M34 Blasting Machine

1-27

Figure

1-25. CD450-4J Blasting Machine

1-28

Figure

1-26. RL39A Firing Wire Reel

1-30

Figure

1-27. M60 Fuse Igniter

1-31

Figure

1-28. M81 Fuse Igniter

1-32

Figure

2-1. Nonelectric Initiating Set

2-1

Figure

2-2. Cutting a Time Fuse

2-2

Figure

2-3. Crimping a Blasting Cap Onto a Fuse

2-4

Figure

2-4. Lighting a Time Fuse With a Match

2-5

Figure

2-5. Electric Initiating Set

2-6

Figure

2-6. Western Union Pigtail Splice and Tension Knot

2-6

Figure

2-7. Two-Wire Splice

2-7

11 July 2007

FM 3-34.214

vii

Contents

Figure

2-8. Series Circuit

2-8

Figure

2-9. Testing a Firing Wire on a Reel

2-9

Figure

2-10. Nonelectric Priming With an Adapter

2-12

Figure

2-11. Nonelectric Priming Without an Adaptor

2-12

Figure

2-12. Electric Priming With an Adapter

2-13

Figure

2-13. Electric Priming Without an Adapter

2-13

Figure

2-14. Priming TNT With Detonating Cord

2-14

Figure

2-15. Priming Plastic Explosives With Detonating Cord

2-15

Figure

2-16. Priming Composition C4 With an L-Shaped Charge

2-15

Figure

2-17. Priming Sheet Explosives

2-16

Figure

2-18. Nonelectric and Electric End-Priming of Dynamite

2-17

Figure

2-19. Nonelectric and Electric Side-Priming of Dynamite

2-18

Figure

2-20. Priming Dynamite With Detonating Cord

2-18

Figure

2-21. Priming Composition H6 and Ammonium Nitrate Cratering Charges

2-20

Figure

2-22. Priming Shaped Charges

2-22

Figure

2-23. Priming a Bangalore Torpedo With a Blasting Cap

2-23

Figure

2-24. Single Priming a Bangalore Torpedo With a Detonating Cord

2-23

Figure

2-25. Single-Primed System (Dual-Initiated, Single-Fired, Single-Primed)

2-25

Figure

2-26. Dual-Primed System (Dual-Initiated, Dual-Fired, Dual-Primed)

2-25

Figure

2-27. Dual-Primed Charge

2-26

Figure

2-28. Dual-Firing System (Using a Bridge as a Possible Target)

2-26

Figure

2-29. Attach a Blasting Cap to the Detonating Cord

2-27

Figure

2-30. Square-Knot Connections for Detonating Cord

2-27

Figure

2-31. Branchline Connections for Detonating Cord

2-28

Figure

2-32. Line Main With Branchlines

2-29

Figure

2-33. Connecting With a British Junction

2-29

Figure

2-34. Ring Mains

2-30

Figure

2-35. Attaching Blasting Caps to a Line Main

2-31

Figure

2-36. M11 Blasting Cap Component (Various Vendors)

2-35

Figure

2-37. M12 Shock Tube Component and Blasting Cap With a Splicing Kit

2-37

Figure

2-38. M21 MDI With a 500-Foot Shock Tube Component With a Splicing Kit

2-39

Figure

2-39. M13 Shock Tube Component and Blasting Cap With a Splicing Kit

2-41

Figure

2-40. M23 MDI 1,000-Foot Shock Tube Component

2-43

Figure

2-41. M14 Time Fuse Component (Various Vendors)

2-45

Figure

2-42.

20-Minute Burn Time M18 Component

2-47

Figure

2-43. M15 Delay Blasting Cap

2-49

Figure

2-44. M152 Low-Strength Detonating Cord Component

2-53

Figure

2-45. M19 Dual-Minitube and Blasting Cap Component

2-55

Figure

2-46. M9 Blasting Cap and Shock Tube Holder

2-57

Figure

2-47. M81 Fuse Igniter

2-59

Figure

2-48. Priming a TNT Block With an MDI

2-62

viii

FM 3-34.214

11 July 2007

Contents

Figure

2-49. Priming M1 Dynamite With an MDI

2-62

Figure

2-50. Priming a Composition C4 Demolition Block With an MDI

2-63

Figure

2-51. Priming Shaped Charges With an MDI

2-64

Figure

2-52. Priming the Bangalore Torpedo With an MDI

2-64

Figure

2-53. M81 Fuse Igniter With a Shock Tube

2-66

Figure

2-54. M9 Blasting Cap Holder in a Delay Initiation

2-67

Figure

2-55. M81 Fuse Igniter With an M14 Time Fuse Installed

2-67

Figure

2-56. MDI Single-Firing System (Single-Primed and Dual-Initiated)

2-69

Figure

2-57. MDI Dual-Firing System (Dual-Primed and Dual-Initiated)

2-70

Figure

2-58. MDI Branchline Array

2-72

Figure

2-59. Combination (MDI and Detonating Cord) Firing System (Dual)

2-73

Figure

2-60. MDI Detonating Cord Clip

2-74

Figure

2-61. Splicing a Shock Tube

2-75

Figure

2-62. MDI Misfire Procedures

2-77

Figure

2-63. Steel I Beam Cutting Charges

2-79

Figure

2-64. Bridge Demolition Charges (MDI-Balanced Firing System)

2-80

Figure

2-65. Bridge Demolition Charges (MDI or Detonating Cord Combination)

2-80

Figure

2-66. External Timber Charges Using Dual Initiation

2-81

Figure

2-67. Internal Timber Charges With Dual Initiation

2-82

Figure

2-68. Breaching Using Detonating Cord and Dual Initiation

2-83

Figure

3-1. Direction of Initiation

3-3

Figure

3-2. Timber-Cutting Charge (Internal)

3-5

Figure

3-3. Timber-Cutting Charge (External)

3-6

Figure

3-4. Timber-Cutting Ring Charge

3-7

Figure

3-5. Cutting a Timber Pile Underwater

3-7

Figure

3-6. Abatis

3-8

Figure

3-7. Placing Charges on Steel Members

3-10

Figure

3-8. Charge Placement on Chains

3-13

Figure

3-9. Charge Placement on a Steel Cable (3 Inches or Larger)

3-13

Figure

3-10. Charge Placement on Railroad Rails

3-14

Figure

3-11. Using a Ribbon Charge

3-15

Figure

3-12. Placing a Ribbon Charge on Structural Steel

3-15

Figure

3-13. Using a Saddle Charge

3-16

Figure

3-14. Using a Diamond Charge

3-17

Figure

3-15. Tamping Factor (C) for Breaching Charges

3-18

Figure

3-16. Charge Placement

3-22

Figure

3-17. Counterforce Charge

3-22

Figure

3-18. Hasty Crater Charge Placement

3-24

Figure

3-19. Deliberate Crater Charge Placement

3-25

Figure

3-20. Relieved-Face Crater on Dirt- or Gravel-Surfaced Roads

3-26

Figure

3-21. Single-Line Ditching Method

3-28

11 July 2007

FM 3-34.214

Contents

Figure

3-22. Cross-Section Ditching Method

3-29

Figure

3-23. Stump Blasting

3-31

Figure

3-24. Boulder Blasting

3-31

Figure

3-25. Borehole Layouts

3-33

Figure

3-26. AFV Charge Placement

3-35

Figure

4-1. Debris Use

4-1

Figure

4-2. Simply Supported Bridges

4-2

Figure

4-3. Three-Pin Arch Effect

4-3

Figure

4-4. Cranked-Beam Effect

4-3

Figure

4-5. Improper Collapse Mechanism and Hinges

4-4

Figure

4-6. Jammed Bridge Span

4-4

Figure

4-7. Seesaw Collapse Mechanism

4-4

Figure

4-8. Beam Collapse Mechanism

4-5

Figure

4-9. Member Without a Support Collapse Mechanism

4-5

Figure

4-10. Effect of a Concrete Stripping Charge

4-6

Figure

4-11. Cantilever Effect

4-7

Figure

4-12. Causes of Jamming

4-8

Figure

4-13. Span Differences

4-9

Figure

4-14. Categorization Chart for Simply Supported Bridges

4-10

Figure

4-15. Typical Cross Sections of Steel-Beam Bridges

4-11

Figure

4-16. Side Elevation of Steel-Truss Bridges

4-11

Figure

4-17. Midspan, Cross-Sectional Views of Typical Concrete Bridges

4-12

Figure

4-18. Normal Bowstring Bridge

4-12

Figure

4-19. Bowstring-Reinforced Truss Bridge

4-13

Figure

4-20. Measurements of Simply Supported Spans

4-13

Figure

4-21. Line of Attack

4-14

Figure

4-22. Location of an Angled Charge

4-15

Figure

4-23. Continuous Bridges Categorization Chart

4-16

Figure

4-24. Cantilever Bridges

4-16

Figure

4-25. Cantilever and Suspended Span Bridges

4-17

Figure

4-26. Steel-Beam Bridge Without a Short-Side Span

4-17

Figure

4-27. Steel-Truss Bridge With a Short-Side Span

4-18

Figure

4-28. Steel-Beam Bridge With a Short-Side Span

4-18

Figure

4-29. Typical Portal Bridges

4-18

Figure

4-30. Arch Bridges

4-19

Figure

4-31. Masonry-Arch Bridge

4-19

Figure

4-32. Measurements of Continuous Bridges

4-20

Figure

4-33. Suspension Span Bridge

4-21

Figure

4-34. Swing Span Truss Bridge

4-22

Figure

4-35. Double-Leaf Bascule Bridge

4-23

Figure

4-36. Single-Leaf Bascule Bridge

4-23

FM 3-34.214

11 July 2007

Contents

Figure

4-37. Vertical Lift Bridge

4-23

Figure

4-38. Floating Bridge

4-24

Figure

4-39. Bailey Bridge Demolition

4-25

Figure

4-40. Abutment Destruction (5 Feet Thick or Less)

4-26

Figure

4-41. Abutment Destruction (Over 5 Feet Thick)

4-27

Figure

4-42. Intermediate-Support Placement Charges

4-28

Figure

5-1. Sheet Explosive DES Assembly

5-8

Figure

5-2. M112 (Composition C4) Block DES

5-10

Figure

5-3. 1-Pound, TNT-Block DES

5-11

Figure

5-4. M5A1 (Demolition) Block DES

5-13

Figure

5-5. Filled M85 Carrying Case

5-14

Figure

5-6. M183 Satchel Charge DES

5-15

Figure

5-7. 15-Pound, Shaped Charge DES

5-16

Figure

5-8. 40-Pound, Shaped Charge DES

5-18

Figure

5-9. 40-Pound, Cratering Charge DES

5-20

Figure

5-10. Bangalore Torpedo DES

5-22

Figure

5-11. M1 Military Dynamite DES

5-24

Figure

5-12. Knots

5-26

Figure

5-13. Priming a Sheet Explosive DES With Detonating Cord

5-26

Figure

5-14. Priming a Sheet Explosive DES With MDI

5-27

Figure

5-15. Priming an M112 DES With Detonating Cord

5-28

Figure

5-16. Priming a TNT Block DES Using Detonating Cord

5-30

Figure

5-17. Priming a TNT Block DES (With Adapter) Using an MDI

5-30

Figure

5-18. Priming a TNT DES (Without Adapter) Using an MDI

5-31

Figure

5-19. Priming an M1 Dynamite DES Using Detonating Cord

5-32

Figure

5-20. End-Priming M1 Military Dynamite Using a DES

5-32

Figure

5-21. Side-Priming M1 Military Dynamite DES

5-33

Figure

5-22. Priming a TNT DES (With Booster) Using Detonating Cord

5-34

Figure

5-23. Priming a TNT DES (With Booster) With an MDI

5-34

Figure

5-24. Priming an M5A1 DES Using an MDI

5-35

Figure

5-25. Priming an M183 DES Using Detonating Cord

5-36

Figure

5-26. Priming an M183 DES Using an MDI

5-36

Figure

5-27. Priming a 15-Pound, Shaped Charge DES Using Detonating Cord

5-37

Figure

5-28. Priming a 15-Pound, Shaped Charge DES Using an MDI

5-37

Figure

5-29. Priming a 40-Pound, Shaped Charge DES Using Detonating Cord

5-38

Figure

5-30. Priming a 40-Pound, Shaped Charge DES Using an MDI

5-39

Figure

5-31. Priming a 40-Pound, Cratering Charge DES Using Detonating Cord

5-39

Figure

5-32. Priming a 40-Pound, Cratering Charge DES Using an MDI

5-40

Figure

5-33. Priming a Bangalore Torpedo DES Using Detonating Cord

5-40

Figure

5-34. Priming a Bangalore Torpedo DES Using an MDI

5-41

Figure

7-1. Detonating Cord Linear Charge

7-9

11 July 2007

FM 3-34.214

Contents

Figure

7-2. Up-and-Down Charge

7-11

Figure

7-3. Silhouette Charge

7-12

Figure

7-4. Placement of a Rubber-Strip Charge (Doors)

7-16

Figure

7-5. Rubber-Strip Charge Construction

7-17

Figure

7-6. Placement of a Rubber-Strip Charge (Windows)

7-18

Figure

7-7. Water Impulse Charge

7-20

Figure

7-8. Placement of a Water Impulse Charge (Metal Door)

7-23

Figure

7-9. C-Charge Construction

7-25

Figure

7-10. Placement of a C-Charge (Door)

7-26

Figure

7-11. Doughnut Charge

7-27

Figure

7-12. Uli Knot Slider Charge

7-28

Figure

7-13. Fence Charge

7-30

Figure

7-14. Initiation System Using MDIs

7-32

Figure D-1. Improvised Shaped Charge

D-1

Figure D-2. Platter Charge

D-2

Figure D-3. Grapeshot Charge

D-3

Figure D-4. Detonating Cord Wick

D-5

Figure D-5. Expedient Flame Fougasse

D-6

Figure D-6. Gregory Knot

D-8

Figure D-7. Scanman Knot

D-8

Figure F-1. Timber-Cutting Charge Calculation (Internal)

F-1

Figure F-2. Timber-Cutting Charge Calculation (External)

F-2

Figure F-3. Steel-Cutting Charge Calculation

F-3

Figure F-4. Hasty, Steel-Cutting Charge Calculation

F-4

Figure F-5. Steel-Cutting Charge Calculation (Steel Plate)

F-5

Figure F-6. Steel-Cutting Charge Calculation (I Beam)

F-6

Figure F-7. Steel-Cutting Charge Calculation (Steel Bar)

F-7

Figure F-8. Steel-Cutting Charge Calculation (High-Carbon Steel)

F-7

Figure F-9. Breaching Charge Calculation (Reinforced Concrete Pier)

F-8

Figure F-10. Counterforce Charge Calculation

F-8

Figure F-11. Cratering Charge Calculation

F-9

Figure F-12. Concrete Stripping Charge Calculation

F-10

Figure F-13. Bottom-Attack Bridge Calculation

F-11

Figure F-14. Top-Attack Bridge Calculation

F-12

Figure F-15. Arch-Bridge Attack Calculation

F-13

Figure G-1. Impalement Blasting Outside the Hull

G-3

Figure G-2. Impalement Blasting Within the Hull

G-4

Figure G-3. Freeing a Ship From a Rock Pinnacle

G-4

Figure G-4. Trenching and Tunneling With Explosives Alongside a Ship

G-5

Figure G-5. Channel Alteration

G-6

Figure G-6. Sandbar Removal

G-7

xii

FM 3-34.214

11 July 2007

Contents

Figure G-7. DWFA Board

G-8

Figure G-8. Typical Detonating Cord Preparation

G-9

Figure I-1. Sample DA Form 2203

I-2

Figure I-1. Sample DA Form 2203 (Continued)

I-3

Figure I-1. Sample DA Form 2203 (Continued)

I-4

Figure I-1. Sample DA Form 2203 (Continued)

I-5

Figure I-1. Sample DA Form 2203 (Continued)

I-6

Tables

Table

1-1. Characteristics of U.S. Explosives

1-2

Table

1-2. Characteristics of Block Demolition Charges

1-5

Table

1-3. Characteristics of Boreholes Made By Shaped Charges

1-11

Table

1-4. M4 SLAM Characteristics

1-14

Table

1-5. Demolition Materials

1-33

Table

1-6. U.S. Mines

1-36

Table

1-7. DODIC Index for Demolition Materials

1-37

Table

2-1. M11 Characteristics

2-36

Table

2-2. M12 Characteristics

2-38

Table

2-3. M21 Characteristics

2-40

Table

2-4. M13 Characteristics

2-42

Table

2-5. M23 Characteristics

2-44

Table

2-6. M14 Characteristics

2-46

Table

2-7. M18 Characteristics

2-48

Table

2-8. M15 Characteristics

2-50

Table

2-9. M151 Characteristics

2-52

Table

2-10. M152 Characteristics

2-54

Table

2-11. M19 Characteristics

2-56

Table

2-12. M9 Characteristics

2-58

Table

2-13. M81 Characteristics

2-60

Table

3-1. Breaching Charge Thickness

3-3

Table

3-2. Timber-Cutting Charge Size

3-9

Table

3-3. Hasty, Steel-Cutting Chart for TNT

3-11

Table

3-4. Hasty, Steel-Cutting Chart for Composition C4

3-12

Table

3-5. Material Factor (K) for Breaching Charges

3-18

Table

3-6. Breaching Charges for Reinforced Concrete

3-20

Table

3-7. Conversion Factors for Material Other Than Reinforced Concrete

3-21

Table

3-8. Single-Line Ditching Explosives Data

3-29

Table

3-9. Cross-Section Ditching Explosives Data

3-30

11 July 2007

FM 3-34.214

xiii

Contents

Table 3-10. Boulder-Blasting Charges

3-32

Table 3-11. Gun-Destruction Charge Sizes

3-34

Table 5-1. BOM for a Sheet Explosive DES

5-9

Table 5-2. BOM for an M112 (Composition C4) Block DES

5-10

Table 5-3. BOM for a 1-Pound TNT-Block DES

5-12

Table 5-4. BOM for an M5A1 Demolition Block DES

5-13

Table 5-5. BOM for an M183 Demolition-Satchel Charge DES

5-15

Table 5-6. BOM for an M2A3 15-Pound, Shaped Charge DES

5-17

Table 5-7. BOM for a 40-Pound, Shaped Charge DES

5-19

Table 5-8. BOM for a 40-Pound, Cratering Charge DES

5-20

Table 5-9. BOM for a Bangalore Torpedo DES

5-23

Table 5-10. BOM for an M1 Military Dynamite DES

5-25

Table 6-1. MSD for Blasting Near Radio Frequency Energy

6-6

Table 6-2. MSD for Personnel in the Open (Near Bare Charges)

6-7

Table 7-1. NEW Formulas

7-5

Table 7-2. MSD for K Factor of 18 Representing 3.5 Pounds Per Square Inch

7-7

Table 7-3. Target Thickness

7-12

Table A-1. Metric Conversion Chart

A-1

Table B-1. Standard U.S. Army Demolition Charges (Metric Equivalents)

B-1

Table B-2. TNT Steel-Cutting Charges

B-3

Table B-3. Material Factors for Breaching Charges

B-4

Table C-1. AT Mine Explosives Content (By Nation)

C-2

Table C-2. GP Aerial Bombs (Explosives Content)

C-3

Table E-1. Resistance of Copper Wire

E-2

Table E-2. Power Source Capabilities

E-3

Table H-1. Minimum E_R Values For Bottom Attack (Percent)

H-1

Table H-2. Minimum L_C Values For Top Attack (Midspan)

H-2

Table H-3. Minimum L_C Values For Arch and Pinned-Footing Bridge Attacks

H-3

Table H-4. Attack Methods on Simply Supported Bridges

H-4

Table H-5. Attack Methods on Continuous Bridges

H-9

Table J-1. DES Materials

J-2

Table K-1. Commander’s Risk Assessment for Live Demolitions

K-2

Table K-2. Factors

K-5

Table K-3. Severity of Training

K-5

xiv

FM 3-34.214

11 July 2007

Preface

The doctrine of explosives and demolitions focuses on the procedures that support the combat operations

provided by engineer capabilities to the combined arms team. This doctrine reduces the effectiveness of

barriers, obstacles, infrastructure, and minefields to maintain mobility and momentum in the operating area.

