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§±§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§ß§í§Ö §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §Ò§Ñ§Ù§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §ä§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ú §Ú §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§Ñ§ç §Ú§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ, §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§Ý§Ú §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó §Þ§Ú§â§Ö. §ª§ç §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î, §Ú, §Ó §á§Ö§â§Ó§å§ð §à§é§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§î, §ï§Ü§ã§á§Ö§â§ä§ß§í§ç §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ §Ú §ß§Ö§Û§â§à§ß§ß§í§ç §ã§Ö§ä§Ö§Û, §ã§à§ã§ä§à§Ú§ä §Ó §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §ä§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ú §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à §â§Ñ§ã§ê§Ú§â§ñ§ð§ä §Ü§â§å§Ô §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§Þ§í§ç §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §â§Ö§ê§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ §Ü§à§Þ§á§î§ð§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§ç, §Ú §Ú§ç §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ú§ß§à§ã§Ú§ä §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä. §£ §ä§à §Ø§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ, §ä§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§ñ §ï§Ü§ã§á§Ö§â§ä§ß§í§ç §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ú§Þ §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §Ó §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ô§Ý§à§Ò§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ §ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ: §Õ§Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ú, §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à, §Ó§í§ã§à§Ü§Ñ§ñ §ã§ä§à§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§î §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ú §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û; §Ó§í§ã§à§Ü§Ñ§ñ §ã§ä§à§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§î §ã§à§á§â§à§Ó§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§í§ç §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ; §á§à§Ó§ä§à§â§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§Þ§à§ã§ä§î §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ §Ú §ä.§á. §¬§â§à§Þ§Ö §ä§à§Ô§à, §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ä§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Û §ï§Ü§ã§á§Ö§â§ä§ß§í§ç §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ §Ú §ß§Ö§Û§â§à§ß§ß§í§ç §ã§Ö§ä§Ö§Û §ã §ä§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ö§Û §ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§à§Ò§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §ß§à§Ó§í§Ö §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ü §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§Ö§â§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§ä§Ñ§Þ §Ù§Ñ §ã§é§Ö§ä §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §Þ§à§Õ§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Þ, §Ñ §ß§Ö §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ú§ã§ä§à§Þ, §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö§Û "§á§â§à§Ù§â§Ñ§é§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú" §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ (§ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ç§â§Ñ§ß§ñ§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §à§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ §Ö§ã§ä§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§Ö, §é§ä§à §ß§Ö §ä§â§Ö§Ò§å§Ö§ä §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§â§Ú§Ö§Ó §Ü §ß§Ú§Þ, §å§á§â§à§ë§Ñ§Ö§ä §à§Ò§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú §ã§à§á§â§à§Ó§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö), §Ý§å§é§ê§Ú§ç §Ô§â§Ñ§æ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó, §á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§æ§Ö§Û§ã§Ñ §Ú §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ.
§±§à §Þ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä§à§Ó [1], §Ó §ß§Ö§Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ö§Ü§à§Û §á§Ö§â§ã§á§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§Ö §ï§Ü§ã§á§Ö§â§ä§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §Ò§å§Õ§å§ä §Ú§Ô§â§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§Ö§Õ§å§ë§å§ð §â§à§Ý§î §Ó§à §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §æ§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ç §á§â§à§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ú, §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§Ó§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §â§Ñ§ã§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §á§â§à§Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ú, §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ú §Ú §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §å§ã§Ý§å§Ô. §ª§ç §ä§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§ñ, §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§Ó §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§Ö§â§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ú§ä §â§Ö§Ó§à§Ý§ð§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§í§Û §á§â§à§â§í§Ó §Ó §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ô§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ú§Ù §Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§í§ç §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à-§Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§ç §Þ§à§Õ§å§Ý§Ö§Û.
§¬§à§Þ§Þ§Ö§â§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §â§í§ß§à§Ü §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§ä§à§Ó §Ú§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ §Ó §Þ§Ú§â§Ö §Ó 1993 §Ô§à§Õ§å §à§è§Ö§ß§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ý§ã§ñ §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â§ß§à §Ó 0,9 §Þ§Ý§â§Õ. §Õ§à§Ý§Ý§Ñ§â§à§Ó; §Ú§Ù §ß§Ú§ç 600 §Þ§Ý§ß. §á§â§Ú§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §Õ§à§Ý§ð §³§º§¡ [2]. §£§í§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§ð§ä §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§ç §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §â§í§ß§Ü§Ñ:
1) §ï§Ü§ã§á§Ö§â§ä§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í; §ä§Ö§á§Ö§â§î §Ú§ç §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à §à§Ò§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§ð§ä §Ö§ë§Ö §à§Õ§ß§Ú§Þ §ä§Ö§â§Þ§Ú§ß§à§Þ - "§ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í, §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §ß§Ñ §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ§ç";
2) §ß§Ö§Û§â§à§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ö§ä§Ú §Ú "§â§Ñ§Ù§Þ§í§ä§í§Ö" (fuzzy) §Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ü§Ú;
3) §Ö§ã§ä§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à-§ñ§Ù§í§Ü§à§Ó§í§Ö §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í.
§£ §³§º§¡ §Ó 1993 §Ô§à§Õ§å §â§í§ß§à§Ü §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §ï§ä§Ú§Þ§Ú §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú §â§Ñ§ã§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ý§ã§ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü [2]: §ï§Ü§ã§á§Ö§â§ä§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í - 62%, §ß§Ö§Û§â§à§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ö§ä§Ú - 26%, §Ö§ã§ä§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à-§ñ§Ù§í§Ü§à§Ó§í§Ö §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í - 12%. §²§í§ß§à§Ü §ï§ä§à§ä §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú§ä§î §Ú §Ú§ß§Ñ§é§Ö: §ß§Ñ §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §Ú§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ (§á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ) §Ú §Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §á§â§Ö§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §ï§ä§Ñ§á§à§Ó §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §£ 1993 §Ô§à§Õ§å §Ó §à§Ò§ë§Ö§Þ §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Þ§Ö §â§í§ß§Ü§Ñ §³§º§¡ §Õ§à§Ý§ñ §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §ã§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â§ß§à §Õ§Ó§Ö, §Ñ §Õ§à§Ý§ñ §Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§â§Ú§ñ - §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â§ß§à §à§Õ§ß§å §ä§â§Ö§ä§î [2].
