PowerWorld Simulator version 11. Manual

Overview

Overview of PowerWorld Simulator Project Files

Performing a simulation using PowerWorld Simulator sometimes requires using a number of different files. In addition

to the case file that stores the model of the system, there may be one or more oneline diagrams depicting various

regions of the system. These oneline diagrams might feature document links that connect to files that were created

using other applications, as well as oneline links, which open other oneline diagrams when they are clicked. For these

links to function properly, the documents and oneline displays to which they connect must be available. A simulation

might also employ a template file that is used to load in a predefined set of solution, environment, and display options.

Furthermore, the simulation might make use of data stored in auxiliary data files to supplement the data stored in the

case file. Finally, a simulation might utilize a script file to perform some automated sequence of tasks, or even to

display a movie of system conditions. Having to deal with so many files may make it difficult to transfer the case to

another computer, or to share the model with a colleague. PowerWorld Simulator Project files provide a solution.

PowerWorld Simulator Projects have the extension *.pwp. A project serves as a container for all the files that might

comprise a simulation, including the case file, one or more oneline diagrams, a script file, one or more auxiliary data

files, and a case template, as well as any other support files you may wish to include. A project is actually a

compressed file archive that is compatible with the widely available PKZip and WinZip file compression utilities. It is

strongly recommended, however, that you work with project files strictly within the PowerWorld Simulator environment,

as Simulator can automatically perform the file compression and extraction functions and process the contents of the

included files in a single step. (Note: Simulator performs file compression and extraction using software components

available from http://www.cdrom.com/pub/infozip/ and http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Orchard/8607/

main.html).

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PowerWorld Simulator Project Files

PowerWorld Project Initialization Script

Included in every project file is an initialization script file called OPENPWB.SCP. This is a special type of PowerWorld

script file that is used to unload the contents of the project that are used in the simulation. This file must begin with the

keyword "INITIALIZATION" and terminate with the keyword "END". Between these two lines, OPENPWB.SCP

identifies the name of the case, any oneline diagrams that should be opened immediately, a template file (if any), a

script file (if any), and one or more auxiliary data files (if any) to open and read into memory after extracting the files.

The file might also contain the keyword "AUTOSTART", indicating that the simulation of the system described by the

project file should commence immediately after it is read into memory. The OPENPWB.SCP is generated for you

automatically when you save a new project file. Here is an example that loads the case B7FLAT.PWB (in PowerWorld

binary format) along with oneline diagram B7FLAT.PWD, the template B7FLAT.PWT, the script B7FLAT.SCP, and the

auxiliary file B7FLAT.AUX, and then starts the simulation immediately after all contents are extracted and read:

INITIALIZATION

CASE PWB B7FLAT.PWB

ONELINE B7FLAT.PWD

TEMPLATE B7FLAT.PWT

SCRIPT B7FLAT.SCP

DATAFILE B7FLAT.AUX

AUTOSTART

END

Again, all projects must contain the file OPENPWB.SCP. If a project does not contain this file, an error message will

be shown. Simulator automatically includes an OPENPWB.SCP file with every project it creates. Therefore, unless

you try to create a project file outside of Simulator, you will not have to worry about this requirement.

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Associating Project Files with Simulator

PowerWorld Simulator can automatically open and load the contents of a project if the proper file associations have

been made. When Simulator is installed on a computer, it registers the file extension *.pwp in the Windows registry.

Then, whenever you double-click on an icon for a project file or download a project file from a web site, Simulator will

start, extract the contents of the project file, and read them into memory. The power system will then be displayed

exactly as the author of the project file intended it to be displayed.

If the file association is somehow destroyed (i.e. Windows no longer recognizes that *.pwp files should be associated

with and opened by Simulator), you can re-establish the association manually using the following procedure:

· Open Windows Explorer.

· Select View, Folder Options from Explorers main menu.

· Switch to the tab labeled "File Types."

· Click the button labeled "New Type."

· For "Description of Type," specify "PowerWorld Project."

· For "Associated Extension," specify "PWP".

· For "ContentType (MIME)," specify "application/powerworld_project."

· For "Default Extension," specify ".PWP".

· Under "Actions," click the button labeled "New."

· Specify the "Action" as "open."