Field Manual (FM) 3-34.214 is the reference manual for explosives and demolitions procedures that support

combat operations, as well as, peacetime training missions requiring demolition (the destruction of structures,

facilities, or material by use of fire, water, explosives, mechanical, or other means) (FM 1-02) applications.

FM 3-34.214 provides the theory of explosives, explosive characteristics and their common uses, formulas for

calculating various types of charges, and the standard methods of priming and placing charges.

FM 3-34.214 provides doctrine on constructing charges for various applications and its uses to maintain

mobility and momentum in the contemporary operational environment (COE). It focuses on the demolition

systems and material required to accomplish the mission. The doctrine in this manual recognizes the need to

address the urban and complex environment. This manual describes in detail the procedures required to

assemble and emplace explosive charges for impartial or complete destruction.

The primary audience for FM 3-34.214 is Soldiers at the unit level and below. This doctrine will assist Army

branch schools in teaching the integration of engineer explosive capabilities into Army operations. Engineer

involvement is a given for nearly every military operation. The degree of involvement will include one or more

of the roles associated with engineers performing demolition missions in support of the maneuver commander.

Given the magnitude of the changes in demolition material and the techniques used in recent years, becoming

familiar with the information in this document is essential to use explosives effectively to achieve the desired

end state.

Appendix A complies with current Army directives that state that the metric system will be incorporated into all

new publications.

Terms that have joint or Army definitions are identified in both the glossary and the text. Glossary references:

The glossary lists most terms used in FM 3-34.214 that have joint or Army definitions. Terms for which

FM 3-34.214 is the proponent FM (the authority) are indicated with an asterisk in the glossary. Text references:

Definitions for which FM 3-34.214 is the proponent FM are printed in boldface in the text. These terms and

their definitions will be incorporated into the next revision of FM 1-02. For other definitions in the text, the

term is italicized and the number of the proponent FM follows the definition.

This publication applies to the Active Army, the Army National Guard (ARNG)/Army National Guard of the

United States

(ARNGUS), and the United States Army Reserve (USAR) unless otherwise stated. This

publication also applies to U.S. Military Academy, United States Army National Guard, United States Army

Reserve, and DA civilian employees and contractors (contracts for work on Army ranges will include a

provision requiring compliance with applicable provisions of Army Regulation (AR) 385-63); (2) Reserve

Officer Training Corps participating students while training on an Army controlled range; (3) Active commands

(local SOPs and range policies will reinforce this order); (4) any person or organization using an Army

controlled real estate or range; (5) range training and target practice activities; (6) military real estate areas that

are being or have been used as bombing ranges, artillery impact areas, or target areas; and (7) all areas

designated for live-fire weapons firing, including laser ranges, recreational ranges, and rod and gun club ranges

located on Army property or property controlled by the Army. During mobilization, chapters and policies

contained in this FM may be modified by the proponent. This FM is advisory for deployed units engaged in

combat operations. This FM also applies to personnel training outside the United States. Army commanders

will apply the provisions of this FM and host national agreements as appropriate.

The proponent for this publication is the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC).

Send comments and recommendations on Department of the Army (DA) Form 2028 (Recommended Changes

to Publications and Blank Forms) directly to Commandant, United States Army Engineer School,

ATTN: ATSE-DD, 320 MANSCEN Loop, Suite 336, Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri 64573-8929. Submit an

11 July 2007

FM 3-34.214

Chapter 1

Table 1-1. Characteristics of U.S. Explosives

Detonation

Fume

Water

Name

Applications

Velocity

Factor*

Toxicity

Resistance

M/Sec

Ft/Sec

Ammonium

Earthmoving

2,700

8,900

0.42

Dangerous

Poor

nitrate

Detonating cord

PETN

Blasting caps

8,300

27,200

1.66

Slight

Excellent

Demolition charges

Blasting caps

RDX

Composition

8,350

27,400

1.60

Dangerous

Excellent

explosive

Demolition charge

TNT

Composition

6,900

22,600

1.00

Dangerous

Excellent

explosive

Booster charge

Tetryl

Composition

7,100

23,300

1.25

Dangerous

Excellent

explosive

Nitroglycerin

Commercial dynamite

7,700

25,200

1.50

Dangerous

Good

Black powder

Time fuse

400

1,300

0.55

Dangerous

Poor

Amatol 80/20

Bursting charge

4,900

16,000

1.17

Dangerous

Poor

Booster charge

Composition A3

8,100

26,500

—

Dangerous

Good

Bursting charge

Composition B

Bursting charge

7,800

25,600

1.35

Dangerous

Excellent

Composition

Cutting charge

8,040

26,400

1.34

Slight

Excellent

C4 (M112)

Breaching charge

Composition

Cratering charge

7,190

23,600

1.33

Dangerous

Excellent

Ammonium

Cratering charge

2,700

8,900

0.42

Dangerous

Poor

nitrate

Tetrytol 75/25

Demolition charge

7,000

23,000

1.20

Dangerous

Excellent

Booster charge

Pentolite 50/50

7,450

24,400

—

Dangerous

Excellent

Bursting charge

M1 dynamite

Demolition charge

6,100

20,000

0.92

Dangerous

Fair

6,100

20,000

Priming

Detonating cord

1.66

Slight

Excellent

Demolition charge

7,300

24,000

Sheet explosive

Cutting charge

7,300

24,000

1.14

Dangerous

Excellent

(M186)

Bangalore

Demolition charge

7,800

25,600

1.17

Dangerous

Excellent

torpedo, M1A2

Shaped

charges M2A3,

Cutting charge

7,800

25,600

1.17

Dangerous

Excellent

M2A4, and

M3A1

1-2

FM 3-34.214

11 July 2007

Military Explosives

Table 1-1. Characteristics of U.S. Explosives

Detonation

Fume

Water

Name

Applications

Velocity

Factor*

Toxicity

Resistance

M/Sec

Ft/Sec

Binary mix,

Sodium

perchlorate,

FPE main charges

4,000

13,100

1.60

Slight

Good

and Aluminum

powder

*TNT equals 1.00 RE.

DOMESTIC EXPLOSIVES

1-2. The paragraphs below discuss the different types of domestic explosives. Domestic explosives

include ammonium nitrate, trinitrotoluene (TNT) , composition C4, and dynamite.

AMMONIUM NITRATE

1-3. Ammonium nitrate is the least sensitive of military explosives. For successful detonation, it requires

a booster charge. Because of its low sensitivity, ammonium nitrate is a component of many composite

explosives (combined with a more sensitive explosive). Ammonium nitrate is not suitable for cutting or

breaching charges because it has a low detonating velocity. Commercial quarrying operations use

ammonium nitrate demolitions extensively. Ammonium nitrate should be packed in an airtight container

because it is extremely hygroscopic (absorbs humidity). Ammonium nitrate or composite explosives

containing ammonium nitrate are not suitable for underwater use unless packed in waterproof containers or

detonated immediately after placement.

TRINITROTOLUENE

1-4. TNT may be in a composite (such as booster, bursting, or demolition charges) or a noncomposite

form. Since TNT is a standard explosive, it is used to rate other military explosives.

COMPOSITION C4

1-5. Composition C4 is a composite explosive containing 91 percent cyclotrimethlenetrinitramine (RDX)

and 9 percent nonexplosive plasticizers. Booster charges are composed of composition C4. Composition C4

is effective in temperatures between 70°F-170°F; however, composition C4 loses its plasticity in colder

temperatures.

DYNAMITE

1-6. The paragraphs below discuss the different dynamite types. Dynamite types include standard,

military, and binary explosives (fighting position excavator [FPE]).

Standard

1-7. Most dynamites, with the notable exception of military dynamite, contain ammonium nitrate plus

varying combinations of absorbents, oxidizers, antacids, and freezing point depressants. Dynamites vary in

strength and sensitivity depending on, among other factors, the percentage of ammonium nitrate. Some

nitroglycerin-based dynamites are still available for general blasting and demolitions, including land

clearing, cratering and ditching, and quarrying.

11 July 2007

FM 3-34.214

1-3

Chapter 1

Military

1-8. Military dynamite is a composite explosive that contains 75 percent cyclotrimethlenetrinitramine

(RDX) (also known as cyclonite), 15 percent TNT, and 10 percent desensitizers and plasticizers. Military

dynamite is not as powerful as commercial dynamite. The equivalent strength of military dynamite is

60 percent of commercial dynamite. Because military dynamite contains no nitroglycerin, it is stabler and

safer to store and handle than commercial dynamite.

Binary Explosives (Fighting Position Excavator)

1-9. Binary explosives are two inert, nonexplosive components that are mixed together to form an

explosive charge. The inert components may be handled and transported safely as nonhazardous,

nonexplosive items until they are mixed just before they are used. Binary explosives can be primed and

initiated like any other military explosive item. The main charges of the FPE are a binary explosive formed

by mixing sodium perchlorate with aluminum powder.

FOREIGN EXPLOSIVES

1-10. Foreign countries use a variety of explosives, including TNT, picric acid, amatol, and guncotton.

Picric acid is similar to TNT, but it also corrodes metals, forming extremely sensitive compounds.

WARNING

Do not handle picric acid. Notify explosive ordnance disposal

(EOD) (the detection, identification, on-site evaluation, rendering

safe, recovery, and final disposal of unexploded ordnance. It may

also include explosive ordnance which has become hazardous by

damage or deterioration) (Joint Publication [JP] 1-02) personnel

for disposition. Failure to comply could result in immediate

personal injury or damage to equipment.

1-11. Explosives of allied nations and those captured from the enemy can be used to supplement standard

supplies. Use these explosives according to the instructions and directives of theater commanders. Captured

bombs, propellants, and other devices may be used with U.S. military explosives for larger demolition

projects, such as pier, bridge, tunnel, and airfield destruction. Most foreign explosive blocks have cap wells

large enough to receive U.S. military blasting caps. Since foreign explosives may differ from U.S.

explosives in sensitivity and force, make test shots to determine their adequacy before extensive use or

mixing with U.S.-type explosives. Additional information on the use of demolition charges is in Appendix

EXPEDIENT DEMOLITION CHARGES

1-12. Expedient techniques are intended for use only by personnel experienced in demolitions and

demolition safety. Expedient techniques should not be used to replace standard demolition methods.

Availability of trained Soldiers, time, and material are the factors to consider when evaluating the use of

expedient techniques. For additional information on the expedient use of demolitions, see Appendix D.

SECTION II - SERVICE DEMOLITION CHARGES

BLOCK DEMOLITION CHARGE

1-13. Block demolition charges are prepackaged, high-explosive (HE) charges for general demolition

operations, such as cutting, breaching, and cratering. They are composed of HE TNT, tetrytol, composition

C-series, and ammonium nitrate. Block charges are rectangular in form except for the

40-pound,

composition H6 cratering charge, military dynamite, and the 1/4-pound TNT block demolition charge,

1-4

FM 3-34.214

11 July 2007

Military Explosives

which are all cylindrical in form. The various block charges available are described below, as well as in

Table 1-2. See TM 43-0001-38 for detailed information about demolition charges and accessories.

Table 1-2. Characteristics of Block Demolition Charges

Detonation

Unit

Packaging and

Explosive

Size (in)

Velocity

(lb)

Factor

Weight¹

M/Sec

Ft/Sec

0.25

1 1/2 x 3 1/2

6,900

22,600

1.00

192 per box/55 lb

TNT²

0.50

1 3/4 x 1 3/4 x 3 3/4

6,900

22,600

1.00

96 per box/53 lb

1.00

1 3/4 x 1 3/4 x 7

6,900

22,600

1.00

48 per box/53 lb

M112 block

1.25

1 x 2 x 10

8,040

26,400

1.34

30 per box/40 lb

M186 roll

25.00

1/4 x 3 x 600

7,300

24,000

1.14

3 per box/80 lb

Composition H6²

43.00

7 x 20

7,190

23,600

1.33

1 per box/52 lb

M1 dynamite²

0.50

1 1/4 x 8

6,100

20,000

0.92

100 per box/62 lb

¹Packaging weights include the packaging material and the weight of the container.

²The 1/4-pound block of TNT, the composition H6 cratering charge, and the M1 dynamite are cylindrical in shape and

described in terms of diameter and length.

TRINITROTOLUENE BLOCK DEMOLITION CHARGE

1-14. TNT charges are discussed below. Discussed are the characteristics, uses, advantages, and limitations

of TNT charges.

CHARACTERISTICS

1-15. The TNT charges shown in Figure 1-1 are available in three sizes (Table 1-2). The 1/4-pound block

is issued in a cylindrical, waterproof, olive drab cardboard container. The 1/2-pound and 1-pound blocks

are available in similar rectangular containers. All of the three charges have metal ends with a threaded cap

well in one end.

Figure 1-1. TNT Block Demolition Charges

USES

1-16. TNT charges are effective for all types of demolition work, except for special steel-cutting charges.

However, the 1/4-pound charge is primarily for training purposes.

ADVANTAGES

1-17. TNT charges have a high detonating velocity. They are stable, relatively insensitive to shock or

friction, and are water resistant. They are conveniently sized, shaped, and packaged.

11 July 2007

FM 3-34.214

1-5

Chapter 1

LIMITATIONS

1-18. TNT charges cannot be molded and are difficult to use on irregularly shaped targets. TNT is not

recommended for use in closed spaces because one of the products of explosion is poisonous gases.

M112 BLOCK DEMOLITION CHARGE

1-19. M112 block demolition charges are discussed in the paragraph below. Discussed are the

characteristics, uses, advantages, and limitations of a M112 block demolition charge.

CHARACTERISTICS

1-20. An M112 charge consists of 1 1/4 pounds of composition C4 packed in an olive drab film container

with a pressure-sensitive adhesive tape on one surface (Figure 1-2). A peelable paper cover protects the

tape. Table 1-2 lists additional characteristics of the M112 block.

Figure 1-2. M112 Block Demolition Charge

USES

1-21. The M112 charge is used primarily for cutting and breaching. Because of its high cutting effect and

its ability to be cut and shaped, the M112 charge is ideally suited for cutting irregularly shaped targets, such

as steel. The adhesive backing allows the charge to be placed on any relatively flat, clean, dry surface with

a temperature that is above the freezing point. The M112 charge is the primary block demolition charge

presently in use.

WARNING

Composition C4 explosive is poisonous and dangerous if chewed

or ingested; its detonation or burning produces poisonous fumes.

Cut all plastic explosives with a sharp, nonsparking steel knife on

a nonsparking surface. Shears should not be used. Failure to

comply could result in immediate personal injury or damage to

equipment.

ADVANTAGES

1-22. The M112 block demolition charge can be cut or molded to fit irregularly shaped targets. The color

of the wrapper helps camouflage the charge.

LIMITATIONS

1-23. The adhesive tape will not adhere to wet, dirty, rusty, or frozen surfaces. Molding the charge can

decrease its cutting effect.

1-6

FM 3-34.214

11 July 2007

Military Explosives

M186 ROLL DEMOLITION CHARGE

1-24. A M186 charge (Figure 1-3) is in roll form on a 50-foot plastic spool. Each foot of the roll provides

about 1/2 pound of explosive. Included with each roll are 15 M8 blasting cap holders and one canvas bag

with a carrying strap. Table 1-2, page 1-5, lists additional characteristics for the M186 charge. The M186

charge is adaptable for demolishing targets that require using flexible explosives in lengths longer than

12 inches. The M186 charge can be cut to the exact lengths desired. One limitation of the M186 charge is

that the adhesive backing will not adhere to wet, dirty, rusty, or frozen surfaces.

Figure 1-3. M186 Roll Demolition Charge

40-POUND, COMPOSITION H6 CRATERING CHARGE

1-25. Figure 1-4, page 1-8, shows a composition H6 cratering charge. It is a watertight, cylindrical metal

container with 40 pounds of composition H6 explosive and has 0.43 pound of composition A5 explosive

booster positioned at the top. Priming instructions are printed on the side of the canister. There is a metal

ring (lifting handle) on the top of the container for lowering the charge into its hole. Table 1-2 lists

additional characteristics for the composition H6 charge. This charge is suitable for cratering and ditching

operations. Its primary use is as a cratering charge, but it is also effective for destroying buildings,

fortifications, and bridge abutments. The advantage of this charge is its size and shape, making it ideal for

cratering operations. It is inexpensive to produce compared to other explosives.