§³§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ö §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §Ú§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú - §Ô§Ö§ß§Ö§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö (geneticprogramming) - §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§à§á§í§ä§Ü§à§Û §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Þ§Ö§ä§Ñ§æ§à§â§å §Ô§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §Ú§ß§Ø§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ú§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§ç §Ñ§Ý§Ô§à§â§Ú§ä§Þ§à§Ó. §³§ä§â§à§Ü§Ú (string) §Ú§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û "§Ô§Ö§ß§Ö§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û" §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§ß§í §ç§â§à§Þ§à§ã§à§Þ§Ñ§Þ §Ó §Ò§Ú§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ç. §©§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§é§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §ß§Ñ§Ò§à§â §ã§ä§â§à§Ü §ß§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§à§Û (structure). §³§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§í §Õ§Ö§Ü§à§Õ§Ú§â§å§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §ß§Ñ§Ò§à§â §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§à§Ó, §Ñ§Ý§î§ä§Ö§â§ß§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§í §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ú§Ý§Ú §ä§à§é§Ü§å §Ó §á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Û. §³§ä§â§à§Ü§Ú §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ä §Ú§Ù §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§Ü, §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ö§ä§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â§à§Ó, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §¥§Ö§ä§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â§í §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §â§Ñ§Ù§Þ§Ö§ë§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§í§ç §á§à§Ù§Ú§è§Ú§ñ§ç §Ó §ã§ä§â§à§Ü§Ö. §£§ã§Ö §ï§ä§à §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ß§à §á§à §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ú §ã §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §Þ§Ú§â§à§Þ. §£ §á§â§Ú§â§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ç §á§à§Ý§ß§í§Û §Ô§Ö§ß§Ö§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §á§Ñ§Ü§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ô§Ö§ß§à§ä§Ú§á§à§Þ. §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§â§Ú §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ú §Ô§Ö§ß§à§ä§Ú§á§Ñ §ã §à§Ü§â§å§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Û §ã§â§Ö§Õ§à§Û, §ß§à§ã§Ú§ä §ß§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §æ§Ö§ß§à§ä§Ú§á§Ñ. §·§â§à§Þ§à§ã§à§Þ§í §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ä §Ú§Ù §Ô§Ö§ß§à§Ó, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§í§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. (§¯§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §Ô§Ö§ß §è§Ó§Ö§ä§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ù§Ñ §Ø§Ú§Ó§à§ä§ß§à§Ô§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ú§Þ§Ö§ä§î §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö "§Ù§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§í§Û" §Ú §á§à§Ù§Ú§è§Ú§ð 10).
§£ §Ô§Ö§ß§Ö§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ñ§Ý§Ô§à§â§Ú§ä§Þ§Ñ§ç §â§à§Ý§î §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§ç §ã§ä§â§à§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ò§Ý§à§Ü§à§Ó §Ú§Ô§â§Ñ§ð§ä §ã§ä§â§à§Ü§Ú §æ§Ú§Ü§ã§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §Õ§Ý§Ú§ß§í, §ä§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ó §Ô§Ö§ß§Ö§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Þ §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §ï§ä§Ú §ã§ä§â§à§Ü§Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§à§â§Ñ§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §Õ§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§î§ñ, §ã§ä§à§Ý§î §Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Þ§í§Ö §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä§Ñ§Þ §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§Ý§ñ§è§Ú§Ú. §¯§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §Ó§í§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö a+b*c
§Ó§í§Ô§Ý§ñ§Õ§Ú§ä §ä§Ñ§Ü:
§¯§í§ß§Ö §à§Õ§ß§Ú§Þ §Ú§Ù §Ý§Ú§Õ§Ö§â§à§Ó §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §Ô§Ö§ß§Ö§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ô§â§å§á§á§Ñ §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û §Ú§Ù §³§ä§ï§ß§Õ§æ§à§â§Õ§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §å§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ (StanfordUniversity), §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§ð§ë§Ñ§ñ §á§à§Õ §â§å§Ü§à§Ó§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§à§â§Ñ §¥§Ø§à§ß§Ñ §¬§à§Ù§Ñ. §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó§Õ§à§ç§ß§å§Ý§à §ß§à§Ó§å§ð §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§î §Ó §ç§à§â§à§ê§Ö§ß§î§Ü§à §å§Ø§Ö §á§à§Õ§Ù§Ñ§Ò§í§ä§í§Û §ñ§Ù§í§Ü LISP (ListProcessing), §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Ý§ã§ñ §Ô§â§å§á§á§à§Û §¥§Ø§à§ß§Ñ §®§Ñ§Ü§Ü§Ñ§â§ä§Ú (§ä§à§Ô§à §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Ô§à, §Ü§ä§à §Ó 60-§Ö §Ô§à§Õ§í §Ó§Ó§Ö§Ý §Ó §ß§Ñ§ê §à§Ò§Ú§ç§à§Õ §ä§Ö§â§Þ§Ú§ß "§Ú§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä") §Ü§Ñ§Ü §â§Ñ§Ù §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ú §ã§á§Ú§ã§Ü§à§Ó §Ú §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ. §¬§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú, §Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à §ï§ä§à§ä §ñ§Ù§í§Ü §Ó §³§º§¡ §Ò§í§Ý §Ú §à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §à§Õ§ß§Ú§Þ §Ú§Ù §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§à§Ó §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é §Ú§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ.