· Specify the "Application used to perform action" as the path to the Simulator executable file, followed by a space

and the string "%1" (including the quotation marks). For example, if the path of the PowerWorld Simulator

executable is "c:\program files\PowerWorld\pwrworld.exe," then you should specify the following string:

c:\program files\PowerWorld\pwrworld.exe "%1"

· Click OK to close the Action dialog.

· Click OK to complete the definition of the file association.

The *.pwp file type will now be recognized on your system as being associated with PowerWorld Simulator. Again,

you will need to perform this procedure only if the association somehow gets removed.

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Create Project Dialog

The Create Project Dialog enables you to create a new PowerWorld Simulator Project by specifying the files that

should be included in the project. To open the Create Project Dialog, select File > Save As Project from the main

menu. When it opens, the dialog will automatically include the case file, all open oneline diagrams, all documents and

onelines linked to the display by document links and oneline links, the current case template file, and the current script

in its list of files to add to the project. You can then use this dialog to add files to or delete files from the list of project

contents.

The Create Project Dialog features the following controls:

Case

Identifies the name of the case file that is currently open in Simulator. The case file may be in PowerWorld binary

format, in PTI Version 23 - 29 .raw format, or in GE PSLF .epc format. You cannot change this field, because it

must be set to whatever case is currently open.

Open these oneline diagrams automatically

Lists the names of the oneline diagrams that will automatically open whenever a user opens the project file. This is

also a read-only control and lists the names of all oneline diagrams that are currently open in Simulator. Therefore,

before you start to create a project using the Create Project dialog, make sure that only those oneline diagrams you

wish to open automatically with the project are currently open in Simulator.

Apply this template

Identifies a case template that should be applied automatically when the project is open. Case templates store

predefined sets of solution, environment, and display options. Including a template in a project ensures that the end

user will see the Simulation exactly the way you see it on your computer. If your environment is set up to use a

default template, the name of the default template will automatically appear in this text box. To specify a different

template file, either type its full path in the text box, or press the adjacent Browse button to search for it on your

machine.

Use this script file

Identifies a script file that should be opened automatically when the project is open. Scripts are text files that

contain commands in PowerWorld's scripting language that Simulator interprets to perform a predefined set of tasks

during the simulation. If a script file is in use when you try to create the project, its name will automatically appear in

this text box. To specify a different script file, either type its full path in the text box, or press the adjacent Browse

button to search for it on your machine.

Load data from auxiliary files

Lists the auxiliary data files that should be automatically read when the project is open. Auxiliary data files are text

files that contain data that supplement or supersede the information in the case file. You may include as many

automatically loading auxiliary data files in the project as you like. To add an auxiliary file to the project contents,

click the adjacent Add button and locate the file on your machine. To remove an auxiliary file from the list, select it

and click the adjacent Remove button.

Also include these files

Lists any other files you may wish to include in the project. Use this control to include supplementary documents,

pictures, or even other PowerWorld project files, in the project. To add a file to the contents, click Add a File. To

remove a file from the list, select it and press the adjacent Remove button.

Automatically start the simulation after opening the project

Check this button to cause Simulator to start the simulation immediately after opening the project. This saves the

user who opens the project the step of switching to run mode and clicking Simulation > Play from the main menu.

This option is particularly effective, for example, if you want to display a "movie" of system conditions when the

project is open. By including a script file in the project that tells Simulator how to modify the system and view over

time, you create a project that, when opened or downloaded, animates the scenario you are trying to model.

Save this project as

Identifies the name of the project that should be saved. By default, the project name is the same as that of the case

except that it has the extension "pwp". To specify a different name, either type it directly in the text box, or click the

adjacent Browse button and specify the full path.

When you have finished specifying the contents of the project file, click the OK > Save the Project button. If you wish

to cancel the operation without creating the project, click Cancel.

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HTML Table Format Dialog

The Table Format Dialog allows you to set various formatting options for HTML tables. This form is invoked when you

try to save a Case Information Displays as HTML and when you try to insert a new table using Simulator's HTML

editor.

The Table Format Dialog is divided into two tabs, Table Properties and Table Elements .

Table Properties

This tab allows you to specify values for options that govern the appearance of the table as a whole. Here you can

specify the following properties:

Border Weight

The thickness of the border to draw around each cell. Specify 0 to suppress the drawing of a cell border.

Horizontal Cell Spacing

The spacing to employ between cells that neighbor each other horizontally.