11 July 2007

FM 3-34.214

1-7

Military Explosives

USES

1-28. The primary use of M1 dynamite is for stump removal, military construction, quarrying, ditching,

and service demolition work. M1 is suitable for underwater demolitions.

ADVANTAGES

1-29. M1 dynamite will not freeze or perspire in storage. Its composition is not hygroscopic. Unlike

civilian dynamite containers, military shipping containers do not require turning during storage. M1

dynamite is safer to store, handle, and transport than 60 percent of commercial dynamite. Unless essential,

do not use civilian dynamite in combat areas.

LIMITATIONS

1-30. M1 dynamite is reliable underwater for only 24 hours. Because of its low sensitivity, sticks of

military dynamite should be packed well to ensure complete detonation of the charge. M1 dynamite is not

efficient as a cutting or breaching charge.

SHAPED DEMOLITION CHARGE

1-31. The shaped demolition charge used in military operations is a cylindrical block of HE. It has a

conical cavity in one end that directs the lining material of the cone into a narrow jet to penetrate materials

(Figure 1-6). This charge is not effective underwater, since any water in the conical cavity will prevent the

high-velocity jet from forming. To obtain maximum effectiveness, place the cavity at the specified standoff

distance from the target, and detonate the charge from the exact rear center using only the priming well that

is provided. Never dual-prime a shaped charge (a charge shaped so as to concentrate its explosive force in

a particular direction) (JP 1-02).

Figure 1-6. Shaped Demolition Charges

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Chapter 1

CHARACTERISTICS

1-32. Following are the characteristics of the 15-pound M2A4 shaped demolition charge. Also discussed

are the characteristics of the 40-pound M3A1 shaped demolition charge.

15-Pound M2A4 Shaped Demolition Charge

1-33. An M2A4 charge contains a 0.11-pound booster of composition A3 and an 11.5 1/2-pound main

charge of composition B. It is packaged with three charges per wooden box (total weight is 65 pounds).

This charge has a moisture-resisting, molded-fiber container. A cylindrical fiber base slips onto the end of

the charge to provide a 6-inch standoff distance. The cavity liner is a cone of glass. The charge is 14 15/16

inches high and 7 inches in diameter, including the standoff. Table 1-3 lists the penetrating capabilities of

the M2A4 in various types of materials.

40-Pound M3A1 Shaped Demolition Charge

1-34. An M3A1 charge contains a 0.11-pound booster of composition A3 and a 29.5-pound main charge of

composition B. It is packaged with one charge per box (total weight is 65 pounds). The charge is in a metal

container, and the cone liner is made of metal. A metal tripod provides a 15-inch standoff distance. The

charge is 15 1/2 inches high and 9 inches in diameter, not including the standoff.

USES

1-35. The primary use of a shaped demolition charge is for boring holes in the earth, metal, masonry,

concrete, and paved and unpaved roads. Its effectiveness depends largely on its shape, composition, and

placement. Table 1-3, pages 1-11 and 1-12, lists the penetrating capabilities of various materials and the

proper standoff distances for these charges.

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Military Explosives

Table 1-3. Characteristics of Boreholes Made By Shaped Charges

M2A4,

M3A1,

Material

Specifications

Shaped Charge*

Shaped Charge**

(15 lb)

(40 lb)

Penetration

12.00 in

At least 20.00 in

Armor plate

Average hole diameter

01.50 in

02.50 in

Maximum wall thickness

36.00 in

60.00 in

Penetration depth in thick walls

30.00 in

60.00 in

Reinforced concrete

Average hole diameter

02.75 in

03.50 in

Minimum hole diameter

02.00 in

Optimum standoff

42.00 in

60.00 in

Concrete pavement

Minimum penetration depth

44.00 in

71.00 in

(10 in with a 21-in

rock base course)

Maximum penetration depth

91.00 in

109.00 in

Minimum hole diameter

01.75 in

06.75 in

Optimum standoff

42.00 in

—

Concrete pavement

Minimum penetration depth

38.00 in

—

(3 in with a 24-in

rock base course)

Maximum penetration depth

90.00 in

—

Minimum hole diameter

03.75 in

—

Hole depth (30-in standoff)

72.00 in

—

Hole depth (42-in standoff)

60.00 in

—

Hole depth (50-in standoff)

—

72.00 in

Permafrost

Hole diameter (42-in standoff)

1.50 to 6.00 in

—

Hole diameter (50-in standoff)

—

05.00 to 08.00 in

Hole diameter (normal standoff)

04.00 to 30.00 in

07.00 to 30.00 in

Hole depth (42-in standoff)

07.00 ft

12.00 ft

Ice

Hole diameter (42-in standoff)

03.50 in

06.00 in

Hole depth (30-in standoff)

07.00 ft

—

Hole depth (48-in standoff)

—

07.00 ft

Soil

Hole diameter (30-in standoff)

07.00 in

—

Hole diameter (48-in standoff)

—

14.50 in

Graveled roads

Hole depth (30-inch standoff)

07.00 ft

—

Hole depth (48-in standoff)

—

09.00 ft

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1-11

Chapter 1

Table 1-3. Characteristics of Boreholes Made By Shaped Charges

M2A4,

M3A1,

Material

Specifications

Shaped Charge*

Shaped Charge**

(15 lb)

(40 lb)

Hole diameter (30-in standoff)

07.00 in

—

Hole diameter (48-in standoff)

—

07.00 in

*A dash in the column indicates that an M3A1, shaped charged is required.

**A dash in the column indicates that an M2A4, shaped charge is enough.

SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS

1-36. To achieve the maximum effectiveness of shaped charges—

Center the charge over the target point.

Align the axis of the charge with the direction of the desired hole.

Use the pedestal to obtain the proper standoff distance.

Suspend the charge at the proper height on pickets or tripods if the pedestal does not provide the

proper standoff distance.

Remove any obstruction in the cavity liner or between the charge and the target.

M1A2 BANGALORE TORPEDO DEMOLITION KIT

1-37. Each demolition kit (the demolition tool kit complete with explosives) (JP 1-02) consists of 10 tube

assemblies, 10 connecting sleeves, and 1 nose sleeve. The tube assemblies or torpedoes are steel tubes

5 feet long and 2 1/8 inches in diameter, grooved and capped at each end (Figure 1-7). The torpedoes have

a 4-inch composition A3 booster (1/2 pound each) at both ends of each 5-foot section. The main explosive

charge is 10 1/2 pounds of composition B4. The kit is packaged in a 60 3/4- by 13 3/4- by 4 9/16-inch

wooden box and weighs 211 pounds.

Figure 1-7. M1A2 or M1A3 Bangalore Torpedo

M1A3 BANGALORE TORPEDO DEMOLITION KIT

1-38. The M1A3 bangalore torpedo demolition kit is discussed below. Discussed are the characteristics,

uses, advantages, and limitations of the demolition kit.

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Military Explosives

CHARACTERISTICS

1-39. Each kit consists of

10 tube assemblies, connecting sleeves, and two nose sleeves. The tube

assemblies, or torpedoes, are steel tubes 2 1/2 feet long and 2 1/8 inches in diameter, grooved and capped at

each end (Figure 1-7). The torpedoes have a 4-inch composition A3 booster (1/2 pound each) at both ends

of each 2 1/2 foot section. The main explosive charge is 5 pounds of composition B4.

USES

1-40. The primary use of the torpedo is for clearing paths through wire obstacles and heavy undergrowth.

It will clear a 3- to 4-yard-wide path through wire obstacles.

DANGER

The bangalore torpedo may detonate a live mine when being

placed. To aid in preventing this, attach the nose sleeve to a

fabricated dummy section (about the same dimensions as a

single bangalore section), and place the dummy section onto the

front end of the torpedo. Failure to comply may cause death or

permanent injury.

ASSEMBLY

1-41. All sections of the torpedo have threaded cap wells at each end. To assemble two or more sections,

press a nose sleeve onto one end of one tube, and then connect successive tubes (using the connecting

sleeves provided) until you have the desired length. The connecting sleeves make rigid joints. The nose

sleeve allows the user to push the torpedo through entanglements and across the ground.

DANGER

Do not modify the bangalore torpedo. Cutting the bangalore or

making any other modification could cause the device to explode.

Failure to comply may cause death or permanent injury.

M4 SELECTABLE, LIGHTWEIGHT ATTACK MUNITION

1-42. The M4 selectable, lightweight attack munition (SLAM) is discussed below. Discussed are the

characteristics, uses, advantages, and limitations of the M4 SLAM.

CHARACTERISTICS

1-43. The M4 SLAM (Figure 1-8, page 1-14) (Table 1-4, page 1-14) is olive green in color with a black

liner and no labels, bands, or other distinguishing marks. When the M4 SLAM is employed, the operator

selects the operating mode and length of time that it will function to defeat selected targets using an

explosively formed penetrator (EFP) warhead. During bottom- and side-attack modes, the M4 SLAM will

self-destruct if the selected time expires before a vehicle detonates it. With the time demolition mode, the

M4 SLAM will detonate after the selected time delay has expired. Other versions of this munition are the

M2 and M3 special operations forces (SOF) SLAM. The M2 version will self-disarm and will go into dud

status (cannot be rearmed). The M3 version can only be initiated by command detonating the unit. The

packaging protects the M4 SLAM so it will function with no degradation attributable to packaging after up

to 2 years with outside, unprotected, uncontrolled storage, and 20 years protected controlled storage. No

new or unique storage facilities are anticipated for the M4 SLAM munition. Individual M4 SLAMs are

contained in their own reusable environmental protective packs (REPPs) that consist of two-piece plastic

containers consisting of a top and bottom half held together with four clips. There are eight REPPs, eight

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1-13

Chapter 1

carrying straps, and eight leg straps in each PA19 container. The packaged ammunition is palletized on a

wooden pallet. The pallet consists of 2 PA19 containers per wire-bound box and 27 wire-bound boxes for a

total of 54 PA19 containers.

Figure 1-8. M4 SLAM

Table 1-4. M4 SLAM Characteristics

Pallet Dimensions

Length

45 1/2 in

Width

35 13/16 in

Height

43 15/16 in

Weight (loaded)

2,016 lb

M4 SLAM Weights and Dimensions

Weight

2.2 lb

Length

5.15 in

Width

3.5 in

Depth

2.15 in

USES

1-44. The M4 SLAM is a small antidisturbance and tamper resistant, multipurpose munition designed to be

portable, hand emplaced, and used against lightly armored infantry vehicles, parked aircraft, wheeled or

tracked support vehicles, and ammunition or petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) storage sites.

DANGER

Never approach the M4 SLAM for any reason. Once armed, the M4

SLAM will detonate. Failure to comply may cause death or

permanent injury.

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Military Explosives

DANGER

During live-fire training, an initiating system

(such as wire,

detonating cord, or shock tube) must be laid out to a safe location

away from the SLAM before arming the SLAM so that the SLAM

can be safely initiated in case of an electronic shutdown or a dud

(an explosive munition which has not been armed as intended or

which has failed to explode after being armed) (JP 1-02). Failure

to comply may cause death or permanent injury.

ADVANTAGES

1-45. The M4 SLAM can be used day or night and during all weather conditions. The four operating

modes include—

Bottom-attack mode. See Figure 1-9. The M4 SLAM has a built-in magnetic sensor that allows

it to be used as a magnetic-influenced munition against trucks or lightly armored vehicles. The

magnetic sensor is designed to trigger detonation when it senses a vehicle overpass. It can be

concealed along trails and roads where target vehicles operate and can be camouflaged using

light overburden, dry leaves, and grass without affecting EFP performance as long as debris does

not extend beyond the depth of the EFP cup level. The M4 SLAM self-destructs if the selected

time expires before a passing vehicle detonates the munition.

Figure 1-9. Bottom-Attack Mode

Side-attack mode. See Figure 1-10, page 1-16. The M4 SLAM is equipped with a passive

infrared (PIR) sensor specifically developed for the side-attack mode. The sensor detects trucks

and lightly armored vehicles by sensing a change in background temperatures when the vehicles

cross in front of the sensor port. The sensor is directional and aligned with the EFP. The M4

SLAM self-destructs if the selected time expires before being detonated by a passing vehicle.

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Chapter 1

Figure 1-10. Side-Attack Mode

Timed-detonation mode. See Figure 1-11. The M4 SLAM will detonate at the end of a selected

time delay. In this mode, the magnetic sensor and PIR sensor are not operable.

Figure 1-11. Timed-Demolition Mode

Command-detonation mode. The command-denotation mode (Figure 1-12) provides manual

warhead initiation using M6, M7, or MDI blasting caps and boosters with a M1A4 priming

adapter. This capability bypasses the M4 SLAM fuze (a device which initiates an explosive

train) (FM 1-02) and safe-and-arm (S&A) assembly.

Figure 1-12. Command-Detonation Mode

1-46. The M4 SLAM has the following two secondary operating features:

Antidisturbance. The M4 SLAM will detonate if it is moved or handled after arming.

Antidisturbance is active for the bottom- and side-attack modes only.

Antitamper. The M4 SLAM will detonate if any attempt is made to change the selector switch

after arming. This mode is active for the bottom- and side-attack modes only.

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Military Explosives

LIMITATIONS

1-47. The M4 SLAM warhead performance may be affected by heavy overburden. If the M4 SLAM needs

to be hidden from view, a light layer of grass or leaves can be used to cover it. To defeat the target, the EFP

needs a minimum of 5 inches from the point of emplacement to the target to form properly.

M300 FIGHTING POSITION EXCAVATOR AND M301 FIGHTING

POSITION EXCAVATOR RELOAD KIT

1-48. The M300 FPE and M301 FPE reload kit are discussed below. Discussed are the characteristics,

uses, and emplacement of the M300 FPE and M301 FPE reload kit.

CHARACTERISTICS

1-49. Each M300 FPE kit (Figure 1-13) comes in a canvas carrying bag and contains a four-piece bucket

auger, an empty sandbag, two binary explosive containers (each with a booster assembly permanently

installed), a blasting cap assembly with an M9 holder attached, and an M81 fuse igniter. The binary charges

consist of two nonexplosive components that must be mixed together to form an explosive compound. The

booster assemblies that prime the charges consist of a booster (containing only secondary explosive),

crimped to a length of low-strength detonating cord (a waterproof, flexible fabric tube containing a HE

designed to transmit the detonation wave) (JP 1-02) to allow charge emplacement belowground. The

blasting cap assembly consists of a military-type blasting cap crimped to a 25-meter length of shock tube.

The auger is used to dig holes for emplacing the charges and for measuring hole depth and separation. The

M301 FPE reload kit provides additional explosives and sandbags for creating two additional two-man

fighting positions. It is packaged in the same FPE canvas carrying bag. The operator must use the auger

from an FPE kit to dig holes for emplacing the explosive charges of the reload kit.

Figure 1-13. M300 FPE Kit

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1-17

Chapter 1

USES

1-50. The FPE system is used to loosen the soil. The time it takes to dig a two-man fighting position is

reduced by the FPE system.

EMPLACEMENT

1-51. The dimensions of a two-man fighting position (6 feet by 2 feet) are laid out on the ground. A bucket

auger should be used to dig a hole one foot in from the end of the outline. The length of the bucket auger is

used as a measuring device. When the handle of the auger is 1 to 2 inches above the ground hole, the depth

is about 40 inches. The length of the bucket auger is used to measure the distance to a second hole location.

A second hole is dug to the same depth as the first.

1-52. The protective cap is then unscrewed and removed from the end of the liquid tube. The liquid tube

should be unscrewed and separated from the powder tube. The liquid tube should be held in one hand with

the seal facing up to prevent spillage of the liquid component during assembly. The sealed end of the

powder tube should be aligned over the liquid tube, then the two tubes should be screwed together. The

tubes should be securely seated and the explosive container shook vigorously for one minute to ensure

thorough mixing. After unwinding the length of the low-strength detonating cord from the spool on the

powder containers, one container is lowered into each hole while the low-strength detonating cord is held

out of the hole. The charges should be tamped with loose dirt.

1-53. Low-strength detonating cord is connected to the blasting cap assembly using the M9 holder attached

to the blasting cap. The low-strength detonating cord is spread between the primed charge and the M9

holder of the transmission line. Avoid conditions where cords are running alongside or twisted with other

cord to minimize crossover of any low-strength detonating cord.

1-54. The shock tube is run to a sheltered position about 25 meters from the buried charges. A square cut is

made at the end of the shock tube assembly and an M81 fuse igniter is attached. The safety pin is removed

from the M81 and the pull ring is pulled sharply to initiate the explosive train.

SECTION III - DEMOLITION ACCESSORIES

M700 TIME-BLASTING FUSE

1-55. A time-blasting fuse transmits a delayed spit of flame to a nonelectric blasting cap. The delay allows

a Soldier to initiate a charge and get to a safe distance before the explosion. The two types of fuses are the

M700 time fuse and the safety fuse. Except for SOF, the M14 and M18 modernized demolition initiator

(MDI) will replace the M700 time fuse. The M700 time fuse is a dark green cord, 0.2 inch in diameter, with

a plastic cover (Figure 1-14). It burns at a rate of 40 seconds per foot. However, test the burning rate as

outlined in Chapter 2. Depending on the date of manufacture, the cover may be smooth or have single

yellow bands around the outside at 12- or 18-inch intervals and double yellow bands at 60- or 90-inch

intervals. These bands accommodate hasty measuring. The outside covering becomes brittle and cracks

easily in arctic temperatures. The M700 time fuse is packaged in 50-foot coils, two coils per package, five

packages per sealed container, and eight containers (4,000 feet) per wooden box (30 1/8 by 15 1/8 by

14 7/8 inches). The total package weighs 94 pounds.

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Military Explosives

Figure 1-14. M700 Time Fuse

DETONATING CORD

1-56. The American, British, Canadian, and Australian

(ABCA) standardization program recognizes

Type 1 detonating cord as the standard detonating cord. The paragraphs below discuss the characteristics,

uses, and precautions of detonating cord.

