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C h a p t e r IV A UTOMA TIC TURNING B etween 6 0 and 6 5 "/o of the parts us ed in watches are machined on auto matic lathes . Typical parts are shown in Figure 1 . The blanks for most of these parts must have accurate dim ensions , a correct geom etrical shape , and a high - quality finish. The tole rance on the journal diameter of the balance staff, pallet s taff, escapement pinion and fourth pinion of wristwatches does not exceed mm, and a class 1 2 s urface finish is required (class 1 3 in the case of the balance staff ). In order to achieve this accuracy and high-quality finish in the finished p roduct, the blanks must have a clas s 8 or 9 surfac e finish (clas s 1 0 in particula r cas es ) and a tolerance of 0 . 00 3 - 0 . 00 5 m m . Subs equent polishing imp roves the surface quality to class 1 2 a t the expens e of a slight decrease in the dimensional accuracy, The blanks ob tained from the automatic turning machines mus t, therefore, s atisfy both the surfac e-quality requirem ents and tolerance . If the machined- part fin ish quality is only class 6 o r 7, the part has to be ground . Single- spindle automatic turning machines of the following two basic types are us ed in watch production: horizontal [Swis s - typ e ] s crew machines , and turret lathes':' . Swis s - type automatic screw machines are widely us ed in the manufacture of wris t- and pocket- watches and alarm clocks . A utomatic turret lathes have a limited application in the manufacture of alarm clocks , and of table Ope rations such as generating cylindrical and s haped fo rms , taper turn ing, bo ring reces s e s , drilling and reaming holes , thread chasing and tap ping, knurling outer surfaces , and milling s crew head slots can all be per formed on Swiss - type automatics . The p rinciple o f operation of these machines i s that the rotating bar stock is held by a headstock which advances the bar longitudinally through a guide in the guide bus hing, and p rotrudes from the headstock collet only enough to allow the bar to pass through the bushing and be turned directly in front The cutting tools are fastened in tool slides mounted on the s am e head as the guide bushing. The tools are displaced by means of cams and levers • f-or a description of the design and kinematic diagrams of automatic turret lathes, and for a calculation of i poluavtomaty (Automatic and Semiautomatic Lathes) . - Mashgiz. 1948. 9 7 |