1.1 §µ§ã§á§Ö§ç§Ú §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ §Ú§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ §Ú §Ú§ç §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§í
§ª§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ï§Ü§ã§á§Ö§â§ä§ß§í§ç §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ §Ú §ß§Ö§Û§â§à§ß§ß§í§ç §ã§Ö§ä§Ö§Û §á§â§Ú§ß§à§ã§Ú§ä §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä. §´§Ñ§Ü, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â:
- AmericanExpress [1] §ã§à§Ü§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ý§Ñ §ã§Ó§à§Ú §á§à§ä§Ö§â§Ú §ß§Ñ 27 §Þ§Ý§ß. §Õ§à§Ý§Ý§Ñ§â§à§Ó §Ó §Ô§à§Õ §Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§Õ§Ñ§â§ñ §ï§Ü§ã§á§Ö§â§ä§ß§à§Û §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ö, §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Û §è§Ö§Ý§Ö§ã§à§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ó§í§Õ§Ñ§é§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §à§ä§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ §Ó §Ü§â§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö §ä§à§Û §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ú§ß§à§Û §æ§Ú§â§Þ§Ö;
- DEC §Ö§Ø§Ö§Ô§à§Õ§ß§à §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§ä [1] 70 §Þ§Ý§ß. §Õ§à§Ý§Ý§Ñ§â§à§Ó §Ó §Ô§à§Õ §Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§Õ§Ñ§â§ñ §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ö XCON/XSEL, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ §á§à §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Ù§å §á§à§Ü§å§á§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§ñ §ã§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ú§Ô§å§â§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §Ó§í§é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í VAX. §¦§Ö §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§à§Ü§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ý§à §é§Ú§ã§Ý§à §à§ê§Ú§Ò§à§Ü §à§ä 30% §Õ§à 1%;
- Sira §ã§à§Ü§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ý§Ñ §Ù§Ñ§ä§â§Ñ§ä§í §ß§Ñ §ã§ä§â§à§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§à §ä§â§å§Ò§à§á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ñ §Ó §¡§Ó§ã§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ú §ß§Ñ 40 §Þ§Ý§ß. §Õ§à§Ý§Ý§Ñ§â§à§Ó [3] §Ù§Ñ §ã§é§Ö§ä §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Û §ä§â§å§Ò§à§á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§à§Þ §ï§Ü§ã§á§Ö§â§ä§ß§à§Û §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í, §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §ß§Ñ §Ò§Ñ§Ù§Ö §à§á§Ú§ã§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§Þ§à§Û §ß§Ú§Ø§Ö §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í G2.
§¬§à§Þ§Þ§Ö§â§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §å§ã§á§Ö§ç§Ú §Ü §ï§Ü§ã§á§Ö§â§ä§ß§í§Þ §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§Þ §Ú §ß§Ö§Û§â§à§ß§ß§í§Þ §ã§Ö§ä§ñ§Þ §á§â§Ú§ê§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö §ã§â§Ñ§Ù§å. §¯§Ñ §á§â§à§ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §â§ñ§Õ§Ñ §Ý§Ö§ä (§ã 1960-§ç §Ô§à§Õ§à§Ó) §å§ã§á§Ö§ç§Ú §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§î §Ó §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§à§Þ §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§à§Ü, §Õ§Ö§Þ§à§ß§ã§ä§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§Ó§ê§Ú§ç §á§â§Ú§Ô§à§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§î §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ §Ú§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ. §¯§Ñ§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§ñ §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â§ß§à §ã 1985 (§Ñ §Ó §Þ§Ñ§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Þ §Þ§Ñ§ã§ê§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ö, §Ó§Ö§â§à§ñ§ä§ß§à, §ã 1988-1990 §Ô§à§Õ§à§Ó), §Ó §á§Ö§â§Ó§å§ð §à§é§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§î, §ï§Ü§ã§á§Ö§â§ä§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í, §Ñ §Ó §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ó§Ñ §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §Ú §ß§Ö§Û§â§à§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ö§ä§Ú §ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ú §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ó §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§ç.
§±§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§í, §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ö§Õ§ê§Ú§Ö §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §Ú§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ §Ü §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§Ö§â§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Þ§å §å§ã§á§Ö§ç§å, §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö:
1. §³§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ.
§±§Ö§â§Ö§ç§à§Õ §à§ä §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ú §Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó §à§Ò§ë§Ö§Ô§à §ß§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§ß§à/§á§â§Ö§Õ§Þ§Ö§ä§ß§à §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Þ §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ [4], §é§ä§à §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §ã§à§Ü§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§â§à§Ü§à§Ó §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ú §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û, §å§Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§â§Ú§ñ, §å§á§â§à§ë§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ú §å§ã§Ü§à§â§ñ§Ö§ä §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§å §ï§Ü§ã§á§Ö§â§ä§Ñ, §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §á§à§Ó§ä§à§â§ß§à §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à§Ö §Ú §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§ß§à§Ö §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö (§à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§í, §Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§í, §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ, §á§â§à§è§Ö§Õ§å§â§í).
2. §ª§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§à§Ó §ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §â§Ñ§Ò§à§é§Ú§ç §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§è§Ú§Û.
§±§Ö§â§Ö§ç§à§Õ §à§ä §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ, §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §ß§Ñ §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ§ç §Ú§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ (Lisp, Prolog §Ú §ä.§á.), §Ü §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ§Þ §ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ (§³, §³++ §Ú §ä.§á.) §å§á§â§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ý "§Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ô§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î" §Ú §ã§ß§Ú§Ù§Ú§Ý §ä§â§Ö§Ò§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ü §Ò§í§ã§ä§â§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ð §Ú §Ö§Þ§Ü§à§ã§ä§Ú §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§Ú. §ª§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §â§Ñ§Ò§à§é§Ú§ç §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§è§Ú§Û §Ó§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§à §±§¬ §â§Ö§Ù§Ü§à §å§Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ý§à §Ü§â§å§Ô §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§í§ç §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§à§Ó §Ú§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ.
3. §ª§ß§ä§Ö§Ô§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î.
§²§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§ß§í §Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ, §Ý§Ö§Ô§Ü§à §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ô§â§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö§ã§ñ §ã §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §ä§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú (§ã CASE, §³§µ§¢§¥, §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§Ý§Ö§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §Ü§à§ß§è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§ä§à§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §Ú §ä.§á.).
4. §°§ä§Ü§â§í§ä§à§ã§ä§î §Ú §á§Ö§â§Ö§ß§à§ã§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§î.
§²§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ú §Ó§Ö§Õ§å§ä§ã§ñ §ã §ã§à§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ñ§â§ä§à§Ó, §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú [5].
5. §¡§â§ç§Ú§ä§Ö§Ü§ä§å§â§Ñ §Ü§Ý§Ú§Ö§ß§ä/§ã§Ö§â§Ó§Ö§â.