CHARACTERISTICS

1-57. Detonating cord (Figure 1-15) consists of a core of HE (6.4 pounds of pentaerythrite tetranitrate

[PETN] per 1,000 feet) wrapped in a reinforced and waterproof, olive drab plastic coating. This detonating

cord is about 0.2 inch in diameter, weighs about 18 pounds per 1,000 feet, and has a breaking strength of

175 pounds. Detonating cord is functional in the same temperature range as plastic explosive, although the

cover becomes brittle at lower temperatures. Moisture can penetrate the explosive filling to a maximum

distance of 6 inches from any cut or break in the coating. Water-soaked detonating cord will detonate if

there is a dry end to allow initiation. A 6-inch tail should be left when making connections or when priming

charges.

Figure 1-15. Detonating Cord

USES

1-58. Detonating cord can be used to prime and detonate single or multiple explosive charges

simultaneously. Chapter 2 explains the use of detonating cord for these purposes.

11 July 2007

FM 3-34.214

1-19

Chapter 1

PRECAUTIONS

1-59. The end of the detonating cord is sealed with a waterproof sealant when used to fire (1. The

command given to discharge a weapon(s). 2. To detonate the main explosive charge by means of a firing

system) (JP 1-02) (FM 1-02) underwater charges or when charges are left in place several hours before

firing. If left for no longer than 24 hours, a 6-inch overlap will protect the remainder of the line from

moisture. Kinks, sharp bends in priming, or unintended crossovers should be avoided because they may

interrupt or change the direction of detonation and cause misfires.

Note. To avoid internal cracking, do not step on the detonating cord.

BLASTING CAPS

1-60. Blasting caps are for detonating HEs. The two types of blasting caps are electric and nonelectric.

They are designed for insertion into the cap wells and are the detonating element in certain firing systems

and devices. Blasting caps are rated in power according to the size of their main charge. Number 6 and 8

commercial blasting caps are for detonating sensitive explosives, such as commercial dynamite and tetryl.

Special military blasting caps (M6 electric and M7 nonelectric) ensure positive detonation of less sensitive

military explosives. Their main charge is about double that of commercial Number 8 blasting caps. Never

carry blasting caps loose or in uniform pockets where they are subject to shock. Properly separate the

blasting caps. Blasting caps should never be stored with other explosives. Blasting caps and other

explosives should not be carried in the same vehicle except in an emergency (see Chapter 6). See TM 43

0001-38 for additional information on blasting caps.

WARNING

Handle military and commercial blasting caps carefully; both are

extremely sensitive and may explode if handled improperly. Do

not tamper with blasting caps. Protect them from shock and

extreme heat. Failure to comply could result in immediate

personal injury or damage to equipment.

ELECTRIC

1-61. Electric blasting caps are used for command detonation or when a source of electricity (such as a

blasting machine or a battery) is available. Both military and commercial caps may be used. Military caps

(Figure 1-16) operate instantaneously. Commercial caps may operate instantaneously or have a delay

feature. The delay time of commercial caps for military applications ranges from 1 to 1.53 seconds. Electric

caps have lead wires of various lengths. The most common lead length is 12 feet. Electric caps require

1.5 amperes of power to initiate. The standard-issue cap is the M6 special electric blasting cap.

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FM 3-34.214

11 July 2007

Military Explosives

Figure 1-16. Electric Blasting Caps

NONELECTRIC

1-62. Nonelectric blasting caps are initiated with a time-blasting fuse, a firing device, or detonating cords

(Figure 1-17). Use of nonelectric blasting caps to prime underwater charges should be avoided because the

caps are hard to waterproof. If necessary, waterproof nonelectric blasting caps with a sealing compound.

The M7 nonelectric blasting cap is the standard issue. The open end of the M7 nonelectric blasting cap is

flared to allow easy insertion of detonating cord or a time fuse. TM 43-0001-38 gives additional

information on blasting caps.

Figure 1-17. Nonelectric Blasting Caps

BOOSTERS

1-63. A booster is similar in appearance to a blasting cap but contains no primary explosive. The secondary

explosive in the booster contains enough energy to initiate military explosives. Boosters are precrimped to

low-strength detonating cord on the M151- and the M152-MDI components (Figure 1-18, page 1-22). The

boosters provide a means to prime buried charges by following priming methods for standard military

explosives.

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FM 3-34.214

1-21

Chapter 1

Figure 1-18. Booster

NONELECTRIC BLASTING CAPS PRECRIMPED TO MODERNIZED

DEMOLITION INITIATOR COMPONENTS

1-64. The MDI system introduces precrimped blasting caps onto premature lengths of shock tube and time

fuse with an environmental seal at the other end. The MDI provides the following enhancements to

conducting demolition operations:

Provides a nonelectric means of command initiation that is not sensitive to effects of overhead

power transmission lines, static electricity, radio transmissions, or effects of electromagnetic

pulse (EMP).

Provides packaging configurations that permit transportation of precrimped MDI blasting caps

on one vehicle at a less stringent hazard classification than individual blasting caps.

Provides the user with a preset burn time in 1-minute increments, but allows the Soldier to

conduct a more accurate burn rate.

Eliminates blasting cap crimping operations.

Provides detonating cord clips or holders on shock tube items for making connections to either

branchlines or ring mains.

Provides splicing tubes on spooled shock tube items for making repairs.

Introduces low-strength detonating cord (5 to 7.5 grams of explosive per foot) with precrimped

boosters to provide a capability to preprime charges for emplacement aboveground or

belowground.

Eliminates electrical initiation devices and supporting equipment requirements from demolition

kits.

BLASTING CAP PROTECTORS

1-65. Foam cylinders should be installed onto the high-strength blasting cap or booster of an MDI

component after removal from original packaging. The protector cushions the blasting cap or booster if

inadvertently struck by a hard object during handling. Soon foam cylinders will be included as part of the

standard packaging for MDI high-strength blasting caps and boosters.

M1A4 PRIMING ADAPTER

1-66. An M1A4 is a plastic, hexagonal-shaped device, threaded to fit threaded cap wells. The shoulder

inside the threaded end will allow a time-blasting fuse and detonating cord to pass, but the shoulder is too

small to pass a military blasting cap. To accommodate electric blasting caps, the adapter has a lengthwise

slot that permits blasting cap lead wires to be installed into the adapter quickly and easily (Figure 1-19).

M1A5 PRIMING ADAPTER

1-67. An M1A5 is a plastic, hexagonal-shaped device, threaded to fit threaded cap wells. The shoulder

inside the threaded end will allow a time-blasting fuse, detonating cord, or shock tube to pass, but the

shoulder is too small to pass a military blasting cap. To accommodate electric blasting caps or shock tube,

the adapter has a lengthwise slot that permits blasting cap lead wires or a shock tube to be installed in the

adapter quickly and easily (Figure 1-19).

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FM 3-34.214

11 July 2007

Military Explosives

Figure 1-19. M1A4 and M1A5 Priming Adapters

M8 BLASTING CAP HOLDER

1-68. An M8 is a metal clip designed to attach a blasting cap to a sheet explosive (Figure 1-20). These clips

are supplied with M186 charges. The M8 is available as a separate-issue item in quantities of 4,000.

Figure 1-20. M8 Blasting Cap Holder

M1 DETONATING CORD CLIP

1-69. An M1 clip is a device for holding two strands of detonating cord together, either parallel or at right

angles (Figure 1-21, Diagram 1 [page 1-24]). Using these clips is faster and more efficient than using knots.

Knots, if left for extended periods, may loosen and fail to function properly.

BRANCHLINES

1-70. Detonating cord branchlines are connected by passing them through the trough of the M1 clip and

through the hole in the tongue of the clip. Next, the ring or line main should be placed into the tongue of

the clip so that it crosses over the branchline at a 90° angle, and the crossover is held secure by the tongue.

It may be necessary to bend or form the tongue while doing this (Figure 1-21, Diagram 2).

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FM 3-34.214

1-23

Chapter 1

SPLICES

1-71. The ends of the detonating cords are spliced by first overlapping them about 12 inches. Each loose

end is secured to the other cord by using a clip. The tongues of the clips are bent firmly over both strands.

The connection is made stronger by bending the trough end of the clip back over the tongue (Figure 1-21,

Diagram 3).

Figure 1-21. M1 Detonating Cord Clip

M1 ADHESIVE PASTE

1-72. M1 adhesive paste is a sticky, putty-like substance that is used to attach charges to flat, overhead, or

vertical surfaces. Adhesive paste is useful for holding charges while tying them in place or, under some

conditions, for holding the explosive to a target without ties. This paste does not adhere satisfactorily to

dirty, dusty, wet, or oily surfaces. M1 adhesive paste becomes useless when softened by water.

PRESSURE-SENSITIVE ADHESIVE TAPE

1-73. This tape is replacing the M1 adhesive paste. The tape has better holding properties and it is easily

and quickly applied. This tape is coated on both sides with pressure-sensitive adhesive and no solvent or

heat is required to apply. It is available in 2-inch-wide rolls, 72 yards long. This tape should be used to hold

charges effectively to dry, clean wood, steel, or concrete. This tape does not adhere to dirty, wet, oily, or

frozen surfaces.

WATERPROOF SEALING COMPOUND

1-74. This sealant is for waterproofing connections between time-blasting fuses or detonating cords and

nonelectric blasting caps. The sealing compound will not make a permanent waterproof seal. Since this

sealant is not permanent, underwater demolitions should be fired as soon as possible after placing them.

1-24

FM 3-34.214

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Military Explosives

M2 CAP CRIMPER

1-75. An M2 cap crimper (Figure 1-22) is used for squeezing the shell of a nonelectric blasting cap around

a time-blasting fuse, standard coupling base, or detonating cord. Crimp the shell securely to keep the fuse,

base, or cord from being pulled off but not so tightly that it interferes with the operation of the initiating

device. A stop on the handle helps to limit the amount of crimp applied. The M2 crimper forms a water-

resistant groove completely around the blasting cap. A sealing compound is applied to the crimped end of

the blasting cap to waterproof it. The cutting jaw, located on the leg, is shaped and sharpened for cutting

fuses and detonating cords. One leg of the handle is pointed for punching cap wells in explosive materials.

The other leg has a screwdriver end. Cap crimpers are made of a soft, nonsparking metal that conducts

electricity. Do not use cap crimpers as pliers because such use damages the crimping surface. The crimp

hole should be round (not elongated), and the cutting jaws should not be jagged. The cutting jaws should be

kept clean, and they should be used only for cutting fuses and detonating cords.

Figure 1-22. M2 Cap Crimper

M51 BLASTING CAP TEST SET

1-76. The paragraphs below discuss the M51 blasting cap test set. Discussed are the characteristics, uses,

and maintenance of the test set.

CHARACTERISTICS

1-77. The M51 is a self-contained unit with a magneto-type impulse generator, an indicator lamp, a handle

to activate the generator, and two binding posts for attaching firing leads. The test set is waterproof and

capable of operating at temperatures as low as 40°F (Figure 1-23, page 1-26).

11 July 2007

FM 3-34.214

1-25

Chapter 1

Figure 1-23. M51 Blasting Cap Test Set

USES

1-78. The continuity of the firing wire, blasting cap, and firing circuit (in land operations, an electrical

circuit and/or pyrotechnic loop designed to detonate connected charges from a firing point [the definition

was shortened, and the complete definition is printed in the glossary]) (JP 1-02) should be checked by

connecting the leads to the test set binding posts and then by depressing the handle sharply. If there is a

continuous (intact) circuit, even one created by a short circuit, the indicator lamp will flash. When the

circuit is open, the indicator lamp will not flash.

MAINTENANCE

1-79. The test set should be handled carefully and kept dry to ensure optimum use. Before using, ensure

that the test set is operating properly by using the following steps:

Step 1. Hold a piece of bare wire or the legs of the M2 crimpers across the binding posts.

Step 2. Depress the handle sharply while watching the indicator lamp (lamp should flash).

Step 3. Remove the bare wire or crimper legs from the binding posts.

Step 4. Depress the handle sharply while watching the indicator lamp (lamp should not flash).

Both tests should be performed to ensure that the test set is operating properly.

BLASTING MACHINES

1-80. Blasting machines provide the electric impulse needed to initiate electric blasting cap operations.

When operated, the M32, M34, and CD450-4J models use an alternator and a capacitor to energize the

circuit.

M34, 50-CAP BLASTING MACHINE

1-81. This small, lightweight machine produces adequate current to initiate 50 electrical caps that are

connected in a series (Figure 1-24). It has a black band around the base and a reinforced-steel actuating

handle. The M34 can be tested and operated using the following steps:

Step 1. Check the machine for proper operation. This is done by releasing the blasting machine

handle by rotating the retaining ring downward while pushing in on the handle (handle should

automatically spring outward from the body of the machine).

1-26

FM 3-34.214

11 July 2007

Military Explosives

Step 2. Activate the machine by depressing the handle rapidly three or four times until the neon

indicator lamp flashes.

Note. The lamp is located between the wire terminal posts and cannot be seen until it flashes,

since it is covered by green plastic.

Step 3. Insert the firing wire leads into the terminals by pushing down on each terminal post and

inserting the leads into the metal jaws.

Step 4. Hold the machine upright (terminals up) in either hand so that the plunger end of the

handle rests in the base of the palm and the fingers grasp the body of the machine. Make sure to

hold the machine correctly since the handles are easily broken.

Step 5. Squeeze the handle sharply several times until the charge fires (normally, no more than

three or four squeezes are required).

Figure 1-24. M34 Blasting Machine

CD450-4J BLASTING MACHINE

1-82. The CD450-4J blasting machine is discussed below. Discussed are the operational test and general

operating procedures for the machine.

Operational Test

1-83. An operational test should be conducted on the CD450-4J (Figure 1-25, page 1-28). This test should

be conducted as follows:

Step 1. Depress the charge switch and hold it down. The READY-TO-FIRE indicator should

light after 1 to 5 seconds and remain lit as long as the charge switch is held down.

Step 2. Continue holding the charge switch down until the READY-TO-FIRE indicator lights,

then wait at least 2 seconds and then depress the FIRE switch. Continue holding both switches

down for 3 seconds. Verify that the—

READY-TO-FIRE indicator remains lit for about 1/4 second after the FIRE switch is

depressed.

READY-TO-FIRE indicator is unlit after performing the step above.

Release both switches after observing the steps above. The blasting machine should be secured.

11 July 2007

FM 3-34.214

1-27

Chapter 1

Figure 1-25. CD450-4J Blasting Machine

General Operating Procedures

Note. In temperatures below 32°F, keep the CD450-4J warm until it is ready to use. During cold

temperatures, fresh batteries should be used with each use. The CD450-4J is not waterproof and

when wet will fail to operate.

1-84. General operating procedures should be conducted on the CD450-4J as follows:

Step 1. Perform the operational test before bringing the blasting machine into the blast area.

Step 2. Obtain the electric detonator (a device containing a sensitive explosive intended to

produce a detonation wave) (JP 1-02) firing recommendations from the detonator manufacturer.

Check the blasting circuit calculations before connecting to the blasting machine.

Step 3. Connect the detonator wires to the lead lines using a series or other circuits that are

recommended by the detonator manufacturer.

Step 4. Ensure that all personnel have moved to a safe location.

CAUTION

Keep the lead lines shunted during wiring of the electric detonators.

Personal injury or damage to equipment may result from long-term

failure to follow correct procedures.

Step 5. Check the electric detonator circuit continuity and resistance (including the lead lines)

using an approved ohmmeter.

Step 6. Shunt the lead lines after checking the circuits until the blast is ready to be initiated.

Step 7. Remove the shunted lead lines connection, and connect the wires to the terminals on the

blasting machine.

1-28

FM 3-34.214

11 July 2007

Military Explosives

DANGER

Keep your hands and body clear of the conductors. Contact with

electrical conductors could cause serious injury or death. Failure

to comply may cause death or permanent injury.

Step 8. Depress the CHARGE switch and hold it down. The READY-TO-FIRE indicator lights

up when the capacitor reaches 450 volts. Releasing the CHARGE switch will discharge the

capacitor within 3 seconds.

Step 9. Continue holding the CHARGE switch down until the READY-TO-FIRE indicator

lights up. Wait at least 2 seconds, and then firmly depress the FIRE switch. Continue holding

both switches down until the firing operation is complete.

Note. If the blasting machine should fail to fire, release both switches, disconnect and shunt the

lead lines, and notify personnel of the blast delay.

Step 10. Wait 3 seconds after the firing operation is complete, and then release both switches.

Step 11. Disconnect and shunt the lead lines.

Step 12. Secure the blasting machine.

FIRING WIRE AND REEL

1-85. The paragraphs below discuss the firing wire and reel. Discussed are the lengths and types of firing

wire and the use of the firing wire reel.

FIRING WIRE

1-86. Wire for firing electric charges is available in 200- and 500-foot coils. The two-conductor American

wire gauge (AWG) number 18 is a plastic- or rubber-covered wire available in 500-foot rolls. This wire is

wound on an RL39A reel unit. The single-conductor, AWG number 20 annunciator wire is available in

200-foot coils and is used to make connections between blasting caps and firing wire. The WD1/telegraphic

transfer (TT) communication wire will also work, but it requires a greater power source if more than 500

feet is used. Blasting machines will not initiate the full-rated number of caps connected with more than 500

feet of WD1/TT wire. As a rule of thumb, 10 less caps than the rating of the machine should be used for

each additional 1,000 feet of WD1/TT wire employed.

FIRING WIRE REEL

1-87. The RL39A reel, with spool, accommodates 500 feet of wire. The reel has a handle assembly, a

crank, an axle, and two carrying straps (Figure 1-26, page 1-30). The fixed end of the wire extends from the

spool through a hole in the side of the drum and fastens to two brass thumb-out terminals. The carrying

handles are two U-shaped steel rods. A loop at each end encircles a bearing assembly to accommodate the

axle. The crank is riveted to one end of the axle, and a cotter pin holds the axle in place on the opposite

end.

11 July 2007

FM 3-34.214

1-29

Chapter 1

Figure 1-26. RL39A Firing Wire Reel

NONELECTRIC FIRING DEVICES

1-88. The paragraphs below discuss nonelectric firing devices. Discussed are the uses and functions of

M60 and M81 fuse igniters.