Vertical Cell Spacing

The spacing to employ between cells that neighbor each other vertically.

Table Width

The width of the table. If the Percent checkbox is checked, the width specifies the horizontal dimension of the table

relative to the object that contains it on the screen.

Caption

The table title that will be printed directly above it on the web page.

Table Elements

These options control how the data will be centered in each cell. Choices include:

Horizontal Alignment

Controls how the text in each cell should be positioned horizontally. The default value is Left, but you may also

choose to center or right-justify the data in each cell.

Vertical Alignment

Controls how the text in each cell should be positioned vertically. The default value is Middle, but you may also

choose to align the text with the top or bottom edges of the cell.

If any of the numeric entries (Border Weight, Horizontal Cell Spacing, Vertical Cell Spacing, Table Width) are left blank

or zero, your browser will employ its default settings for these values in rendering the table on the screen.

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Web Publishing

Saving Images as Jpegs

Simulator can save oneline diagrams, bus view displays, and strip charts as jpeg images. To save a oneline diagram

or bus view display as a jpeg, select File > Export Oneline from the main menu. This brings up the save file dialog

where you can specify file type from the dropdown menu. Choose jpeg, type the file name, and press save. This

brings up the resolution screen where you decide the picture's resolution. Adjust the resolution control to specify the

compression ratio at which to save the diagram as a jpeg. The greater the resolution you specify, the larger the

resulting file will be. Click Save to save the image or click Cancel to terminate the process without saving the image

as a jpeg.

To save a strip chart as a jpeg image, right-click on the background of the strip chart and select Save As Jpeg from

the resulting local menu. Specify the compression/resolution in the Jpeg Options Dialog. Click Cancel to terminate

the process, or click Save to save the jpeg to a file whose name you specify.

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Editing HTML Pages

HTML Editor

To compose a web page using Simulator's HTML editor, select File > Publish to Web from the main menu. This

opens the PowerWorld HTML Editor. The editor provides basic web page formatting functionality. It is not intended to

compete with commercial packages that offer this as one of their primary functions, but it does give you tools for

writing simple HTML pages that integrate the various resources you have produced using Simulator.

The web editor's window is divided into two sections. A set of command buttons occupies the left third of the display,

and the HTML code for the document you are creating is shown in the text editor occupying the rest of the window.

Use the command buttons to add HTML tags to the document at the current cursor location. The command buttons

are divided into several groups.

Title

Press the title button to specify a title for the web page. The title must be specified in the head section of the page.

Heading1 through Heading 5

Simulator's HTML editor allows you to apply formatting for five different heading styles. The actual appearance of

each heading style depends on your browser's settings. The Heading 1 and Heading 3 styles are generally used to

format main section and subsection headings, respectively.

Character Formatting

Use the Bold, Italic, Underline, Plain, Font Color, and Font Size buttons to apply various formatting styles to

portions of your document's text.

Comment

Specify the comment text using the Comment command button.

Links and Images

To insert a hypertext link into the web document, click the Link button. This brings up the HTML Link Properties

Dialog. To insert an image into the document, click the Image button. This brings up the HTML Image Properties

Dialog. Fill out the requested information to add the link or image to the main document.

Page Spacing

Use the Break , Paragraph, Rule , and Center buttons to define the spacing of text in the document. Break inserts

a hair line break; paragraph identifies a new paragraph, Rule inserts a straight line that spans the screen to

separate different portions of the document, and Center centers the text horizontally on the screen.

List

The next three command buttons allow you to specify elements of either numbered or bulleted lists. Use the List

(1,2,3) button to define a numbered list, and use the List (*) button to define a bulleted list. This creates the list's

skeleton. You can then fill the list skeleton with one or more list items by clicking the Element button.

Table

The four buttons in the Table section allow you to create a table from scratch. To define the table, click the Table

command button. This brings up the Table Format Dialog, which allows you to specify the border weight, horizontal

cell spacing, vertical cell spacing, table width, and caption. To have the browser employ its default settings in

drawing the table, leave these options blank or set them to zero.

To insert a header row for the table, click the Header command button. This brings up the Table Format Dialog,

which allows you to specify the vertical and horizontal positioning of the text in the header row.

To insert a row in the body of the table, click the Row command button. This brings up the Table Format Dialog,

which allows you to specify the vertical and horizontal positioning of the text in the body row.