§²§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ñ §â§Ñ§ã§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à§Û §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §Ó §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §Ñ§â§ç§Ú§ä§Ö§Ü§ä§å§â§Ö §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §ã§ß§Ú§Ù§Ú§ä§î §ã§ä§à§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§î §à§Ò§à§â§å§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§Þ§à§Ô§à §Ó §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú, §Õ§Ö§è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §á§à§Ó§í§ã§Ú§ä§î §ß§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ú §à§Ò§ë§å§ð §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î, §á§à§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§å §ã§à§Ü§â§Ñ§ë§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Þ §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §á§Ö§â§Ö§ã§í§Ý§Ñ§Ö§Þ§à§Û §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §¿§£§®, §Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§í§Û §Þ§à§Õ§å§Ý§î §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ü§Ó§Ñ§ä§ß§à§Þ §à§Ò§à§â§å§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú.
§ª§ä§Ñ§Ü, §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §Ú§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö§Ô§à §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§Ö§â§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §å§ã§á§Ö§ç§Ñ §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ô§Ý§Ú §ï§Ü§ã§á§Ö§â§ä§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §Ú §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ú§ç §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ú. §£ §ã§Ó§à§ð §à§é§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§î, §Ó §ï§ä§à§Þ §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö§Ô§à §å§ã§á§Ö§ç§Ñ §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ô§Ý§Ú §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§ß§à/§á§â§Ö§Õ§Þ§Ö§ä§ß§à §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó 1988 §Ô§à§Õ§å §Õ§à§ç§à§Õ §à§ä §ß§Ú§ç §ã§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à 3 §Þ§Ý§ß. §Õ§à§Ý§Ý§Ñ§â§à§Ó, §ä§à §Ó 1993 §Ô§à§Õ§å - 55 §Þ§Ý§ß. §Õ§à§Ý§Ý§Ñ§â§à§Ó.
§³§â§Ö§Õ§Ú §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ, §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §ß§Ñ §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ§ç, §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§Þ§í §ï§Ü§ã§á§Ö§â§ä§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú, §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ï§Ü§ã§á§Ö§â§ä§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í. §¯§Ñ §Ú§ç §Õ§à§Ý§ð §á§â§Ú§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§ã§ñ 70 §á§â§à§è§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §â§í§ß§Ü§Ñ.
§©§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§î §Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ö §ã§ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ú§ç §Ò§å§â§ß§í§Þ §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§Ö§â§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §å§ã§á§Ö§ç§à§Þ (§ç§à§ä§ñ §Ú §ï§ä§à §Õ§à§ã§ä§à§Û§ß§à §ä§ë§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ), §ß§à, §Ó §á§Ö§â§Ó§å§ð §à§é§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§î, §ä§Ö§Þ, §é§ä§à §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §ã §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î§ð §á§à§Õ§à§Ò§ß§í§ç §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§Þ§í§Ö §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§ñ§ç, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ö§á§â§Ö§â§í§Ó§ß§í§Þ§Ú §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§Ó§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ó §ç§Ú§Þ§Ú§Ú, §æ§Ñ§â§Þ§Ñ§Ü§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ú, §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§Ó§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §è§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ, §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§ä§à§Ó §á§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §ä.§á., §Ñ§ï§â§à§Ü§à§ã§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§á§à§â§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ü§Ñ §Ú §á§Ö§â§Ö§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ñ §ß§Ö§æ§ä§Ú §Ú §Ô§Ñ§Ù§Ñ, §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ñ§ä§à§Þ§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ú §ä§Ö§á§Ý§à§Ó§í§Þ§Ú §ï§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§â§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§è§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú, §æ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§à§Ó§í§Ö §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§î §Ú §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§Ö §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö.
§¬§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§í §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é, §â§Ö§ê§Ñ§Ö§Þ§í§ç §ï§Ü§ã§á§Ö§â§ä§ß§í§Þ§Ú §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§Þ§Ú §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú, §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Ó§í: §Þ§à§ß§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§Ô §Ó §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ §Þ§Ñ§ã§ê§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú, §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó§Ö§â§ç§ß§Ö§Ô§à §å§â§à§Ó§ß§ñ, §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §à§Ò§ß§Ñ§â§å§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ö§Ú§ã§á§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§Ö§Û, §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ, §ã§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û, §á§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö, §à§á§ä§Ú§Þ§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ, §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í-§ã§à§Ó§Ö§ä§é§Ú§Ü§Ú §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§à§â§Ñ, §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §á§â§à§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ.
§¨§Ú§Ù§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §è§Ú§Ü§Ý §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó G2 §ã§à§ã§ä§à§Ú§ä §Ú§Ù §â§ñ§Õ§Ñ §ï§ä§Ñ§á§à§Ó.
3.1 §²§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ñ §á§â§à§ä§à§ä§Ú§á§Ñ §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ
§²§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§é§Ú§Ü§à§Þ §à§Ò§í§é§ß§à §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä §Ó §Ü§à§ß§Ü§â§Ö§ä§ß§à§Û §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û. §°§ß §Ó §ç§à§Õ§Ö §à§Ò§ã§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §ã §Ü§à§ß§Ö§é§ß§í§Þ §á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Þ §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§Ú, §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§ñ§Ö§Þ§í§Ö §á§â§à§ä§à§ä§Ú§á§à§Þ. §±§â§Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ö §á§â§à§ä§à§ä§Ú§á§Ñ §ß§Ö §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à§Ö §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö. §³§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§ä§à§ä§Ú§á§Ñ §à§Ò§í§é§ß§à §Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ö§ä §à§ä §à§Õ§ß§à§Û §Õ§à §Õ§Ó§å§ç §ß§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§î (§á§â§Ú §ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ú §å §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§é§Ú§Ü§Ñ §à§á§í§ä§Ñ §á§à §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ó §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ö. §±§â§à§ä§à§ä§Ú§á, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ú §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Þ §Ö§ã§ä§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§Ö, §ã §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§ß§à§Û §Ô§â§Ñ§æ§Ú§Ü§Ú, §Ú§Ö§â§Ñ§â§ç§Ú§Ú §Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§à§Ó §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§à§Ó, §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý, §Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û §Ó§ß§Ö§ê§ß§Ö§Ô§à §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ. §®§ß§à§Ô§à§ã§Ý§à§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§î §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ §ã§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ñ §Ü §Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§å§Þ§å §á§å§ä§Ö§Þ §Ó§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ü§Ý§à§ß§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Û §â§Ñ§Ù§Þ§ß§à§Ø§Ú§ä§î §Ý§ð§Ò§å§ð §ã§å§ë§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ò§Ñ§Ù§í §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û.