M60 FUSE IGNITER

1-89. This device is used for igniting a timed blasting fuse in all weather conditions, even underwater, if

properly waterproofed. The fuse is inserted through a rubber sealing grommet and into a split collet. This

procedure secures the fuse when the end cap on the igniter is tightened (Figure 1-27). With the safety pin

removed, pull the pull ring to release the striker assembly, and allow the firing pin to initiate the primer and

ignite the fuse. Chapter 2 gives detailed operating instructions for the M60 igniter.

WARNING

Never attach an M60 igniter to the M151, M152, or detonating

cord. Failure to comply could result in immediate personal injury

or damage to equipment.

1-30

FM 3-34.214

11 July 2007

Military Explosives

Figure 1-27. M60 Fuse Igniter

Note. The M60 fuse igniter will neither physically secure the shock tube nor reliably initiate it.

M81 FUSE IGNITER

1-90. The design and function of the M81 fuse igniter is similar to the M60 fuse igniter. The M81 has a

more energetic primer and has two protective plugs in the fuse holder cap (Figure 1-28, page 1-32). A hard-

plastic shipping plug keeps foreign material out of the primer and it should be removed before inserting the

shock tube into the igniter. The shock tube reducer helps secure the shock tube into the M81 igniter. Both

plugs should be removed before using the M81 with the M700 time fuse, M14, or M18 MDI components.

See Chapter 2 for the use of the M81 with MDI components.

WARNING

Never attach an M81 igniter to the M151, M152, or detonating

cord. Failure to comply could result in immediate personal injury

or damage to equipment.

11 July 2007

FM 3-34.214

1-31

Military Explosives

Table 1-5. Demolition Materials

Type

Item

Status

NSN

DODIC

Electric blasting

M6, special

Live

1375-00-028-5224

M130

caps

Electric cap

Inert

1375-00-621-8370

M098

Live

1375-00-028-5226

M131

Nonelectric

Live

1375-01-057-6439

M131

blasting caps

Nonelectric cap

Inert

1375-00-621-8362

M097

M1, flash-vented

Live

1377-00-219-8567

M842

M1A1, flash-vented

Live

1377-00-691-1075

M851

Electric squibs

M1, commercial

Live

1377-00-028-5205

M851

Squib, closed end

Live

1377-00-837-3337

M900

Detonator

M1, concussion

Live

1375-00-028-5173

M540

M1, pull

Live

Replaced by M142

ML03

M1A1, pressure

Live

Replaced by M142

ML03

M3, tension

Live

Replaced by M142

ML03

Firing devices,

M5, pressure-release

Live

1375-00-028-5190

M627

coupling bases,

and bodies

M142, multipurpose

Live

1375-01-040-1526

ML03

M122, device

Live

1375-01-021-0606

ML02

M1, delay

Live

1375-00-028-5175

M616

Coupling base

Live

1375-00-699-5236

M327

Destructor

M10, universal

Live

1375-00-028-5171

M241

M11

Live

1375-01-415-1232

ML47

M11, practice

Inert

1375-01-412-0160

MN36

M16

Live

1375-01-449-9601

MN39

M12

Live

1375-01-415-1230

MN02

M12, practice

Inert

1375-01-412-8813

MN35

M13

Live

1375-01-415-1231

MN03

M14

Live

1375-01-415-1233

MN06

Nonelectric

M14, practice

Inert

1375-01-411-6346

MN37

blasting caps

M15

Live

1375-01-415-1234

MN07

M15, practice

Inert

1375-01-411-6345

MN38

M18

Live

1375-01-449-9602

MN41

M19

Live

1375-01-494-6939

MN86

M20, practice

Inert

1375-01-494-6929

MN87

M21

Live

1375-01-494-6945

MN88

M22, practice

Inert

1375-01-494-6934

MN89

M23

Live

1375-01-494-6941

MN90

Boosters

M151

Live

1375-01-467-8646

MN68

M152

Live

1375-01-467-8685

MN69

11 July 2007

FM 3-34.214

1-33

Chapter 1

Table 1-5. Demolition Materials

Type

Item

Status

NSN

DODIC

M152, practice

Inert

1375-01-470-2399

MN75

Blasting cap and

Live

1375-01-415-1229

ML45

shock tube holder

Igniter

M81

Live

1375-01-415-1235

MN08

1/4 lb

Live

1375-00-926-9394

M030

TNT

1/2 lb

Live

1375-00-028-5140

M031

1 lb

Live

1375-00-028-5142

M032

M5A1

Live

1375-00-028-5148

M038

Composition C4

M112

Live

1375-00-724-7040

M023

Sheet explosives

M186

Live

1375-00-728-4108

M060

Dynamite

Live

1375-00-724-9613

M591

Cratering charge

40 lb

Live

1375-00-028-5145

M039

M2A4, 15 lb

Live

1375-00-028-5237

M420

Shaped charges

M3, 40 lb

Live

1375-00-088-6691

M421

40 lb

Live

1375-00-630-3074

M992

Demolition

M183

Live

1375-00-926-3985

M757

assemblies

M37

Live

1375-00-028-5245

M756

Bangalore

M1A2

Live

1375-00-926-1948

M028

torpedos

M1A3

Live

1375-01-528-7226

MP03

M157

Live

1375-00-729-4632

M444

M173

Live

1375-00-812-3972

M443

Projected charges

M58A2/4/5

Live

1375-01-133-4189

M913

demolition kits

M68A2

Inert

1375-01-125-6521

M914

MICLIC, rocket

Live

1340-01-118-2838

J143

M117, flash

Live

1370-00-028-5256

L598

Booby trap

M118, illuminating

Live

1370-00-028-5257

L599

simulators

M119, whistling

Live

1370-00-028-5255

L600

Hand grenade

Live

1370-00-752-8124

L601

M18, green

Live

1330-00-289-6851

G940

M18, yellow

Live

1370-00-289-6854

G945

Smoke grenades

M18, red

Live

1330-00-289-6852

G950

M18, violet

Live

1330-00-289-6853

G955

Demolition

M4, fuel thickener

Live

1365-00-926-4076

K917

accessories

M700, time fuse

Live

1375-00-028-5149

M670

Time fuse

Inert

1375-00-628-9033

M671

M60, fuse igniter

Live

1375-00-691-1671

M766

Detonating cord

Live

1375-00-965-0800

M456

1-34

FM 3-34.214

11 July 2007

Military Explosives

Table 1-7. DODIC Index for Demolition Materials

DODIC

Nomenclature

DODIC

Nomenclature

K001

Activator, AT mine, M1

K090

Mine, AP, M2

K002

Activator, AT mine, practice, M1

K091

Mine, AP, inert, M2

K003

Activator, AT mine, M2

K092

Mine, AP, M16

K004

Trip wire assembly, F/M16A2

K105

Mine, AP, practice, M8

K005

Intervalometer, 38/A

K120

Mine, AP, M3

K008

Firing device, AP mine, M57

K121

Mine, AP, M14

K009

Firing device, AP mine, XM123

K122

Mine, AP, practice, M17T34

K010

Burster, incendiary, M4

K139

Mine, AP, practice, M68

K013

Spool, AP mine

K140

Mine, AP, empty, M3

Dispense and mine, aircraft, practice,

K015

K141

Mine, AP, M18

M132

Dispense and mine, aircraft, training,

K016

K143

Mine, AP, M18

M133

K018

Can, crew-trained, M133

K144

Mine, AP, inert, M18

K020

Dispense and mine, aircraft, M56

K145

Mine, AP, M18A1

K021

Intervalometer, system, F/M47

K146

Mine, AP, M26

K027

Chg, mine ejection

K150

Mine, AP, inert, M16

K028

Chg, mine ejection

K151

GEMSS, AP, M74

K030

Primer igniter, AP mine, fuse, M10A1

K170

Mine, AT, M7

K031

Primer igniter, AP mine, fuse, M10A2

K250

Mine, AT, M19

K040

Chg, spotting, AP mine, M8

K917

Thickener, fuel

K041

Chg, spotting, AP mine, M8A1

M001

Adapter, priming, plastic, M1A3 (round)

K050

Fuse, AT mine, M603

M002

Adapter, priming, plastic, M1A4 (hex)