Finally, to insert data into the table, click Cell. This brings up the Table Format Dialog, which you can use to control

the vertical and horizontal placement of text in the cell.

In defining the vertical and horizontal positioning of table text, cell-specific settings take precedence over row -

specific settings. If no cell-specific settings are provided, however, those of the corresponding row are applied.

In addition to composing a web document from scratch, you can also load an existing document or insert text from an

existing document into your new document. Choose File > Load from the editor's main menu to select an existing

HTML document to load into the editor window. To insert code from another document at the current cursor location in

the document you are creating (say, for example, to insert the html code for a table you created from a Case

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Web Publishing

Information Display), select File > Insert from the editor's main menu and select the file whose contents you wish to

insert.

To save your new web document to your hard drive, click File > Save from the editor's main menu, and specify the file

name you desire. To see how y our document appears in your system's default browser, choose File > Test from the

editor's main menu. (If you have not already done so, you will be asked to save the document locally before the test

will begin.)

To publish the document on your web server, choose File > Publish from the editor's main menu. If you have not yet

saved the document to your hard drive, you will first be asked to save it. After that, Simulator will open the Publish to

Web Dialog. Use this dialog to set up and launch the transfer of the new document and its attachments (if any) to your

web server.

To exit the web publishing editor, click File > Close from its main menu.

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HTML Link Properties Dialog

To insert a hypertext link in the web document, click the Link button on the HTML Editor. This brings up the HTML

Link Properties Dialog, which sports the following fields:

Descriptive Text

Specifies the text of the label on which the user will click.

Web Address

Specifies the destination address of the link; that is, the address of the location to which the hypertext is linked.

Upload This Local Copy

If the web page to which the document is linked resides on your local drive and you wish to send it to the web

server along with the main document, check the Upload This Local Copy checkbox. Then, in the adjacent text box,

specify the full local path of the linked document. Use the Browse button to find the document on your local drive if

you would like. Also, specify whether the linked document is ASCII or Binary.

Click OK to finish inserting the hypertext link in the document you are composing. Click Cancel if you do not wish to

add the link to the page.

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Web Publishing

HTML Image Properties Dialog

To insert an image into the document, click the Image command button on HTML Editor. This brings up the HTML

Image Properties Dialog, which requests the following information:

Image Address

Specify the web address of the picture you want to display.

Upload This Local Copy

Check this box to identify a file on your local PC that contains the image you are trying to insert. Provide the full

local path of the image file in the adjacent text box. Use the Browse button to find the file on your local drive if you

would like.

Width, Height, Border Size, Vertical Spacing From Text, Horizontal Spacing From Text

Use these controls to specify various display parameters for the image. Specify any value as zero if you would like

to employ the browser's default setting for that option in rendering the image.

Alignment

Defines how the image will be aligned relative to the surrounding text.

Click OK to finish inserting the link to the image in the document you are composing. Click Cancel if you do not wish

to add the image to the page.

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Publishing Pages to a Web Server

Publish to Web Dialog

The Publish to Web Dialog allows you to send the document you have created using Simulator's HTML Editor, along

with any attachments, to your web server. This dialog has two tabs, one labeled Documents , and the other labeled

Server.

The Documents Tab identifies the document to upload and its attachments. It contains the following controls:

Local Path

Identifies the location of the document you have just written on the local drive.

Full URL

Specifies the full URL to assign to the page. The full URL is used to determine where on the web server to place

the document. Therefore, be sure to include the base address of your web server in the Full URL specification. For

example, if the page you have created is to be accessed from the PowerWorld website using the name mydoc.htm,

specify the full URL path as http://www.powerworld.com/mydoc.htm.

Attachments

The Publish to Web Dialog provides a table identifying the other documents that are to be sent along with the main

document. These other documents might include web pages that are linked to the main document you are

uploading, or they might be images. To add an attachment to the attachments list, click the Add New button and fill

out the Define New Attachment form. To delete an attachment from the list, click on the row of the attachment you

wish to delete and c lick the delete key on your keyboard. To toggle the data type of an attachment listed in the

Attachments table, double-click on the attachment's Type column. To toggle whether or not a specific column

should be uploaded to the server, double click on the attachment's Upload column. To use the set of attachments

associated with a previously published document, click the Load Attachments From File button. This will allow

you to select a file identifying the attachments defined as part of a previous web publishing exercise. Such files are

stored automatically with a .met extension whenever you upload a document to the web.