3.2 §²§Ñ§ã§ê§Ú§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§ä§à§ä§Ú§á§Ñ §Õ§à §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ
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3.3 §´§Ö§ã§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ §ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ö §à§ê§Ú§Ò§à§Ü
§£ G2 §à§ê§Ú§Ò§Ü§Ú §Ó §ã§Ú§ß§ä§Ñ§Ü§ã§Ú§ã§Ö §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ö§á§à§ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à §á§â§Ú §Ó§Ó§à§Õ§Ö §Ü§à§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Ü§è§Ú§Û (§ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §Ú §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§ß§ñ§Ö§Þ§í§ç §å§ä§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Û) §Ó §Ò§Ñ§Ù§å §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç; §ï§ä§Ú §Ü§à§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Ü§è§Ú§Ú §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§å§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ú§ß§Ü§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§ß§à. §®§à§Ô§å§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §Ó§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§í §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ü§à§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Ü§è§Ú§Ú, §ß§Ö §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ë§Ú§Ö §ã§Ú§ß§ä§Ñ§Ü§ã§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §à§ê§Ú§Ò§à§Ü. §´§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Þ, §à§ä§á§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä §è§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ñ §æ§Ñ§Ù§Ñ §à§ä§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ü§Ú §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ (§ã§Ó§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à§Þ§å §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð), §é§ä§à §å§ã§Ü§à§â§ñ§Ö§ä §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§å §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û. §²§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§é§Ú§Ü §à§ã§Ó§à§Ò§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß §Ú §à§ä §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ù§ß§Ñ§ä§î §Õ§Ö§ä§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §ã§Ú§ß§ä§Ñ§Ü§ã§Ú§ã §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ G2, §ä§Ñ§Ü §Ü§Ñ§Ü §á§â§Ú §Ó§Ó§à§Õ§Ö §Ó §Ò§Ñ§Ù§å §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Û §Ü§à§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Ü§è§Ú§Ú §Ö§Þ§å §Ó §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö §á§à§Õ§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ü§Ú §ã§à§à§Ò§ë§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§Ö§â§Ö§é§Ö§ß§î §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§í§ç §ã§Ú§ß§ä§Ñ§Ü§ã§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û. §¥§Ý§ñ §Ó§í§ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §à§ê§Ú§Ò§à§Ü §Ú §ß§Ö§à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ö§Û §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ñ §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î "Inspect", §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ñ§ð§ë§Ñ§ñ §á§â§à§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§Ö §Ñ§ã§á§Ö§Ü§ä§í §Ò§Ñ§Ù§í §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, "§á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§ã§Ö §å§ä§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§à §ã§ã§í§Ý§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ß§Ñ §ß§Ö§à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã§å§ë§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú (§à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§í, §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú, §Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§í)", "§á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î §Ô§â§Ñ§æ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú §Ú§Ö§â§Ñ§â§ç§Ú§ð §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§Ñ §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§à§Ó", "§á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§ã§Ö §ã§å§ë§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §å §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ñ Notes §ß§Ö §°§¬". (§¥§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Û §Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä §Ö§ã§ä§î §å §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §ã§å§ë§ß§à§ã§ä§Ö§Û, §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Þ§í§ç §Ó §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§Ö G2; §Ö§Ô§à §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö - §Ý§Ú§Ò§à §°§¬, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §ß§Ö§ä §á§â§Ö§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§Û §Ü §ã§å§ë§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §Ý§Ú§Ò§à §à§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§à§ä§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §ã§ã§í§Ý§Ü§Ñ §ß§Ñ §ß§Ö§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§Û §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä, §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§à§Ó §ã §à§Õ§ß§Ú§Þ §Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Þ §Ú §ä.§á.)
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§£§ã§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó G2 §ç§â§Ñ§ß§ñ§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §Õ§Ó§å§ç §ä§Ú§á§Ñ§ç §æ§Ñ§Û§Ý§à§Ó: §Ò§Ñ§Ù§í §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §Ú §Ò§Ú§Ò§Ý§Ú§à§ä§Ö§Ü§Ú §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û. §£ §æ§Ñ§Û§Ý§Ñ§ç §á§Ö§â§Ó§à§Ô§à §ä§Ú§á§Ñ §ç§â§Ñ§ß§ñ§ä§ã§ñ §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §à §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§ç: §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§à§Ó, §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§í, §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ, §á§â§à§è§Ö§Õ§å§â§í §Ú §ä.§á. §£ §æ§Ñ§Û§Ý§Ñ§ç §Ò§Ú§Ò§Ý§Ú§à§ä§Ö§Ü §ç§â§Ñ§ß§ñ§ä§ã§ñ §à§Ò§ë§Ú§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§í §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö, §é§Ö§Þ §Ó §à§Õ§ß§à§Þ §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ñ§â§ä§ß§í§ç §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§à§Ó. §¶§Ñ§Û§Ý§í §Ò§Ñ§Ù §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§â§Ö§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ó §Ò§Ú§Ò§Ý§Ú§à§ä§Ö§Ü§Ú §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §Ú §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§ß§à. §£ §è§Ö§Ý§ñ§ç §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à§Ó§ä§à§â§ß§à§Û §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§Þ§à§ã§ä§Ú §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§à §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à, §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Ö §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§î §ã §ä§Ö§Ü§å§ë§Ú§Þ §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §â§Ñ§ß§Ö§Ö §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ò§Ñ§Ù§í §Ú §Ò§Ú§Ò§Ý§Ú§à§ä§Ö§Ü§Ú §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û. §±§â§Ú §ï§ä§à§Þ §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ý§Ú§Ü§ä§í §Ó §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§ñ§Ö§Þ§í§ç §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ§ç §Ó§í§ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ú §à§ä§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §Õ§Ú§ã§á§Ý§Ö§Ö. §©§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§Ú§â§å§ð§ä§ã§ñ: §á§â§Ö§Õ§å§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§Ö§ß§í §Ú§Ö§â§Ñ§â§ç§Ú§ñ §Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§à§Ó, §Ú§Ö§â§Ñ§â§ç§Ú§ñ §Þ§à§Õ§å§Ý§Ö§Û, §Ú§Ö§â§Ñ§â§ç§Ú§ñ §â§Ñ§Ò§à§é§Ú§ç §á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§ä§Ó. §¬§Ñ§Ø§Õ§å§ð §Ú§Ù §ß§Ú§ç §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ §Õ§Ú§ã§á§Ý§Ö§Ö.