K051

Fuse, AT mine, M604

M020

Chg, shaped, RDX, 0.062 lb

K054

Fuse, AP mine, combination, M7A1

M022

Chg, shaped, PETN, 827 lb

K055

Fuse, AP mine, combination, M10A1

M023

Chg, block, composition C4, 1.25 lb

K056

Fuse, AP mine, combination, M10A2

M024

Chg, block, PETN or RDX, 2 lb

Chg, composition C4, HE, M58 or

K058

Fuse, AP mine, combination, M605

M025

M58A1, 2,000 lb

K060

Fuse, AT mine, M619

M026

Kit, demolition, bangalore torpedo, M1A1

K061

Fuse, AT mine, XM608

M027

Chg, block, practice, MK37-0

K062

Fuse, mine FMU-30/B

M028

Kit, demolition, lin, PETN, 0.75 lb

K063

Fuse, mine, inert, FMU-30/B

M029

Chg, flex, lin, PETN, 0.75 lb

K064

Fuse, AT mine, M616

M030

Chg, block, TNT, 0.25 lb

K065

Fuse, AT mine, M606

M031

Chg, block, TNT, 0.5 lb

K066

Fuse, AT mine, dispense, M56

M032

Chg, block, TNT, 1 lb

K067

Fuse, F/M 21

M034

Chg, block, TNT, 8 lb

11 July 2007

FM 3-34.214

1-37

Chapter 1

Table 1-7. DODIC Index for Demolition Materials

DODIC

Nomenclature

DODIC

Nomenclature

M035

Chg, chain, TNT, 20 lb

M107

Cap, SP electric, 3.7-sec delay

M036

Chg, chain, TNT, 2.5 lb

M108

Cap, SP electric, 4.5-sec delay

M037

Chg, block, C2, 2.25 lb

M109

Cap, SP electric, instantaneous

M038

Chg, block, composition C4, 2.25 lb

M110

Cap, electric, high-strength

Cap, electric, nonsubmersible, practice,

M039

Chg, block, cratering, 40 lb

M112

M10

M040

Chg, block, TNT, 55 lb

M118

Cap, SP electric, 6.4-sec delay

M041

Chg, block, C2, 0.5 lb

M120

Cap, electric, No. 8

M043

Chg, block, TNT, 49 lb

M125

Cap, electric, No. 8, 2d delay

M044

Chg, block or shaped, HDX 1, 12 lb

M126

Cap, electric, No. 8, 3d delay

Chg, flex, lin, composition A, MK8-3,

M046

M127

Cap, electric, No. 8, 4th delay

50 lb

M048

Chg, block, C2, 2.5 lb

M128

Cap, SP electric, 7.6-sec delay

Chg, lin, practice, M68 or M68A1,

M051

M129

Cap, electric, SP strength

2,000 lb

M060

Chg, roll, PETN, M186, 25 lb

M130

Cap, SP electric, submersible, J2/M6

M065

Chg, block, H6, 4 lb

M131

Cap, nonelectric, nonsubmersible, M7

M078

Cap, electric, nonsubmersible, M4

M138

Cap, electric, nonsubmersible

M080

Chg, flex, lin, practice, PETN, 0.007 lb

M153

Cap, electric, nonsubmersible

M081

Chg, flex, lin, PETN, 14 oz

M236

Destructor, explosive, PETN

M082

Chg, flex, lin, PETN, 22 oz

M240

Destructor, explosive, PETN

M083

Chg, flex, lin, PETN, 28 oz

M241

Destructor, explosive, universal, M10

M084

Chg, flex, lin, PETN, 36 oz

M327

Base, coupling, with primer

M085

Chg, flex, lin, PETN, 43 oz

M328

Base, coupling, without primer

M086

Chg, flex, lin, PETN, 50 oz

M405

Chg, propelling, earth rod, M112

M087

Chg, flex, lin, PETN, 57 oz

M418

Chg, shaped, RDX, MK47-0, 1.5 lb

Chg, shaped, composition B,

M091

Cap, SP electric,10-sec delay

M420

M2A4/M2A3E1, 15 lb

M092

Cap, SP electric, 11.2-sec delay

M421

Chg, shaped, composition B, M3A2, 40 lb

M093

Cap, SP electric, 12.5-sec delay

M431

Chg, rigid, lin, Amatol, 35 lb

M094

Cap, SP electric, 14-sec delay

M442

Kit, demolition, practice, M174

M095

Cap, SP electric, 15.6-sec delay

M443

Kit, demolition, projected chg, M173

M097

Cap, nonelectric, practice

M444

Kit, demolition, projected chg, M157

M098

Cap, electric, inert

M446

Kit, demolition, projected chg, M1

M101

Cap, SP electric, 0.8-sec delay

M455

Cord, detonating, Primacord®, PETN

M102

Cap, SP electric, 1.4-sec delay

M456

Cord, detonating, reinforced, waterproof

M103

Cap, SP electric, 2.2-sec delay

M457

Cord, detonating, PETN

M104

Cap, SP electric, 2.9-sec delay

M458

Cord, detonating, inert

1-38

FM 3-34.214

11 July 2007

Military Explosives

Table 1-7. DODIC Index for Demolition Materials

DODIC

Nomenclature

DODIC

Nomenclature

M466

Detonating, percussion, MK2

M627

Device, firing, steel

M482

Chg, steel

M630

Device, firing, pull-type, M1

M483

Chg, controlled, steel

M631

Device, firing, pressure-release, M1

M485

Cutter, HE, 1-in jaw

M632

Device, firing, zinc

M486

Cutter, HE, 2-in jaw

M635

Device, firing, pull-type, M1

M540

Kit, detonator, percussion, M1

M637

Device, firing, zinc

M559

Kit, demolition, M175

M639

Device, firing, pressure-release, M5

M587

Dynamite, nitroglycerin

M641

Device, firing, tension-release

M591

Dynamite, military, M1

M643

Device, firing, tension-release

M598

Destroyer, crypto equip, M1A2

M644

Device, firing, aluminum

Destroyer, crypto equip, incendiary,

M600

M650

Device, firing, aluminum

M2A1

Destroyer, crypto equip, incendiary,

M601

M670

Fuse, timed, M700

M1A2, TH1

Destroyer, document, emergency,

M605

M671

Fuze, timed, inert

incendiary, M1A2, TH4

M606

Destroyer, crypto equip, M1A2, TH4

M680

Cylinder, ignition, flame thrower, M1

M607

Destroyer, crypto equip, M2A1

M745

Kit, conversion, depth chg

M608

Destroyer, crypto equip, TH4

M756

Assembly, chg, M37, 20 lb

M609

Destroyer, crypto equip, M2A1, TH4

M757

Assembly, chg, composition C4, M183

M610

Destroyer, file, incendiary, ABC-M4

M767

Igniter, fuse, timed, practice, XM77

Chg, shaped, practice, inert, MK37-1,

M611

Destroyer, file, incendiary, ABC-M4

M784

7 lb

Assembly, composition C2 or C3,

M612

Destroyer, incendiary, TH3

M790

MK127-0, 20 lb

M615

Igniter, document destroyer, M25

M791

Assembly, tetrytol, MK133-0, 20 lb

Assembly, block, composition C4,

M616

Device, firing, M1, 6- to 14-min delay

M792

MK138-0, 20 lb

M617

Set, device, firing, M1

M810

Primer, percussion, improved, No. 3

M619

Device, firing, M1, 12- to 32-min delay

M814

Destroyer, document, 55 gal, M4

M620

Device, firing, M1, 45- to 115-min delay

M820

Kit, explosive, earth rod, No. 1

M622

Device, firing, M1, 210- to 570-min delay

M821

Kit, explosive, foxhole digger

Device, firing, M1, 610- to 1,130-min

Chg, shaped, composition H6, MK741,

M623

M832

delay

1.5 lb

Chg, shaped, practice, inert, MK74-0,

M624

Device, firing, brass

M833

1.3 lb

M625

Device, firing, zinc

M836

Cap, electric, dry, instantaneous

M626

Device, firing, zinc

M855

Cap, electric, dry, 0.5-sec delay

M910

Igniter, primer and base, XM110

ML10

Chg, shaped, flex, lin, 30 gr/ft

11 July 2007

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1-39

Chapter 1

Table 1-7. DODIC Index for Demolition Materials

DODIC

Nomenclature

DODIC

Nomenclature

Chg, flex, lin, composition C4, M58A1,

M913

ML11

Chg, shaped, flex, lin, 40 gr/ft

2,000 lb

M914

Chg, lin, practice, M68A1, 2,000 lb

ML12

Chg, shaped, flex, lin, 60 gr/ft

Chg, shaped, practice, inert, MK47-0,

M916

ML13

Chg, shaped, flex, lin, 75 gr/ft

1.5 lb

M936

Chg, block, inert, 0.25 lb

ML14

Chg, shaped, flex, lin, 125 gr/ft

Chg, shaped, composition H6, MK470,

M957

ML15

Chg, shaped, flex, lin, 225 gr/ft

1.13 lb

M974

Cap, electric, submersible

ML16

Chg, shaped, flex, lin, 300 gr/ft

M975

Fuze, crypto equip, M210, 0.7-sec delay

ML17

Chg, shaped, flex, lin, 400 gr/ft

M976

Chg, block, composition H6, 4 lb

ML18

Chg, shaped, flex, lin, 500 gr/ft

M977

Cord, detonating, PETN

ML19

Chg, shaped, flex, lin, 600 gr/ft

M980

Chg, roll, PETN, 20 lb

ML23

Cap, bridge wire, X175E

M981

Chg, roll, PETN, 20 lb

ML25

Chg, flex, lin, M59

M982

Chg, roll, PETN, 20 lb

ML26

Chg, lin, practice, M69

M983

Chg, roll, PETN, 20 lb

ML27

Detonator, percussion, MK53

M984

Chg, roll, PETN, 20 lb, M766

ML32

Primer, percussion, M27

M986

Chg, roll, PETN, 20 lb

ML36

Kit, fuse, inert, M1147

M987

Chg, block, composition C4, 2 lb

ML37

Kit, fuse, live, M1133

M988

Chg, block, composition C4, 0.5 lb

ML45

Blasting cap and shock tube holder, M9

M989

Initiator, explosive

ML47

Cap, nonelectric, M11

M990

Detonator, flash

ML78

Chg, shaped, practice, MK47-0

M992

Chg, shaped, practice, inert, M3, 40 lb

ML82

Kit, fuse, live, M1134

M993

Chg, roll, PETN, 20 lb

MN02

Cap, blasting, nonelectric, M12

M994

Chg, roll, PETN, 20 lb

MN03

Cap, blasting, nonelectric, M13

Chg, lin, composition H6, MK86-0,

M995

MN06

Cap, blasting, nonelectric, M14

0.002 kg

Chg, lin, composition H6, MK87-0,

M996

MN07

Cap, blasting, nonelectric, M15

0.013 kg

M997

Chg, lin, composition H6, MK88-0, 1 kg

MN08

Igniter, M81

Chg, rigid, lin, composition C3, MK89-0,

M998

MN39

Cap, nonelectric, M16

4 kg

ML03

Device, firing, plastic, M142

MN41

Cap, blasting, nonelectric, M18

ML04

Cutter, HE

MN68

Booster, demolition chg, M151

ML05

Cutter, HE

MN69

Booster, demolition chg, M152

ML07

Cap, electric, nonsubmersible

MN75

Booster, demolition chg, inert, M152

ML08

Kit demolition, XM268

MN86

Cap, nonelectric, dual mini, M19

ML09

Chg, shaped, flex, lin, 20 gr/ft

MN87

Cap, nonelectric, dual mini, inert, M20

MN88

Cap, nonelectric, mini, M21

MW84

Kit, demo, tubular SWS, MK75-0

1-40

FM 3-34.214

11 July 2007

Military Explosives

Table 1-7. DODIC Index for Demolition Materials

DODIC

Nomenclature

DODIC

Nomenclature

MN89

Cap, nonelectric, mini, inert, M22

MW85

Kit, accessory, demolition, MK29-0

MN90

Cap, nonelectric, mini, M23

MW86

Kit, firing device, MK48-0

MW02

Valve, explosive, electrically initiated

MW87

Kit, firing device, training, MK122-0

MW26

Cell, arming, MK1-8, 80-min delay

MX14

Kit, centering, cavity chg

MW27

Clip, detonating cord, M1

MY01

Clip, detonating cord, M1

MW28

Connector, plastic

MZ21

Cap, nonelectric, inert, 500 ft

MW29

Element, delay, MK19/0

MZ22

Cap, nonelectric, inert, 30 ft

Kit, demo, bangalore torpedo, M1 or

MW30

MZ23

Cap, delay, nonelectric, inert

M1A1

MW31

Holder, detonator, MK2-0

MZ24

Cap, delay, nonelectric, inert, 70 ft

MW37

Driver, power-actuated, MK22-0

SS89

Chg, shock test, R/U725

MW38

Float, rigid, polyurethane

XW60

Kit, firing device, MK138-0

MW49

Connector, detonating cord, plastic

XW65

Chg, shock tube, R/U1260

MW52

Chg, sheet, MK57-0

XW66

Chg, shock test, R/U1259

MW53

Chg, sheet, MK56-0

XW67

Chg, shock test

MW56

Device, safety and arming, MK39-0

YW05

Kit, chg, training, MK75-0

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1-41

Chapter 2

Initiating Sets, Priming Methods, Firing Systems, and

Modernized Demolition Initiators

Explained in this chapter are the different types of initiating sets and how to prepare

them. Also discussed are the different methods for priming each explosive type and

how to set up demolition firing systems.

SECTION I - INITIATING SETS

CAUTION

See the safety procedures in Chapter

6 before undertaking any

demolition mission. Personal injury or damage to equipment may result

from long-term failure to follow correct procedures.

NONELECTRIC INITIATING SETS

2-1. A nonelectric system uses a nonelectric blasting cap as the initiator. The paragraphs below describe a

nonelectric system.

COMPONENTS ASSEMBLY

2-2. The initiating set consists of a fuse igniter (that produces the flame that lights the time-blasting fuse), a

time-blasting fuse (that transmits the flame that fires the blasting cap), and a nonelectric blasting cap (that

provides adequate shock to detonate the explosive) (Figure 2-1). For MDI components and the preparation

sequence, see Section IV of this chapter. When combined with detonating cord, a single-initiating set can

fire multiple charges.

Figure 2-1. Nonelectric Initiating Set

PREPARATION SEQUENCE

2-3. Preparing demolitions for nonelectric initiation follows specified processes. These processes are

discussed below.

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2-1

Chapter 2

Check the Time Fuse

2-4. Every coil of fuse, or remnant of a coil, is tested using the burning rate test before use. One test per

day per coil is enough. The first and last 6 inches of a coil is never used because moisture may have

penetrated the coil to this length. An M2 crimper is used to cut and discard a 6-inch length from the

working end of the fuse (Figure 2-2). A 3-foot length of fuse is cut to check the burning rate. The fuse is

ignited and the time it takes for the fuse to burn is noted. The burning rate per foot is computed by dividing

the burn time (in seconds) by the length (in feet). Another test is performed to verify the results if the test

burn does not fall within 5 seconds of a 40-second-per-foot burn rate. The coil is placed in the foil packet

and marked with its corresponding burn rate once the burn rate is calculated.

DANGER

Test-burn a 3-foot length of time-blasting fuse to determine the

exact burn rate before use. Failure to comply may cause death or

permanent injury.

Figure 2-2. Cutting a Time Fuse

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Initiating Sets, Priming Methods, Firing Systems, and Modernized Demolition Initiators

Prepare the Time Fuse

2-5. The fuse is cut long enough to allow the person detonating the charge to reach safety (walking at a

normal pace) before the explosion. This distance is walked and timed before cutting the fuse to length. The

formula for determining the length of time fuse required is—

Time required (min) x 60 (sec/min)

= Fuse length (ft)

Burning rate (sec/ft)

Make the Cut Squarely Across the Fuse

2-6. The fuse should not be cut too far in advance since the fuse may absorb moisture into the open ends.

The time fuse should not be allowed to bend sharply because the black powder core may crack, resulting in

a misfire.

Attach the Fuse Igniter

2-7. Attach an M60 or M81 weatherproof fuse igniter by unscrewing the fuse holder cap two or three

turns, but do not remove the cap. The shipping plug is pressed into the igniter to release the split collar

(Figure 1-27, page 1-29). The plug and plastic shock tube holder is rotated and removed from the igniter.

The free end of the time fuse is inserted as far as possible into the space left by the removed shipping plug.

The holder cap is tightened to hold the fuse and weatherproofs the joint .

Install the Priming Adapter

2-8. The time fuse is placed through the adapter before installing (crimping) the blasting cap onto the fuse

when using a priming adapter to hold a nonelectric blasting cap. The adapter threads should be pointed to

the end of the time fuse that will receive the blasting cap.

Prepare the Blasting Cap

2-9. The blasting cap should be prepared by—

Inspecting. Hold the cap between your thumb and ring finger of one hand with the forefinger of

the same hand on the closed end of the blasting cap. Inspect the blasting cap by looking into the

open end (a yellow-colored ignition charge should be seen). Do the following if dirt or any

foreign matter is present:

Aim the open end of the cap at the palm of your second hand.

Gently bump the wrist of your hand holding the cap against the wrist of the other hand.

Do not use the cap if the foreign matter does not dislodge.

Placing and crimping. Use the following procedures to attach a nonelectric blasting cap to the

time fuse or the detonating cord:

Hold the time-blasting fuse vertically with the square-cut end up. Slip the blasting cap

gently down over the fuse so the flash charge in the cap touches the fuse.

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2-3

Chapter 2

CAUTION

If the charge in the cap is not in contact with the fuse, the fuse may not

ignite the cap (misfire). Never force a time fuse into a blasting cap (for

example, by twisting). If the fuse end is flat or too large to enter the

blasting cap freely, roll the fuse between your thumb and fingers until it

will freely enter the cap. A rough, jagged-cut fuse inserted in a blasting

cap can cause a misfire. If the cutting jaws of the M2 crimper are

unserviceable, use a sharp, nonsparking knife to cut the fuse. When

using a knife to cut the fuse squarely, cut the fuse against a solid,

nonsparking surface such as wood. Personal injury or damage to

equipment may result from long-term failure to follow correct

procedures.

Grasp the fuse with your thumb and ring finger while applying slight pressure with your

forefinger on the closed end of the cap.

Use the opposite hand to grasp the crimpers. Place the crimping jaws around the cap at a

point 1/8 to 1/4 inch from the open end. Ensure that your thumb and ring finger that hold

the fuse is below the crimpers. Rest the second finger of your hand holding the fuse on top

of the crimpers to prevent the crimpers from sliding up the cap (Figure 2-3, page 2-4).

Extend both arms straight out while rotating the hands so that the closed end of the blasting

cap is pointing away from your body and away from other personnel.

Tilt your head downward and crimp the blasting cap by firmly squeezing the M2 crimper

handles together. Inspect the crimp when finished.

Figure 2-3. Crimping a Blasting Cap Onto a Fuse

Note. Attach the M60 or M81 fuse igniter to the time fuse before crimping a blasting cap to the

opposite end. Do not remove the safety pin until the charge is ready to be detonated.

WARNING

To avoid cap detonation, crimp blasting caps 1/8 to 1/4 inch from

the open end of the cap. Failure to comply could result in

immediate personal injury or damage to equipment.

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Initiating Sets, Priming Methods, Firing Systems, and Modernized Demolition Initiators

Note. Protect the joint between the cap and the time-blasting fuse with a coat of sealing

compound or a similar substance if the blasting cap is to remain in place several days before

firing. This sealing compound does not make a waterproof seal; therefore, fire submerged

charges immediately. See Chapter 6, Section II, for procedures on handling nonelectric misfires.

FUSE INITIATION

2-10. To fire the assembly, hold the M60 or M81 igniter in one hand and then remove the safety pin with

the other. While grasping the pull ring, give it a quick, hard pull. In the event of a misfire, reset the M60 or

M81 by pushing the plunger all the way in (for the M60 only, rotate it left or right 180°), and attempt to fire

as before.

CAUTION

Never initiate a fuse igniter underwater. Personal injury or damage to

equipment may result from long-term failure to follow the correct

procedures.

2-11. If a fuse igniter is not available, light the time-blasting fuse with a match. The fuse is split at the end

(Figure 2-4) and the head of an unlit match is placed in the powder train. The inserted match head is lighted

with a flaming match or rubbed against the abrasive on the matchbox. It may be necessary to use two match

heads during windy conditions.

Figure 2-4. Lighting a Time Fuse With a Match

COMPONENTS ASSEMBLY

2-12. An electric system uses an electric blasting cap as the explosion initiator. The initiating set consists

of an electric blasting cap, the firing wire, and a blasting machine (Figure 2-5, page 2-6). An electric

impulse (usually provided by a blasting machine) travels through the firing wire and blasting cap leads,

detonating the blasting cap, which initiates the explosion. Radio waves can also detonate electric blasting

caps. Therefore, observe the minimum safe distances listed in the tables in Chapter 6 at all times. A single-

initiating set can be used to initiate the detonating cord or multiple charges. TM 9-1375-213-34&P provides

detailed information about electric blasting equipment.

11 July 2007

FM 3-34.214

2-5

Chapter 2

Figure 2-5. Electric Initiating Set

CIRCUIT INITIATION

2-13. At this point, the initiating set is complete. The blasting machine should not be connected until all

personnel are accounted for and clearance is received to fire the demolition. When all personnel are clear,

“fire in the hole” is called three times, then the blasting machine is installed and demolition is initiated.

Chapter 6 covers the procedures for electric misfires.

ELECTRIC WIRE SPLICING

2-14. The paragraphs below discuss electric wire splicing. Explained is the preparation, method, and

precautions for electric wire splicing.

Preparation

2-15. Before splicing, strip the insulating material from the end of the insulated wires. About 1 1/2 inches

of insulation should be removed from the end of each wire (Figure 2-6, step 1). Any coating on the wire

should be removed (such as enamel) by carefully scraping the wire with the back of a knife blade or other

suitable tool. The bare wire should not be nicked, cut, or weakened. After scraping, lightly twist multiple-

strand wires.

Figure 2-6. Western Union Pigtail Splice and Tension Knot

Method

2-16. Use the Western union pigtail splice (Figure 2-6) to splice two wires. The two pairs of wires are

spliced in the same way as the 2-wire splice (Figure 2-7). When splicing, use the following steps:

Step 1. Protect the splices from tension damage by tying the ends in an overhand or square knot

(tension knot), allowing enough length for each splice (Figure 2-6, step 2).

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11 July 2007

Initiating Sets, Priming Methods, Firing Systems, and Modernized Demolition Initiators

Step 2. Make three twists with each wire (Figure 2-6, step 3).

Step 3. Twist the ends together with an additional three turns (Figure 2-6, step 4).

Step 4. Flatten the splice, but not so far that the wire crimps itself and breaks (Figure 2-6,

step 5).

Figure 2-7. Two-Wire Splice

Precautions

2-17. A short circuit may occur at a splice if caution is not used. For example, when splicing pairs of wires,

stagger the splices and place a tie between them (Figure 2-7, Diagram 1). Another method of preventing a

short circuit in a splice is using the alternate method (Figure 2-7, Diagram 2). In the alternate method, the

splices are separated rather than stagger them. Splices are insulated from the ground or other conductors by

wrapping them with friction tape or electric insulating tape.

Note. Always insulate the splices.

SERIES CIRCUITS

2-18. The two types of series circuits include the common series circuit and the leapfrog series circuit

(Figure 2-8, page 2-8). A common series circuit is used to connect two or more electric blasting caps to a

single-firing wire. The leapfrog series method of connecting caps in a series is useful for firing any long

line of charges.

11 July 2007

FM 3-34.214

2-7

Chapter 2

Figure 2-8. Series Circuit

Common Series Circuit

2-19. The series circuit is prepared by connecting one blasting cap to another until only two lead wires are

free. Shunt the two lead wires until you are ready to proceed with the next step. The free ends of the cap

lead wires are connected to the ends of the firing wire. Connecting wires (usually an annunciator wire) are

used when the distance between the blasting caps is greater than the length of the usual cap lead wires.

Leapfrog Series Circuit

2-20. The leapfrog series method is performed by starting at one end of a row of charges and priming

alternate charges to the opposite end, and then priming the remaining charges on the return leg of the series.

This method eliminates the necessity for a long-return lead from the far end of the line of charges. See

Appendix E for additional information on series circuits. This circuit type is rarely needed since detonating

cord, when combined with a single blasting cap, will fire multiple charges.

ELECTRIC INITIATING SETS

2-21. See Appendix E for the power requirements for series firing circuits. The following steps are used to

make an electric initiating set:

Step 1. Test and maintain control of the blasting machine.

Test the blasting machine to ensure that it is operating properly (Chapter 1).

Control access to all blasting machines (responsibility of the supervisor).

Step 2. Test the M51 test set.

Check the M51 test set to ensure that it is operating properly (Chapter 1).

Perform both the open- and short-circuit tests.

Step 3. Test the firing wire on the reel (shunted and unshunted) (Figure 2-9).

Separate the firing wire leads at both ends, and connect the leads at one end to the posts of

the M51 test set. Squeeze the test set handle.

Note. The indicator lamp should not flash. If it does, the flash of the lamp indicates a short

circuit in the firing wire.

Shunt the wires at one end, and connect the leads from the other end to the posts of the M51

test set. Squeeze the test set handle.

2-8

FM 3-34.214

11 July 2007

Initiating Sets, Priming Methods, Firing Systems, and Modernized Demolition Initiators

Note. The indicator lamp should flash. If it does not, the failure of the lamp to light indicates a

break in the firing wire. At least three 180° twists should be used to shunt the wires.

Shunt both ends of the firing wire after testing.

Figure 2-9. Testing a Firing Wire on a Reel

Step 4. Lay out the firing wire.

Lay out the firing wire from the charges to the firing point after locating a firing point.

Ensure that this firing point is located a safe distance away from the charges (Chapter 6).

Bury the firing wire or lay it flat on the ground. Do not allow vehicles to drive over the

firing wire or personnel to walk on the firing wire.

Keep the firing wire as short as possible. Avoid creating any loops in the wire (lay it in as

straight a line as possible). Cut the firing wire to length, and ensure that it is shunted.

Step 5. Retest the firing wire (shunted and unshunted).

Perform the open- and close-circuit tests again. Ensure that the process of unreeling the

wire did not separate broken wires not found when the wire was tested on the reel.

Guard the firing position continually from this point on. Ensure that no one tampers with

the wires or fires the charges prematurely.

Use hand signals to indicate the test results.

11 July 2007

FM 3-34.214

2-9

Chapter 2

Note. Hand signals are necessary because of the distance involved between the charges and the

firing position. The Soldier testing the wire can give these signals directly to the Soldier at the

opposite end of the wire or, if they cannot see each other, through intermediate positions or over

the radio. The tester indicates to the assistant that he wants the far end of the firing wire

unshunted by extending both arms straight out at shoulder height. After unshunting the firing

wire, the assistant at the far end of the wire repeats the signal, indicating to the tester that his end

is unshunted. When the tester wants the far end of the firing wire shunted, he signals to the

assistant by clasping his hands together and extending his arms over his head, elbows bent,

forming a diamond shape. After shunting the firing wire, the assistant repeats the signal,

indicating to the tester that the wire is shunted.

Shunt both ends of the firing wire after completing the tests.

Step 6. Test the electric blasting caps.

Remove the cap from its spool. Place the cap in the palm of your hand with the lead wires

passing between your index and middle fingers.

Wrap the wire around the palm of your hand twice to prevent tension on the wires in the

cap and the cap from being dropped.

Grasp the wire spool with your free hand, and unreel the wire letting the wire pass between

your fingers while turning the spool. Unreel the cap wires completely from the cardboard

spool. Avoid allowing the wires to slip off the ends of the cardboard spool, since this will

cause excessive twists and kinks in the wires and prevent the wires from separating

properly.

Place the blasting cap under a sandbag or helmet while extending the wires to their full

length.

Test the blasting caps away from all other personnel. Keep your back to the blasting cap

when testing it.

Remove the short-circuit shunt from the lead wires.

Hold or attach one lead wire to one of the binding posts of the M51. Hold or attach the

second lead wire to the other binding post.

Squeeze the test set handle.