The Server Tab allows you to specify several parameters concerning how your web server is configured and

accessed. The Server Tab hos ts the following controls:

User ID, Password

Specify the user ID and corresponding password with which you access your web server's documents directory.

Hostname

Indicate the machine name of your web server. Alternatively, you may specify the server's IP address.

Port

Supply the number of the port on which the server will be listening for incoming documents. If you do not know this

information, your best bet is to leave this field blank.

Base URL and Corresponding Directory

The base URL is the base, or root, address of yourwebsite. This address corresponds to the root of the directory

structure in which your site's web documents are stored, which is specified using the Corresponding Directory field.

Be sure to specify the full path of the Corresponding Directory. The main document's full URL, the remote host's

base URL, and the remote host's corresponding directory are used together to determine where to place the

document you are uploading and its attachments. For example, suppose the new document's desired URL is

www.powerworld.com/cases/today.htm. Furthermore, suppose the base URL for my web server is

www.powerworld.com, and that the root directory for storing HTML documents on this server is /my/web/directory.

Then, you should specify www.powerworld.com as the server's base URL, and /my/web/directory as the host's

corresponding directory. As a result, the new document will be uploaded to the remote host that it will be placed in

the remote host's /my/web/directory/cases directory. In other words , a new document will be created on the remote

host called /my/web/directory/cases/today.htm. If any part of the remote path does not exist, Simulator will attempt

to create it.

To upload the document to the server, click the Upload button. The text box in the lower right corner of the dialog will

document what transpires during the communication with the remote server. When the file transfer is complete, a log

identifying whether the main document and its attachments were transferred successfully and, if not, the reason for the

failure.

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Defining New Web Attachments

Web attachments are files that you want to send to the web server with the master document you have composed

using Simulator's HTML Editor Attachments might be jpeg images or other web pages to which the master document

will link. The Publish to Web document lists your master document's attachments in a grid labeled Attachments . To

add a new web attachment to this list, click the Add New button. This brings up the Define New Attachment Dialog,

which requests the following entries:

Local Path

The local path locates the document or file on your local drive. Use the Browse button to search for the attachment

if you would like.

Desired WWW Address

The address by which the attachment will be accessed over the world-wide web. Be sure to provide a complete

URL in this box (including the server's base address) so that Simulator can determine in which directory on the host

to place the attachment.

Data Type

Identify the attachment's data as being either ASCII or binary.

Click OK to add the new attachment, or click Cancel to close the dialog without adding the attachment.

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Tutorials

Chapter 17 : Tutorials

This chapter contains tutorials on building a new case in Simulator and starting from an existing case in Simulator.

They were originally created for use from the on-line help, although they can be used in text format as reproduced

here.

· Creating a New Case

· Starting with an Existing Case

· OPF

· Contingency Analysis

Creating a New Case

Tutorial: Creating a New Case

Page 1 of 13

This procedure describes how to create a simple power system model using PowerWorld Simulator. This procedure

was developed for use with version 10.0 of the package. If you have an earlier version, please contact PowerWorld

Corporation at infopowerworld.com for information on upgrading, or visit the website at http://www.powerworld.com.

To begin, double-click on the PowerWorld Simulator icon.

This starts Simulator. Simulator is used to

create new cases, modify existing cases, and (of course) simulate power systems. In this example, we will build a new

case from scratch. To create a case from an existing power flow case instead, please see Creating a Case from an

Existing Power Flow File.

To create a new case, select the File > New Case from the main menu, or click the New Case

button on the File

Toolbar. The screen background will turn white, the default background color for new PowerWorld oneline diagram.

Oneline diagrams are used in power system analysis to represent the actual three-phase power system using a single

line to represent each three-phase device.

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Tutorial: Inserting a Bus Page 2 of 13

The most important component of the power system model is the bus. Buses are used to represent junction points in

the power system where a number of devices are connected together. In building a power system model using

Simulator, you will draw buses onto the oneline diagram, attach devices such as generators and loads to the buses,

and connect different buses together with transmission lines and transformers.

To insert a bus:

· Select Insert > Bus from the main menu, or select the Bus

button on the Insert Toolbar. This prepares

Simulator to insert a new bus.