4.1 §³§å§ë§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §Ú§Ö§â§Ñ§â§ç§Ú§ñ §Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§à§Ó
§¬§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã, §Ò§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§à§Ö §á§à§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§Ö §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§ß§à-§à§â§Ú§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §ä§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ú, - §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §Ó G2. §¥§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Û §á§à§Õ§ç§à§Õ §ã§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§å§ð §ä§Ö§ß§Õ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ð §Ó §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §Ó§à§à§Ò§ë§Ö, §á§à§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§å §à§ß §å§Þ§Ö§ß§î§ê§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ú§Ù§Ò§í§ä§à§é§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ú §å§á§â§à§ë§Ñ§Ö§ä §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§à§Ó (§à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ö §Ó§Ö§ã§î §Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã, §Ñ §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ö§Ô§à §à§ä§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ñ §à§ä §ã§å§á§Ö§â§Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§Ñ), §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §à§Ò§ë§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ, §á§â§à§è§Ö§Õ§å§â§í, §æ§à§â§Þ§å§Ý§í, §å§Þ§Ö§ß§î§ê§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ú§ç §é§Ú§ã§Ý§à, §Õ§Ñ §Ú §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ö§ã§ä§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ §Õ§Ý§ñ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§à§Þ §à§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§å§ë§ß§à§ã§ä§Ö§Û. §±§â§Ú §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Þ §á§à§Õ§ç§à§Õ§Ö §ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§í §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö §Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§à§Ó §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§à§Ó (§Ú§Ý§Ú §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§à§Ó), §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ë§Ú§ç §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§í. §¬§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§í §ß§Ñ§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ä §Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§í §à§ä §ã§å§á§Ö§â§Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§à§Ó §Ú §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§Ñ§ð§ä §ã§Ó§à§Ú §Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§í §á§à§Õ§Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§Ñ§Þ. §¬§Ñ§Ø§Õ§í§Û §Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã (§Ú§ã§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ñ §Ü§à§â§ß§Ö§Ó§à§Û) §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ú§Þ§Ö§ä§î §Ü§à§ß§Ü§â§Ö§ä§ß§í§Ö §ï§Ü§Ù§Ö§Þ§á§Ý§ñ§â§í §Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§Ñ. §£§ã§Ö, §é§ä§à §ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §Ò§Ñ§Ù§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §Ú §ã §é§Ö§Þ §à§á§Ö§â§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ, §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ï§Ü§Ù§Ö§Þ§á§Ý§ñ§â§à§Þ §ä§à§Ô§à §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ú§ß§à§Ô§à §Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§Ñ. §¢§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §ä§à§Ô§à, §Ó§ã§Ö §ã§Ú§ß§ä§Ñ§Ü§ã§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ü§à§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Ü§è§Ú§Ú G2 §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú. §¥§Ý§ñ §ã§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §à§Ò§ë§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §Ò§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§í§Ö §ä§Ú§á§í §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç - §ã§Ú§Þ§Ó§à§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö, §é§Ú§ã§Ý§à§Ó§í§Ö, §Ò§å§Ý§Ö§Ó§í §Ú §Ú§ã§ä§Ú§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§ß§í§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§à§Û §Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ü§Ú - §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§í §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú. §°§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§Ñ §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§Ö§ä §ã§ã§í§Ý§Ü§å §ß§Ñ §ã§å§á§Ö§â§Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã §Ú §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§ä §á§Ö§â§Ö§é§Ö§ß§î §Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§à§Ó, §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§æ§Ú§é§ß§í§ç §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§Ñ.
4.2 §ª§Ö§â§Ñ§â§ç§Ú§ñ §Þ§à§Õ§å§Ý§Ö§Û §Ú §â§Ñ§Ò§à§é§Ú§ç §á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§ä§Ó
§¥§Ý§ñ §ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú G2-§á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§ð§ä§ã§ñ "§Þ§à§Õ§å§Ý§Ú" §Ú "§â§Ñ§Ò§à§é§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ". §¯§Ö§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§ñ §ß§Ñ §ä§à, §é§ä§à §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§Ú §ï§ä§Ú§ç §Ü§à§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Ü§è§Ú§Û §ã§ç§à§Ø§Ú, §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §ß§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ö§ã§ä§î §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ñ. §±§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§à §Ó §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö §à§Õ§ß§à§Û §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§Ú§ç §Ò§Ñ§Ù §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û, §ß§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§Þ§í§ç §Þ§à§Õ§å§Ý§ñ§Þ§Ú. §£ §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Þ §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§ñ§ä, §é§ä§à §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§à §ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§à§Û (§Ú§Ö§â§Ñ§â§ç§Ú§Ö§Û) §Þ§à§Õ§å§Ý§Ö§Û. §¯§Ñ §Ó§Ö§â§ç§ß§Ö§Þ §å§â§à§Ó§ß§Ö - §à§Õ§Ú§ß §Þ§à§Õ§å§Ý§î §Ó§Ö§â§ç§ß§Ö§Ô§à §å§â§à§Ó§ß§ñ. §®§à§Õ§å§Ý§Ú §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à §å§â§à§Ó§ß§ñ §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ä §Ú§Ù §ä§Ö§ç §Þ§à§Õ§å§Ý§Ö§Û, §Ò§Ö§Ù §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§ä§î §Þ§à§Õ§å§Ý§î §á§â§Ö§Õ§í§Õ§å§ë§Ö§Ô§à §å§â§à§Ó§ß§ñ. §³§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§Ñ§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à§Õ§ß§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§Ú§Þ §Ô§â§å§á§á§Ñ§Þ §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§é§Ú§Ü§à§Ó, §å§á§â§à§ë§Ñ§Ö§ä §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§å, §à§ä§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ü§å §Ú §ä§Ö§ã§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö, §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§ä§î §Þ§à§Õ§å§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§à §Õ§â§å§Ô §à§ä §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ñ, §å§á§â§à§ë§Ñ§Ö§ä §á§à§Ó§ä§à§â§ß§à§Ö §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û. §²§Ñ§Ò§à§é§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ü§à§ß§ä§Ö§Û§ß§Ö§â§ß§í§Þ §Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§à§Þ, §Ó §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Þ §â§Ñ§Ù§Þ§Ö§ë§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö §Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§í §Ú §Ú§ç §ï§Ü§Ù§Ö§Þ§á§Ý§ñ§â§í, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§í, §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú, §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ, §á§â§à§è§Ö§Õ§å§â§í §Ú §ä.§Õ. §¬§Ñ§Ø§Õ§í§Û §Þ§à§Õ§å§Ý§î (§Ò§Ñ§Ù§Ñ §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û) §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ä§î §Ý§ð§Ò§à§Ö §é§Ú§ã§Ý§à §â§Ñ§Ò§à§é§Ú§ç §á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§ä§Ó. §²§Ñ§Ò§à§é§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§å§ð§ä §à§Õ§ß§å §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Õ§â§Ö§Ó§à§Ó§Ú§Õ§ß§í§ç §Ú§Ö§â§Ñ§â§ç§Ú§Û §ã §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ "is-§Ñ-part-of" ("§ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §é§Ñ§ã§ä§î§ð"). §³ §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§í§Þ §Þ§à§Õ§å§Ý§Ö§Þ §Ñ§ã§ã§à§è§Ú§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §à§Õ§ß§à §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §â§Ñ§Ò§à§é§Ú§ç §á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§ä§Ó §Ó§Ö§â§ç§ß§Ö§Ô§à (§ß§å§Ý§Ö§Ó§à§Ô§à) §å§â§à§Ó§ß§ñ; §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§à§Ö §Ú§Ù §ß§Ú§ç - §Ü§à§â§Ö§ß§î §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ö§Û §Ú§Ö§â§Ñ§â§ç§Ú§Ú. §£ §ã§Ó§à§ð §à§é§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§î, §ã §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§í§Þ §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§à§Þ (§à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú), §â§Ñ§ã§á§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ §Ó §ß§å§Ý§Ö§Ó§à§Þ §å§â§à§Ó§ß§Ö, §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ñ§ã§ã§à§è§Ú§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §â§Ñ§Ò§à§é§Ö§Ö §á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§ä§Ó§à §á§Ö§â§Ó§à§Ô§à §å§â§à§Ó§ß§ñ, "§ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Ö§ã§ñ §Ö§Ô§à §é§Ñ§ã§ä§î§ð" §Ú §ä.§Õ. §²§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å "§Þ§à§Õ§å§Ý§ñ§Þ§Ú" §Ú "§â§Ñ§Ò§à§é§Ú§Þ§Ú §á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú" §ã§à§ã§ä§à§Ú§ä §Ó §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ö§Þ. §®§à§Õ§å§Ý§Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§ð§ä §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ §à§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §Ò§Ñ§Ù§í §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û, §ã§à§Ó§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§à §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§Þ§í§Ö §Ó §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§ç §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§ç. §°§ß§Ú §á§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§í §Ó §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ú §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ñ §ß§Ö §Ö§Ô§à §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §²§Ñ§Ò§à§é§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §ß§Ñ§à§Ò§à§â§à§ä, §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§ñ§ð§ä §ã§Ó§à§ð §â§à§Ý§î §á§â§Ú §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §°§ß§Ú §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ä §Ó §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§Ö §ã§å§ë§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §â§Ñ§Ù§Ò§Ú§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ §ß§Ö§Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§Ö §é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ý§Ö§Ô§é§Ö §á§à§ß§ñ§ä§î §Ú §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ò§Ñ§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î. §²§Ñ§Ò§à§é§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §å§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î (§Ó§â§å§é§ß§å§ð §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ó §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ö/§á§â§à§è§Ö§Õ§å§â§Ö) §Ó §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ö §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§Ö (§á§â§Ú §ï§ä§à§Þ §ã§å§ë§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ú§Ö§ã§ñ §Ó §ï§ä§à§Þ §á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §Ú §Ó §Ö§Ô§à §á§à§Õ§á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§ç, §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§ñ§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ö§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ú§Þ§í§Þ§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §Þ§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ §Ó§í§Ó§à§Õ§Ñ). §¥§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Û §Þ§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §á§â§Ú §ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ú §Ñ§Ý§î§ä§Ö§â§ß§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§ç §Ô§â§å§á§á §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Û §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§Ñ §Ò§í§ä§î §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §à§Õ§ß§Ñ §Ú§Ù §ß§Ú§ç. §¬§â§à§Þ§Ö §ä§à§Ô§à, §â§Ñ§Ò§à§é§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §à§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Û, §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§à§Ö §á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§ç §Ü§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ô§à§â§Ú§Û §á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û.