Note. The blasting cap is good if the indicator lamp flashes. If the lamp does not flash, the cap is

defective; do not use it.

Ensure that the cap wires are kept shunted when not testing them.

Step 7. Connect the series circuit (if used) using one of the series circuits shown in Figure 2-8,

page 2-8. Use the following procedures:

Test all blasting caps (step 6) separately, before connecting them in a circuit.

Join blasting-cap wires together using the Western union pigtail splice and tension knot

(Figure 2-6, page 2-6). Protect all joints in the circuit with electrical insulation tape. Do not

use the cardboard spool that comes with the blasting cap to insulate these connections.

Test the entire electrical cap circuit. Connect the two free blasting cap wires to the M51 test

set after the series is completed.

Note. The indicator lamp should flash to indicate a good circuit. If the lamp does not flash, check

the connections and blasting caps again.

Test the cap circuit, and then shunt the two free blasting cap wires until you are ready to

connect them to the firing wire.

Step 8. Connect the firing wire to the cap wire.

Connect the free leads of the blasting caps to the firing wire before priming the charges or

taping a blasting cap to a detonating cord ring main.

2-10

FM 3-34.214

11 July 2007

Initiating Sets, Priming Methods, Firing Systems, and Modernized Demolition Initiators

Use a Western union pigtail splice to connect the firing wire to the blasting cap wires.

Insulate the connections with tape. Never use the cardboard spool that comes with the

blasting cap to insulate this connection.

Note. The firing wire is likely to break when bent to fit into the spool.

Step 9. Test the entire firing circuit. Test the circuit from the firing point before priming the

charges with electric caps or connecting the blasting caps to the firing circuit. Use the following

procedures:

Ensure that the blasting caps are under protective sandbags while performing this test.

Connect the ends of the firing wire to the M51 test set.

Squeeze the test handle. The indicator lamp should flash, indicating a proper circuit.

Shunt the ends of the firing wire.

WARNING

Do not prime the charges with electric blasting caps or connect

electric blasting caps to the detonating cord until all other steps

of the preparation sequence are complete. Failure to comply

could result in immediate personal injury or damage to

equipment.

Step 10. Prime the charges. Prime the charges and return to the firing point. Perform this as the

last step before returning to the firing point and firing the circuit.

WARNING

Prime the charges with the minimum number of personnel on-

site. Failure to comply could result in immediate personal injury

or damage to equipment.

SECTION II - PRIMING SYSTEMS

PRIMING CHARGES

2-22. The four methods of priming charges are MDI, nonelectric, electric, and detonating cord. MDI,

nonelectric, and electric priming involves directly inserting blasting caps into the charges and MDI M151

and MDI M152 boosters into the charges. MDI M151, MDI M152, or detonating cord priming are the

preferred methods for priming all charges since it involves fewer blasting caps, makes priming and misfire

investigation safer, and allows charges to be primed at state of readiness—state 1 (safe) when in place on a

reserved demolition target (a target of known military interest identified for possible future demolition)

(JP 1-02) or mission.

Note. When priming with MDI, refer to Section IV of this chapter.

PRIMING TRINITROTOLUENE DEMOLITION BLOCKS

2-23. Nonelectric blasting caps, electric blasting caps, and detonating cord are used to prime TNT

demolition blocks. Each of these is discussed in the paragraphs below.

11 July 2007

FM 3-34.214

2-11

Chapter 2

NONELECTRIC BLASTING CAP

2-24. TNT blocks have threaded cap wells. If available, use priming adapters to secure nonelectric blasting

caps and timed blasting fuses to TNT blocks with threaded cap wells (Figure 2-10). When priming adapters

are not available, prime TNT blocks with threaded cap wells using the following steps:

Step 1. Wrap a string tightly around the block of TNT. Tie it securely, leaving about 6 inches of

loose string on each end (Figure 2-11).

Step 2. Insert a blasting cap with the fuse attached into the cap well.

Step 3. Tie the loose ends of the string around the fuse to prevent the blasting cap from being

separated from the block. Adhesive tape can also effectively secure blasting caps in charges

(Figure 2-11).

Figure 2-10. Nonelectric Priming With an Adapter

Figure 2-11. Nonelectric Priming Without an Adaptor

ELECTRIC BLASTING CAP

2-25. Electric blasting caps can be used with priming adapters or without priming adapters. The use of

these adapters is discussed in the paragraphs below.

With a Priming Adapter

2-26. The following steps is used for priming a TNT block when using the priming adapter:

Step 1. Prepare the electric initiating set before priming.

2-12

FM 3-34.214

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Initiating Sets, Priming Methods, Firing Systems, and Modernized Demolition Initiators

Step 2. Pass the lead wires through the slot of the adapter, and pull the cap into place in the

adapter (Figure 2-12). Ensure that the blasting cap protrudes from the threaded end of the

adapter.

Step 3. Insert the blasting cap into the threaded cap well of the TNT block, and screw the

adapter into place.

Figure 2-12. Electric Priming With an Adapter

Without a Priming Adapter

2-27. The following steps are used if a priming adapter is not available:

Step 1. Prepare the electric initiating set before priming.

Step 2. Insert the electric blasting cap into the cap well. Tie the lead wires around the block,

using two half hitches (Figure 2-13). Allow some slack in the wires between the blasting cap and

the tie to prevent any tension on the blasting cap lead wires.

Figure 2-13. Electric Priming Without an Adapter

DETONATING CORD

2-28. The following methods are used to prime TNT blocks with detonating cord (Figure 2-14, page 2-14):

Common method. Lay one end (1-foot length) of detonating cord at an angle across the

explosive. Wrap the running end around the block three turns, laying the wraps over the standing

end. On the fourth wrap, slip the running end under all wraps, parallel to the standing end, and

draw the wraps tight. Ensure that this forms a clove hitch with two extra turns.

Alternate method. Place a loop of detonating cord on the explosive, leaving enough length on

the end to make four turns around the block, and loop with the remaining end of the detonating

cord. Start the first wrap, and ensure that you immediately cross over the standing end of the

loop. Work your way to the closed end of the loop. Pass the free end of the detonating cord

through the loop, and pull it tight to form a knot around the outside of the block.

11 July 2007

FM 3-34.214

2-13

Chapter 2

Figure 2-14. Priming TNT With Detonating Cord

PRIMING M112 (COMPOSITION C4) DEMOLITION BLOCKS

2-29. When priming M112 (composition C4) demolition blocks, nonelectric and electric blasting caps and

detonating cord are used. Each of these is discussed in the paragraphs below.

NONELECTRIC AND ELECTRIC BLASTING CAPS

2-30. Composition C4 blocks do not have a cap well; therefore, one will have to be made. The following

steps are used to make a cap well:

Step 1. Use M2 crimpers or other nonsparking tools to make a hole in the end or on the side of

the block (at the midpoint) large enough to hold the blasting cap.

Step 2. Insert the blasting cap into the hole. Do not force the cap if the blasting cap does not fit

the hole or cut; make the hole larger.

Step 3. Anchor the blasting cap in the block by gently squeezing the plastic explosive around the

blasting cap.

DETONATING CORD

2-31. To prime plastic explosives with detonating cord, use the following steps:

Step 1. Form either an Uli knot, a double overhand knot, or a triple-roll knot as shown in

Figure 2-15.

Step 2. Cut an L-shaped portion of explosive, leaving it connected to the explosive. Ensure that

the space is large enough to insert the formed knot (Figure 2-16).

CAUTION

Use a sharp, nonsparking knife on a nonsparking surface to cut

explosives. Personal injury or damage to equipment may result from

long-term failure to follow correct procedures.

Step 3. Place the knot in the L-shaped cut.

Step 4. Push the explosive from the L-shaped cut over the knot. Ensure that there is at least

1/2 inch of explosive on all sides of the knot.

Step 5. Strengthen the primed area by wrapping it with tape.

2-14

FM 3-34.214

11 July 2007

Chapter 2

NONELECTRIC AND ELECTRIC BLASTING CAPS

2-33. One of the following methods can be used to prime M186 demolition charges (Figure 2-17):

Method 1. Attach an M8 blasting cap holder to the end or side of the sheet explosive. Insert an

electric or a nonelectric blasting cap into the holder until the end of the cap presses against the

sheet explosive.

Note. The M8 blasting cap holder has three slanted, protruding teeth, which prevent the clip

from withdrawing from the explosive. Two dimpled spring arms firmly hold the blasting cap in

the M8 holder.

Method 2. Cut a notch in the sheet explosive (about 1 1/2 inches long and 1/4 inch wide). Insert

the blasting cap to the limit of the notch. Secure the blasting cap with a strip of sheet explosive.

Method 3. Place 1 1/2 inches of the blasting cap on top of the sheet explosive, and secure it with

a strip of sheet explosive (at least 3 inches by 3 inches).

Note. When using sheet explosives to cut steel, Method 3 is the preferred method.

Method 4. Insert 1 1/2 inches of the blasting cap between two sheets of explosive.

Figure 2-17. Priming Sheet Explosives

DETONATING CORD

2-34. Sheet explosives can be primed with detonating cord using an Uli knot, double overhand knot, or

triple-roll knot. Insert the knot between two sheets of explosive, or place the knot on top of the sheet

explosive and secure it with a small strip of sheet explosive. The knot must be covered on all sides with at

least 1/2 inch of explosive.

PRIMING DYNAMITE

2-35. Dynamite can be primed at either end or side using either the nonelectric, electric, or detonating cord

priming method. These methods are discussed in the paragraphs below.

2-16

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11 July 2007

Initiating Sets, Priming Methods, Firing Systems, and Modernized Demolition Initiators

NONELECTRIC AND ELECTRIC PRIMING

2-36. There are three methods for priming dynamite nonelectrically and electrically. They are the—

End-priming method (Figure 2-18). Perform the end-priming as follows:

Step 1. Making a cap well in the end of the dynamite cartridge using M2 crimpers.

Step 2. Inserting a fused blasting cap into the cap well.

Steps 3 and 4. Tying the cap and fuse securely in the cartridge with a string.

Weatherproof, end-priming method (Figure 2-18). Perform the weatherproof, end-priming

method as follows:

Step 1. Unfolding the wrapping at the folded end of the dynamite cartridge and making a

cap well in the exposed dynamite using M2 crimpers.

Step 2. Inserting a fused blasting cap into the cap well.

Step 3. Closing the wrapping around the fuse and fastening the wrapping securely with

string or tape and applying a weatherproof sealing compound to the tie.

Figure 2-18. Nonelectric and Electric End-Priming of Dynamite

Side-priming method (Figure 2-19, page 2-18). Perform the side-priming method as follows:

Step 1. Making a cap well (about 1 1/2 inches long) into the side of the cartridge at one end

using M2 crimpers. Slightly slant the cap well so the blasting cap, when inserted, will be

nearly parallel to the side of the cartridge and the explosive end of the cap will be at a point

nearest the middle of the cartridge.

Step 2. Inserting a fused blasting cap into the cap well.

Step 3. Tying a string securely around the fuse, and then wrapping the string tightly around

the cartridge, making two or three turns before tying it.

Step 4. Weatherproofing the primed cartridge by wrapping a string closely around the

cartridge, extending it an inch or so on each side of the hole to cover it completely and

covering the string with a weatherproof sealing compound.

11 July 2007

FM 3-34.214

2-17

Chapter 2

Figure 2-19. Nonelectric and Electric Side-Priming of Dynamite

DETONATING CORD PRIMING

Detonating cord can be used to prime dynamite. Using the M2 crimpers (about 1 inch from either end of the

dynamite charge), four equally spaced holes should be punched through the dynamite cartridge (Figure 2-20).

The cartridge must be rotated 180˚ after punching each hole to keep the holes parallel. Detonating cord should

be laced through the holes in the same direction that the holes are punched. The dynamite will break if the loops

of the detonating cord are pulled too tightly. To secure the detonating cord tail, pass it between the detonating

cord lace and the dynamite charge.

Figure 2-20. Priming Dynamite With Detonating Cord

PRIMING 40-POUND, COMPOSITION H6 CRATERING CHARGES

2-37. The 40-pound, composition H6 cratering charge is primarily an underground charge; therefore, prime

it only with composition C4 primed with detonating cord. Use dual-priming to protect against misfires as

follows:

Step 1. Prime two packages of composition C4 (Figure 2-21, Diagram 4, page 2-20).

2-18

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11 July 2007

Initiating Sets, Priming Methods, Firing Systems, and Modernized Demolition Initiators

Step 2. Dual-prime a single cratering charge by placing the primed composition C4 packages

parallel to the cratering charge and on opposite sides of it and flush with the top. Firmly hold

them in place with duct tape. Instructions and markings on the canister indicate the exact

placement of the composition C4 (Figure 2-21, Diagram 2, page 2-20).

Step 3. Dual-prime two cratering charges by priming them in the same borehole. This requires

one primed composition C4 block on each of the cratering charges, parallel to the charges and

flush with the top. When placed in the borehole, the composition C4 blocks are placed on

opposite sides of the 40-pound charges (Figure 2-21, Diagram 4).

Step 4. Ensure that the detonation-cord branchlines (from the composition C4 block) are long

enough to reach the detonating-cord ring mains after the cratering charge is in the ground. To aid

in clearing possible misfires, place tape on the detonating cord from the cratering charge, 1 foot

up.

2-38. The composition H6 cratering charge replaced the 40-pound ammonium-nitrate cratering charge. If

an ammonium-nitrate cratering charge is drawn from an ammonium supply point (ASP), use the following

steps to prime it:

Step 1. Dual-prime a single cratering charge by placing the detonating cord into the detonating

cord tunnel. Tie an overhand knot with a 6-inch tail at either lower end of the length of the

detonating cord. Use a minimum of 1 pound of explosive when dual-priming a single cratering

charge. Prime the explosives with detonating cord and tape the charge to the center of the

cratering charge (Figure 2-21, Diagram 1).

Step 2. Dual-prime two cratering charges by priming only the detonating cord tunnels of each

charge when placing two charges in the same borehole. The borehole is dual-primed and extra

explosives as shown in Figure 2-21, Diagram 3.

Note. The borehole is dual-primed and extra explosives are not required.

11 July 2007

FM 3-34.214

2-19

Initiating Sets, Priming Methods, Firing Systems, and Modernized Demolition Initiators

CAUTION

Ammonium nitrate is hygroscopic and ineffective when wet. Therefore,

inspect the metal container for damage or rust. Do not use damaged or

rusty charges. Personal injury or damage to equipment may result from

long-term failure to follow correct procedures.

PRIMING M2A4 AND M3A1 SHAPED CHARGES

2-39. The M2A4 and M3A1 are primed with nonelectric or electric blasting caps. These charges have a

threaded cap well at the top of the cone and are primed with a blasting cap as shown in Figure 2-22, page

2-22. If a priming adapter is not available, use a piece of string, cloth, or tape to hold the cap.

Simultaneously, detonate multiple shaped charges to create a line of boreholes for cratering charges by

connecting each charge into a detonating cord ring or a line main. The detonating cord branchlines must be

of equal length for priming shaped charges when simultaneous detonation is required. The procedures for

priming shaped charges are listed below.

Note. Use the crimp, tie, prime (CTP) method for shaped charges.

WARNING

Do not dual-prime shaped charges. Prime them only with a

blasting cap in the threaded cap well. Failure to comply could

result in immediate personal injury or damage to equipment.

NONELECTRIC SHAPED CHARGE

2-40. Prime nonelectric shaped charges (Figure 2-22, page 2-22) as follows:

Step 1. Place a priming adapter (if using one) on the detonating cord, then crimp a nonelectric

blasting cap to a branchline.

Step 2. Connect the branchline to the ring main.

Step 3. Insert and secure the blasting cap into the threaded cap well of the shaped charge.

Step 4. Make all branchline connections before priming any shaped charges when detonating

multiple shaped charges.

ELECTRIC SHAPED CHARGES

2-41. Electric shaped charges are primed as follows:

Completing the initiating set and firing circuit as described in paragraph 2-21, page 2-8.

Priming the charge.

11 July 2007

FM 3-34.214

2-21

Chapter 2

Figure 2-22. Priming Shaped Charges

PRIMING M1A2 AND M1A3 BANGALORE TORPEDOES

2-42. Nonelectric and electric initiating sets are used when priming the M1A2 and M1A3 bangalore

torpedo. The paragraphs below describe the nonelectric and electric initiating sets, detonating cord, and

dual priming.

NONELECTRIC INITIATING SET

2-43. The blasting cap of a nonelectric initiating set is inserted directly into the cap well of a torpedo

section (Figure 2-23, Diagram 1). If a priming adapter is not available, use tape or string to hold the

blasting cap in place. When priming the bangalore with a nonelectric cap, use the CTP method.

ELECTRIC INITIATING SET

2-44. The blasting cap of an electric initiating set is inserted into the cap well of a torpedo section. If a

priming adapter is not available, hold the cap in place by taping or tying (with two half hitches) the lead

wires to the end of the torpedo. Allow some slack in the wires between the blasting cap and the tie to

prevent tension on the blasting cap leads, and a tension knot is used to join the firing wire to the cap wire

(Figure 2-23, Diagram 2).

2-22

FM 3-34.214

11 July 2007

Chapter 2

CAUTION

Exactly eight wraps should be used to prime the bangalore torpedo.

Too many wraps will extend the detonating cord past the booster

charge housing, possibly causing the bangalore torpedo to be cut

without detonating. Too few wraps may cause the bangalore torpedo

to crease without detonating. Personal injury or damage to equipment

may result from long-term failure to follow correct procedures.

SECTION III - DETONATING CORD FIRING SYSTEMS

USE DETONATING CORD FIRING SYSTEMS

2-47. A firing system uses detonating cord to transmit a shock wave from the initiating set to the explosive

charge. Detonating cord is versatile and easy to install. It is useful for underwater, underground, and

aboveground blasting because the blasting cap of the initiating set may remain above water or aboveground

and does not have to be inserted directly into the charge. Detonating cord firing systems combined with

detonating cord priming are the safest and most efficient ways to conduct military demolition missions.

Nonelectric or electric initiating sets should be used to initiate detonating cord. The two types of detonating

cord firing systems are the single-firing system and the dual-firing system. These systems are discussed in

the paragraphs below.