· Left-click on the oneline background at the location where you want to place the new bus. This invokes the Bus

Option Dialog (pictured below), which is used to specify the name, orientation, shape, size, width, area, zone, and

nominal voltage of the bus, as well as the load and shunt compensation connected to the bus .

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Tutorials

· The Bus Number field automatically displays ‘1’. Simulator requires that each bus have a unique number. For

convenience, accept the default value. Historically, the Bus Name field was limited to eight characters. That

limitation is no longer imposed in Simulator. Many users still choose to lmit the bus name to eight characters by

convention and for ease in c onverting cases to other formats (such as .epc or .raw). For this example, enter ‘One’.

· Next, check the System Slack Bus field, which is located in the Bus Voltage portion of the Bus Information Tab.

The Slack Bus is a modeling construct that ensures that the power system has enough generation to meet the load.

In other words, the slack bus "picks up the slack" caused by system losses.

· Click OK on the Bus Option Dialog to finish creating the bus and to close the dialog. After the dialog box closes, the

new bus appears on the oneline at the location you specified.

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Tutorial: Inserting a Generator

Page 3 of 13

Next we are going to attach a generator to the bus. Generators may be inserted in a manner similar to inserting a bus:

· Select Insert > Generator from the main menu, or click the Generator

button on the Insert Toolbar.

· Left-click the bus on the oneline diagram to which you want to attach the generator (for this example, click on the

slack bus - bus One.) The Generator Option Dialog (pictured below) will automatically open. The dialog is used to

specify the new generator’s unit identifier, display size, orientation, MW output and limits, reactive power limits, set

point voltage, and cost model.

· Every generator must have a MW Output specified when the generator is inserted. Make sure the MW and Voltage

Control tab is selected. Enter ‘413’ in the MW Output Field. Note: the MW Output specified for a generator

connected to the system slack bus is arbitrary because the generator’s true output depends on system load and

losses.

· Select the Display Information tab. The Orientation field is used to specify the direction the generator will extend

from the bus. The Anchored checkbox forces the generator to move with its specified bus when repositioning the

bus on the oneline.

· Click OK on the Generator Option Dialog to accept the default values for all other fields. After the dialog box

closes, the new generator will appear on the oneline attached to the previously selected bus. The oneline diagram

should resemble the image shown below.

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Tutorial: Saving the Case Page 4 of 13

To save the work that we have done so far, select File > Save Case from the main menu, or click on the Save Case

button. Before the case is saved, Simulator validates the case to make sure that it does not contain any errors.

Results from this validation are displayed in the Message Log display, usually shown in the lower right-hand corner of

the display. If the log is not visible, click the

button on the Program Toolbar. Since we have not yet named the

case, the Save As dialog is displayed. Enter a file name and select OK. By default the case is saved using the

PowerWorld Binary format (*.pwb). When saving the case in the future, you will not have to reenter its name.

Simulator also asks you to supply a name for saving the oneline diagram we have been drawing. The oneline diagram

files have a default extension of *.pwd, which identifies them as PowerWorld Display files. Supply the same name as

you gave to the case. Note that, because the case and the oneline are stored in separate files, multiple onelines can

be assigned to the same case, and the same oneline can be used by many cases.

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Tutorials

Tutorial: Entering a Second Bus with Load Page 5 of 13

To enter the second bus:

Select Insert > Bus from the main menu or click the Bus

button on the Insert Toolbar.

Click on the oneline diagram somewhere to the right of the first bus. In the Bus Options Dialog (pictured

below) leave the bus number at the default value of 2, and enter the name ‘Two’ in the Bus Name field.

We will model a 200 MW, 100 Mvar load at the bus. Select the Attached Devices tab. Under the Load

Summary Information heading enter ‘200’ in the Base MW field and ‘100’ in the Base Mvar field.

Click OK to accept all other default values, close the Bus Options Dialog, and insert the bus.

At this point, the oneline diagram does not show the load at bus 2, even though it is represented in the power system

model (you can confirm this by right-clicking on bus 2, selecting Bus Information Dialog from the resulting local menu,

and inspecting the Load Summary Information fields again).

To draw the load on the oneline diagram:

Select Insert > Load from the main menu, or select the Load

button on the Insert Toolbar.