4.3 §³§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§í §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç
§³§å§ë§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó §Ò§Ñ§Ù§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §ã §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ù§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§ç §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú§ä§î §ß§Ñ §ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§í §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §Ú §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§ñ§Ö§Þ§í§Ö §å§ä§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §±§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú §á§Ö§â§Ó§í§ç §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§í §Ú §Ú§ç §Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§í, §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú (connection), §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ (relation), §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö, §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§í, §ã§á§Ú§ã§Ü§Ú, §Þ§Ñ§ã§ã§Ú§Ó§í, §â§Ñ§Ò§à§é§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. §±§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ó§ä§à§â§í§ç - §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ, §á§â§à§è§Ö§Õ§å§â§í, §æ§à§â§Þ§å§Ý§í, §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§Ú. §£§í§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§ð§ä §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§í (§Ú §Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§í), §Ó§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ó §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§å §Ú §Ó§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§í§Ö §á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Þ. §±§â§Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ö §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§à, §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §á§à§Õ§Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§í, §à§ä§â§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§å §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §³§â§Ö§Õ§Ú §Ó§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §á§à§Õ§Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§à§Ó §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§à§Ó §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§Û §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ö§ã §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §á§à§Õ§Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç, §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Û §á§à§Õ§Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§í §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç, §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§à§Ó, §ã§á§Ú§ã§Ü§à§Ó §Ú §Þ§Ñ§ã§ã§Ú§Ó§à§Ó. §°§ã§à§Ò§Ñ§ñ §â§à§Ý§î §à§ä§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ. §£ §à§ä§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ö §à§ä §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §ä§â§Ú §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ñ: §ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö, §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§í §Ú §á§â§à§ã§ä§í§Ö §Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§í. §±§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§í §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ñ§ð§ä §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ö §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§í §Þ§Ñ§ê§Ú§ß§í §Ó§í§Ó§à§Õ§Ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü§à§Û-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à §á§â§à§è§Ö§Õ§å§â§í. §±§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§ñ§Ö§Þ§í§Ö §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§à§Ó §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ §Ú §á§à§ï§ä§à§Þ§å §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ä §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§æ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §é§Ö§â§ä§í: §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §Ú§ã§ä§à§é§ß§Ú§Ü §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç. §£§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §á§â§à§Þ§Ö§Ø§å§ä§à§Ü §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú, §Ó §ä§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ô§à §ï§ä§à §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ñ§Ü§ä§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à, §á§à §Ú§ã§ä§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §á§â§à§Þ§Ö§Ø§å§ä§Ü§Ñ §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ö §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ë§Ö§Û §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ.
§²§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ó §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§î§Ö §ä§Ö§ß§Õ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §Ú§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ñ§ð§ä §å§ä§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §à§Õ§ß§Ú§Þ §Ú§Ù §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§ç §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ó §ï§ä§à§Û §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ï§Ü§ã§á§Ö§â§ä§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú. §²§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§à §ß§Ñ §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â§Ö §à§Ò§à§Ý§à§é§Ü§Ú §ï§Ü§ã§á§Ö§â§ä§ß§í§ç §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú G2, §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Û §ã§à§Ò§à§Û §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§à§é§ß§å§ð §ã§â§Ö§Õ§å §Õ§Ý§ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ú, §Ó§ß§Ö§Õ§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §ã§à§á§â§à§Ó§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ó §ê§Ú§â§à§Ü§à§Þ §Õ§Ú§Ñ§á§Ñ§Ù§à§ß§Ö §à§ä§â§Ñ§ã§Ý§Ö§Û. G2 §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§ñ§Ö§ä §Ó §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö §Ü§Ñ§Ü §å§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §ä§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ú §á§à§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§í§ç §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ (§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ñ§â§ä§í §à§ä§Ü§â§í§ä§í§ç §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ, §Ñ§â§ç§Ú§ä§Ö§Ü§ä§å§â§Ñ §Ü§Ý§Ú§Ö§ß§ä/§ã§Ö§â§Ó§Ö§â, §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§ß§à-§à§â§Ú§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ö §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö, §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §°§³, §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§ç §ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§í§ç §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó), §ä§Ñ§Ü §Ú §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§í (§â§Ñ§ã§ã§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §ß§Ñ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ§ç, §â§Ñ§ã§ã§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §ß§Ñ §Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§ç, §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ú§Þ§Ú§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à§Ö §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö, §á§â§à§è§Ö§Õ§å§â§ß§í§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§Ñ§ñ §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ô§â§Ñ§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ, §ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Û §Ö§ã§ä§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §ñ§Ù§í§Ü §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ò§Ñ§Ù§í §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û), §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ô§â§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä §ä§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ú §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ, §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §ß§Ñ §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ§ç §ã §ä§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ö§Û §ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ (§ã §á§Ñ§Ü§Ö§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ú §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ, §ã §³§µ§¢§¥, §ã §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§Ý§Ö§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú §Ü§à§ß§è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§ä§à§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §Ú §ä.§Õ.).
§£§ã§Ö §ï§ä§à §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §ã §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î§ð §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §à§Ò§à§Ý§à§é§Ü§Ú §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú §Ý§ð§Ò§í§Ö §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §Ò§í§ã§ä§â§Ö§Ö, §é§Ö§Þ §ã §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§í§ç §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§à§Ó §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ú §ã§ß§Ú§Ù§Ú§ä§î §ä§â§å§Õ§à§Ù§Ñ§ä§â§Ñ§ä§í §ß§Ñ §ã§à§á§â§à§Ó§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§í§ç §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ú §Ú§ç §á§Ö§â§Ö§ß§à§ã §ß§Ñ §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö §á§Ý§Ñ§ä§æ§à§â§Þ§í.
[1] F. Hayes-Roth, N. Jacobstein. The State of Enowledge-Based Systems. Communications of the §¡§³§®, March, 1994, v.37, n.3, §â§â.27-39.
[2] §². Harmon. The Size of the Commercial AI Market in the US. Intelligent Software Strategies. 1994, v.10, n.1, §â§â. 1-6.
[3] Expert system saves 20 million L on pipeline management. C&I July, 1994, §â.31.
[4] §². Harmon. The Market for Intelligent Software Products. Intelligent Sopware Strategies 1992, v.8, n.2, §â§â.5-12.
[5] D.R Perley. Migrating to Open Systems: Taming he Tiger. McGraw-Hill, 1993, §â.252.
[6] §². Harmon. The AI Tools Market The Market for Intelligent Software Building Tools. Part I. Intelligent Softwane Strategies, 1994, v 10, n.2, pp.1-14.
[7] §². Harmon. The market for intelligent software pnducts Intelligent Software Strategies, 1992, v.8, n.2, §â§â.5-12.
[8] B.R. Clements and F. Preto. Evaluating Commencial Real Time Expert System Software for Use in the Process Industries. C&I, 1993, §â§â. 107-114.
[9] §£. §®§à§à§Ô§Ö et al. Questions and Answers about G2. 1993. Gensym Corporation. §â§â.26-28.
[10] B. Moore. Memorandum. 1993, April. Gensym Corparation.
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