WARNING

Never attach an M60 or M81 igniter to the M151, M152, or

detonating cord. Failure to comply could result in immediate

personal injury or damage to equipment.

SINGLE-PRIMED SYSTEM

2-48. Figure 2-25 shows a single-primed system. Each charge is single-primed with a branchline. The

branchline is tied to the line main or ring main. Tying to the ring main is preferred, but construction of a

ring main may not be possible because of the amount of detonating cord. The ring main decreases the

chances of a misfire if a break or cut occurs anywhere within the ring main. The electric, nonelectric, or

combination initiating sets are taped onto the firing system. When using a combination initiating set, the

electric initiation system is always the primary means of initiation. When using dual, nonelectric initiating

sets, the shorter time fuse is the primary initiating set.

2-24

FM 3-34.214

11 July 2007

Initiating Sets, Priming Methods, Firing Systems, and Modernized Demolition Initiators

Figure 2-29. Attach a Blasting Cap to the Detonating Cord

CONNECT THE DETONATING CORD

2-52. Square knots or detonating cord clips are used to splice the ends of the detonating cord (Figure 2-30).

Always reinforce the splice with tape. Do not splice detonating cord on branchlines. Square knots may be

placed underwater or underground, but the cord must be detonated from a dry end or aboveground. To

prevent misfires from moisture contamination, allow 6-inch tails on square knots. Chapter 1, Section III,

describes the process for connecting detonating cord with detonating cord clips.

Figure 2-30. Square-Knot Connections for Detonating Cord

BRANCHLINE

2-53. A branchline is a length of detonating cord between the charge and the firing system. Branchlines

should be attached to a detonating cord ring or line main to fire multiple charges. Combining the branchline

with an initiating set allows a single branchline to be fired. A branchline should be fastened to a main line

with a detonating cord clip (Figure 1-16, page 1-21) or a girth hitch with an extra turn or a Gregory knot

(also known as a cherry knot) (Figure 2-31, page 2-28). The connections of branchlines and line or ring

mains should intersect at right angles. If these connections are not at right angles, the branchline may be

blown off the line main without complete detonation. To prevent moisture contamination and to ensure

positive detonation, leave at least 6 inches of the running end of the branchline beyond the tie. It does not

matter which side of the knot the 6-inch tail is on at the connection of the line or ring main.

11 July 2007

FM 3-34.214

2-27

Chapter 2

angles. Kinks in the lines should not be sharp. Any number of branchlines can be connected to the ring

main; however, never connect a branchline (at the point) where the ring main is spliced. When making

branchline connections, avoid crossing lines. If a line crossing is necessary, provide at least 1 foot of

clearance between the detonating cords. Otherwise, the cords may cut each other and may destroy the firing

system. The methods below describe how to make a ring main (Figure 2-34).

Method 1. Make a ring main by bringing the detonating cord back in the form of a loop and

attach it to itself with a girth hitch with an extra turn.

Method 2. Make a ring main by making a U shape with the detonating cord, and then attach a

detonating cord crossover at the open end of the U. Use girth hitches with extra turns when

attach the crossover.

Figure 2-34. Ring Mains

INITIATE A FIRING SYSTEM

2-56. The two types of firing systems are the single-primed and dual-primed. Initiation of these is

described below.

SINGLE-PRIMED SYSTEM

2-57. A single line or ring main should be dual-initiated as shown in Figure 2-35. The blasting cap that will

detonate first should be placed closest to the end of the detonating cord (for example, the electric cap of a

combination of initiating sets). Doing this ensures the integrity of the backup system if the first cap

detonates and fails to initiate the line main.

2-30

FM 3-34.214

11 July 2007

Initiating Sets, Priming Methods, Firing Systems, and Modernized Demolition Initiators

Figure 2-35. Attaching Blasting Caps to a Line Main

DUAL-PRIMED SYSTEM

2-58. A dual-primed system is initiated as shown in Figure 2-26, page 2-25. However, the blasting caps are

still connected as shown in Figure 2-29, page 2-27.

DANGER

When using a time or safety fuse, uncoil it and lay it out in a

straight line. The time fuse should be placed so that the fuse will

not curl up and prematurely detonate the blasting cap crimped to

it. Failure to comply may cause death or permanent injury.

SECTION IV - MODERNIZED DEMOLITION INITIATORS

CHARACTERISTICS

2-59. The MDI is the project name given to a new family of nonelectric blasting caps, nonelectric boosters,

and associated items. MDIs supplement and partially replace the M7 nonelectric blasting cap, the M6

electric blasting cap, and the M700 time fuse. The snap-together MDI components simplify initiation

systems and some types of explosive priming. In some cases, emplacement times can be decreased by up to

50 percent. MDIs also improve reliability and safety. One reason for this reliability is the fact that all of the

components are sealed and, unlike standard nonelectric-priming components, cannot be easily degraded by

moisture. However, once the system has been spliced, reliability is significantly degraded due to moisture.

The sealed MDI components can be emplaced 70 feet underwater.

SHOCK TUBE

2-60. The shock tube is a thin, plastic tube of extruded polymer with a dusting of cyclotetramethylene

tetramitramine (HMX) and aluminum powder deposited on its interior surface. This special explosive dust

propagates a detonation wave. The wave moves along the shock tube to a factory crimped and sealed

blasting cap (which is moisture resistant). The detonation is normally contained within the plastic tubing,

and if strands of tubing touch or cross over each other there is no concern that an inadvertent ignition would

occur. Fragments from blasting caps or other explosive charges travel at speeds three to five times faster

than the detonating wave in the shock tube. These fragments could cause damage to other shock tube

assemblies. Any puncture in the shock tube in front of the dust explosion provides a path for the explosive

wave to vent. The shock tube offers the instantaneous action of electric initiation without the risk of

accidental initiation of the blasting cap (and the charge) by radio transmitters in the area or by static

electricity discharge. The shock tube medium is extremely reliable.

11 July 2007

FM 3-34.214

2-31

Chapter 2

WARNING

Although the detonation along the shock tube is normally

contained within the blasting tubing, burns may occur if the

shock tube is held. Failure to comply could result in immediate

personal injury or damage to equipment.

Note. To prevent misfire, MDIs used at high altitude must be precut and a temporary moisture

seal applied to the ends before moving from low altitude to high altitude. This action prevents

the HMX from escaping the shock tube when cut at high altitudes due to the air pressure

difference between the inside of the shock tube and the surrounding atmosphere.

WARNING

Never attach an M81 until ready to attach the system. Failure to

comply could result in immediate personal injury or damage to

equipment.

2-61. Shock tube functioning is usually evident by a bright flash within the tube. The flash is well

contained by the olive drab coating but can be seen in the clear coating of military shock tubes. The flash

can produce a burn if a piece of shock tube is held when it is functioning, even through the coating of the

shock tube. Therefore, never hold a shock tube while detonating an explosive system. The free end of the

shock tube blasting cap is always sealed. Cutting the shock tube exposes the open ends to moisture and

should only be done if absolutely necessary. Dampening the explosive dust on the inside of the shock tube

will stop a detonation from going beyond such a damp spot. Care should be used when cutting shock tubes.

When cutting a shock tube, a sharp knife or other single blade should be used to produce a square cut.

Never use pliers, crimpers, or scissors when cutting shock tube because they will cause narrowing of the

small diameter hole in the shock tube. Any narrowing or overlapping of the hole could block the explosive

path and result in a failure to ignite the explosive dust in the shock tube.

BLASTING CAPS

2-62. Military explosives require a substantial shock to be initiated. This shock is provided by a high-

strength blasting cap (nonelectric M7 or the electric M6). To replace the M6 and M7, there are high-

strength and low-strength MDI blasting caps. Each blasting cap is factory crimped and sealed, making them

extremely reliable.

High-Strength Caps

2-63. High-strength caps include the M11, M14, M15, M18, M19, M21, and M23. All are nonelectric and

come with a length of shock tube attached. The function of the shock tube is to transfer a small initiating

impulse to the explosive end of the cap (an explosive-filled aluminum tube or detonator), which produces a

detonation shock strong enough to initiate military explosives. Cap characteristics are as follows:

The M11 cap comes with a 30-foot length of shock tube factory-attached to a military-sized

aluminum blasting cap tube. The M11 is essentially instantaneous in its action. The M11 has a

plastic connector on the free end of its shock tube called a detonating cord clip. The detonating

cord clip facilitates quick and easy attachment onto the detonating cord.

The M14 consists of a military strength and size nonelectric blasting cap, factory-crimped to a

factory-calibrated, nominal 5-minute length of M700 time-blasting fuse.

The M15 has pyrotechnic (used to introduce a delay into an explosive train because of its known

burning time [the definition was shortened, and the complete definition is printed in the

glossary]) (FM 1-02) (JP 1-02) devices installed to provide a small time delay between its

2-32

FM 3-34.214

11 July 2007

Initiating Sets, Priming Methods, Firing Systems, and Modernized Demolition Initiators

initiation and the firing of its detonators. The M15 has two detonators. One detonator is low

strength with a 25-millisecond delay, and the other is high strength with a 200-millisecond

delay.

The M18 consists of a military strength and size nonelectric blasting cap, factory-crimped to a

factory-calibrated, nominal 20-minute length of M700 time-blasting fuse.

The M19 consists of a 200-foot length of dual minitube with an in-line initiator built into one

end of each of the two minitubes and a nonelectric, nondelay high-strength blasting cap attached

to the other end of each minitube. The minitube is smaller in diameter and possesses all the same

characteristics of shock tube. The M81E1 igniter is attached to each in-line initiator.

The M21 consists of a high-strength blasting cap precrimped to a 500-foot length of minitube.

The M21 is about one-third the size and weight of the existing M12. The M81E1 igniter is

attached to the in-line initiator.

The M23 consists of a high-strength blasting cap precrimped to a 1,000-foot length of minitube.

The M23 is about one-third the size and weight of the existing M13. The M81E1 igniter is

attached to the in-line initiator.

Note. All high-strength caps will be in the original packaging or a protective foam cylinder when

carried by Soldiers.

Low-Strength Caps

2-64. The M12 and M13 are the two low-strength MDI blasting caps. These relay-type blasting caps come

with factory-attached lengths of shock tube (500 feet for the M12 and 1,000 feet for the M13). The

detonators of the relay-type caps are purposely made larger than standard military blasting caps (and the

high-strength MDI blasting caps) so they will not fit in standard cap wells. It is important to remember that

the low-strength, relay-type caps (such as the M12 and M13) cannot reliably set off standard military

explosives. However, low-strength caps of the MDI M12 and M13 will reliabily initiate detonating cord.

Boosters

2-65. The M151 is a nonelectric, insensitive initiation system that is factory-assembled. It is assembled by

crimping a secondary explosive booster onto a 10-foot length of low-strength detonating cord to allow the

user to preprime explosives for military operations and bury explosives primed with M151. The M151 has

a detonating cord clip like other MDI components for easy attachment to a line or ring main detonating

cord. A pentagonal-shaped tag affixed to the low-strength detonating cord identifies it as an M151 to

preclude incorrect connection within a firing system.

2-66. The M152 is a nonelectric, insensitive initiation system that is factory-assembled. It is assembled by

crimping a secondary explosive booster onto a 30-foot length of low-strength detonating cord to allow the

user to preprime explosives for military operations and bury explosives primed with M152. The M152 has

a detonating cord clip like other MDI components for easy attachment to a line or ring main detonating

cord. A pentagonal-shaped tag affixed to the low-strength detonating cord identifies it as an M152 to

preclude incorrect connection within a firing system.

M9 BLASTING-CAP HOLDER

2-67. Plastic holders allow the connection of several shock tubes to high-strength blasting caps and

boosters. The M9 holder helps secure the connection of up to five shock tubes or low-strength detonating

cord to high-strength caps or boosters. The M9 holder can also be used to connect high-strength blasting

caps and boosters to detonating cord. When using the M9 holder, tape it closed.

11 July 2007

FM 3-34.214

2-33

Chapter 2

WARNING

Do not connect the shock tube, low-strength detonating cord, or

detonating cord in the same holder. Detonating cord functions at

a higher velocity than the HMX and aluminum in the shock tube

and may cause a break in the shock tube. Failure to comply could

result in immediate personal injury or damage to equipment.

M81 TIME-BLASTING FUSE IGNITER

2-68. The igniter will initiate the time fuse and shock tube end of MDI components. The M81 is almost

identical to the older M60 igniter, except the M81 has a screw-end cap with a green shipping plug and a

silicon shock tube reducer. The cap allows the M81 to accommodate either a standard shock tube or a

standard diameter time-blasting fuse (M700). Extra care is required when connecting a shock tube to an

M81 igniter to ensure proper initiation of an explosive system.

WARNING

Never attach detonating cord, an M151, or an M152 to the M81

igniter. Failure to comply could result in immediate personal

injury or damage to equipment.

M11 NONELECTRIC BLASTING CAP WITH A 30-FOOT SHOCK

TUBE

2-69. The M11 is a high-strength blasting cap, factory-crimped to a 30-foot length of shock tube. A

movable plastic connector (a detonating cord clip) is attached to the free end of the shock tube. The hook

allows for a quick and easy attachment to a detonating cord. Two brightly colored plastic flags are attached

to the shock tube near the blasting cap. A red flag is attached 1 meter from the blasting cap, and a yellow

flag is attached

2 meters from the blasting cap. M11s are packaged with an issue of six M11s per

subpackage as shown in Figure 2-36. Subpackages maintain the same hazard classification as the wooden

crate.

2-34

FM 3-34.214

11 July 2007

Chapter 2

Table 2-1. M11 Characteristics

Tabulated Data

Length

2.25 to 2.35 in

Aluminum-tube detonator

Diameter

0.241 in

Material

Various plastics

Shock tube

Length

30 ft

Diameter

0.118 in

Lead azide, molybdenum chromate, RDX, or

Detonator

PETN

Filler

Shock tube

HMX and aluminum

Shock from the detonation of a blasting cap or

Actuation method

detonating cord

Shipping and Storage Data

DOD hazard class

1.4S

QD/DIV/SCG

DOT hazard class

1.4S

DOT label

Explosive

1.4S

Proper shipping

Detonator assemblies, nonelectric for blasting

name

UN serial number

0500

NSN

1375-01-415-1232

DOT container marking

DODAC

Live: ML47

Inert: MN36

NEW

19 gr

(per cap)

Specification

QAA-1423

Packaging

60 units per wood box; 16 boxes per pallet

Dimensions

20.5 by 13 by 25.75 in

Cube

2.8 cu ft

Packing box

NEW

0.16 lb

Gross weight of

49 lb

package

References

TM 9-1375-213-34&P

DOD Consolidated Ammunition Supply Catalog

M12 NONELECTRIC BLASTING CAP WITH A 500-FOOT SHOCK

TUBE

2-72. The M12 is a low-strength blasting cap, factory-crimped to a 500-foot length of shock tube. A special

plastic connector is attached to the detonator to facilitate a quick and easy attachment to the shock tube of

up to five shock tubes or five low-strength detonating cords or one strand of standard detonating cords. The

M12 is provided on a spool as shown in Figure 2-37.

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FM 3-34.214

11 July 2007

Chapter 2

Table 2-2. M12 Characteristics

Tabulated Data

Aluminum-tube

Length

2.7 in

detonator

Diameter

0.296 in

Material

Various plastics

Shock tube

Length

500 ft

Diameter

0.118 in

Detonator

Lead azide, PETN

Shock tube

HMX and aluminum

Filler

Shock from detonation of a blasting cap or the

Actuation method

primer in an M81

Shipping and Storage Data

DOD hazard class

1.4S

QD/DIV/SCG

DOT hazard class

1.4S

DOT label

Explosive

1.4S

Proper shipping name

Detonators, nonelectric

UN serial number

0500

NSN

1375-01-415-1230

DODAC

Live: MN02

Inert: MN35

NEW (per cap)

13 gr

DOT container marking

Drawing

12972628

Specification

QAA-1459

Pre-1999: 8 units per fiberboard box; 6 boxes (48

units) per wooden box

Packaging

Post-1999: 8 units per fiberboard box; 5 boxes

per wooden box (40 units)

Pre-1999: 46 by 21 by 21 in

Dimensions

Post-1999: 48.75 by 19.8 by 20.75 in

Pre-1999: 11.74 cu ft

Cube

Post-1999: 11.6 cu ft

Packing box

Pre-1999: 0.286 lb

NEW

Post-1999: 0.239 lb

Pre-1999: 169 lb

Gross weight of package

Post-1999: 176 lb

References

TM 9-1375-213-34&P

DOD Consolidated Ammunition Supply Catalog

M21 NONELECTRIC BLASTING CAP WITH A 500-FOOT

MINISHOCK TUBE

2-75. The M21 consists of a high-strength blasting cap precrimped to a 500-foot length of minitube. The

M21 is about one-third the size and weight of the M12. The M21 has a modified M81E1 igniter moisture

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FM 3-34.214

11 July 2007

Initiating Sets, Priming Methods, Firing Systems, and Modernized Demolition Initiators

cap with a protected ignition primer that is factory-installed to an in-line initiator on the minitube. The M21

has an M9 holder already connected to the high-strength cap (Figure 2-38).

Figure 2-38. M21 MDI With a 500-Foot Shock Tube Component With a Splicing Kit

USE

2-76. The M21 is used to transmit a shock tube detonation impulse from an initiator (or another relay cap).

Unlike the M12, a high-strength blasting cap or booster will not have to be added as part of the

transmission line. The M21 high-strength cap can be secured into an M9 holder to provide the capability to

initiate up to five additional shock tubes or five low-strength detonating cords or one strand of detonating

cord. The M21 high-strength cap can also be used to prime military explosives.

FUNCTIONS

2-77. The M21 functions by sending an initiating shock or small detonation through the shock tube to the

blasting cap. This blasting cap then actuates five shock tubes, five low-strength detonating cords, or one

strand of high-strength detonating cord held by the plastic connector. The M21’s shock tube must be

initiated by another blasting cap or by the M81E1 in-line initiators. Table 2-3, page 2-40, shows the M21

characteristics.

11 July 2007

FM 3-34.214

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FM 3-34.214 (FM 5-250) EXPLOSIVES AND DEMOLITIONS (July 2007) - page 1