Left-click in the center of this bus. The Load Options Dialog box (pictured below) automatically opens. The

Constant Power MW and Mvar fields confirm that the load is 200 MW and 100 Mvar. In addition to constant

power loads, Simulator also allows the modeling of voltage dependent loads.

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Select Up in the Orientation field under the Load Information tab to make the load point up. Verify that the

anchored box is checked to force the load to move with the selected bus.

Click OK to accept the default values for all remaining fields, close the Load Options dialog, and insert the

load. A circuit breaker symbol is automatically included with each load.

To move objects on the oneline:

Left-click on the desired object. Drag and drop the object to the new location by holding the left mouse

button down while moving the mouse. Note: you can also move all objects on the oneline simultaneously

by left-clicking on the diagram (not on a specific object) then dragging and dropping in the desired location.

To move bus 2, left click on bus 2 (not on the attached load). Drag the bus to a new location. Note that the

load moves with the bus because it is anchored. You can change the location of attached devices

connected to a bus, such as generators and loads, by the same procedure.

The oneline diagram should now resemble the image shown below.

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Tutorial: Inserting a Transmission Line

Page 6 of 13

Transmission lines are used to connect buses together. To insert a transmission line:

· Select Insert > Transmission Line from the main menu, or click the AC Transmission Line

button on the

Insert Toolbar.

· Left-click at the point where you want the new line to originate. This point is usually located on one of the proposed

line’s terminal buses. For this example, originate the line at bus One.

· Transmission lines and transformers are drawn as a series of line segments. Without holding down the mouse

button, drag the mouse up. Notice that a line segment connected to the point of origin will follow your mouse

movements. To terminate a line segment, click the left mouse button. Each time you click the mouse to terminate

a line segment, a new vertex is defined for the line. To draw the next line segment, move the mouse to the desired

location of the next vertex. Note: the vertices may later be moved or deleted to reshape the line. To create curved

lines, hold the left mouse button down while dragging.

· To terminate the final line segment and conclude drawing the line, double click the left mouse button at the desired

termination point (bus Two for this example). The termination point is usually the transmission line’s other terminal

bus.

· The Transmission Line/Transformer Dialog automatically appears (shown below). The dialog should already contain

a 1 in the From Bus Number field and a 2 in the To Bus Number Field. If not, you probably did not have the cursor

directly on the bus when you were drawing the line. If this is the case, simply enter the correct bus numbers in the

corresponding fields.

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Tutorial: Inserting Circuit Breakers Page 8 of 13

Circuit breakers are used to control the status of the line. (If the line already has circuit breakers at each end, then

Simulator has been instructed to insert circuit breakers automatically. You can configure this option from the Default

Drawing Options Dialog).

To insert a Circuit Breaker:

Click somewhere on the line near bus One then select Insert > Circuit Breaker from the main menu or select the

Circuit Breaker

button and then click on the line near bus One. You should immediately see the Circuit

Breaker Options dialog (shown below) with the From Bus and To Bus fields correctly set to ‘1’ and ‘2’. If they are

‘0’, enter the correct value. Set the Size field to ‘1’ (you can either enter a 1, or use the spin arrows in change the

value).

Click OK to insert the circuit breaker.

In Simulator, the location of the circuit breaker does not matter, because changing the status of the circuit breaker

changes the status of the entire line. However, since most transmission lines have circuit breakers at each end, we

will also place a circuit breaker near bus 2. To accomplish this, repeat the above process near bus 2.

Save your case. Your oneline should now look similar to the image below.

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Tutorials

Tutorial: Inserting a Transformer Page 9 of 13

To insert a transformer we first need to insert a bus at a different v oltage level. Insert a new bus in the bottom of the

oneline, named Three , and enter 69 KV for its nominal voltage in the Bus Options dialog box.

To insert a transformer between buses 2 and 3:

Either go to Insert > Transformer in the main menu, or select the Insert Transformer

button.

Click on bus 3, and then draw a line to bus 2 as you did for a transmission line. The Transmission

Line/Transformer Dialog automatically appears.

On the Parameters / Display tab, enter 0.02 for Series Resistance, 0.08 for Series Reactance, 0.1 for Shunt

Charging and 1000 for Limit A (MVA).

Select the Transformer Control tab. Note that the Off-nominal Turns Ratio displays 1.000. The true transformer

turns ratio does not need to be specified as it is automatically determined by the ratio of nominal voltages

between the From Bus and To Bus . The Off-nominal Turns Ratio is used to adjust the transformer tap setting on

per-unit values of bus voltages as referenced to their respective base values for per-unit calculation.

Click OK to accept the default values, close the dialog and insert the transformer.

Repeat this procedure to add a transformer between buses 1 and 3.

Add a 400 MW, 200 Mvar load to bus 3:

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Right click on bus 3. Select Attached Devices tab. Click Add or Edit Bus Load.

Under Constant Power enter 400 in the MW Value field. Enter 200 in Mvar Value field. Click OK.

Note that Base MW and Base Mvar display the respective values. Click OK.

The load is now attached to the bus even though it is not displayed on the oneline. To display the load as an object on

the oneline, you can either use the Auto Insert feature or follow the procedure utilized earlier. To Auto Insert the

load:

Select Insert > Auto Insert > Loads… The Automatic Insertion of Loads dialog opens automatically.

Click OK to accept the default values and insert the load object on the oneline.

Note that Lines, Loads, Interfaces, Generators and Switched Shunts can all be inserted as objects on a oneline using

the Auto Insert tool if a record already exists for the device.

· Left-click and drag the load to the desired location on bus 3. Note: you can resize the bus object on the oneline

by left-clicking on the bus then dragging either end-point vertex to the desired bus size.

Right-click on the load and select Load Information Dialog. You can change the load orientation and verify all

load parameters in this dialog.

Click OK.

Next we are going to attach a 300 MW generator to the bus 3:

· Select Insert > Generator from the main menu, or click the Generator

button on the Insert Toolbar.

· Left-click on bus 3. The Generator Option Dialog opens.

· Select the MW and Voltage Control tab. Enter ‘300’ in the MW Output Field.

· Click OK on the Generator Option Dialog to accept the default values for all other fields. After the dialog box

closes, the new generator appears on the oneline attached to bus 3.

Your oneline should now resemble the image shown below.

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Tutorial: Inserting a Switched Shunt Page 10 of 13

Switched shunts usually consist of either capacitors to supply reactive power (in MVAR) to the system, or reactors to

absorb reactive power. The switched shunts are represented by a number of blocks of admittance that can be

switched in a number of discrete steps. If at least one block is in service, the shunt is said to be online. The shunt’s

corresponding circuit breaker is used to determine and / or toggle the switched shunt’s status.

To insert a switched shunt at bus 3, either select Insert > Switched Shunt from the main menu, or select the

Switched Shunt

button.

Click near bus 3. The Switched Shunt Options dialog box appears (pictured below).

Verify that the bus number is 3; if it is not, change it.

Enter 10 for the Nominal Mvar.

Click OK to accept the default values of the remaining fields, close the dialog and insert the switched shunt.

Your oneline should now look like the image below.

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Tutorial: Inserting Text, Bus and Line Fields Page 11 of 13

Informational fields can be entered directly on the oneline to allow for ease of monitoring when a simulation case is

run.

To insert a general text field:

Select Insert > Text from the main menu. Left-click on the oneline in the desired text location to bring up the

Text Object Dialog. (For this example, left-click in the top center of the oneline.)

Type the string "First Case" in the Enter the text field. Click OK.

To format the text, ensure the text is selected on the one-line then select Format > Font. This displays the Font

Tab of the Format Selection Dialog.

Set the font size to 26 and the font color to blue .

To change the text background color, select Format > Line /Fill, which summons the Line/Fill Options Tab . If the

format menu is already open, click on the Line/Fill Options Tab of the Format Selection Dialog. Check the Use

Background Fill box to give the text a white background, and then click OK.

Inserted text can be moved using the same method as any other object on the oneline

Fields can also display object-related quantities. By default, Simulator has inserted the bus names, generator and

load MW and MVAR, and switched shunt MVAR. For this example, we will add a Bus Voltage Magnitude field to each

bus and fields showing the power flow on the transmission line and the transformers. Note that object fields can be

formatted just like text fields by using the Format menu.

To add additional fields to the display of a particular bus:

· Right-click on the bus to bring up the bus’ local menu.

· Select Add New Fields Around Bus from the local menu. This opens the Insert Bus Fields Dialog (pictured below).

You may add up to 8 fields per bus. Select the position where you would like to add the new field (position 5 for this

example) then click OK.

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PowerWorld Simulator version 11. Manual - page 23